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1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015
5G for people and things
Hvordan understøtter mobilkommunikation IoT- i dag og i morgen?
v/professor Preben Mogensen, Aalborg universitet og Nokia Bell Labs.
i
Expanding the human possibilities of technology
Preben Mogensen, Nokia Bell Labs/ Aalborg University
© Nokia 20172
5G support of MBB, mMTC and URLLC
>15 yearson battery
100 Mbpswhenever needed
Ultra Reliable< 10-5 outage
1.000.000devices per km2
10 000x more traffic
mMTCultra low cost
>10 Gbpspeak data rates
<1 msradio latency
Massivemachine type
communication
EnhancedMobile
Broadband
Ultra ReliableLow Latency
communication
Zeromobility
interruption
Range164 dB MCL
Evolution in IoT support
Rel 13:
LTE: LTE-M, NB-IoT
Rel 14
LTE: V2X
Rel 15
LTE UAV communication
NR URLLC
Rel 16
NR: Non Terrestial Networks
NR: Time Sensitive Networks
© Nokia 20173
IoT technologies – GPRS, NB-IoT, LoRa, SigFox
Technology
UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL
Frequency Spectrum [MHz]
863-870(5 channels)
868.1-868.3
869.425-869.625
832-862 791-821 890-915 935-960
Spectrum regulation ISM, unlicensed ISM, unlicensed Licensed Licensed
Max payload @ MCL[bytes]
51 51 12 8 128 85 22 22
Supporting Remote software update
Limited by duty cycle, multicast available
Limited by duty cycle and payload size
Possible using multicast
Possible, no multicast
Maximum Coupling Loss [dB]
154 152 158 161 164 169 144 152
Mode of operation Self-ownedSubscription incl. cloud
serviceMobile Network Operator
© Nokia 20176
Brief Summary of eMTC and NB-IoT Evolution
I. KEY LTE-M FEATURES
3GPP Release
Features
Rel-13(2016)
Bandwidth limited operations (1.4 MHz), coverage enhancement (CE Mode A/B), half-duplex support, in-band operation mode, RRC connection suspend/resume, data transmission via control plane, extended DRX, mobility support
Rel-14(2017)
Positioning enhancements (E-CID requirements and OTDOA support), multicast support using SC-PTM, larger channel PDSCH/PUSCH bandwidth (up to 5 & 20 MHz), higher data rates, VoLTEenhancements, HARQ-ACK bundling, support inter-frequency measurements
Rel-15(2018)
Reduce latency and power consumption, improve spectral efficiency, support higher UE velocity, lower UE power class, improve load control of idle UEs, eDRX enhancements
I. KEY NB-IOT FEATURES
3GPP Release
Features
Rel-13(2016)
New physical layer channels and signals for 180 kHz RF bandwidth, half-duplex only, 3 modes of operation (stand-alone, in-band, guard-band), single-tone and multi-tone transmission on uplink, RRC connection suspend/resume, data transmission via control plane, extended DRX, only idle-mode mobility
Rel-14(2017)
Positioning enhancements (E-CID requirements and OTDOA support), multicast support using SC-PTM, support higher data rates, allow paging and random access procedures on non-anchor carriers, new UE power class (14 dBm)
Rel-15(2018)
Reduced latency and power consumption, measurement accuracy improvement, random access reliability and range enhancements, small cell support, support for TDD, access barring enhancement, eDRX enhancements
© Nokia 20177
LoRa & Sigfox link budget measurements in a Bluetestreverberation chamber
T h e l a b e n a b l e s R & D i n a n d a r o u n d A a l b o r g U n i v e r s i t y u s i n g m a j o r w i d e a r e a I o T s o l u t i o n s
IoT Living Lab @ Aalborg University
SMART Aalborg IoT trial: 15 LoRagateways and 200 nodes for indoor climate monitoring with Aalborg municipality and 4 companies
NB-IoT coverage & power consumption measurements in test network in Copenhagen (to be supplemented using Keysight base station emulator)
Monitoring of ocean buoys and lifebuoys using wireless IoT together with North Denmark Region
Measurement of 868 MHz ISM band interference in Aalborg (to be supplemented with Uni of Malaga and Uni of Huddersfield)
Indoor & pit penetration loss studybased on water meter link lossmeasurements with Kamstrup
© Nokia 20178
4 gateways
35 + (100 IoT Devices)
Sensors: Temp, Humidity, pressure, Co2, Vox,
Accelerometer, PIR, Noise, light
© Nokia 20179
[1] 3GPP TR 22.885 “Study on LTE support for Vehicle to Everything (V2X) services”, Rel. 14, Dec 2015[2] 3GPP TR 36.885 “Study on LTE-based V2X services”, Rel. 14, Nov 2015
V2X in LTE Rel 14
E-UTRAN
SL
E-UTRAN
ULDL
RV sends information of the breaking event to the relevant cars
NW forwards the RV information to the relevant cars, using
broadcastRemote Vehicle
Host Vehicles
✓ Latency
x Reliability ?
x Latency
✓ Reliability
Direct V2V (3GPP Scenario 1) Non-direct V2V (3GPP Scenario 2)
© Nokia 201711
Experimental Research PlatformAAU Micro Smart City
Confidential
Drones:• Multi-drone control using V2X and
collision avoidance using V2V• Autonomous delivery demo
Cars:• Calling a cab demo• Platooning as a service• Enhanced inter-section coordination
© Nokia 201712
BVLOS flights provides new opportunities
Use cases
• Intelligent monitoring and surveillance
• Transport and delivery.
• Search and rescue
• Hotspot in the sky
© Nokia 201714
Uplink (drone-to-network) interference at maximum throughputAerial radio measurements
Public WSA 2018, Bochum, Germany
>6dB
A UE on a Drone @100 m height Interfers the network 4 times more than a UE @ Ground level
© Nokia 201715
Industrial Infrastructure Control Hierarchy
MActuators/Sensors
Field Equipment
Cell/Line
Factory
Company
Controller FrameworkDrive Control
Motion ControlLogic Control
Indoor Traffic ControlLogic Control
Manufacturing Operations & Control
Business, Engineering & Logistics Planning
Level 4 Systems (PLM/ERP)
Indoor Mobility Control
Level 3 Systems (MES)
Level 2 Systems (SCADA)
Level 1 Systems (PLC, field bus)
Level 0 Systems <<1ms
1 ms1-10 ms
10ms-10 sec
Min. - hrs
Days- weeks
Potential forWireless
Wired?
Cycle Times
Enterprise IT Domain
Industrial Automation Domain
Value Chain Level 5 Systems (SCM/PLM)
Days- weeksCross-company collaboration
LTE Pro/MF1.1
NR/ MF 2.0
LTE/MF 1.0
© Nokia 201716
Wireless connectivity for Industry 4.0
• Ultra-reliability: 6-sigma, 99.999%, 10-5
• Low latency: <1ms (real-time)
• Complex industrial propagation scenarios
© Nokia 201717
Can we predict reliability of industrial networks to 99.999% level?Factory of the Future
Confidential
Henrik Asplund (Ericsson)
• 3D color scanning of industrial labs (by Rambøll).
• Improved point cloud ray-tracing method (by Aalto University).
• Advanced SDR multi-node radio measurement setup to measure ~1000 links for verification.
© Nokia 201718
FESTO CP Factory MES Protocol Sniffer MeasurementsTraffic Measurements
Confidential
• An initial analysis of basic MES level communication has been conducted:
– mainly TCP/UPD data traffic patterns.
– Next step to setup LTE Private Networks
© Nokia 201719
Device Network
LTE today: Hybrid Mobile Access
Confidential between Nokia and DTAG
Findings:
Multi-modem diversity can improve latency and reliability performance (sacrificing bandwidth)
Multi-modem diversity effectively reduces handover outage in today’s LTE networks
Efficient control of reliability tail, even using2x modems from same operator
A: LTE Operator 1B: LTE Operator 2/modem 1C: LTE Operator 2/modem 2D: LTE Operator 3
Core/IPMobile
Network 1
Mobile Network 2
Hybrid Access GW
Hybrid Access GW
© Nokia 201720
3GPP NR Rel16 Study Item
Non Terrestrial Networks (NTN)
Non-Terrestrial Networks are expected to
• Foster the roll out of 5G services in unserved areas, where terrestrial network deployment are not cost efficient: Isolated areas, remote areas or off-shore
• Reinforce the 5G service reliability by providing service continuity for M2M/IoT on board (fast moving) vessels (airplanes, trains, ships, trucks )
5 G
R A N
5 G
C N
NR viafrequency f2
NR viafrequency f1
5 G
R A N
5 G
C N
NGc/NGu overfrequency f2
NR viafrequency f1
Transparent (bent-pipe)satellite/HAPS
Non Transparent (On Board processor)satellite/HAPS
GatewayGateway