How to Perform Your Salah 2

8/14/2019 How to Perform Your Salah 2

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Directon o f Kaaba from various Cities

CHAPTER IIBADAH

The word Ibadah comes from the Arabic "Abd", which means slave orservant. Man is a born subject and servant of Allah. When he turns to Allahwith humil ity an d devotion, he performs an act of Ibadah. Ibadah is a meansfo r pur i fy ing man's physical an d spiri tual l i f e . In Islam, every good deedper fo rmed to seek the pleasure of Alla h is an act of worship.The obl igatory ri tuals of Ibadah are prayers (salah), fasting (saum), zaka t,p i lgr image (hajj), and struggl ing in the way of A llah (jehad). These along withI'man ar e often cal led the pil lars of Islam. Islam is an integral whole. It coversal l aspects of m a n ' s life. T he pil lars unite al l human activities, spiri tual an dmater i a l , indiv idua l an d collective.The obligatory rituals o f Ibadah make "faith" (Imari) to play a practicalan d effective role in hu m a n life. Ibadah is therefore something positive. It isth e means by which th e faithfuls ca n serve Allah as well as their fellow m e n .Th e Salah, which is the subject of this booklet, is an essential part of Ib a d a h .The Prophet is reported to have said, "Salah is the pil lar of Islam and whosoev erabandons i t , demol i shes th e very p i l l a r of rel igion".

C HAP T E R II

TAHARAHBefore a person can say his prayer, he must be clean and pure. The Quransays "Truly Allah loves those w ho turn to Him and those w ho care fo r cleanl i-ness". Cleanliness of mind, of body, and of clothes is cal led Taharah or puri-fication. It is only in such a con dition of purification that a M usl im may performthe Salah.Purification of the body is attained by partia l or total washing with cleanwater. T he partial wash is k n o w n as Al-Wudhu or the ablution, and the totalwash is called Al-ghusl or the washin g (bath) of the whole body.

Th e process of performing Al -Wudhu is as follows:Men t i o n th e nameof Al l ahby saying"Bismi l l ah-AR-Rahman-AR-Raheem"(in the nam e of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful).Wash both hands up to the wrists together three t imes, ensuring tha t everypart including between th e fingers is wetted by w ater as shown in figures I, (a)and (b).

(a) F ig I5

(b)


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T a k i n g a h a n d f u l o f water into th em o u t h , r i n se t he mouth three times a s shownin f i g u r e 2 .

F ig 2S n u f f water c o n t a i n e d i n th e right palm i n t o th e nose an d then eject th e.va ter wi th th e left hand ( th r ice ) as shown i n f i gures 3 and 4 .

Fi g 3 Fig 4Wash the f ace , ear to ear, forehead to c h i n , three times as in figures 5 and 6.

Fi g 5 Fi g 6

Wash the right arm thoroughly fromwrist to elbow three times. Repeat the samewith the left handas shown in figure 7.

Fi g 7

R un moistened hands over th e head fromfo reh ead to the back and back to the fore-head (once)as in figures R , 9 and 10.

F ig 8

Fig 9

Run moistened fingers through the ears,the first finger of each hand going across thei ns ide of the corresponding ear, whi le thethumb runs across the outside (once)asshown in f igure 11.

Fi g 111

Fig 10


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W a s h b o t h feet up to the ank le s s t a r t i n gf rom the r igh t and ensu r ing t h a t a ll p a r t spar t icu l ar ly be tween the toes are wet tedas s h o w n in f igure 12. If you had p e r f o r m e dcomple t e "Wudhu", before p u t t i n g o n y o u rsocks o r s t o c k i n g s , it is not necessa ry to re-remove them w h e n y o u w a n t to repeat thep e r f o r m a n c e of " A l - W u d h u " . I t i s enoug h towipe o v e r th e s t o c k i n g e d feet with w et h a n d s .T h i s may be done for a per iod of one day ,( a n d th ree days o n j o u r n e y ) on the c o n d i t i o nt h a t th e socks or s tock ing s are neve r r e m o v e d . Fig 12I f they ar e r e m o v e d , it is necessa ry to re-wash th e feet fo r A l - W u d h u . T he processe n d s with the r ec i t a t ion of t he Ka l im a tu Ash-Shahadah,

A S H H A D U A N L A I L A H A I L A L L A H W A S H H A D U ANNAM U H A M M A D A R R A S U L U L L A H

A fresh p e r f o r m a n c e of A l - W u d h u is necessary i f one breaks wind, touchesgeni t a l s , or becomes s exua l l y exc i t ed , or pays a visit to the lavatory, or fal l si n t o s leep l y ing d o w n , o r v o m i t s v io l en t l y , o r incu rs a f low of b lood f rom ani n j u r y , or a f l ow o f i m p u r e f l u id .A L - G H U S L (The Wash ing or Ba th )

T he g r e a t e r pur i f i c a t i on , Al-Ghusl , i s o b l i g a t o r y w h e n one is defiled as are su l t of n oc tu rna l emiss ion (or a wet dream ) , mar i t a l in t e rcourse , ch ild b i r th ,o r w h e n ente r ing in to t he fold of I s lam.T he p r o c e d u r e is as fo l l ows :Beg in w i th t h e n a m e o f A l l a h a s f o r A l - W u d u . Wash the hands and theaffected par t s of t he b o d y w i t h w a t e r to r e m o v e an y i m p u r i t y . Per form Al-Wudhuas above . Then w ash the whole body th ree t imes , us ing c lean wa ter for eachwash.T A Y A M M U M ( D r y a b l u t i o n )

On cer t a in occas ions , i t may become e i ther impo ss ib le ( e.g . when wa tercannot be f o u n d or jus t enoug h for dr ink ing is ava i lab le) , o r i t is dangerous ,because of illness, to us e water fo r A l - W u d h u or Al-Ghusl . In such situations,T a y a m m u m ( d r y a b l u t i o n ) is p e r f o r m e d . T he p r o c ed u r e :Begin wi th th e n a m e of Allah. Str ike both pa lms on sand, or a n y t h i n gc o n t a i n i n g s a n d o r d u s t , l ike a wal l or a s t on e e t c . Pass t he pa lms of t he handsover th e face once . S t r ike the sand e t c , aga in w i t h t he pa lms. Rub the r igh th a n d w i t h th e left pa lm f rom th e w r i s t to the e lbow an d s imi l a r l y for theleft h a n d wi th th e r i g h t p a l m . F in ish wi th th e K a l i m a t u Ash-Shahadah a sf o r A l - W u d h u .8

Diagram showing Timings of Daily PrayersC H A P T E R II I

TH E CONDUCT OF SALAHIn this sect ion, some gu ide l ines for the correct p erform ance of Salah areg iven .T he most impor t ant pre-requisite, Al-Wudhu ( ab lu tion) , is explained in thel a s t chapte r . O ther im por t ant condi t ions are:

1 . TIMEEach of the salah m u s t be offered at or d u r i n g its proper t ime . No s a l ah


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can be said before its time. There are five obligatory prayers in a day.Fajr - the morning prayer.Zuhr - theearly afternoon prayer.Asr the late afternoon prayer.Maghrib the sun-set prayer.Isha the night prayer.

2. DRESSBefore offer ing your salah make sure that you are properly dressed. Form en and boys the dress should be such that it covers their bodies f rom the nave lto the knees at least.W o m e n are required to cover themselves f rom head to foot, leaving onlyth e face an d hands uncovered. T he dress fo r salah must be clean an d free fromal l filth. During the monthly period women are free f rom the obligation of salat.3. PLACE

Wherever a man might be, he can turn towards Allah in salah and in de-votion. The prophet has said, "The (whole of the) earth has been rendered form e a mosque:pure and clean". Preferably salah is to beoffered in jama'atcon-gregation. Whenever possible, one should pray facing the Ka'ba, Mecca.FARDH or NAAFILLAH

Salah is composed of the Fardh (Obligatory) and theNaafillah (superogatory)prayers.The Fardh salat are five in a day. Failure to perform any one of them is ablameable sin. The naafillah includes the sunnah, which the Prophet used tope rfo rm regularly before or after each Fardh Salah.PRAYERS IN SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES

W h e n in circumstances where it is not possible to pray, o r wheno n ourney,yo u are permitted to shorten salah. Such a shortened prayer is known as Salat-tul-Qasr.W h e n travelling o n e m a y offer tw o rakats in place of four rakats in Zuhr,A sr and Isha, but there is no change in the two rakats of Fajr and three rakats ofM a g h r i b salah. Besides this concession in Fardh salah, one may leave all theadditional sunnah except the two sunnah rakats of Fajr and the Witr of Ishaprayer . But a section of Muslims do perform sunnah even when on a journey.In case the stay at any one place during the journey exceeds a fortnight,complete salah, with all the Fardh and sunnah rakats, must be offered.If you are sick, y o u m a y offer your salah in a sitting position or l y ing in bed,by making signs in place of the physical movements.In journey, in sickness and in other .emergencies, one is also al lowed tooffer two separate salah jointly. Thus Zuhr and Asr can be said together inth e last part of the period of Zuhr. Maghrib and Isha may also be offereds i m i la r ly towards the end of the Maghrib time (when it is almost dark).10

THE CALL TO PRAYER ADHANTo assemble the Muslims for congregational prayer, "Adhan", or the cal lto prayer is given. The caller (Muazzin) stands facing Ka'aba (Quibla), andraising his hands to his ears calls in a loud voice:

ALLAH- U AKBAR ALLAH-U AKBARAllah is the greatest.ALLAH-U AKBAR

A l l a h is the greatest.A L L A H - U AKBAR

A l l a h is the greatest.ASHHADU ANLA ILAHAI L L A L L A H

Allah is the greatest.ASHHADU ANLA ILAHAI L L A L L A H

I bear witness that there is no deity I bear witness that there i s no deitybut Allah. but Allah.ASHHADU ANNA MUHAMMADAR RASULULLAH

I bear wi tnes s that Muhammad is the Messenger o f Allah.ASHHADU ANNA MUHAMMADAR RASULULLAH

I bear witness that Muhammad i s the Messenger o f Allah.HAYYA ALAS SALAH HAYYA ALAS SALAH

C o m e to prayer. C o m e to prayer.


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H A Y Y A A LA L F A LA H H A Y Y A A LA L FA LA H

C o m e to your Good.A L L A H U A K B A R

C o m e to your Good.A L L A H U A K B A R

Allah is the greatest. Allah is the greatest.LA IL AHA IL LAL L AH

There is no deity bu t Allah.tIn Adhan for Fa j r salah, th e following sentence is added after:H A Y A A L A L FALAH.

AS S AL AT U K HAY R UM MINAN N A U M

Salah is better than sleep.A S S A L A T U K H A Y R U M M I N A N N A U M

Salah is better than sleep.DUA AFTER ADHAN

On comple t ion of the Adhan, Musl ims a re recommended to recite:A L L A H U M - M A R A B A H A Z E HID DA'WA TIT TAM M A T E

O Al lah! Lord of this complete call an d prayer of ours, by the blessing of i t .12

W A S S A LA T IL Q A E M A T E A T E M U H A M M A D A N I L W A S I YL A T A

give to Muhammad his eternal rights of intercession,W A L FADI LATA WAD D A R A J A TAR R A F I ATA

distinction and highest c lass (in paradise),W A B A S H O M A Q A M A M M A H M U D A N I L L A ZZ EE W A A D T A H U

And ra ise him to the promised rank You have promised him.W A R Z U Q N A S H A F A A T A H U Y A U M A L Q I Y A M A T E

and bestow his intercession on us on the day of judg em ent.I N N A K A L A T U K H L E F U L M I ' A A D

Surely You never go back on your w ord .IQ AMAH

After , Adhan when the Musl ims are assembled at the place of worship ,a second call ( I q a m a h ) is recited by one of the group. This signals the start ofthe congregational salah. It is similar to Ad ha n excepl that it is recited fasterbu t in a low er tone and these sentences are recited after HAYA A L A L FALAH:

Q A D Q A M M A T I S S A L A H QAP Q A M M A T I S S A L A H

The prayer has begun. The prayer has begun.1 3


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W A T A B A R A K A S M O K A W A T A ' A L A JA D D O K AC H A P T E R IV

THE CONTENTS OF SALAHSalah in I s lam is a u n i q u e in s t i tu t ion . It br ings m an closer to Al lah b yh a r m o n i s i n g h i s m e n t a l atti txide with phys ical pos ture . In salah, a M u s l i ms u b m i t s comple t e ly himself to his Creator .When you a re sure t ha t you have fulfilled all the necessary condit ionsfo r Salah, you are ready to offer salat . A detailed account of how to say Salahis g iven b e l o w :S ay t o yourse l f t ha t you in t endto offer this salah (Fajr , Zuhr, Asr,M a g h r i b or Isha) Fardh or S u n n a h .Then ra ise your hands to y o u rears (as in f igure 1) s a y i n g :

A L L A H U A K B A R

A l l a h is the greatest

F i g . 2

F/g 7N o w plac ing your r igh t hand onth e left , jus t be low, above or on thenavel (as shown in f ig ure 2) recite thefo l lowing :

S U B H A N A KA A L L A H U M M AW A B I H A M D I K A ," \3&&&\&& 1 1

O Al lah , G lo r i f ied , p r a i s e w o r t h y

and b lessed is Thy name and ex a l t ed Thy Majes tyW A L A I L A H A G H A Y R O K A

and there i s no de i ty wo r thy of worsh ip except Thee .A ' U Z U B I L L A H I M I N A S H A I T A N I R R A J I M

I seek re fuge in A l l a h f rom th e rejected SatanB I S M I LA'HIR R A H M A N IR R A H I M

In the n a m e o f A l l a h , th e Beneficent, th e Merc i fu l .Af te r this recite th e opening Surah , Al-Fat iha :A L H A M D O LIL LAHI R A B B I L A ' L A M I N

Praise be for Al lah , Lord of the wor lds ,A R R A H M A N I R R A H I M

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th e Beneficent," th e Merci fu l .M A L 1 K I Y A U M I D D I N

Master o f t he day of judg ement .I Y Y A K A N A B U D O W A 1 Y Y A K A N A S T A E E N

T h e e a l o n e w e w o r s h i p and to T h e e a l o n e w e t u r n fo r help .1514


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IH DI NAS S I R A T AL MUS T A Q E E M A

Guide us in the straight path,S IR A T A L L A Z I N A A N A M T A A L A I H I M

th e path o f those whom You favouredG H A I R I L M A G H D U BI A L A I H I M

who d id no t deserve Thy angerW A LA D DALLS LIN (AMIN) .

o r we n t as tray .Now reci te the following or any other passage from the Holy Qur'an:B I S M I L L L A H IR R A H M A N IR R A H I MIn the n a m e of Allah , th e Beneficent, th e Merciful

Q U L H O W A L L A H O A H A D

Say: Al lah is one and the only God.A L L A H H U S S A M A D

fed?Allah , upon whom a l l depend .

LA M V A L I D W A L A M Y U L A D

He begets not , nor He is begotten,16

W A L A M Y A ' K U L L A H UK U F U WAN A H A D

and there is nothing which can becompared to H i m .Now bow down saying:

A L L A H U A K B A R

Allah is the greatest.Place your hands on your kneesand in this inclined position (Rakuas shown in f i gu re 3) recite thesewords thrice:

F ig 4

Fi g 3

SUBHA NARAB BI YAL AZIM

Glory to my Lord th e great .

Then come to the standing posi t ion(Fig. 4) say ing:

S A M I A L L A H U L I MANK A M I DAH

Allah has heard all who praise him

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RAB BA NA LAKAL HAMD

Our Lord : Praise be to TheeN ow saying "Allahu Akbar"

Prostrate on the g r o u n d w i t h y o u rforehead, the knees, the nose andpa lms of both hands t ouch ing th egroun d. In t h is pos i t ion (Sajdah asin f igure 5) repeat these wo rds threet imes at least :SUBHANA RAB BI YAL A'LA

Glory to my Lord, th e m o s t h i g h .

S i t upr igh t w i th knees s t i ll on the g round and a f t e r a m omen t ' s res t per formthe second Sa jdah saying :A L L A H U A K B A R

A l l a h is the greatest .In th e second sajjadah as before r ec i t e th e fol lowing w o r d s th r ice :

S U B H A N A R A B B I Y A L A'LA

Glory t o my Lord the most h igh .This completes one r a k a h of salat . The second r a k a h is said in the sam ew ay except t ha t af ter the second Sajdah you sit back, with the lef t f oo t b e n ttowards t he r igh t , w h ich should be p laced ve r t ica l t o t he ma t w i t h the toestouch ing the ma t . The pa lms should be l i f ted f rom t he ma t and p laced on theknees .

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Fi g 6 F ig 7In this posit ion (Q ?A D A H a s shown in f i gures 6 and 7) silent ly say thesew o r d s (Tashahhud);

A T T A HIY Y A T O LIL L A H I W A S S A L A W A T O W A T A Y YI B A T O

Al l prayer s and worsh ip through words , ac t ion and sanc t i t y a re for Al lah only .A S SA LA MO ALAIKA AY YO HAN NA BIY YO

Peace be on y o u , O Prophet ,W A R A H M A T U L L A H I W A B A R A K A T O H U

and M ercy of Al lah and His blessings19


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A S S A L A M U A LA 1N A W A AL A IB A OIL LA H I S SALT H E E N

Peace be on us and on those who a re r ighteous servants of Allah.A SH H A D U A L LA I LA H A I L LA LA H O

I bear witness to the fact that there is no deity bu t AllahW A A S H H A D U A N N A M U H A M M A D A N A B D U H U W A R A S U L U H

and I bear witness that M u h a m m a d is His slave an d messengerIn a three rakah (i.e. Maghrib) o r fou r rakah (l ike Zuhr, Asr and Isha)salah yo u stand up for the remain ing rakah a f ter Tashahhud. On the otherhand if it is a two rakah (Fajr) salah, keep sitting an d after this recite darood(blessing fo r th e Prophet) in these words :A L L A H H U M M A S A L L I A L A M U H A M M A D D I N W A A L'A A A LIM U H A M M A D I N

O Allah , exal t Muhammad and the followers of M u h a m m a d ,K A M AA S AL L AY T A AL A I B R A H E E M A W A A L A A A L II B R A H E E M A

A s Thou di d exal t Ibrahim and his followersI N N A K A H A M E E D U M M A J E ED

Thou art the praised, th e Glor ious.20

A L L A H U M M A B A A R I K A L A M U H A M M A D I N

O Allah, bless MuhammadW A A L A A A LI M U H A M M A D I N

and his followersK A MAA B A R AK T A AT A I B R A H E E M A W A A L A A A L I I B R A H E E M A

as Thou has blest Ibrahim and his followers.INNA K A H A M E E D U N M A J E E D

Thou art the Praised, th e Glorious.Then sa y silently :RA B B I J- A LN I MU Q I MU S- SA LA T E W A M 1 N ZU RR1Y Y A T I ,

-.'

O Lo r d ! M a k e m e a n d m y children steadfast in Prayer;R AB B ANA W A T A Q A B B A L D U A R A B B A N A G H A F I R L I

Our Lord !Accept the prayer . Our Lord !forgive me.W A LI WA LI D A Y Y A W A LI L MU 'MI N E E N A Y A U MAYAQOOM UL HIS AB

and my parents an d believers on the day of j u d g em en t .2 1


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No w turn your face first to the right (as in Fig. 8) saying:A S S A L A M O A L A I KU M W A R A H M A T U L L A H

Peace be on you and Allah's blessings.Then turn your face to the left (as in figure 9) and repeat th e above words(aloud).This completes your two rakah salah. The fou r rakah of Zuhr, Asr andIsha ar e said in an identical manner wi th th e only dif ference tha t in the firittw o rakah of Zuhr an d Asr, Al-Fatiha is said silently while in I sha p rayer it isrecited aloud.I f you are per fo rming a three rakah (like Maghrib) o r a fou r rakah ( l ikeZuhr, Asr and Isha) salah stand u p af ter Tashahud s ay in g A L L A H U A K B A Ran d recite Al-Fatiha. Y ou must remember that Al-Fatiha is always reci tedsflently in the third and fou rth rakah of eve ry salah. When y ou are offeringFardh salah do not recite an y addit ional passage f rom th e Holy Qur 'an a f terAl-Fatiha in the last tw o rakah. A f t e r th e second Sajdah in the f o u r t h r a k a hsa y th e Tashahud, Darood and end w i t h "A S S A LA M O A L A I KU M W ARAH MA TULLAH to each s ide (first right , then left as shown in the abovepictures). This m a r k s the end of Salah.

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C H A P T E R VSUNNAH AND NAAFILLAH OR ADDITIONALPRAYERS

As you can see in the chart below, each Salah is composed of (a) Fard h, theprescribed prayers , (b) S u n n a h and (c) Naaf l l l ah or additional prayers . The H o lyProphet (Peace be upon h im) sa id these add i t iona l p rayers befo re o r a f t er theprescribed (Fardh) prayers . These are therefo re recomm ended . The sequence o fthese addit ional prayers in each salah is given below :N a m e o fSalah

F?jrZuhrA srM a g hr i bIsha

Number of Sunnahbefore Fardh2444

N u m b e r o fFardh24434

Number of Sunnahafter Fardh222

Number ofNaafillah222+3+2

SALAT-UL-WITRT he th ree Rakah p rayers sa id after th e Fardh an d S u n n a h of the Isha iscalled Salat-ul-W itr. It is s trong ly recom men ded in the practice o f Holy Prophet(peace be upon him) and is Wajib (necessary) accord ing to one section ofMus l ims . Others reg ard it a mere Sunnah sa lah .The first two rakah of this salat-ul-Witr ar e said l ike the first two rakah ofthe Mag hr ib p rayers . In the th i rd rakah after Al-Fatiha, reci te some addit ionalsu rah or verses of the Qur 'an .Then , s ay ing A L L A H U AKBAR ra i se your hands above your shou lders ,fold your hands , an d reci te th e fol lowing or any o ther s imi lar Du 'a silent ly.This is ca l led Dua-a l -Qun u t or the prayer o f submission :. A L L A H U M M A INNA N A S T A IN O KA

O A llah , we seek Thy help ,W A NA S T A G H FI R O K A

and ask for Thy fo rgiveness ,W A N U ' M I N O B IK A W A NA T A W A K K A L U A L A I K A

an d believe in Thee and trust in Thee,23


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W A NUTH NI ALAIKAL KHAIR WA NASH KORO KA

and We praise Thee in the best manner and we thank Thee,WA LA NUK FO RO KA WA NAKH LA'O WA NAT ROKO

and "we are not ungrateful and we cast off and forsake himMAN YAF JORO KA ALLAHUM MA IYYA KA NA BODO

w ho disobeys Thee. O Allah, Thee alone do weworship,W A LAKA NO SALLI WA NAS JODO WA ILAIKA NAS'A

and to Thee we pray, and before Thee do we prostrate, to Thee do we turn toW A NA FIDU WA NARJU R A H M A T A K A WA NAKHSHA AZABAKA

in haste, an d hope f o r Thy mercy, a n d w e fea r T hyp u n i s h m e n t .INNA AZABAKA BILL KUF FARI MULHIQ

T hy punishment surely overtakes th e unbelievers.A f t e r this saying ALLAHU AKBAR bo w down in Raku a n d then com-plete th e rest of the prayers l ike th e Maghrib prayers.

The table below gives the details of rakah in each salah:

Name ofSalahFajrZuhr

As rMaghribIsha

PeriodBetween Dawn until SunriseBetween just past noon an dmid-af ternoonBetween mid-afternoon untilbefore sunsetBetween just after sunset untild ar kBetween dark an d shortly be -fore dawn

N u mb e r ofFardhR a k a h2

4434

1st twoR ak ah ,aloud orsilentAloudSilent

A l o u d

BeforeFardh AfterF a r d hSunnah or Naaf i l lah2

44

N o n e4

None2 + 2N o n e2+2

2+2+3+2

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CHAPTER V ISALAH ON SPECIFIC OCCASIONS

JUMA (or Friday) PRAYERBeside the daily salah, the Friday prayer is also obligatory upon M u s l i mmen. F or Muslim women it is not obligatory, but is desirable if they ar e ableto do so without upsetting their household work.The Friday Salah is offered in congregation on Friday at Zuhr time. Firstthe Imam delivers a sermon (Khutbah). Then he leads the congregation in atwo rakah salat. After this two or more rakah of sunnah ornaafillah prayers areoffered ind iv idua l ly .

TARAWIH (or Ramadhan) PRAYERThese prayers are offered during the month of Ramadhan af ter Isha salah.These consist of eight, twelve or twenty rakah, and are offered two by twowith a short rest between every four rakah. They may be said alone but collect-iv e prayers are recommended. These are additional sunnah prayers.THE EID PRAYERS (Salat-uI-Eidain)There are two Bids or occasions of great festivity for the Muslims. Thefirst is called Eid-ul-Fitr or the fes t ival of fastbreaking. It is celebrated on thefirst day of the tenth Islamic month (Shawwal) following Ramadhan, the monthof fasting. It marks great thanks-giving for the Muslims all over the world.The second Eid is the Eid-ul-Adha or the festival of great sacrifice, whichis observed on the tenth of Dhu Al-Hij jah , the last Islamic month. The animalsare sacrificed to celebrate the great sacrifice of the Prophet Ibrahim (peace beupon him).On both these Eids, Eid Prayers are offered in congregation any time aftersunrise and before noon. There is no adhan (call for prayer) or Iqamah (secondcall before congregation). The Eid prayer consists of two rakah (offered justas the two rakah of Juma prayer are said) with six to sixteen additional 'Takbirs'(ALLAHU AKBAR). You say three or more takbirs in the first rakah af ter'Thana' and three or more takbirs in the second rakah before you bow down forRaku.A sermon (khutbah) is delivered by the Imam (leader of the prayer) afterthe two rakah Eid prayer unlike the Juma prayer when it precedes the prayer.The presence of all Muslims, women and children included, is stronglyrecommended.FUNERAL PRAYERSIt is a prayer to Allah for a deceased M u s l i m , and is a common obligationon all Muslims of the locality. The funera l salah is offered in congregation butun l ike other formal prayers, it has neither an y raku (bowing) nor any Sajdah(prostration). Here is the complete sequence of the fune ra l prayer.

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Say ing t akb i r (Al lahu Akbar) wi th the res t o f the congregat ion raise yourhands to yo ur ears , then b r ing them down on , above o r below your navel as informa l prayers wi th r i gh t hand on the left. Then reci te the following praise orT h a n a s i len t ly :S U B H A N A K A L L A H U M M A W A B E H A M D E K A

Glory to A l l a h , and praise be to youW A T A B A R A K A S M O K A WA TA'ALA JADDOKA

W A A L A A A L E IB R A H E E M A

and the followers of Ib rahim

I N N A K A H A M E E D U N M A J E ED

T h o u surely ar t praised an d Magn i f ied .

and b les sed Yo ur nam e and exa l ted i s your Majes tyW A J A L L A S A N A O K A W A L A ILAHA G H A I R O K A

an d Glorious is your praise an d there is n o n e w o r t h y of worship besides You.After Thana aga in ra i se hands to your ears say ing Al lahu Akbar . N owsilent ly reci te the Darood.

A L L A H U M -MA SALLE ALA M U H A M M A D I N

O A l l a h , ex a lt M u h a m m a dW A A L A A A L E M U H A M M A D I N

and the fo l lowers o f MuhammadK A M A S A L L A Y T A A L A I B R A H E E M A

as T h o u ha s ex a l t ed I b r a h i m26

A L L A H U M M A B A R I K A L A M U H A M M A D I N

O Allah , b les s Muhammad

W A A LA A A L E M U H A M M A D I N

and the fo l lowers o f Muhammad

K A M A B A R A K T A ALA. I B R A H E E M A

as Thou has blessed Ibrahim

W A A L A A A L E I B R A H E E M A

an d th e fol lowers of Ibrah im27


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I N N A K A HAMEEDUN M A J EED

Surely Thou art the praised an d Magni f ied .

W A M A N T A W A F F A IT A H U M I N N A F A . T A W A F F A H U A L A L I M A N^*

and be to w h o m yo u give death, cause him to die in the state of Iman (faith).

(a) Now in case th e deceased Muslim is an adult, recite this D u a :A L L A H U M M A G H F I R L E H A Y Y E NA W A M A Y Y E T E N A

O Al lah pa rdon ou r l iving and our dead

W A S H A H E D E N A W A G H A I B E NA

th e present and the absent,

W A S AGHE E R R E NA W A K A B E E R R E N A

(b) If the deceased is an ad ult wom an sub stitute the last two lines with th efollowing:A L L A H U M M A M A N AHY AY T AHA MINNA F A A H YEH A A'LALISLAMO A l lah, she to w hom You accord life among us, cause her to live in the observ-ance of Is l am,W A M A N T A ' W A F F A Y T A H A M I N N A F A TA W A F F A H A A'L AL IMANand she to whom you give death, cause her to die in the state of Iman (faith).(c) If the deceased is a m i n e r a i-. a boy then recite this Dua:

A L L A H U M A J A L H O L A N A F A R T A N

o ur young and the old, O Al lah, Make him our fore-runner,

W A Z A K A R E N A W A U N S A N A A

and the m ales and the females.

A L L A H U M M A M A N A H Y A Y T A H U M I N N A FA A H Y E H I A L A L ISLAM

O Allah , be to who m you accord life among us cause , him to live in the observ-ance of Is l am,28

WA JA LH O LA N A A J R A N W A Z U K H R A N

and make him for us a reward and a t reasure,W A J ' A L H O L A N A S H A F E A N ' W A M O S H A F F A ' A

and m ake him for us a pleader, and accept his pleading .29


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(d) If the deceased is a m i n o r and a gir l , then recite this D ua:A L L A H U M M A J A L H A LA N A FARATN

O A l l a h , m a k e her ou r fore - runner ,W A J A L H A L A N A AJRAN W A Z U K H R A N ,

an d m a k e her for us a r eward and a t reasu re ,W A J ' A L H A L A N A SHAFE'ATAN WA MOSHAFFA'A

an d m a k e her for us a pleader, an d accept he r pleading .Af te r t h is t he Imam aga in saysa loud "Alahu Akbar". The congrega -t ion repeat t hese words s i lently. Thenth e Imam and the Musl im s turn the i rfaces fi rs t to the r igh t an d then to theleft side saying Assa lam-o-Ala ikumW a R a h m a t u l l a h o n either side.Personal Prayer (Du'a) after Salah:When you have comple t ed yourFardh or Sunnah prayer s , y o u m a ypray to Al lah in your own wordsoffering h im pra ise , t hanks-g iv ing orasking for forgiveness fo r yourse l f oro t h e r M u s l i m s or y o u r ow n dear an dnear ones . F or this D ua keep sittingaf ter t he obl iga tory or Sunnahprayers, hold up y o u r h a n d s n e a reach other with th e p a l m s up andf ingers s l ightly b e n t in (as s h o w n inf igure 10). In this posi t ion you mayoffer anyone of t hese or o ther per -sonal p r a y e r s :

F ig 1 030

A L L A H U M M A A N T A S SA L A M W A M IN K A S S A L A A M

O A l l a h , You are the A u t h o r of peace an d f rom yo u comes peace .

T A B A R A K T A Y A Z A L J A L A L E W A L I K R A M

Blessed a re You, O Lord of Majes ty and H onour .

A L L A H U M M A G H F 1 R L I W A L E W A L E D Y Y A W A L E U S T A ZI

O A l l a h , fo rg ive me and my pa rent s and my t eacher s ,

W A L E J A M l ' I L M U E M E N E E N A W A L M U S L E M E E N AW A L M U S L E M A T E('J >J\\x ^3 1 >A\' '. > '-" 3\ v ' if^\jdl^b (^h^\ ^

and all the be l iev ing men and w o m e n an d o b e d i e n t men and w o m e n w i t h y o u rmercy ,

B E R A H M A T EK A Y A A R H A M A R R A H E M E E N

O M o s t Merc i fu l of ( a l l ) t hose who show m e r c y .3 1


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Sajdah Sahw (Prostration of Omission)To err is human. If you make some slight error in your formal prayers,w h e n you a re in doubt, i f you said more o r less or omitted something important,you can compensate for this by making two extra prostrations (Sajdah) liketh e ones y ou make in every rakah o f your formal prayers. After th e second sajdah(prostration) in the last rakah of formal prayer recite the "Attahiyyatu" orTashhud s i lently s i t t ing on your left foot. Then turn your face to the right sides a y in g " A s s a l a a m - O - A l a i k u m Wa Rahmatullah". Now make the two extraprostrations (sajdah), resume th e sitting position as before an d recite t h r o u g hTashahud, Darood, and Dua and end with Salam on both sides as usual. Thesetw o extra prostrations, which ar e made w h e n yo u omit anyone of the essentialsof Salat, or when you are in doubt as to the number of rakah or sajdah offered,are called Sujoodus Sahw or "Prostrations of Omissions". The Sujood-us-Sahwm ay also be offered just be fo re Salam ( A s s l am - o - A l a i k um W a Rahmatullah).

Documents

How to Perform Your Salah 2