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http://www.wisc-online.com/http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=NUR3103ID=NUR3103 Hormone game show Hormone game show

The Endocrine The Endocrine SystemSystem

The Second Control System of The Second Control System of the Bodythe Body

I. The Endocrine System I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Functionand Hormone Function

A. The Endocrine system A. The Endocrine system helps to helps to coordinate and coordinate and control the activitiescontrol the activities of our of our bodybody’’s cells. This system s cells. This system is usually working closely is usually working closely with the with the Nervous System.Nervous System.

1. The Endocrine system is not 1. The Endocrine system is not ““built for speedbuilt for speed”” like the like the nervous system is but is still nervous system is but is still able to cause major able to cause major physiological changes and physiological changes and maintain homeostasis maintain homeostasis within within the body.the body.


B. The Chemistry of B. The Chemistry of HormonesHormones

2. 2. Hormones are the Hormones are the chemical forcechemical force of the of the endocrine system. They endocrine system. They are the are the messengers messengers released by glandsreleased by glands that that cause changes within cause changes within the body. Ex. Growth, the body. Ex. Growth, reproduction, reproduction, homeostasis and homeostasis and metabolism.metabolism.


3. All hormones can be 3. All hormones can be classified as classified as amino acid amino acid based or steroid.based or steroid.

A. Amino acid based A. Amino acid based hormone are hormone are proteins, peptides and amines. (most hormones are amino acid based)

B. Steroid hormones B. Steroid hormones are made from are made from cholesterol (ex. cholesterol (ex. Testosterone, Testosterone, progesterone, progesterone, aldosterone)aldosterone)

C. Protaglandins are C. Protaglandins are made from made from lipidslipids


C. Mechanisms of C. Mechanisms of Hormone ActionHormone Action

4. Hormones affect only 4. Hormones affect only certain tissues or organs certain tissues or organs ((target cells or organs)target cells or organs)

5. 5. Steroid hormones Steroid hormones diffuse into the target diffuse into the target cell and activate protein cell and activate protein synthesis.synthesis. This explains This explains how birth control and how birth control and patches work, but an patches work, but an insulin patch would not insulin patch would not be effective because it is be effective because it is an amino acid hormone.an amino acid hormone.

I. The Endocrine System I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Functionand Hormone Function 6. 6. Amino acid hormones Amino acid hormones

bind to a receptorbind to a receptor on the on the target cell and sets off a target cell and sets off a series of reactions inside series of reactions inside the cell.the cell.

7. Hormones cause one 7. Hormones cause one of the four changes: of the four changes: changes in the plasma changes in the plasma membrane electrical membrane electrical state, state, synthesis of synthesis of proteins, activation or proteins, activation or deactivation of deactivation of enzymes,enzymes, or stimulation or stimulation of mitosis.of mitosis.


D. Control of Hormone ReleaseD. Control of Hormone Release 1. Hormone levels in the 1. Hormone levels in the

blood are blood are maintained by maintained by negative feedback negative feedback mechanismsmechanisms. For example: . For example: You eat a candy bar at lunch -You eat a candy bar at lunch -> your > your blood sugar levels riseblood sugar levels rise -> cells of the pancreas are -> cells of the pancreas are activated and release insulin activated and release insulin into the blood -> body cells into the blood -> body cells are triggered by insulin to take are triggered by insulin to take up glucose -> up glucose -> blood glucose blood glucose levels declinelevels decline -> -> pancreas pancreas stopsstops releasing insulin releasing insulin

I. The Endocrine System I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Functionand Hormone Function 2. There are three ways that endocrine 2. There are three ways that endocrine

glands can be activated:glands can be activated: A. A. HormonalHormonal- activation from - activation from other other

hormoneshormones B. B. Humoral-Humoral- activation by activation by changing blood changing blood

levelslevels of certain ions (like calcium) of certain ions (like calcium) C. C. NeuralNeural- activation by - activation by nerve impulsesnerve impulses

Control Pathways Control Pathways and and Feedback LoopsFeedback Loops

Complete the hormone chart Complete the hormone chart by using your by using your textbook and iPad if needed. textbook and iPad if needed.

The function of the hormone is filled out for you, The function of the hormone is filled out for you, you need to Identify the hormone name, and for you need to Identify the hormone name, and for some some there is a blank for a HYPO or HYPER there is a blank for a HYPO or HYPER secretion of that hormone- identify the diseasesecretion of that hormone- identify the disease

Disorders and Related TerminologyDisorders and Related Terminology 1. acromegaly1. acromegaly 2. Addison’s disease2. Addison’s disease 3. Cushing’s syndrome3. Cushing’s syndrome 4. diabetes mellitus4. diabetes mellitus 5. dwarfism5. dwarfism 6. exophthalmos6. exophthalmos 7. gigantism7. gigantism 8. goiter8. goiter

9. glycosuria10. hyperglycemia11. hyperthyroidism12. hypoglycemia13. hypothyroidism14. polydipsia15. polyphagia16. tetany

II. Major Endocrine Glands II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormonesand Their Hormones

A. A. Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland- hangs by a stalk - hangs by a stalk from the hypothalamus and has from the hypothalamus and has two two functional lobesfunctional lobes- the anterior - the anterior (glandular tissue) and posterior (glandular tissue) and posterior (nervous tissue)(nervous tissue)

1. Hormones of the anterior pituitary include:1. Hormones of the anterior pituitary include: A. Growth Hormone- A. Growth Hormone- stimulates growth stimulates growth

and metabolism (acromegaly of feet in and metabolism (acromegaly of feet in picture)picture)

B. Prolactin- stimulates B. Prolactin- stimulates milk productionmilk production


C. Follicle stimulating C. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)- stimulates hormone (FSH)- stimulates production of egg and spermproduction of egg and sperm

D. Leutinizing Hormone (LH)- D. Leutinizing Hormone (LH)- stimulates stimulates ovaries to release ovaries to release egg and testes to produce egg and testes to produce testosteronetestosterone

E. Thyroid Stimulating (TSH)- E. Thyroid Stimulating (TSH)- stimulates thyroid glandstimulates thyroid gland

F. Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)- F. Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)- stimulates stimulates adrenal glandsadrenal glands


2. Hormones of the 2. Hormones of the posterior pituitaryposterior pituitary::

A. Oxytocin- A. Oxytocin- stimulates stimulates contractions of contractions of the uterus during the uterus during laborlabor

B. Antidiuretic- B. Antidiuretic- decreases urine decreases urine to increase water to increase water absorptionabsorption


B. B. ThyroidThyroid Gland- Gland- found at the base of found at the base of the throatthe throat

3. Hormones include:3. Hormones include:

A. Thyroid hormone- A. Thyroid hormone- the the major major metabolic hormone metabolic hormone (thyroxine or T4, (thyroxine or T4, and T3)and T3)

B. Calcitonin- B. Calcitonin- reduces blood reduces blood calcium levelscalcium levels by by causing its causing its deposition to bonedeposition to bone


C. C. ParathyroidParathyroid glands- glands- tiny masses on the tiny masses on the posterior thyroidposterior thyroid

4. Hormones 4. Hormones include:include:

A. Parathyroid A. Parathyroid hormone- hormone- raises blood raises blood calciumcalcium by by stimulating stimulating osteoclasts to osteoclasts to remove calcium remove calcium from bonefrom bone


D. D. AdrenalAdrenal Glands- sit on Glands- sit on top of the top of the kidneyskidneys

5. Hormones include:5. Hormones include:

A. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine- A. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine- ““Fight-Fight-or-Flightor-Flight”” hormones- increase blood hormones- increase blood glucose, increase rate of metabolism, glucose, increase rate of metabolism, constrict certain blood vesselsconstrict certain blood vessels

Kennedy had AddisonKennedy had Addison’’s Disease- s Disease- Hyposecretion of adrenal hormonesHyposecretion of adrenal hormones

Cushing’s disease- hypersecretion of cortisol Cushing’s disease- hypersecretion of cortisol (adrenal hormone)(adrenal hormone)

Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms of Addison's disease usually develop slowly, often over several months, and may include:Muscle weakness and fatigue Weight loss and decreased appetite Darkening of your skin (hyperpigmentation) Low blood pressure, even fainting Salt craving Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Nausea, diarrhea or vomiting Irritability Depression

Other Adrenal gland Other Adrenal gland hormoneshormones GlucocorticoidsGlucocorticoids

(steroid (steroid hormones)hormones) Cortisol- long term Cortisol- long term

stress hormonesstress hormones Cushing’s disease, Cushing’s disease,

hypersecretion of hypersecretion of

cortisolcortisol

Mineralocorticoids- Mineralocorticoids- (Steroid (Steroid

hormones)hormones) AldosteroneAldosterone- targets - targets

kidneys to regulate kidneys to regulate salt content of blood salt content of blood which regulates water which regulates water balance in the bodybalance in the body

Flashcard Warm-up May Flashcard Warm-up May 66thth #17 #17

Hormones Hormones produced by the produced by the Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland Anterior Lobe: Anterior Lobe: Posterior Lobe:Posterior Lobe:


E. E. PancreasPancreas- the - the Islets of Islets of Langerhans CellsLangerhans Cells produce produce the hormones (alpha cells the hormones (alpha cells produce glucagon, beta produce glucagon, beta cells produce insulincells produce insulin

6. Hormones include:6. Hormones include: A. Insulin- to A. Insulin- to reduce reduce

blood sugar (produced blood sugar (produced by beta cells)by beta cells)

B. Glucagon- to B. Glucagon- to raise raise blood sugar blood sugar


F. F. Pineal Gland-Pineal Gland- found on third found on third ventricle of brainventricle of brain

7. Hormones 7. Hormones include:include:

Melatonin- helps Melatonin- helps establish the establish the bodybody’’s wake and s wake and sleep cyclessleep cycles


G. G. Thymus-Thymus- located located posterior to posterior to sternum, is largest sternum, is largest in infants and in infants and children and children and decreases in size as decreases in size as we age.we age.

8. Hormones include:8. Hormones include: Thymosin- Thymosin-

matures white matures white blood cells (T cells)blood cells (T cells)


H. H. TestesTestes 9. Hormones include:9. Hormones include:

A. Androgens- A. Androgens- support support sperm formationsperm formation and male and male secondary sex secondary sex characteristics, (growth of characteristics, (growth of muscle and bone mass, muscle and bone mass, deepening of the voice, deepening of the voice, facial hair, etc.)facial hair, etc.)

Examples include Examples include Testosterone, which Testosterone, which stimulates sperm formationstimulates sperm formation


I. I. OvariesOvaries10. Hormones include:10. Hormones include:

A. Estrogen- A. Estrogen- stimulate stimulate uterine uterine lining growth,lining growth, development of development of female secondary female secondary sex characteristics sex characteristics

B. Progesterone- B. Progesterone- promotes promotes growth growth of uterine liningof uterine lining

Diabetes- an epidemic!!Diabetes- an epidemic!! An estimated 23.6 million people in the United States—An estimated 23.6 million people in the United States— 7.8 7.8 percent of the population—have diabetes, a serious lifelong percent of the population—have diabetes, a serious lifelong condition. Of those, 17.9 million have been diagnosed, and condition. Of those, 17.9 million have been diagnosed, and 5.7 million have not yet been diagnosed. In 2007, about 1.6 5.7 million have not yet been diagnosed. In 2007, about 1.6 million people ages 20 or older were diagnosed with diabetes.million people ages 20 or older were diagnosed with diabetes.

2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimates of total 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimates of total prevalence—both diagnosed and undiagnosed—were projected to year prevalence—both diagnosed and undiagnosed—were projected to year 20072007

Type I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune disorderType I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune disorder Type II –Adult onset-About 90 to 95 percent of people with Type II –Adult onset-About 90 to 95 percent of people with

diabetes have type 2. This form of diabetes is mostdiabetes have type 2. This form of diabetes is most often associated with older age, obesity, family history of often associated with older age, obesity, family history of

diabetes, previous history of gestational diabetes, physical diabetes, previous history of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, and certain ethnicities. About 80percent of people with inactivity, and certain ethnicities. About 80percent of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight.type 2 diabetes are overweight.

DIABETES DIABETES MELLITUSMELLITUS A chronic disease A chronic disease

marked by high marked by high levels levels of blood of blood sugarsugar

Can be caused by too Can be caused by too little insulin, little insulin,

resistanceresistance to to insulin or bothinsulin or both

Type I- Juvenile onsetType I- Juvenile onset Type II- Adult-onset, Type II- Adult-onset,

can be can be prevented with prevented with

lifestyle choiceslifestyle choices

Who is STAN?Who is STAN?

Stan is a type 2 DiabeticStan is a type 2 Diabetic

Types of DiabetesTypes of Diabetes Type I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune Type I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune

disorderdisorder Type II –Adult onset-About 90 to 95 percent Type II –Adult onset-About 90 to 95 percent

of people with diabetes have type 2. Thisof people with diabetes have type 2. This form of diabetes is most often associated form of diabetes is most often associated with older age, obesity, family history of with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes,previous history of gestational diabetes,previous history of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, and certain diabetes, physical inactivity, and certain ethnicities. About 80 percent of people ethnicities. About 80 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight.with type 2 diabetes are overweight.

Diabetes videoDiabetes videoYoutube, diabetic rapYoutube, diabetic rap

http://http://video.answers.covideo.answers.com/how-diabetes-m/how-diabetes-affects-the-body-affects-the-body-326720866326720866

Explains how the Explains how the body does not body does not responsd to responsd to insulininsulin

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Osmosis screencastOsmosis screencast

Hormone MatchingHormone Matching

In groups, match the GLAND picture In groups, match the GLAND picture with the HORMONES with the HORMONES

THEN, match the FUNCTION card THEN, match the FUNCTION card with the HORMONE cardwith the HORMONE card

Let me CHECK your answers when Let me CHECK your answers when completed completed

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