HOW TO FILL THE GAPSBETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNITY

Community based disaster management

Dorotea Agnes Rampisela

HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITYMakassar - Indonesia

CSEAS Kyoto University

STRENGTHENING and SUSTAINABILITY of THE COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Study CaseWARNING System at Jeneberang Watershed South Sulawesi Indonesia

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w a

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lang

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lo

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e ng o

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Sa lo A

n gasi a

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ne

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a

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a

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ra ng

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a Patt e

t ea ng

Bi na ng a

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n ga J a

ja ng

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ka

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n ga

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JENE

B E RA NG

B an t

imur

un g

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T et eb at u

Salo

B on t

o rea

Sa lo

105

kilometers

0∗

Ta malateTa malateTa malateTamalateTamalateTama la teTama la teTama la teTamalate

P allang gaP allang gaP allang gaPallang gaPallang gaPa llan ggaPa llan ggaPa llan ggaPallang ga

Baje ngBaje ngBaje ngBa jengBa jengBajen gBajen gBajen gBa jeng Bon tomara nnuBon tomara nnuBon tomara nnuBo ntoma rann uBo ntoma rann uBonto maran nuBonto maran nuBonto maran nuBo ntoma rann uPa rang lo ePa rang lo ePa rang lo eP aran gloeP aran gloePara ngloePara ngloePara ngloeP aran gloe

Bun gayaBun gayaBun gayaBu nga yaBu nga yaBung ayaBung ayaBung ayaBu nga ya

Ting gimonco ngTing gimonco ngTing gimonco ngTin ggimon congTin ggimon congT in ggimo ncon gT in ggimo ncon gT in ggimo ncon gTin ggimon cong

KotaKotaKotaKot aKot aKotaKotaKotaKot aMakassarMakassarMakassarMakass arMakass arMakas sarMakas sarMakas sarMakass ar

TakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalar GowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowa

5° 25' S5° 25' S5° 2 5' S5° 25' S5° 25' S5° 2 5' S

5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20 ' S5° 20 ' S5° 20 ' S5° 20' S

5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 1 5' S5° 1 5' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 1 5' S

5 1 0 S5 1 0 S5 1 0 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S

Po lomba ngk eng U taraPo lomba ngk eng U taraPo lomba ngk eng U taraP olomb angk eng Utar aP olomb angk eng Utar aPolomb ang ken g Uta raPolomb ang ken g Uta raPolomb ang ken g Uta raP olomb angk eng Utar a

S omba OpuS omba OpuS omba OpuSomba OpuSomba OpuSomb a Op uSomb a Op uSomb a Op uSomba Opu

Ma majan gMa majan gMa majan gMamaja ngMamaja ngMama ja ngMama ja ngMama ja ngMamaja ng

12 6 01 20 1 241220 0 0011 8

ST UD YLO C AT IO N

)M ak ass ar

60

∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗

Gowa

Takalar

Takalar

Gow a

Sinjai

Bulukumba

JENEBERANG WATERSHEDGOWA REGENCY SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE

Salo

Kan

i pa

JE NE

Salo M anapa

BERANG

Salo

Ahuw

a

JENE BERANG

S alo Malino

Sa lo M alino

Sal o

Bul

ang

Parang

TakapalaSalo

S alo

Ka usisi

S alo Beng o

Salo

Sa lo A ng asia

Salo

Pate

ne

Ba lang

Kampala

Jene

Binanga

JENE BERANG

Rakikang

Ben

go

S apay a

Kalu ara ng

B in an ga Pa tte tea ng

Binanga

Bina ng a Ja jan g

Tokk

a

Binanga

Dot ara

Bi nan

ga

J ene

JENE

BERANG

Bantim

urung

Je ne

Tetebatu

Sa lo

Bonto re a

S alo

105

kilometers

0

∗

TamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalate

PallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallangga

BajengBajengBajengBajengBajengBajengBajengBajengBajeng BontomarannuBontomarannuBontomarannuB ontomarannuB ontomarannuBontomarannuBontomarannuBontomarannuB ontomarannuParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloe

BungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungaya

TinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncong

KotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassar

TakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalar GowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowa

5° 25 ' S5° 25 ' S5° 25' S5° 25' S5° 25' S5° 25' S

5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S

5° 15 ' S5° 15 ' S5° 15 ' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S

5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S

Polom bangk eng Uta raPolom bangk eng Uta raPolom bangk eng Uta raPolombang k eng Uta raPolombang k eng Uta raPolombang keng U taraPolombang keng U taraPolombang keng U taraPolombang k eng Uta ra

Somba OpuSomba OpuSomba OpuSomba OpuSomba OpuS om ba OpuS om ba OpuS om ba OpuSomba Opu

MamajangMamajangMamajangMam ajangMam ajangMam ajangMam ajangMam ajangMam ajang

126 01 20 1241220 0 001 18

ST U DYLOC AT ION

)

6 0

∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗

Gowa

Takalar

Takalar

Gowa

Sinjai

BulukumbaSediment material

Approximately 235 million m3

THE DISASTER: Mountain Collapsed

THE DISASTER : Victims and damages

10 died, 23 missing

1500 ha agriculture land covered by sediment material

635 cows

6,333 persons immediately evacuated

Juli

2002

April

2004

THE DISASTER : What happened

THE DISASTER : Post Event Threats

Profile

0

20 0

40 0

60 0

80 0

1 ,00 0

1 ,20 0

1 ,40 0

1 ,60 0

0 .0 5 .0 1 0.0 1 5.0 2 0.0 25. 0 30. 0 35. 0

Distance from End of Bili-Bili Reservoir (km)

Ele

vati

on

(E

L.

m)

Confuluence ofMarino River(Sand Pocket 5)

Sabo Dam No. 4

End of B ili-BiliReservoir

Out le t ofCalder a

1/100

1/ 27

1/ 12

1/ 10

Confuluence ofKusisi River(Sand Pocket 5)

1/60

ACTIVITIES:Community Based Warning System

1. Identification of people and community lived in disaster prone area

2. Participatory mapping 3. Daily monitoring of rainfall rate and sediment

movement and debris flow4. Facilitator training collaborate with Sabo Technical

Center Yogyakarta5. Workshop on warning system development6. Socialization and dissemination of defined warning

system7. Community empowerment

•Participatory Needs Assessment

•Formulation of Action Plan

•Implementation of Action Plan for Recovery of property loss and regional development

•Capacity Building for Livelihood Improvement

•Establishment of Sabo Community

•Development of Participatory Monitoring System

•Development of Warning and Evacuation System

•Community Empowerment

Outcome so far Further Tasks

•Mitigation of Sediment Related Disaster

•Improvement of Regional Economy and Living Standard

ACTIVITIES: OUTCOME

LESSONS LEARNEDVillage People needs information and willing to participate in activitiesObstacles: Formal Recognition from Local Government (District Level)

There was no clear authority (officers in charge)

Coordination of involving NGOsLack of Scientific Based Researches

U

S

T B

± 500

20º Kemiringan

20º 35º

15º

DENAH

PETA SITUASI SUNGAI JENEBERANG

ACTIVITY 1:

Identification of people and community lived in disaster

prone area

ACTIVITY 2: Participatory mapping

•Community to understand that disaster is closely related rainfall and sediment movement.

•Community to understand what is going on the possibility and threats of the disaster

•Feeling of involvement in and giving hand to the mitigation of the disaster.

Purpose:

ACTIVITY 2:

Participatory mapping

Mosque is one of effective places for socialization

ACTIVITY 3:

Daily monitoring of rainfall rate and sediment movement and

SABO DAMNO. 4

A

B

B

1

2

3

4

567

8

9

11

12

13

10

MONITORING OF SEDIMENT MOVEMENT

c

c

Development of Gully

April 8, 2004

June 20, 2004

September 27, 2004

December 9, 2004

January 22, 2005

February 14, 2005

Necessity of Establishing Sabo Community

•To establish effective information system

•Necessity of Institutional Building

•Strengthening collaboration for saving life and mitigation of disaster

Offical Establishment of Sabo Community on 23rd June, 2004

8. Commencement of Sabo Community group in front of JICA Mission

Sabo-2: ManimbahoiSabo-1: Panaikang

Sabo-3:PutepalaSabo-4:

Gantung

Sabo-5: Bulo

Sabo-6: Tanete

Sabo-7: LimbuaSabo-8: Poncodde

MALINOCentral Office

1922

21

18

17

1516 14

9

10

1112 32

1

4

5

6

8

7

20

13

Location of Sabo Community

KOMUNITAS SABO JENEBERANGNama Kelompok : BULO Alamat : RK BULO DUSUN PANGGAJIANG / PARIGIKetua Kelompok: JAMALISekretaris : SYARIFUDDIN L

Jumlah Anggota: 46 ORANG :

13.Jama Tarima14.Sija15.Sule Sija16.Rumallang Tibu17.Tojeng Caca18.Amir Bado19.Ali Sakka20.Jai Manna21.Sinring22.Dado Sinring23.Maharuddin24.Joha Sorong25.Ancu Sulaeman

1. Minggu Katti2. Cala Malle3. SembangTayang4. Baso Malle5. Coni Ca’go6. Serang Ni’ga7. Sakri Lallo8. Nai Baco9. Raba Laco10.Kamaruddin D11.Kuba12.Ali Rumallang

26.Sawala bado27.Ma’ja Saka28.Mansyur29. Safaruddin30. jumadang31.Muhtar Bangko32.Sawala33.Paru34.Baco Dassa35. Ibrahim36.Se’re Panri37. Making N38.Sampe Kawali

39.Tika40.Taco’41.Nyampa Libbo42.Kammisi M43.Rahman B44.Cudding Jama45.Joha Sorong46.Maharuddin

List of Sabo Community

No. Name of Sabo Community Leader Establishment Date Number of Member Monitoring Post

1 Parangkeke Suleman June, 2004 43 Posko-1

2 Bangkeng Sisang Nurliung C. June, 2004 52 Posko-1

3 Tobanda Samuddin June, 2004 27 Posko-1

4 Janna Usman June, 2004 32 Posko-1

5 Batu Menteng Muhamad Edi May, 2004 36 Posko-1

6 Bontote’ne Junaid June, 2004 47 Not clear

7 Tassala Kahar June, 2004 11 Posko-2

8 Tumbu Riwata Alimin June, 2004 29 Posko-2

9 Daraha M Dg. Nusu June, 2004 33 None

10 Lantebung Putepala Mudu Gaso June, 2004 28 Posko-3

11 Biring Tumbua Muhamad Daud June, 2004 27 Posko-3

12 Liku Labua Abd. Rajab June, 2004 25 Posko-3

13 Bangkeng Popoang Rahman Talla June, 2004 18 Posko-3

14 Bulo Karisa Muhamad May, 2004 27 Posko-4

15 Gamissang M. Nurdin May, 2004 27 Posko-4

16 Salu Dg. Labbiri May, 2004 27 Posko-4

17 Bulo Jamali June, 2004 67 Posko-5

18 Tanete Rusmin June, 2004 80 Posko-6

19 Limbua Najamuddin Bella June, 2004 80 Posko-7

20 Poncodde Dg. Ronrong June, 2004 >20 Posko-8

21 Appokang Rama Ranca August, 2004 42 Posko-8

22 Borong Sapiria Dg. Sat tu June, 2004 approx. 40 Posko-7

- - approx. 820 8 PoskoTotal (22 Communities)

Location of 8 Monitoring Post (Posko)

Posko-2: Manimbahoi

Posko-1: Panaikang

Posko-3: PutepalaPosko-4: Gantung

Posko-5: BuloPosko-6: Tanete

Posko-7: Limbua

Posko-8: Poncodde

FOKUS

River flow condition is monitored from Posko

Posko-3 : Putepala

View from Posko-3 (Putepala)

May 07, ‘05

Before Collapse

April 17, ‘05

Daraha BridgeDaraha Bridge was flushed out by debris flow on 14 April 2005. Trans 13,000 village People has been affected.

Damages –River Structures

Discussing the form, size and colors of Warning signs

Installing the flags and signs

Rainfall MonitoringStation

Evaculation Stationfrom hazard area

Posko 1

Posko 2

Posko 3

Posko 8

:

:Camat

FOKUS(Sabo Community Forum)

Villagers

Villagers

VillagersRadio Communication

Kentongan

ACTIVITY 5 AND 6:

Workshop on warning system developmentSocialization and dissemination of defined warning system

Installing the Kentongan, signaling the warning

Discussing and analyzing local version hazard map

Emergency drill of warning and evacuation

Learn how to make paving block:

Make use of sand and sediment material

Utilize paving block for evacuation road

NEXT STEPUtilize paving block for village road cooperate with local government programSelling paving block

Fabrication Factory

EVACUATION PATH

Activity 4 :Facilitator training collaborate with Sabo Technical Center Yogyakarta

gaps

Lack of data base and Coordination at Local GovernmentNo support from Scientific Base organizationLevel of knowledge on disaster and experience of the community

HOW to fill the gapsStrengthening

LOCAL Government ( District Level)Support from National Level: assignment of Acting Coordinator at Provincial Level ( Academician is preferable)Clear Job Description of Officers in ChargeTraining for CoordinatorsTraining for NGOs on Disaster Management

Community LevelParticipatory Action researchTraining for Local leadersInformation Center managed by communityRecognition of activities by the authority

Chairman : Minister Coordinator of Public Welfare

Members :Minister of Internal Affair Minister of Forestry and PlantationMinister of Security and Defence State Minister of EnvironmentalMinister of Social Affairs State Minister of Research and TechMinister of Health Minister of InformationMinister of Public Works Armed Forces CommanderMinister of Transportation State Minister of NationalMinister of Agriculture Development Planning

Local Governor

Chairman of the Working Group

Chairman : GovernorVice Chairman I : Arm Forces Commander

Vice Chairman II : Police CommanderExecutive Chairman : Deputy Governor

Secretary :Civil Defence Commander

MembersVertical Gov. OfficerProvinsial Officers

Territorial Commander

Red CrossScout Organization

Non-Government OrganizationBusinessmen

Team in Charge Team in Charge:

Team in Charge Team in Charge

Chairman : Head of District/MayorVice Chairman I : District Arm Forces Commander

Vice Chairman II : District Police CommanderExecutive Chairman : Head of Civil Defence Office

Secretary :Assistant District Secretary

District Disaster Relief

Members :Vertical Gov. OfficerProvinsial Officers

Territorial Commander

Red CrossScout Organization

Non-Government OrganizationBusinessmen

Task ForceSATGAS

Task ForceSATGAS

Task ForceSATGAS