Horticultural Trade between India and WANA Region 2.pdf · Tunisia Total Products Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables

11Amity Journal of Agribusiness

Volume 3 Issue 1 2018 AJAB

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Amity Journal of Agribusiness3 (1), (11-25)

©2018 ADMAA

Horticultural Trade between India and WANA Region

Rais Ahmad & Rather Mohd IqbalAligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

IntroductionHorticulture is the science and art of growing (plants) - fruits, vegetables, flowers, and any

other cultivar. It also includes plant conservation, landscape restoration, soil management, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance, and arboriculture (wiki 2016).

AbstractThe present study aims to assess the export potential of horticulture goods from India to the West Asia

and North Africa (WANA) region. It aims to find the volume, composition and pattern of horticultural trade between India and WANA region. Bilateral trade between India and WANA region is since the famous Silk Route. Although the trade between the regions is characterized by periodical leaps and bounds, horticultural trade between India and WANA remains at brisk. India has a diverse climate that ensures availability of all varieties of fresh fruits and vegetables. India ranks second in fruits and vegetables production in the world, after China. The bulk production of fruits and vegetables pivot offers India greater opportunities for horticulture export. During 2016-17, India exported fruits and vegetables worth 1,552.26 USD Millions which comprised fruits worth 667.51 USD Millions and vegetables worth Rs 884.75 USD Millions’ (wiki 2015). The major destinations for Indian fruits and vegetables export are Algeria, Egypt, Libya, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, Iraq, Jordan etc. India’s horticulture goods trade with WANA region comprises 19 countries. These countries are Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Iraq, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Yemen, Libya and South Sudan (wiki 2010). India also imports horticulture products from WANA region but their volume is much lesser than exports. In other words India has a trade surplus with WANA region in horticulture products. Due to political instability in WANA region and sole dependence of its economy on Oil Export can lead to misallocation and a heavy concentration effect on growth, equality and development of the region. To avoid this, the region has to exploit the un-exploited resources and search for alternative ways of trade and investment. On the other hand, India has much potential to exploit the WANA market (particularly west Asian region) in horticultural trade, because Per Capita Income (PCI) of the WANA region is very high than India. To reap the benefits of mutual trade, both India and WANA region should specialize in that horticulture product in which there exists a comparative advantage.

Key Words: Horticulture Goods, Bilateral Trade, Volume, Composition, Comparative AdvantageJEL Classification: F19Paper Classification: Research Paper

12 Amity Journal of Agribusiness

Volume 3 Issue 1 2018AJAB

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The World economy has divided West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region (comprises 19 countries), into three groups namely,

(i) 6 GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE) (ii) 7 West Asian countries (Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen, Syria) and (iii) 6 North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia). The WANA region occupies an important position in India’s foreign trade.

India’s trade with the countries in this region is conducted in free foreign exchange. Mutual Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) treatment is accorded in respect to trade with most of these countries (wiki 2015). Some of these countries, particularly Gulf countries, have largely free economies, while in countries like Iraq, Libya, Jordan, Morocco and Syria, imports are regulated by state- owned organisations, to differing extents (wiki 2016). India’s principle export products to the region are tea, spices, fruits and vegetables, tobacco meat, oil-cakes, chemicals, drugs and pharmaceuticals, engineering goods and textiles. On account of large imports of our essential requirements of crude oil, POL products and fertilisers, there is a large negative balance of trade with the region as a whole. UAE and Saudi Arabia are our largest trading partners in the WANA regions. While UAE accounted for about 42% of our total exports and 18% of our total imports in the WANA region, Saudi Arabia’s share was 18% of our exports and 27% of our imports in this region. India’s exports invoiced to Dubai, find their destination in a multitude of markets in the Gulf, Iran, Central Asian Republics, Russia and North East Africa (Ministry of Commerce, GOI). India has become, after Iran, the second largest destination of re-exports from Dubai. Our trade and economic linkages with UAE in general, and Dubai in particular, have commanded a special focus in our cooperation effects. Only essential items like food, medicines, etc. are permissible for export from India to Iraq, with the approval of the UN Sanctions Committee. As a special measure on humanitarian ground, UNO launched the “Oil for Food” programme. India’s export growth to WANA region which increased by 18% has become possible, due to the joint efforts put in by our Ministry, our missions abroad and the private sector. With our relentless efforts, India’s bilateral trade with these countries is poised to grow further.

Composition of horticultural trade between India and WANA RegionThe principal items of horticulture trade between India and WANA region are shown as below.

Exports from India Imports to India

Fresh FruitsFresh VegetablesProcessed Fruits and VegetablesFresh MangoesMango PulpFresh GrapesFloricultureOnionsDried and Preserved VegetablesFruit and vegetable seedsCucumber/ Gherkins(cucumber pickles)WalnutApplesPomesOranges

Fresh FruitsProcessed Fruits and VegetablesFloricultureFruit and Vegetable seedsDatesOlivesGrapes



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Volume of Trade between India and North African RegionThe highest percentage of India’s horticulture export trade is with Egypt. It controls about 60%

said trade in North African region. Tunisia shows lowest percentage of this trade in the region. Egypt is the only country in the North African Region where walnuts are imported from India. Processed fruits and vegetables and mango pulp are the goods which are exported to each of the six countries in North Africa. Algeria is the next best emerging market for India’s horticulture trade as depicted by figures in the tables in the Annexure.

Out of the total horticulture imports to India from North African Region, about 84% of imports are from Egypt.

Tab

le 1

.1: E

xpor

t of

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ticu

ltu

re g

ood

s fr

om I

nd

ia to

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th A

fric

a R

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r 201

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) Qty

in M

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roco

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dan

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nis

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du

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Qty

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ue

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er

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esse

d Fr

uits

& V

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827

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9.74

617.

2530

625

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6627

5.59

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Man

go P

ulp

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710

28.8

817

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3.84

487.

17

Wal

nuts

00

4622

3.06

00

00

00

00

4622

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Flor

icul

ture

00

78.5

970

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00

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6.03

Sour

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I – 2

017



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Table 1.2: Imports of Horticulture goods from North African Region to India

(Year 2016) Algeria Egypt Morocco Tunisia Total

Products Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value

Other Fresh Fruits 1434.67 898.72 49456.18 18177.83 44.32 18.67 1813.91 1242.29 52749.08 20337.51Fruits & Vegetables Seeds

0 0 9184 8580.49 0 1.85 0 0 9184 8582.34

Fresh Grapes 0 0 204.25 228.91 0 0 0 0 204.25 228.91Dried & Preserved Vegetables

0 0 81.13 76.61 0 0 0 0 81.13 76.61

Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables

0 0 73.9 64.22 0 0 0 0 73.9 64.22

Other Fresh Vegetables

0 0 1 1.26 0 0 0 0 1 1.26

Total 1434.67 898.72 5900.46 27129.32 44.32 20.52 1813.91 1242.29 Source: Trade Statistics by Ministry of Commerce, GOI – 2017

Volume of Horticultural trade between India and GCC countriesUAE has the highest percentage of horticulture trade in terms of volume with India among

GCC countries. Saudi Arabia stands at second then Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait. Oman is the largest importer of walnuts in the region. Saudi Arab is the highest importer of fresh vegetables. Onions are almost equally imported with less dispersion by each country of GCC region. Out of the total horticulture imports to India from GCC countries, 93% of comes from UAE.



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Tab

le 2

.1: E

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ticu

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ood

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GC

C c

oun

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s

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r 201

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sh V

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esh

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Table 2.2: Import of Horticulture goods from GCC countries

(Year 2016)

Oman UAE Total

Products Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value

Other Fresh Fruits 4030.5 (22.9%)

3889.78 17568.77 (81.3%)

9366.96 21599.27 21458.55

Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables

0.35 (0.01%)

6.44 2898.92 (99.99%)

2076.69 2899.27 2083.13

Floriculture 0 0 31.01 165.1 31.01 165.1Total 4030.85 3896.22 20498.7 11608.06

Source: Trade Statistics by Ministry of Commerce, GOI – 2017

Volume of Horticulture trade between India and other West AsiaThe items which are mostly exported to Iran in the other West Asian Region are processed

fruits & vegetables (65%) fresh fruits (93%), grapes (61%), Mango (76%). The highest traded item of export with Israel is cucumber and Gherkins (66%). Floriculture trade is flourished with Lebanon about 56 percent of flowers and 80 % of Onions are exported to this country in the region. The least trade in this region is with Syria.



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Tab

le 3

.1: E

xpor

t of

Hor

ticu

ltu

re g

ood

s to

oth

er W

est A

sia

(Yea

r 20

16)

Pro

du

cts

Iran

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elJo

rdan

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anon

Syr

iaY

emen

Rep

ub

lic

Tot

al

Qty

Val

ue

Qty

Val

ue

Qty

Val

ue

Qty

Val

ue

Qty

Val

ue

Qty

Val

ue

Qty

Val

ue

Oth

er P

roce

ssed

Fr

uits

&

Veg

etab

les

1169

0.02

1092

7.28

1257

.51

1172

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1522

.58

1067

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6.28

640.

3436

8.48

309.

0121

70.9

815

31.8

317

825.

8515

649.

09

Man

go P

ulp

745

592.

8465

7.2

460.

9318

8.85

96.3

511

92.1

967

6.91

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97.9

716

708.

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34.6

919

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2810

359.

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ther

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sh

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ts15

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7855

66.3

184

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3610

0.35

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312

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923

4.47

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7.23

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Cuc

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Pre

pd.

& P

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tal

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98

Sour

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017



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Table 3.2: Imports of Horticulture goods from other West Asia

(Year 2016)

Israel

Products Qty Value

Other Fresh Fruits 154.76 782.79Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 1382.89 1947.55Floriculture 18.88 170.47Dried & Preserved Vegetables 0.1 22.11Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.01 4.04

Source: Trade Statistics by Ministry of Commerce, GOI -- 2017

ConclusionThe WANA region has good potential of horticulture trade. India has an advantage to exploit

the WANA market for horticulture goods because of low transportation cost than rest of the world. By improving the quality of the horticulture goods, the demand of horticulture goods of India can be increased in WANA countries.

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Khasnobis, B(Eds.), The WTO, Developing Countries and the Doha Development Agenda (pp. 37-62). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

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Ariff, M., & Chye, T. E. (1992). ASEAN-Pacific trade relations. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 8, 258-283.

Boughanmi, H. (2008). The trade potential of the Arab Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC): a gravity model approach. Journal of Economic Integration, 23(1), 42-56.

Chemingui, M. A., & Fetini, H. (2006). Considerations for reforming energy price subsidies in Syria: A policy note. Washington, DC : World Bank.

Pradhan, S. R. (2006). India’s Export Potential to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis. In Post Workshop Reports Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade.

Tinbergen, J. (1962). An analysis of world trade flows. Shaping the world economy, 3, 1-117.



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Annexure Table A.1: Percentage of Quantity of Export to North Africa

Products Algeria Egypt Lebiya Morroco Sudan Tunisia

Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 31.26 41.04 12.45 4.95 6.98 3.32Mango Pulp 10.50 25.65 5.12 0.74 46.01 11.99Other Fresh Fruits 0.00 92.16 2.94 0.79 4.11 0.00Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 63.01 29.63 0.00 3.01 0.00 4.35Other Fresh Vegetables 2.09 55.47 3.32 0.00 39.13 0.00Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.00 93.31 0.01 0.83 5.85 0.00Fresh Grapes 0.00 0.00 4.69 62.67 32.64 0.00Dried & Preserved Vegetables 44.89 41.95 5.30 7.73 0.13 0.00Walnuts 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Floriculture 0.00 86.98 0.00 3.83 0.00 9.19

Table A.2: Percentage of Value of Exports to North Africa

Products Algeria Egypt Lebiya Morroco Sudan Tunisia

Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 29.00 48.41 10.87 4.43 0.05 2.43Mango Pulp 21.54 26.32 4.81 1.00 0.38 8.50Other Fresh Fruits 0.00 93.77 1.90 1.50 0.03 0.00Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 83.02 13.36 0.00 1.44 0.00 2.18Other Fresh Vegetables 3.67 64.77 2.00 0.00 0.30 0.00Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.00 86.40 1.85 1.41 0.10 0.00Fresh Grapes 0.00 0.00 8.14 66.79 0.25 0.00Dried & Preserved Vegetables 60.53 27.88 3.93 7.55 0.00 0.00Walnuts 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Floriculture 0.00 32.17 0.00 60.82 0.00 7.02

Table A.3: Percentage of Quantity of Imports to India from North Africa

Products Algeria Egypt Morocco Tunasia

Other Fresh Fruits 2.72 93.76 0.08 3.44Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Fresh Grapes 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Dried & Preserved Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Other Fresh Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00



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Table A.4: Percentage of Value of Import to India from North Africa

Products Algeria Egypt Morocco Tunasia

Other Fresh Fruits 4.42 89.38 0.09 6.11Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.00 99.98 0.02 0.00

Fresh Grapes 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Dried & Preserved Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Other Fresh Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00

Table A.5: Percentage of Value of Exports from India to GCC

Products Quwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arab UAE

Other Fresh Fruits 9.15 20.02 18.72 14.85 37.25Other Fresh Vegetables 8.31 18.30 14.29 30.34 28.76Fresh Onions 11.22 25.02 17.03 25.68 21.05Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 2.59 12.14 6.87 6.71 71.69Fresh Mangoes 11.76 23.01 9.90 25.96 29.37Mango Pulp 1.46 20.30 3.37 0.77 74.10Fresh Grapes 3.30 2.32 6.72 3.19 84.47Floriculture 10.62 15.62 9.37 28.02 36.36Dried & Preserved Vegetables 6.36 10.94 7.72 5.53 69.45Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 1.90 4.71 41.64 0.74 51.01Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 3.47 13.23 7.71 1.06 74.52Walnuts 0.00 99.11 0.89 0.00 0.00

Table A.6: Percentage of Quantity of Exports from India to GCC

Products Quwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arab UAE

Other Fresh Fruits 9.40 10.33 5.66 14.60 60.01Other Fresh Vegetables 10.98 12.29 13.50 12.06 51.16Fresh Onions 12.00 8.85 12.50 10.82 55.83Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 7.13 3.38 3.15 52.61 33.73Fresh Mangoes 3.12 2.55 6.42 6.76 81.16Mango Pulp 16.78 2.73 0.48 63.63 16.39Fresh Grapes 1.46 3.56 1.73 39.62 53.64Floriculture 6.86 11.55 5.96 20.32 55.31Dried & Preserved Vegetables 5.81 2.18 5.00 38.31 48.70Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 4.35 5.59 0.19 86.32 3.56Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 12.14 7.07 0.88 51.30 28.61Walnuts 22.22 0.02 0.00 0.00 77.75



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Table A.7: Percent of Exports from India in terms of Quantity to other West Asia

Products Iran Isreal Jordan Lebnon Syeria Yemen

Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 65.58 7.05 8.54 4.58 2.07 12.18Mango Pulp 3.79 3.34 0.96 6.06 0.93 84.93Other Fresh Fruits 93.63 0.49 0.90 0.59 1.01 3.37Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 0.00 66.85 17.17 15.98 0.00 0.00Fresh Grapes 61.02 0.00 17.15 3.25 0.00 18.57Dried & Preserved Vegetables 1.39 64.36 24.78 7.29 2.17 0.00Other Fresh Vegetables 71.14 1.15 4.02 17.10 0.00 6.60Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 51.66 4.79 32.36 2.75 0.01 8.43Floriculture 6.44 11.01 23.53 56.73 0.00 2.28Fresh Onions 0.00 0.00 17.65 82.35 0.00 0.00Fresh Mangoes 76.92 0.00 0.00 23.08 0.00 0.00

Table A.8: Percentage of Exports from India in terms of value to other West Asia

Products Iran Isreal Jordan Lebnon Syeria Yemen

Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 69.83 7.50 6.82 4.09 1.97 9.79Mango Pulp 5.72 4.45 0.93 6.53 0.95 81.42Other Fresh Fruits 90.84 0.50 1.69 1.15 1.99 3.83Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 0.00 64.58 14.76 20.66 0.00 0.00Fresh Grapes 53.84 0.00 16.64 2.85 0.00 26.68Dried & Preserved Vegetables 1.01 67.53 23.03 7.09 1.34 0.00Other Fresh Vegetables 55.15 1.35 3.12 27.76 0.00 12.63Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 15.61 51.63 29.10 0.61 0.44 2.61Floriculture 2.88 9.87 17.65 69.03 0.00 0.57Fresh Onions 0.00 0.00 16.74 83.26 0.00 0.00Fresh Mangoes 89.22 0.00 0.00 10.78 0.00 0.00

Table A.9: Exports of Horticulture Goods from India to WANA Region

Pomegranates Fresh

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Country Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs

United Arab Emirates 11,277.47 19,759.71 17,320.13 25,380.48 20,952.62 25,275.08Saudi Arabia 1,563.09 2,058.78 2,557.77 3,175.81 2,664.24 3,040.49Kuwait 913.98 1,024.16 871.04 1,074.32 1,187.37 1,507.90Bahrain 465.99 412.57 470.59 595.8 635.09 657.45Oman 341.3 530.06 312.6 494.68 451.59 645.46Qatar 354.17 450.59 439.67 548.63 571.18 641.01Egypt Arab Republic 371.28 477.39 404.04 524.74 486.64 604.53Iraq 0 0 0 0 15 19.92Lebanon 7 13.62 0 0 14.55 19.26Algeria 0.01 0.09 0 0 0 0Iran 0 0 0 0 0 0Nigeria 0.05 0.02 0 0 0 0

Source: DGCIS Annual Export



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As depicted in the table Pomegranate trade shows an increasing trend for UAE and decreasing trend with Algeria, Iran and Lebanon.

Product: Walnuts Value in lakhs quantity in MT2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Country Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value

United Arab Emirates 71.25 13.47 0.19 0.36 346.38 665.68Egypt Arab Republic 241 1,631.15 252.6 1,267.69 46 223.06Kuwait 54 178.79 22 140.06 99 142.53Oman 4.2 20.45 0 0 0.11 1.28Nigeria 0.6 1.79 0.02 0.15 0.3 0.75Algeria 0 0 11 58.23 0 0Bahrain 12 100.45 0 0 0 0Tunisia 12 66.99 12 69.52 0 0

Egypt is the highest importer of Walnuts and Algeria is the lowest importer.

Fresh Mangoes2014-15 2015-16 2016-17


United Arab Emirates 29,231.90 21,497.85 19,973.60 19,199.34 28,751.23 24,792.70Saudi Arabia 2,171.49 1,428.59 1,399.08 1,675.19 2,394.10 2,447.68Qatar 998.1 810.81 1,016.25 1,023.29 2,273.47 2,163.99Kuwait 787.28 1,238.18 748.35 1,298.33 1,104.27 1,918.11Bahrain 658.71 505.36 747.79 633.01 1,088.15 979.72Oman 605.2 469.27 426.84 412.5 901.92 824.96Iran 0.22 0.08 71 60.95 1 1.49Lebanon 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.18Egypt Arab Republic 0 0 0.03 0.01 0 0Yemen Republc 0.1 0.06 0 0 0 0



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Highest export of Mangoes goes to UAE followed by Saudi Arabia.

Fresh Grapes2014-15 2015-16 2016-17


United Arab Emirates 11,860.53 11,354.52 13,075.43 11,661.03 16,814.09 14,322.25Saudi Arabia 5,319.73 4,689.93 8,140.47 6,940.44 12,420.19 11,449.28Iraq 75 67.47 694 542.43 1,406.00 1,248.85Oman 706.36 578.8 640.16 463.72 1,115.55 910.78Bahrain 423.67 371.19 590.39 478.04 643.62 446.77Qatar 105.98 120.8 186.38 176.01 541.93 432.9Iran 35 35.62 78 71.66 356.5 364.75Morocco 36 29.32 149 126.51 361 323.96Kuwait 823.29 767.04 502.73 380.63 456.29 314.36Yemen Republic 0 0 0 0 108.5 180.77Sudan 0 0 0 0 188 121.58Algeria 140 141.71 269 187.81 0 0Egypt Arab Republic 90 101.65 225 247.57 0 0Somalia 0 0 5.8 7.29 0 0Tunisia 18 23.44 0 0 0 0

Grapes are mostly exported to UAE followed by Saudi Arabia and the lowest is with Yemen, Sudan and Somalia.

Other Fresh Fruits

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17


United Arab Emirates 61,295.08 43,488.22 85,388.80 59,379.90 88,068.80 59,581.98Saudi Arabia 20,117.84 10,740.55 24,510.19 13,890.06 21,426.14 12,654.23Kuwait 7,857.65 4,294.18 7,500.87 4,441.36 13,799.34 6,802.46Oman 6,626.66 3,216.08 10,552.65 4,751.85 15,157.84 6,359.81Iran 3,387.80 1,255.01 20,660.13 6,920.37 15,961.78 5,566.31Qatar 5,762.68 3,364.81 6,781.37 4,329.07 8,310.51 5,045.77Bahrain 4,231.08 2,165.85 4,733.78 2,702.57 6,066.05 3,109.35Egypt Arab Republic 1,297.30 1,010.10 1,269.50 1,067.44 2,697.64 1,614.16Iraq 266.44 104.96 798 367.41 1,962.22 777.84Yemen Republic 792.27 352.33 466.53 197.11 574.9 234.47Syria 642 402.79 134 84.7 173 121.93Jordan 300.9 134.18 147.78 93.02 153.2 103.36Sudan 0.32 1 382.93 152.6 120.38 48.69Mauritius 3.61 10.86 5.84 16.41 17.63 44.77Libya 88 43.71 2 0.77 86 32.68Israel 248.4 142.13 95 37.69 84 30.56Morocco 46 30.36 0 0 23.03 25.78Algeria 0.01 0.09 34.4 26.97 0.03 0.08



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Apple2014-15 2015-16 2016-17


Saudi Arabia 40 31.44 0.29 0.2 51 38.96Kuwait 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.03Bahrain 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.15 0 0Oman 0.18 0.18 0.21 0.23 0 0Qatar 0 0 0.04 0.02 0 0United Arab Emirates 42.75 32.43 0 0 0 0

Apple trade shows decrease in imports in the WANA region possibly may be because of imports from other parts of the world.

Pineapples Fresh 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17


Qatar 563.37 365.2 726.6 507.49 976.48 670.73Saudi Arabia 679.17 406.83 271.61 161.46 545.57 382.43United Arab Emirates 60.89 27.39 212.73 110.35 538.48 328.74Oman 192.97 131.01 294.52 203.48 313.32 224.27Bahrain 191.05 116.41 199.76 106.84 223.57 120.77Iran 0.2 0.08 261.54 105.02 17.1 10.1Kuwait 11.76 7.83 9.44 5.83 9.94 4.54

Qatar shows an increasing trend in pine apple while Saudi Arab and UAE show a decreasing trend.

Oranges2014-15 2015-16 2016-17


Egypt Arab Republic 0 0 0 0 1,320.00 445.95United Arab Emirates 32.05 16.04 94.33 52.79 551.91 267.5Oman 5.6 1.73 30.15 10.64 92.86 49.37Qatar 4.82 3.98 2.95 2.21 51.33 41.47Saudi Arabia 42.77 34.47 0 0 27 11.53Kuwait 1.8 0.96 0.87 0.6 12.82 10.94Total 17,231.45 3,194.00 34,524.54 7,129.81 47,539.40 11,584.71



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Floriculture2014-15 2015-16 2016-17


United Arab Emirates 1,582.65 2,204.17 1,499.63 2,699.31 1,441.43 3,444.53Saudi Arabia 220.08 407.93 407.02 641.9 529.57 753.19Qatar 139.81 255.89 132.68 335.86 155.28 580.45Kuwait 69.59 217.78 109.5 190.48 178.78 323.47Bahrain 114.47 227.7 79.75 183.29 210.24 219.97Oman 111.45 156.14 277.31 212.5 301.09 194.17Jordan 12.4 49.05 13.88 61.78 41.26 108.92Egypt Arab Republic 86.97 91.49 42.35 56.56 78.59 70.86Israel 17.18 46.83 21.57 43.28 19.31 60.92Turkey 9.98 27.85 15.96 39.6 21.96 59.46Iraq 0.41 3.09 2.11 10.89 2.91 7.74Nigeria 5.49 7.17 0 0 0.37 6.71Yemen Republic 5.7 5.51 0 0 4 3.49Sudan 0.08 0.89 0.1 0.76 0 0

Source: Trade Statistics by Ministry of Commerce GOI – 2017

Floriculture has an established trade in WANA region with strong trade links with GCC countries.

Authors’ Profile

Rais Ahmad is M.Phil and Ph.D. in Commerce from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. His research and teaching experience is more than 25 years. He worked as Chairman of the Department from May 2004 to Sept. 2004 and from Sept. 2007 to Sept. 2010. He has also worked as Professor in Management Studies, Centre for Management Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), Delhi, India. His area of main interest is Finance and Accounting, Agricultural Cooperative Management and Micro-Finance. He has published more than 100 research papers and articles in journal of repute published from India and abroad and published 30 books including edited books. He has attended a good number of national and international conferences, presented papers and chaired technical sessions. He has completed one UGC Major Research Project. He has also worked in in Saudi Universities, Ministry of Higher Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Rather Mohd Iqbal is working as a Research Scholar Department of Agriculture Economics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Documents

Horticultural Trade between India and WANA Region 2.pdf · Tunisia Total Products Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables