HWH UNIT 2

CHAPTER 4.3

THE EXCEPTION TO ABSOLUTISM: ENGLAND

A CENTURY OF REVOLUTION

• 1603: Elizabeth dies

• 1642-1649: Civil War

• 1649-1660: Monarchy abolished

• 1660-1688: Monarchy again

• 1688: Glorious Revolution

• Parliament made superior to the king

ENGLAND HAS ISSUES IN THE 17TH CENTURY!

• End of the Tudor Dynasty (ruled since 1485)

• Religious Issues

• What will the Church of England’s beliefs and practices be?

• Power Struggle

• Parliament wants more authority over the king (or queen)

JAMES I (r. 1603-1625)

• First of the Stuart dynasty

• Believed in Divine Right absolutism

• Immediately at odds with Parliament

• Taxes

• Religious Issues

• Anglican, but intolerant

• Upset Puritans

CHARLES I (r. 1625-1649)

• Petition of Right (1628)

• Rules without Parliament, 1629-1640

• The Long Parliament (1640-1653)

• Refused to grant Charles new taxes

• Revolt in Scotland

CIVIL WAR, 1642-1649

• 1642: Charles tried to arrest leaders of Parliament

• STRICTLY ILLEGAL

• Parliament forms an army

• Cavaliers vs. Roundheads

• FOR PARLIAMENT

• MIDDLE CLASS

• MANY PURITANS

• FOR THE KING

• NOBILITY

• ANGLICANS

CAVALIERS VS. ROUNDHEADS

CAVALIERS ROUNDHEADAS

EXECUTION OF CHARLES I, 1649

• 1653-1660

• Direct rule by Oliver Cromwell (d.1658)

• “Lord Protector”

• Puritan dictatorship

• No parliament

• 1649-1653

• Rule by parliament

• Imposed Puritan ideas

• Crushed Ireland

THE INTERREGNUM, 1649-1660

The Commonwealth The Protectorate

CHARLES II (r. 1660-1685) AND THE RESTORATION

• Very popular

• Had Catholic sympathies

• Idolized Louis XIV

• Married a French woman

• Smart enough not to challenge Parliament

JAMES II (r. 1685-1688) AND THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION OF 1688

• James II was overtly Catholic

• William and Mary

• The Glorious Revolution of 1688

• The English Bill of Rights

• Parliament is superior to the king

• King must call Parliament

• Only Parliament can tax

• Catholics banned from office

CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT

• Limited (or Constitutional) Monarchy

• Political Parties

• Whigs

• Tories

• The Cabinet System

• Prime Minister

• Robert Walpole

• NOT DEMOCRACY