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HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE HGH

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ANABOLIC STEROIDS- They increase muscle mass and develop bone growth, therefore increase strength, while at the same time allow the athlete to train harder. It can also increase aggression. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ANABOLIC STEROIDS- They increase muscle mass and develop bone growth, therefore increase strength, while at the same time allow the athlete to train harder. It can also increase aggression.

This is the most common drug used to enhance performance. The drug mimics the male hormone Testosterone. Side effects include the deepening of the voice, facial hair, mood swings and anxiety. liver disease and infertility in women are also common side effects.

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HUMAN GROWTH HORMONEHUMAN GROWTH HORMONEHGHHGH

Naturally occurring hormone that Naturally occurring hormone that regulates growthregulates growthControls muscle, bone, collagen and Controls muscle, bone, collagen and fat metabolismfat metabolismExercise is a major stimulus for HGH Exercise is a major stimulus for HGH productionproductionMay well be the drug of choice across May well be the drug of choice across a range of sprinting and explosive a range of sprinting and explosive activitiesactivities

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Can enhance performance through Can enhance performance through increasing muscle mass and increasing muscle mass and repairing bones, ligaments and repairing bones, ligaments and tendonstendons

The use of HGH was first noted when The use of HGH was first noted when a phial of the substance was found in a phial of the substance was found in a changing room at the 1992 a changing room at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.Barcelona Olympics.

HUMAN GROWTH HORMONEHUMAN GROWTH HORMONEHGHHGH

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Adverse side effects include:Adverse side effects include:Joint painJoint painJoint swellingJoint swellingFluid retentionFluid retentionHigh blood pressureHigh blood pressureAbnormal bone and cartilage growthAbnormal bone and cartilage growthIrregular heart rythmsIrregular heart rythmsDiabetesDiabetesJoint and facial deformitiesJoint and facial deformitiesShut down of pituitary glandShut down of pituitary gland

HUMAN GROWTH HORMONEHUMAN GROWTH HORMONEHGHHGH

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NEW YORK —  Sylvester Stallone says he used NEW YORK —  Sylvester Stallone says he used human growth hormone to get buff for the human growth hormone to get buff for the new "Rambo" movie, and defends its use.new "Rambo" movie, and defends its use."HGH (human growth hormone) is nothing," "HGH (human growth hormone) is nothing," the 61-year-old actor tells Time magazine in the 61-year-old actor tells Time magazine in its Feb. 4 issue. "Anyone who calls it a steroid its Feb. 4 issue. "Anyone who calls it a steroid is grossly misinformed."is grossly misinformed."Because it is nearly undetectable, HGH has Because it is nearly undetectable, HGH has become a substance of great concern in major become a substance of great concern in major league baseball and other sports battling league baseball and other sports battling allegations of rampant doping.allegations of rampant doping."Testosterone to me is so important for a "Testosterone to me is so important for a sense of well-being when you get older," he sense of well-being when you get older," he says. "Everyone over 40 years old would be says. "Everyone over 40 years old would be wise to investigate it because it increases the wise to investigate it because it increases the quality of your life. Mark my words. In 10 quality of your life. Mark my words. In 10 years it will be over the counter."years it will be over the counter."

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BETA BLOCKERSBETA BLOCKERS

Have a calming effect and reduce Have a calming effect and reduce tensiontension

Used in sports where accuracy and a Used in sports where accuracy and a steady hand is required e.g. archery steady hand is required e.g. archery and shootingand shooting

Work by blocking the action of the Work by blocking the action of the sympathetic nervous system which sympathetic nervous system which mediates the ‘fight or flight’ mediates the ‘fight or flight’ response.response.

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BETA BLOCKERSBETA BLOCKERSAdverse effects include:Adverse effects include:

Cold hands and feetCold hands and feet

Tiredness and sleep disturbanceTiredness and sleep disturbance

ImpotenceImpotence

DizzinessDizziness

WheezingWheezing

Digestive tract problemsDigestive tract problems

Skin rashesSkin rashes

Dry eyesDry eyes

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Have a calming effect and reduce tensionUsed in sports where accuracy and a steady hand is required e.g. archery and shooting

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WHAT ARE PROHIBITED METHODS ?

Blood doping is a banned process not a banned drug. If an athlete trains at high altitude, the oxygen carrying capacity of their blood increases. Athletes train at high altitude for a period of time, and then have as much as 2 pints of blood taken from their body, and the red blood cells frozen.

The body’s system quickly recovers and the normal 8 pints of blood is restored.

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Near a competition day, the red blood cells are put back into the athlete’s bloodstream and this process is thought to increase their performance by as much as 20%.

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18861886The first recorded death was in 1886 when The first recorded death was in 1886 when a cyclist, Linton, died from an overdose of a cyclist, Linton, died from an overdose of trimethyl.trimethyl.

19041904The first near death in modern Olympics The first near death in modern Olympics where a marathon runner, Thomas Hicks, where a marathon runner, Thomas Hicks, was using a mixture of brandy and was using a mixture of brandy and strychnine.strychnine.

No specific dateNo specific dateMost drugs involved alcohol and strychnine. Most drugs involved alcohol and strychnine. Heroin, caffeine and cocaine were also Heroin, caffeine and cocaine were also widely used until heroin and cocaine widely used until heroin and cocaine became available only on prescription. became available only on prescription.

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•1930sAmphetamines were produced and quickly became the

choice over strychnine. •1950sThe Soviet team used male hormones to increase power and strength and the Americans developed steroids as a response.•1952One of the first noticeable doping cases involving amphetamines which occurred at the Winter Olympics. Several speed skaters became ill and needed medical attention.•1960At the Olympics, Danish cyclist, Kurt Jensen, collapsed

and died from an amphetamine overdose.•1963Pressure started to mount on the IOC. The Council of Europe set up a Committee on drugs but couldn't decide on a definition of doping.

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19641964There was a noticeable increase in the muscular There was a noticeable increase in the muscular appearance of the athletes at the Olympics and appearance of the athletes at the Olympics and drug use was suspected.drug use was suspected.19671967The IOC took action after the death of Tommy The IOC took action after the death of Tommy Simpson (due to the illegal taking of Simpson (due to the illegal taking of amphetamines) in the Tour de France.amphetamines) in the Tour de France.19681968The IOC decided on a definition of The IOC decided on a definition of doping and developed a banned list of doping and developed a banned list of substances. Testing began at the substances. Testing began at the Olympic gamesOlympic games19881988At the Seoul Olympics, Ben Johnson tested At the Seoul Olympics, Ben Johnson tested positive for a banned anabolic steroid, was positive for a banned anabolic steroid, was stripped of his gold medal and was suspended stripped of his gold medal and was suspended for two years.for two years.

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19881988Drug use had continued. Due to the significance Drug use had continued. Due to the significance of the problem, the Senate Standing Committee of the problem, the Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Arts began on Environment, Recreation and the Arts began an inquiry into the use by Australian sportsmen an inquiry into the use by Australian sportsmen and sportswomen of performance enhancing and sportswomen of performance enhancing drugs and the role to be played by drugs and the role to be played by Commonwealth agencies.Commonwealth agencies.19891989An interim report of the Senate Standing An interim report of the Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Arts was published.Arts was published.19901990A second report of the Senate Standing A second report of the Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Arts was published.Arts was published.

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•1990The Australian Sports Drug Agency was established by the Australian Sports Drug Agency Act 1990 (ASDA Act).•1991The Agency became a statutory authority.

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UK SPORT today launched what it considers to be the world’s most comprehensive and up-to-date on-line drug information service for athletes. The

database will allow athletes, coaches, team doctors and other support staff the opportunity

check the status of most UK licensed pharmaceutical products or licensed substances

according to sport’s anti-doping bible - the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code (the list published by the IOC and WADA about what is

prohibited in sport).

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THE WORLD ANTI-THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY DOPING AGENCY

(WADA)(WADA)

The World Anti-Doping Agency The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was established on 10 (WADA) was established on 10

November 1999. Its mission is to November 1999. Its mission is to promote and coordinate the fight promote and coordinate the fight

against doping in sport against doping in sport internationally. Thanks to this internationally. Thanks to this

independent agency, the Olympic independent agency, the Olympic Movement and public authorities Movement and public authorities worldwide are able to intensify worldwide are able to intensify

their efforts to banish drugs from their efforts to banish drugs from sport.sport.

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What is Nandrolone?What is Nandrolone?Simply put, nandrolone is a Simply put, nandrolone is a performance-enhancing performance-enhancing stimulant. stimulant. The current debate centres on The current debate centres on whether it can be produced whether it can be produced naturally. naturally. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone naturally produced by the kidneys. naturally produced by the kidneys. However, this hormone can be However, this hormone can be artificially produced to improve the artificially produced to improve the performance of, for example, athletes performance of, for example, athletes or cyclists by injection.or cyclists by injection.

                                                                                       

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The latest challenge centres on the use of erythopoietin (EPO) which increases blood oxygenation by forming additional red blood cells. This improves stamina and the drug can be produced comparatively cheaply. The first testing of EPO was in 1994. The IOC’s anti doping campaign is based upon three principles:-

1] The protection of the health of the athletes

2] Respect for medical and sports ethics.

3] Ensuring an equal chance for everyone during competition.

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Its overall effect is to increase endurance Its overall effect is to increase endurance and, in athletics, it is used mainly by long and, in athletics, it is used mainly by long distance-runners. distance-runners. It is injected under the skin and stimulates It is injected under the skin and stimulates red blood cell production. red blood cell production. The more red cells there are in your body, The more red cells there are in your body, the more oxygen that can be delivered to the more oxygen that can be delivered to the muscles. the muscles. This delays the onset of fatigue, meaning This delays the onset of fatigue, meaning an athlete can run harder and for longer. an athlete can run harder and for longer.

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Linford Christie: "I've always been against

drugs."

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Past World and Olympic 5000m silver medallist Ali Saidi-Sief tested positive

for the banned steroid nandrolone

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Diane Modahl: Cleared after testing positive for

a banned substance

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Should drugs be usedShould drugs be used

At what point does drug taking put At what point does drug taking put the notion of fair competition into the notion of fair competition into question?question?

How do we stop drug takingHow do we stop drug taking

Should they be used in training?Should they be used in training?

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When it comes to institutionalised doping the former East Germans must surely lead the field. Following the disintegration of East Germany in 1989, it was discovered that a state-sponsored plan had ordered the systematic doping of East German athletes during the 1970s and 80s.

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CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: DWAIN CHAMBERSDWAIN CHAMBERS

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CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: DWAIN CHAMBERSDWAIN CHAMBERS

Dwain Anthony ChambersDwain Anthony Chambers (born 5 April 1978) (born 5 April 1978) is an English is an English sprintersprinter of of Afro-CaribbeanAfro-Caribbean descent. descent. He has won medals on the international stage He has won medals on the international stage numerous times and is one of the fastest numerous times and is one of the fastest European sprinters in the history of recorded European sprinters in the history of recorded athleticsathletics..[1][1] His primary event is the His primary event is the 100 100 metresmetres sprint sprint, in which he has the second fastest time , in which he has the second fastest time by a by a BritishBritish sprinter. sprinter.[2][2] He is the He is the European recordEuropean record holder for the holder for the 60 60 metresmetres and and 4 × 100 4 × 100 metresmetres relay relay events with 6.42 seconds and 37.73 s events with 6.42 seconds and 37.73 s respectively. He received a two-year ban in 2003 respectively. He received a two-year ban in 2003 for taking performance enhancing drugs. for taking performance enhancing drugs.

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CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: DWAIN CHAMBERSDWAIN CHAMBERS

Chambers was a promising young athlete, setting a junior Chambers was a promising young athlete, setting a junior world record of 10.06 s in the 100 m. He was the bronze world record of 10.06 s in the 100 m. He was the bronze medallist in the medallist in the 1999 World Championships1999 World Championships and made his and made his first first OlympicOlympic appearance at the Sydney 2000 Games; he appearance at the Sydney 2000 Games; he turned in the best 100 m performance by a European at turned in the best 100 m performance by a European at both events. By 2001, he had become the top British both events. By 2001, he had become the top British sprinter, breaking the 10 second barrier twice at the sprinter, breaking the 10 second barrier twice at the Edmonton World Championships. He became the 100 m Edmonton World Championships. He became the 100 m European champion and record holder in 2002 but, in European champion and record holder in 2002 but, in October 2003, he tested positive for the banned steroid October 2003, he tested positive for the banned steroid THG in a drugs check. Chambers received a two-year THG in a drugs check. Chambers received a two-year athletics ban, and a lifetime Olympic ban. He had all of his athletics ban, and a lifetime Olympic ban. He had all of his racing accomplishments since 2002 annulled, wiping away racing accomplishments since 2002 annulled, wiping away his 100 m European record. his 100 m European record.

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CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: DWAIN CHAMBERSDWAIN CHAMBERS

Chambers returned to the track and field circuit in June Chambers returned to the track and field circuit in June 2006, and won gold with his teammates in the 4 × 100 m at 2006, and won gold with his teammates in the 4 × 100 m at the 2006 European Championships but a feud with Darren the 2006 European Championships but a feud with Darren Campbell tainted the victory. Disillusioned with athletics, Campbell tainted the victory. Disillusioned with athletics, Chambers joined the Hamburg Sea Devils of the NFL Europa Chambers joined the Hamburg Sea Devils of the NFL Europa league in early 2007. After the league folded, Chambers league in early 2007. After the league folded, Chambers returned to sprinting, winning a silver medal in the 60 m at returned to sprinting, winning a silver medal in the 60 m at the 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and filed the 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and filed unsuccessful appeals of his Olympic ban. He briefly looked unsuccessful appeals of his Olympic ban. He briefly looked to rugby league as an alternative to the hostility he faced to rugby league as an alternative to the hostility he faced from fans and peers in athletics, but his trial with the from fans and peers in athletics, but his trial with the Castleford Tigers was unsuccessful. He has since returned Castleford Tigers was unsuccessful. He has since returned to sprinting and published an autobiography, to sprinting and published an autobiography, Rage Against Rage Against Me.Me.

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““Current rules on drugs aren’t working Current rules on drugs aren’t working and it would be fairer to make drugs and it would be fairer to make drugs

available to everyone”available to everyone” Wilf Paish GB Olympic CoachWilf Paish GB Olympic Coach

Discuss the view that drugs Discuss the view that drugs in the Olympics are an in the Olympics are an acceptable way of enhancing acceptable way of enhancing performance, or does this performance, or does this contradict the Olympic Ideal?contradict the Olympic Ideal?

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Why is drug abuse Why is drug abuse a difficult problem a difficult problem

facing Olympic facing Olympic authorities?authorities?

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ANSWERANSWER

Long history of drug abuseLong history of drug abuseRewardRewardSystematic use of drugs by Eastern Bloc Systematic use of drugs by Eastern Bloc countriescountriesUsed to ensure success / building / super Used to ensure success / building / super powerpowerVast variety of drugs used EPOVast variety of drugs used EPOIOC can only legislate against what is on the IOC can only legislate against what is on the banned list banned list More money spent on drug development More money spent on drug development than testing than testing