I II - IRC :: Home · 824 NAOH94 THE REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND Ministry of Agriculture Water and Rural Development Directorate of Rural Water Supply (DRWS)

824 NAOH94

THE REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND

Ministry of Agriculture Waterand Rural Development

Directorate of Rural WaterSupply (DRWS)

Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Finnish International DevelopmentAgency (FINNIDA)

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XAbraryIRC Interryjtlonal'Waterand Sanitation CentreTel.: f 31 70 30 «89 60Pax: 4-81 70116 800 04

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT IN OHANGWENA REGION1

' Approved1? ;;.3.2.i94i::

FINNCONSULTProject No: 28103701-6

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LIBRARY IRCPO Box 93190, 2S09 AD THE HAGUE

Tel.: +31 70 30 689 80Fax:+31 70 35 899 64

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jyIRC Interrâtionai'Waterand Sanitation CentreTel.: +31 70 30 689 80Fax: +31 70 35 899 64

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WPC Water Point Conur.ittc-eWSSPOR Water Supply and fiiinitaUon Project in Ohanj^vona Re«ion

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TAVÏAÏ OF CONTENTH

EXECUTIVE NUMMARY

E ACHIEVEMENTS DURING TUE REPORTE--:;: PEUIOD

i.l. INSTl't'ljTiON BUILDING AND HUMAN

1.2 C()M;.JliXiTY INVûIA'KMKNT.i .3 WAl'KÜ SUPPLY AND SANITATJÜN DIO

1 6 f.()üi8Y'('.S

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A N N E X E S

:ï. f5U.:Mlf..-r(;ANT CîrANGKS IN TLliï WORKIN(ic: ON1 r>r il U N S

•1. SLUNJKÎCANT CIL\NGES IN THE P R O J E C T

1. Project Eact üheeti . Progress of Mapping.'?. C^n^3i.r^:c(.cd Water Poiïits• ï . Consti'iiütcd Fcrro-C\'.nient Ta5. Consti-uctcd Latrines(i. Lifjt ol' Personnel7. Project CüKts8. Training Activities louring 19030. Photographs

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SïJMMAIiY

• The organizational rearrangements in the Ministry of AjyiciJture, Water and Rural Development madoail the objectives où he iirst 8ub-Prcjeci:"In/;titutionai and iî'uman P,e:sounos Development" irrelevant

I and impossible to implement by the project. The planning of organising a new directorate ibr rural

Witter sup'ply starte;] in 1092 by ihe Department of Waier Affairs. The new structure of rural watsrsupply ujvirr (lie Depart m<ut of Water Aifairs w;.s finaily approved by (he Public Service O,.i"!nissiun

I arid enc:or-;-d by ihe Cabine.:!, in July ].'£[)',]. i'iii;: develormoiic ;aci:ih>ted the revision of the project

document -<;id chanre of i.!-,o impi^nienunr; authority from Directorate of Rural Development to theDirectorate of Rural Weter Supply. Due to rhe oxisung set-up of the project with tiie .Directorate ofRural Development; ihe riosi-ibilitio-.s r\nd resource:") of the advisors v.o partii;ip;:ito in the develoijinent ef

11' ;he ne'.v ("rganiza.;.:( nal structure of the rural water supply with Di-pa.rtrnent ;>f Water Ai.Iai.rs \srere

limited. Therefore ;!:e role ef tho [reject w.,s merely to follow-up (ho ongoing development withouta.ctivo coniriijuticn.

• hi ihe i;r::l; ;hiper\ ;:-ory .Hoard meeting in November, li;!.\2 it w;ia decided to extend tlio duriition ettee project with e:v; year 'viih the orijnnai buei-et unchanged. iOi-ipecially li.'.ck of Namibian counterpart

I rtaff and tiie planned ext.cnsive public service resrrucruring [programme had affected the projectimplementaiion advt-rsely and led to situation where the personnel employed by Finnconsuit assumeddüiies wiiich did not belong to them, in early 1993 it besame clear tliat the assumptions on which theoriginal Project Document was based were ue.t ro;:ii-:tic. C1e:v;eque;Hiy it was agreed ;.]:ai tiie Revised

I Project jjocumiait tliat ta.k*:s into account different changes in ihe project environment will be

prepared.A/rordinîy the .Guard approved t!~e Revised Project Document ;;s proposed and also decidedto extend v.iie Project period with one year to the end of 190Ü without exceeding the original project

m budget.During J.Ü03 the community involvement approach developed in 1992 was adapted arid refined. Thiswas done by incorporating the practical field experiences of the extension personnel and relevantinformation collected through formal and informal meetings with locad and international developmentworkers. The relevruice and success of tho approach is evident from the increased involvement by thecommunities in tho project <irea in their own water and sanitation affairs and the fact that theapproach is in line with the policy and strategics of DWA's newly established DRWS. The selectedV*philosophy and working approach augur well for the intended full incorporation of the project into theDRWS. During the report year the emphasis was on the establishment and the training of WPCmembers. During 1994 the members will be trained to train the community in issues of water andsanitation.

Alternative solutions for sustainable water supply in the project area have been worked cut. Abo thefiGcio-culturi.il and financial feasibility of the alternatives has been in a drafting stage by the end of theyear. The Environmental issues were postponed by the Steering Committee to 1994. The cost sharingwas worked out for the Revised Project Document. Proposais for the design criteria as well asimplementation costs were prepared for the drafting of the revised project document.

The construction of the water points as well as sanitation facilities continued based on the order ofreceived applications. The participation of the communities was given a liigh priority. Due to theserious drought, activities at some sites were postponed and priority was given to the areas affectedmost by the drought. Sanitation construction was mainly focused on institutions like schools and clinics.Several methods of latrine construction were tested and the designs were revised based on theexperience gained from contractors and the communities.

The total budget of the Finnish contribution for 1993 was FIM 7 300 000. Total disbursements paidby Finnida during 1993 were- FIM 7 161 392. The funds allocated for the project by Finnida during1992-1993 were FIM 15 330 000. Total disbursements during the same period were FIM 15 063 000.About NS 64 000 (FIM 108 800; 1 N$ = 1,7 FIM) was paid by the Namibian Government during 1993.End of the year an extra sum of about N$ 236 000 (FIM 401 200) was in process for the payment bythe Namibian Government during the fiscal year 1992-1993.

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1. ACHIEVEMENTS DURING THE REPORT PERIOD

1.1 INSTITUTION BUILDING AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

'!•}111Ç^î:Ly*?i?_liiLt)j_9 DlI"inal DOCHrri^nIIn the original Project Document the three immediate objectives were defined as follows:

i . " Z'o t.f,-.?. '.-. 1 : E h :>..".;i i-:. "o :ï.i :fi tho : f-'^^;:L;i 'A*>Ç:M:\ i-r L t f? jr ^ i : t j p l y LTr.;.t •!;:;:ür tr.r2

:;.; .V'j.jti--.1 : . ; • . ! o f . i i s ra j . .:•.: .•^li-.^-.snt i c s s u s t : i ' L : : i r.'j t-:^v>/L.i-;-:"!=ri= uS n i r s l ' - ö t i i ;

:;-:;-._;].y a:-.d :, - ; : i t : z . t it-,:i t-: -j j."v : e s s . "

'-• . ' r..ij i;,:;.-^! o ^!.ti , ^ . . v . ; I i v . e ^ i c n i - v . t e r ^ l u - p l y ' j n i t : <i:-d p r ^ p r ^ - c i t ,'.<"•::

Thü Gri;;.ini;'.at.io!v;l :-eniT;u"i cnH:!its in ilie Minis!.ry of A;;ricii]ti.!;'o, Water r-.iid lvur;ill)(..v.:!oumf.:nt n;;;do all thê i:!"joc: ivc::, of the îîr^t ûb-Projcct;'Jnîii.utional ;.md KumanResources Development" ivr;.;lc:vant ;ir;d inipoïsibîe to inipiomer.t by the project, hkudy 1Ü93 theixsponsibiliiy i'or rural water suoply w;is tv<in.>:fen-t:-d from tho Directorate of .KuralDevelopment (Dep'>-.runt;nt of Agriculture) to vhe Directorate of 'Rural Water Supply(Department of Water Aiï;ûrs). Due to the existing sot-up of the project with the Directorateof Rural Development the possibilities and resources of the advisors to participate in the( ievc-lopment of the now r;:rnl writer supply organizational structure with Department of WaterAff.ürs wore limited. rfiu.r<;feri',' the role of the project was merely to follow-up the ongoingdi;ve!opnt(=.r.t v.ithout active contribution.

The achievement indicators 'National Policy'1, "Organizational structuro of rm-al water supply1'and ''management procedures for rural water supply" us defined in the original projectdocument have all been worked out by the Department of Water Affairs without the project'sdirect involvement. The WASP document and Rural Water Supply Organization were approvedby Cabinet in the middle of 1993.

Due to this development the agreement with project's Senior Human Resources DevelopmentAdviser, Christina Swart, was terminated at the end of April 1993. According to the decisionstaken by the Steering Committee the project concentrated only on the training of the project *"staff, contractors and communities during the year 1993.

Training activities conducted during 1993The training events organized or participated during the year are presented in Annex 8.

Ad-Hoc Water Supply and Sanitation Technical Support CommitteeThe project facilitated the meetings of the Ad-Hoc Water Supply and Sanitation TechnicalSupport Committee four times during the year 1993. The Committee is composed ofpermanent members from the Department of Water Affairs, Directorate of Rural Development,Ministry of Health and Social Services, Water Supply and Sanitation Project in OhangwenaRegion, Rural Development Centre, Diocesan Water Project, IttlSAVUS-Denmark, DAPP,IABP-Tsandi, UNICEF, Development Brigade Corporation. In each meeting invitedparticipants from other Government units and NGOs have been present.Two meetings of the Committee concentrated on the issues of handpump standardization. Thestandardized procedures for the assessment of water supply and sanitation coverage in theNorthern Regions was discussed in a one day workshop organized by the Committee. The lastmeeting of the year concentrated issues such as the development of latrine designs andcoordination in sanitation construction.

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1.2 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

Objectives of the Ori;ânal_pocumcntIn the original Project Document the three immediate objectives were defined as follows:

1. 7;3 T . r b i l i ^ a t h e ccirjr.uni t if* ^ ccvi^-od ^y thtî £i r o ;;•?': t i;l c rc ic r ~ 'J ci-e,:if,e ;-.rL

;;war(.::-,(:u3 at t h e r . t c ü i i i ^ t y u - ccrjr ; ; i l l i ty ;:.i *'t i c i *Lv t: i,<:n ;.!l r.he c:\ti:.tip.'.ojùct: c y c l e .

:ï. To f - . j c t s inc rease - : ! i::vylvc::;xr;- i n t h s pls.-ri i .r .a, i^-jl.ur.-.u-.trttiu:! .-i".tift v . ' i lu i t ion u i t h e -.v^-u i" ^ ; -p ] y :",r:d ü.J.r::.tA-ir.n :--> iT/i •: c-:J w i t h .\ :iT;i"or„rj' :!-phisi:s on :..a ii-.tenar.ee E,-.d t h s i ; . t ;oi- . ; i- t •_ t_?i Cf a ~ :;^t~ii:^ ri::-J à y lit f.-.-?..

3 . To i o . - r : t i f y ^;:;d B\: ; .™tt ^ :J t ; ï r - t i^ I i r c c : : s ije.-::<ärit.i!-.g ,-.'.;ti,v:.tiüB i - i t h natr^.-.y i:i!:^-.u;-vi-ty pa i l ic i r . -a t ic; l «r.d iiv.'oIvs.T.ei:r, i:i L-^.-.r.üi-:~i'.;:l w i t h t h aw^tei" /iu:3piy ir ,d u ä : u t c t i o r . J,i_vdlopr"ier4t .

During 1993 the community involvement approach developed in 11392 w;>s adapted and re-fined.Tliis was done by incorporating the pructic.-il field experiences of the extension personnel andrelevant information collected through formal and mfonnal meetings with local nndinternational development workers. The relevance and succors of the approacli is (-.videiit fromthe increased involvement by the communities in the project arc-a in tiu:!i- own writer andsanitation ailah's find the fact that the approach is in line with the ir-oiicy and strategies ofDWA's newly established Directorate of Rur.il Water Supply. The compatible; philosophy andworking approach augur weil for the intended full incorporation of the project into the DHAVSand future cooperation between the community and the Government. During the report yearthe emphasis was on the establishment and the training efWPO menibe-rs. During 1ÜD4 i.hemembers will be trained to train the community in issues of water and sanitation.Details of the year's activities are as follows:

Awareness Creation.Effective participation is only possible when all concerned know what the aims of the projectare, when there is a clear understanding and appreciation of the particular conditions andcircumstances of the people in the project area and when members of the community areprovided with the necessary management and technical skills to take on their tasks. Theproject lias approached this in two ways, namely by working directly with the members of thevarious communities in Ohangwena and by working together with other development agencieswithin and outside the project area on policy as well as specific programme issues. ..•

On the direct Community-Project level 40 community meetings with a total attendance ofabout 2 440 (1 200 women, 1020 men and 220 children) were held. 20 water point committeeswere established and the members received specialized training (e g financial management,meeting procedures, planning). Feasibility studies were conducted in two communities duringJanuary and February 1993. The studies provided project personnel with a betterunderstanding of the behaviour and knowledge of water issues within the communities. During1993 a total of 91 water point construction applications and 89 latrine construction applicationswere received.


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Income GenerationThe establishment of a strong small business sector to provide goods and services primarily tothe project and secondarily to the community continued to be difficult. Various factors needto be considered to find reasons for this. Oliangwena is a densely populated rural subsistencefarming urea with a high illiteracy rate and a very narrow managerial mid technical base. Themain business activities relate to trading and entertainment ;mJ there is an underdevelopedmanufacturing sector due to the unavailability of natural resources arid to the large existingmarket of relatively cheap imported materials i;tnd goody. Households in the area rely on cashfrom individuals who have jobs in the formal sector (private and governmental), or from othersources such as state pensions. Rven with a high rate of unemployment, self-employment isviewed as a secondary, and in many cases a temporary income generating option. Theaforementioned are illustrated by the past year's experience when people trained andcontracted as entrepreneurs (for example to make and se!i bricks and fencing or to providetransport) insisted on viewing themselves as project employees. Aspects of entreproneurshipsuch as self-motivation, self-improvement, perseverance, risk taking and identification of newopportunities and as well as basic business management functions like quality control, costing,pricing arid marketing had to be absorbed into the project and became a costly and timeconsuming exercise.

CoordinationCertainly one of the most interesting and exciting development during the report year was theproject's increased role together with other agencies and actors in creating and maintainingmechanisms for cooperation and coordination on local, regional and national level with regardto policy issues and field activities. Of particular note is the following.

"Working Group for the Water Point Committees1

The Project continued to be closely involved in the work of the "Working Grout)'1. Under theehairpersonship of DRD, the membership was open to local and international NGOs andgovernmental institutions. The group's work was to promote participatory rural water supplythrough the development of a series of handbooks. The handbooks produced are the following:

* Handbook for Water Point Committees,* Training Together to Start Water Point Committees,* The Rural Extension Officer's Work Manual:Getting Closer to the Community,* Training Manual for Rural Extension Workers.

The members of the Working Group were DWA, UNICEF, NDT, the NRC, NAU, Canamco,WSSPOR, the Anglican Church and MEC. The Project Coordinator and the Senior CD Adviserrepresented the project and attended nine meetings held in Windhoek during 1993.

Under this programme of cooperation three workshops for community workers and caretakerswere held. The Junior CD Adviser, H. Kapweya, attended the two workshops on WPCsconducted in Rehoboth in January/February and Okashana in August and participated in theevaluation of the supporting handbooks. In February she was also elected as convenor of theNorthern Water Point Committee Network Team. She arranged three meetings during theyear to share information and to plan for the follow-up workshop in August 1993. TheConstruction Supervisor, J. Hashoongo , Project Secretary, 0. Shiimbi and a Water PointCaretaker from the village of Onamutenya attended the Caretaker's Workshop held atOkashana during September 1993 and helped to develop draft caretaker handbooks forwindmills, diesel engines and hand pumps.


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In June 1933 the members of (.lie Working Group started discussing the future of the Groupand in particular future NOO/DWA cooperation. In lim; with Cabinet's decision to transfer theresponsibility of the rurul water supply from DRD to DWA the cha.irpersonship of the WorkingGroup was handed ever to DWA in September 1S93. In November 1Ü93 the Working Groupwas disbanded to enable the establishment of ;i NGO/Donor/DRWS coordination forum.Participants at the one day workshop on NGO/Government Coordination held on 26 November1993 welcomed such cooperation but decided to meet again in February 1094 for furtherdiscussions. This meeting will be held in Windhoek and chaired by the Project Coordinator.

Qhangwena Regional CouncilStarting in June 1993 close cooperation has been established between the project and theoffice of the Regional Council. As a result of various meetings the following situation liasdeveloped:

i .le riogioiuii ilüvorijiji* lias ùcr.i\ appointe;! LU; a i'.iil :ii;;nii-i>i *;i tno iri'ou-ec û^rîi^

Committee;* The project's community development personnel has been participating in community

meetings held by the Councillors;* current and future activities such as the

o selection and allocation of contractorso planning of water supplyo function of i.ntersectorol development committeeso design of the revised project document and work plan 1994

have been carried out jointly.

"Ohangwena Community Development Coordination Group"The Project facilitated and promoted the establishment of the "Ohangwena CommunityDevelopment Coordination Group" which met for the first time in October .1993 under thechairpersonship of the Junior CD Adviser. The first meeting was attended by therepresentatives of the following: DWA/MAWRD, UNICEF, PHC/MHSS (Engela and EenhanaPHODistricts), DCD/MRLGH, CCN, Diocesan Water Project and WSSPOR. It was decidedto extend future invitations to the Agriculture Extension Officers/MAWRD, MEC, Cooperationfor Development and Development Brigade Corporation. The aim of this group is to coordinate.-the activities of all the community development bodies in the Ohangwena Region in order to

* avoid duplication of activities;* support of each other's activities* facilitate the sharing of experiences; and* assist the Regional government where needed.

The second meeting was held in December 1993.

Namibian VoluntarismThe Senior CD Adviser participated in the arrangement of the first Consultative Workshop todesign guidelines for Namibkn volunteers. The two day workshop was held in November 1993and participants searched for a common understanding of voluntarism in the Namibian settingand a way of rewarding volunteers. A follow-up workshop with more volunteer participationis planned for 1994.


CanamcoDuring November 1993 members of the "Working Group on Water puint Committees" wereinvited to take part in the evaluation of a community water (.raining programme in theKavango funded by UNICEF ;uid executed by Onamco. In particular the impact on thevarious communities, the water point committees and the trainers had to be assessed. Ingeneral tins study would be a contribution to the development of national criteria forevaluating participatory water training. This was a good opportunity to compare our own workwith that of another agency working in a different area and to share our experience and skillswith our colleagues. The Senior CD Adviser together with representatives from DWA,UNICEF, DRD, and Canamco participated in drawing up the terms of reference and designingthe evaluation form. The Junior CD Adviser was a member of the evaluation team whichvisited the Kavango during 13 - 20.11.1993. The final report is to be published in 1994.

UNÏCbi?The year has seen increased cooperation between the project and UNICEF. Not only werethese two bodies working together as members of various national bodies on issues related tocommunity water supply and sanitation but also on specific activities such as providingcommunity and business management training to contractors during July and September 1993and the attendance of the Junior CD Adviser and Community Development Officer at the IECworkshop in November 1993.

EA1HP/MHSSApart from the joint activities regarding the Health and Hygiene School Education Programme,officers of both projects are making a concerted effort to share their resources andexperiences. Discussions to train and use the CHWs in the establishment and support ofWPCs and members of the proposed intersectoral development committees, progressed welland will be translated into action during 1994.

Diocesan Water Project, OdiboThe Project has consistently made an effort to involve the Diocesan Water Project based inOdibo in planning and executing community based water supply and sanitation activities withinthe Region. However after nearly two years no firm working relationship - formal or informal - -lias been established. This is an unfortunate state of affairs and is to the detriment of both thecommunities and the two projects.

Hygiene EducationTogether with EAIHP/MHSS and MEC the Project commenced with a series of ''Health andHygiene Education Demonstration Days" at schools in the Ohangwena Region where sanitationfacilities liave been erected by the project. To date four schools (Omuonde, Oshikango,Onekwaya-East and Oshimwaku) with a combined learner population of 2 883, 81 teachers and98 members of the community participated in the programme. The demonstration materialand activities have been designed to introduce new knowledge, reinforce "correct/good1 habitsand attitudes primarily amongst young learners at school and secondarily amongst theirparents and siblings not attending school. The emphasis was on learning while having fun andissues addressed were as following:

* How to use and how to clean a toilet* Personal hygiene (hand and body washing, care of hair, nails and teeth)* Personal hygiene for girls* Waste disposal and recycling* Cleaning of classrooms* Use of water

In November 1993 forms were designed which will be used during 1994 to evaluate theprogramme.

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Integration into DWAStarting at the beginning of the year ;i close relationship developed between the Departmentof Water Affairs and the project's Community Involvement Socuon. The following is ofparticular interest:

* One DWA and three; WSSPOR officers v.-ero trüned by DWA in the skills of"audience research" to conduct a two week research project among the usercommunities of the Okahao-Onaaiida rurrl pipe scheme.During the wnekend.fi of April 1993 the WiSSPOR's Coir.im.mity DüvelopmentOfficer assisted the DWA's Community Office1:!' in the training of the \VPCs ofthe Okahao-Onaanda rural piped scheme.The Senior CD Adviser prepared and submitted comments on the followingDWA material in March 1993 and November 1903 respectively:

o the W-it.cr Comic Books .V-ïiuned by DWA for use in the

o rhe proposed training programme for DRWS's rural waterextension officers.

International KxpoaurcThe Junior CD Adviser represented the Ministry of Apiculture. Water and Rural Developmentand the Project at a two weeks workshop on "Women in Water Supply' in Kenya from 15 to27 February 1993. The workshop was funded by ihe Government of Netherlands andorganised by IRC. Eleven representatives from eight African countries shared their experiencesin participatory water supply and sanitation, and were introduced to the latest trends andinformation in this field. They were also given the opportunity to develop action plans for theirown countries. This trip offered the Junior CD Adviser also a chance to visit t.he Finnida WaterSupply Project in Kakamega, Kenya. These experiences have refined her analytical andplanning skills fmd enabled her to operate on the implementation as well as the planning level.

1.3 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Objectives of the Original DocumentIn the original Project Document the three immediate objectives were defined as follows:

1. To identify the system of covering the project area with feasible andsustainable watet supply and sanitation services according to the relevantnational policies

2. To indicate the institutional and human resources development needsoriginating fron planning, design, i.T.plunentaticn. .13 well as Operation andr.aintenanca cf the improved water supply and sanitation systerr.a

3. To prépaie development plana fro water supply and sanitation, includingcest satinâtes and implementation progra.r-T.es

Alternative solutions for sustainable water supply in the project area have been worked out.Also the socio-cultural and financial feasibility of the alternatives has been in drafting stage atthe end of the year. The Environmental issues were postponed by the Steering Committee to1994. The cost sharing was worked out for the Revised Project Document. Proposals for thedesign criteria as well as implementation costs were prepared for the drafting of the revisedproject document.

MappingThe mapping of the ''Catchment Area of the Engela Hospital'' prepared by the MT-Survey wascompleted at the end of the year. The programme for the completion of the mapping of thewhole project area was approved in the revised project document. The progress of the mappingis presented in annex 2.

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Geographical Characteristics of the Project AreaThe draft report was completed by Interconsult in the end of the year including the followingmain subjects: location, topography, climate, geology and physiography.

Socio-Economie DevelopmentIn the beginning of 1993 the Socio-Economic and Health Desk-Top Study was carried out byN1SEIÎ. The study was planned, financed and supervised jointly with the Engela AreaIntegrated Health Project. Based on this report the assessment of the socio-economic situationdevelopment had been drafted by the end of 1993 including the following subjects: socio-political structure, tenure, infrastructure and services, population, economic and developmentpotential.

Existing Water Sunplv Situationliurai piped v/a^tii1 supîy ccver<ug'; in ;.ho project area .;as been concluMoa jointly '-vim u uDepartment of Water Affairs and presented in tables and maps. Accordingly about 46 000people (37 % of the total population of the project area) are served through the rural pipedwater supply service.Point water supply coverage in the project area including existing omifirnas and ndunguswithout protection is estimated to be about 40 % (50 000 people) compared to the totalpopulation of the project area. Practically it means that these people have access to the watersource although the water quality of the source might be very poor.Surface water supply, meaning open oshanas, has not been taken into account in watersupply coverage calculations.

Water Resources AssessmentThe surface water potential based on the DWA's report: "Investigations into the Surface WaterResources of Owambo" had been drafted by the end of 1993 by Interconsuit.

The field survey of shallow groundwater in the Western part of the project area was carriedout by Ernest W B Miller & Associates during the first half of 1993. The results of otherstudies carried out earlier by Diocesan Water Project, Department of Water Affairs andGround Water Consulting Services mainly covering the Eastern part of the project area were.'***incorporated into the report. Assessment of the shallow ground water potential is based on thisreport and had been drafted by the end of 1993 by Interconsult.

In order to evaluate the reliability of the above mentioned assessment the quotations for theelectrical resistivity, electromagnetic survey and ground penetrating radar investigations werereceived and the evaluation was approved by the Steering Committee. Due to the limit of theavailable budget the investigations could not be carried out during 1993.

In order to assess the deep ground water potential in the project area the followinginvestigations have been carried out:

* The Deep Ground Water Desk-Top Study was carried out in 1992 byInterconsult

* Based on the above mentioned study the Reflective Seismic Survey wascarried out by the University of Pretoria at the end of 1992. The total lengthof the seismic lines were 10 km.

* Based on the above survey the experimental drilling programme of ten deepboreholes was carried out during February - May 1993 by the drillingcontractor, Nimtref. Four of the boreholes were drilled on the seismic lines.One was drilled for new Engela Hospital. The remaining five boreholes weredrilled at the places suffering most from the ongoing very serious drought.Only one of the boreholes was very successful, six were half successful (salinewater) and three boreholes were fully dry.

* The logging of the 9 boreholes recently drilled was carried out by DWA/ArnoldPittner in June and in August 1993.

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Based on the reports of all above mentioned investigations the Deep Ground Water Potentialhad been drafted at the end of 1993 by Interconsuit.

Water Supply OptionsThe development and implementation, of the rural piped water supply is carried out by theDepartment of Water Affairs. The project has supported DWA iii the development ofcommunity participation and participatory training.

The shallow well construction options have been developed based on experience gained fromconstruction and community participation activities. During October 1993 the project andUNICEF organized jointly a shallow well construction training course in Amutanga and at theend of the training a final selection of the water supply construction options for the revisedproject document and water supply development plan wns done. Accordingly it is recommended::;at shriilùw wüud are constructed c-i:ai:.' '-viiih inu'rioekiu; or wirUÜ bii. k/i i.rA cquipuea wuha bucket lifting system. Based on the Amutanga experience the well construction manual hasbeen drafted including full brake down of required materials, resources and costs.

Deep ground water supply construction options are limited to the Eastern part of the projectarea. Deep boreholes (> 100 m) are recommended only East of Eenhana . The objective is thatthe capacity of these boreholes should be more than 20 m3/d and therefore could be equippedwith submersible pumps. In order to utilize middle deep ground water resources available atthe depths of 40 - 80 m between the Engela and Eenhana the boreholes drilled up to 80 mcould be equipped with handpumps if the yield of the borehole is more than 4 m3/d and thequality of the water is acceptable.

Other options such as dams, desalination, water harvesting, greundwater recharge, etc will bepresented in the water supply and sanitation development plan.

Sanitation OptionsThe survey of existing sanitation facilities in the project area was carried out by Ernest W BMiller & Associates and the project's Field Manager. According to the results only 7 % of therural population has some kind of sanitation facilities and only 3 % of the rural population is-using the VIP latrines.

In order to test different sanitation options the compost latrine study commenced at thebeginning of 1993 and accordingly 11 test latrines were installed. Based on the second follow-up evaluation done late 1993, four of the owners favour compost latrines, five favour VIPs andtwo remained neutral. Several small technical improvements were proposed. The technicalfeatures of latrine operation are not yet available.Different private and institutional sanitation options were discussed in the workshop inDecember 1993 organized by the Ad-Hoc Technical Water Supply and Sanitation SupportCommittee. The following recommendations were accepted:

* the best characteristics of each design shall be combined into one standarddesign

* accordingly the cost breakdown will be defined including possible overheadcosts

The sanitation options for rural areas will be developed in 1994 based on the designs createdin the above mentioned workshop.

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The Root Zone Plant or Wetland System is recommended for Semi-Urban Sanitation Options.The wetland system treatment uses bacterial metabolism and physical sedimentation in thesame manner as conventional waste water treatment systems. The fundamental differencebetween conventional and wetland systems is the following;

* in the conventional system waste water is treated rapidly requiring high levelmanagement and a technically advanced environment

* the wetland system treatment is a comparatively slow process and does notrequire special management and is suitable for an ecological environment

In order to assess the full feasibility of the above mentioned wetland system it is recommendedthat pilot teats are carried out in the Engela, Ohangwena and Eenhana settlement areas.For institutions and private households in the rural areas using running water the so-called

»* small scale "Sub-Surface Agroplant'1 or three-phase septic tank equipped with an undergroundperforated outlet-pipe is recommended. A more detailed system description will be presentedin the D^vei^pi.iijiii i ILJ.1.

Monitoring and Follow-UpA workshop on "Standardized Procedures for the Assessment and Monitoring of Water Supplyand Sanitation Coverage" was organized by the Ad-Hoc Water Supply and Sanitation TechnicalSupport Committee in March 1993 in Ongwediva with high participation from all concernedparties. As a result of the workshop the Terms of Reference for the preparation of the aboveassessment was concluded. Due to the lack of funds and due to the ongoing Governmentreorganization the work has not commenced. Nevertheless the development of the databaseprogram for the input and output of field data was awarded to M-Tech by the SteeringCommittee in April 1993. At the end of 1993 several meetings were held with DWA toformulate the Management Information System for rural water supply. According to therecommendations of these meetings the project's database will be developed only for theproject purposes at this stage.

Environmental Impact Assessment StudyThe terms of reference for the Environmental Impact Assessment was drafted in March 1993,but due to its large and expensive content the study was postponed to 1994. New and morecomprehensive terms of reference were drafted at the end of the year in order to facilitate the .start of the study early in 1994.

Revised Project Document and Work Plan for 1994In April 1993 the Planning and Design Adviser drafted a discussion paper consisting of subjectson population forecasts, existing water resources and an areal water development programmeproposal to facilitate the visit of Finnida's Water Supply Adviser, Mr E. Kontula. As a resultof his visit the guidelines for the drafting of the Revised Project Document were issued andagreed with DWA. Accordingly the first draft Revised Project Document was discussed in theSteering Committee Meeting in September 1993. The second draft was discussed in theSteering Committee Meeting in November 1993. The Document was corrected according to thecomments by the Steering Committee and the Final Draft Document was submitted for theapproval to the Supervisory Board at the end of November 1993. In the meeting of theSupervisory Board on 1.12.1993 the Revised Project Document and the Work Plan 1994(drafted in several workshops parallel with the preparation of the Revised Project Document)were approved.

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1.4 PHYSICAL IMPROVEMENTS

Objectives of the Original DocumentIn the original Project Document the four immediate objectives were denned as follows:

1. To increase the coverage of population by improving water supply andsanitati.cn services,

2. To provide the hiçh priority croups arid institutions with improved watersupply and sanitation services.

3. To indicate the i.-.st itutional arid human resources development needaoriginating from implementation of water supply ind sanitation systems.

4. To carry out experimental implementation of water supply and sanitationfacilities.

The construction of the water points as well as sanitation facilities continued based on theorder of received applications. The participation of the communities was given a high priority.Due? o the fiT-rious drought activités ,it some îtes were postponed find priority '.vos given tothe areas aifected most by the drought. Sanitation construction was muiniy focused atinstitutions like schools and clinics. Several methods of latrine construction were tested andthe designs were revised based on the experience gained from contractors and thecommunities.

Shallow Well ConstructionThe method of using concrete rings was abandoned due to its very low rate of communityparticipation, liigh accident risk and high transportation costs. Anyhow, due to the productionduring the previous year about 150 rings were still in stock. Therefore shallow wellconstruction with concrete rings continued during the year until almost all rings were used.Some rings were left for other purposes like lining of latrine pits, construction of small waterstorage tanks or for the use as grain stores.

In order to increase community participation the methods of lining the wells were tested byusing three types of concrete blocks manufactured at site by the community. In Amutangathree Omifimas were lined by using

a) normal concrete bricks,b) specially formed interlocking blocks with horizontal reinforcementc) vertically and horizontally wired specially formed concrete blocks.

All required forms were manufactured in the local private welding workshop. Based on thegained experience it was decided that in the wells already dug down to the water level theinterlocking blocks should be used. In wells dug in the soft sand the wired blocks will be usedand the digging of the well is done inside of the constructed block wall (Sinking method).Accordingly required unit price lists for the contractors were developed and the constructionmanual was in its final stage at the end of 1993.At the end of the year 31 constructed shallow wells were in use.

DrillingThe in-service training of the drillers ended in the middle of May 1993. Thereafter studies tofind out locally available sand suitable for borehole filters were conducted by the drilling team.One promising site was identified near Ruacana, but due to its remote location and the limitedmarket for filter sand the interest of the local business community was very low. Thereforetenders for supplying filter sand for the project use were requested. Based on the evaluationof the received tenders DWA ordered filter sand from South Africa. The same supplier alsodelivered the required casings and screens for ten shallow boreholes. The materials werereceived in October 1993. A water trailer and a diesel trailer needed in drilling were providedby the Rural Development Centre. The Valmet tractor ordered in 1992 was received in April1993. The tractor is used for the transportation of all drilling equipment and materials to thedrilling site. The drilling rig with all its accessories was mobilized to the drilling site earlyNovember 1993.

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The first borehole drilled by the project's drilling rig (provided for the project's use by theCatholic Mission) was completed at the beginning of December 1993. The use of mud forpreventing the collapse of the hole was tested but due to the lack of proper mixing equipmentthe hole was completed without mud.

The drilling crew consists of three drillers employed by the project and two drillers secondedfrom the previous DRD. Later these two drillers were transferred to the recently establishedDRWS. Due to the arrangements of the new Directorate it is unsure if the drillers from theMinistry can continue with the project.The DEWS nominated two experienced drillers from Rundu to assist the project's drilling teamin casing, backfilling and filling of required forms. This training was done at the drilling sitein November-December 1993.At the end of 1993, 7 boreholes drilled were in use.

HandpumpsDuring the drought it became evident that most of the shallow wells will dry up. This is dueto the nature of perched ground water. Therefore the installed handpumps became useless.Also none of the available handpumps fulfil the VLOM criteria. Therefore the communitiescould not remove the handpumps from empty wells. Actually, in many cases the communitydid not know that the well was empty. They thought that the handpump had been broken.Based on the discussions with the communities the project started to develop a bucket waterlifting system, which is easy to construct at site (high community contribution) and easy tomaintain by the community. The designs for slab, windlass-columns and the lid were done bythe project's Design Adviser and prototype moulds were manufactured in a local privateworkshop. This type of the bucket lifting system has now been tested in several wells. Basicallythe system works satisfactorily, but some details need to be developed more. Anyhow thecommunities have clearly shown that they prefer the bucket water lifting system.

Fence and Cattle TroughSeveral internal project meetings have been held to solve the problems of

a) how to encourage communities to construct a fence around the water pointb) what is the best design for the cattle trough and how far it should be from the "

water pointBecause of the deforestation problem the project can not encourage the use of wooden logs asa fence, although it is the tradition. Finally at the end 1993 the concrete pole system wasdeveloped and tested. The price of concrete poles casted on site (only cement and steelprovided by the project) is very low, i.e. N$ 5/pole. The fence wire needed for one well will costless than N$ 10. Testing of the concrete pole fence will continue in early 1994.

Concrete Ring Water TanksThere has been a demand from private people to construct small, cheap and simple watertanks for water or grain storage. The water tanks consisting of two concrete rings (totalvolume of 2,5 m3) installed on top of each other and equipped with a tap and cover have beentested. The concrete rings have been manufactured by the project's contractors. Results havenot been very promising due to the high transportation costs, need of sophisticated installationequipment and difficulties to make water-tight joints between the rings. Possibilities to castthe rings on site by using the continuous casting method could be tested in future.

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Ferrocement Water TanksThe construction of ferrocement water tanks for schools was initiated by UNICEF. The firsttraining course for local contractors (builders) of the construction of 10 m3 tanks wasorganized in the beginning of the year. Simultaneously the survey of schools was conductedin order to define the feasibility for water tank construction. The Water Supply Project inOhangwena Region identified 6 contractor candidates from Ohangwena Region for training.The WSSPOR supervisor participated the training. After the contractor training thesupervision and transportation in Ohangwena Region was organized by the WSSPOR. UNICEFprovided materials and paid the contractors.

During May-July 1993 a second training session was organized by UNICEF for the construction* of 46 m3 ferrocement tanks and double pit latrines. Thereafter the schools were provided with

either a 10 or a 46 m3 water tank rind one double pit latrine. At the end of 1993 a total of 31forroceinent tanks were in use. (2S/10m3 and 3/46m3) The progress of the ferrocement Lankconstruction is presented in Annex 4. Constructed latrines are presented in Annex 5.

VIP Latrines for Schools and ClinicsAccording to the school sanitation survey carried out by the project most of the schools in therural areas are without any sanitation facilities. The same applies for the clinics. Therefore theSteering Committee decided to give priority to sanitation construction for schools and clinicsin order to demonstrate improved hygiene to the rural communities. School and clinic latrinedesigns were prepared, designs and construction method were approved verbally by theDepartment of Works, Oshakati, and 5 contractors were trained accordingly. At the end of1993 seven public latrines with 8 units, 30 school latrines with 97 units, 27 private latrinesand 10 clinic latrines with 22 units were constructed (total 154 units). The progress of latrineconstruction is presented in Annex 5.

All latrines have been constructed by the school and clinic communities with the assistance ofa trained "contractor". All bricks and concrete casting have been done on site. The project hasprovided only cement, steel, corrugated iron sheets, required tools for construction andsupervision. The community has provided, sand, water, labour and security.

In the beginning of the project the design criteria for school sanitation was one latrine unit for50 students. For the school of 1000 students (normal school size) this means a latrine complexof 20 units. Usually communities cannot afford such a big complex either financially or timewise. Construction time is too long (3 to 4 months). Therefore the design criteria was modifiedand at this moment one double unit latrine for teachers and one four unit latrine for studentsper school is constructed.

The latrines are designed without doors and seats because the wind blows the doors away andseats prevent proper cleaning of the latrines. The teachers and matrons have requested doorsto prevent animals and other outsiders to enter the toilet and to increase privacy. Seats arerequested for comfort. The project's Steering Committee has decided that doors and seats canbe provided but the community has to pay them fully.

Private LatrinesThe demand for the construction of private latrines has increased slowly. During the yearmainly two types of latrines were offered for private use. Single corrugated iron sheet latrinewith slab and ventilation system was sold with a price of N$ 500, including the transportationand installation. A more luxurious model constructed with bricks, steel door, glass window ,seat and ventilation system will cost N$ 1 500. Constructed private latrines are presented inAnnex 5. The project did not have enough capacity to demonstrate other low cost sanitationsystems to the low-income rural population.


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Compost LatrinesThe project installed 11 compost latrines in order to define technical and social feasibility ofcompost system. Five latrines were installed in public places (school, kindergarten, office, Cucashop, brick factory). The remaining six latrines were installed in private homes. Two surveyswere carried out during the year by the Design Technician of the project. The surveysconducted so far have proved that the compost latrines will not operate as public latrines. Themaintenance is not taken care of. Four out of six private users favour compost latrines due tothe benefit of produced manure and no smell. Some technical issues like the height of the seat,wall material and light structure against the wind were some disadvantages observed by thesatisfied users. A major concern is to find suitable sodas for the biological process and the needof daily care. The users who have not understood the benefits of the toilet do not mind theusing sodas and therefore experience smell problems.

1.5 LOGISTICS

Objectives of the Original DocumentIn the original Project Document the three immediate objectives were denned as follows:

1. To ensure the quick start of the actual project implementation2. To ensure all support activities needed for successful operation of the

Marula Region Rural Water Supply Unit3. To ensure the efricie.it information on establishment of the project aa

well as the communication of involved parties

Accordingly the Rural Water Supply Unit for Ohangwena was rapidly organized butunfortunately without the Ministry's full participation and support. Due to the lack of Ministrypersonnel the Consultant had to carry out duties not belonging to them. All administrativeprocedures, such as financial control, personnel management, reporting, etc have beenorganized very early in the project and were further developed during 1993.

Office and AccommodationAt the beginning of the project (1992) the establishment of the project's office andaccommodation at Ongwediva was seen the only viable solution due to the available^,infrastructure. Field implementation and the establishment of the Ohangwena RegionalCouncil, based in Eenhana, created a situation where the supervision of field activities andclose continuous contact with the beneficiaries and local leaders became very difficult due tothe far distance between the office and the project area. Therefore the project's security, store,community personnel and offices were transferred to Ohangwena in September 1993. Howeverthe accommodation problem could not be solved and the personnel continues to drive dailyfrom Ongwediva to Ohangwena and back resulting more than 160 km unnecessary daily drivingwith very high accident risk. The Department of Agriculture took over the responsibility forthe office in Ongwediva. Four offices and one store room are still in the project's use as wellas the three houses in the Ongwediva office compound.

Project VehiclesAU project vehicles were insured in February 1993 with Glensure Insurance Brokers. In March1993 one project vehicle was stolen from the Ongwediva office compound by armed thieves.The insurance company compensated N$ 59 750. Two serious accidents occurred during theyear. Repair of the vehicles was paid by the insurance company.

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Special VisitorsThe Minister for Development Cooperation, Finland, Mr Toimi Kankaanniemi,familiarized himself with the project's field operations on 30.1.1993. The Minister's SpecialAdviser, Mr R. Ahteela, The Ambassador of Finland, Mrs K. Lintonen, The Director of Finnida,Mr G. Lindholm joined the delegation.The delegation from the Finnish Parliament headed by Mr. P. Paasio and joined by therepresentatives of Finnida and Embassy of Finland paid a visit to the project on 25.2.1993.Dr. Kaire Mbuende, the Deputy Minister for Ministry of Agriculture, Water and RuralDevelopment officially opened the office building in Ongwediva on 11.3.1993. The openingceremony was attended by special guests from the Region.Mr. E. Kontula, Finnida's Water Supply Adviser, visited the project during 4.5 - 14.5.1993.As a result of his visit the guidelines for drafting a revised project document were issued.Mrs H. Sipila, UNIFEM Finland, visited the project on 22.9.1993

Project PersonnelThe personnel who work permanently in the project are presented in Annex 5.The employment conditions of the project's employees were improved in October 1993 bysigning the Group Life Assurance, Permanent Health Insurance and Pension Fund Policy withOld Mutual/ Standard Bank. Accordingly the life and health assurances are paid by the project.Both the employer and employee contribute 5 % of the relevant basic salary to the pension-fund. All project employees opened bank accounts and accordingly salaries are paid into thebank.

Due to the developed infrastructure, manufacturing and business sector in Namibia and dueto the established contacts and relations with manufacturers, suppliers and consultants during1992-1993 the agreement regarding the " Support in Windhoek" with the Technology Systemsand Management was terminated on 01.06.1993.

General Sales TaxThe project was exempted from General Sales Tax (GST) on 6.10.1993 with a Sales TaxRegistration Certificate received from the Ministry of Finance. Accordingly a claim of paidGSTs during 1992 were submitted to the Inland Revenue Office being a total of N$ 129,389.50. •«•**The amount of N$ 122,678.07 has been approved by the Inland Revenue Office for payment.The money was received early in 1994.

Project CostsThe total budget of the Finnish contribution for 1993 was FIM 7 300 000. Total disbursementspaid by Finnida during 1993 were FIM 7 161 392. Due to the fact that some of the goods forthe project have been bought directly either by the Embassy of Finland or the GovernmentProcurement Office in Finland the total balance of accounts was checked together withFinnida. Accordingly the funds allocated to the project during 1992-1993 were FIM 15 330 000.Total disbursements during the same period were FIM 15 063 000.

Due to the unclear situation of the implementing Namibian organization the Namibiancontribution remained relatively low. Actual figures are missing but it is estimated that aboutN$ 64 000 (FIM 108 800; 1 N$ = 1,7 FIM) were paid by the Namibian Government during1993. At the end of the year an extra sum of about N$ 236 000 (FIM 401 200) was in processfor the payment by the Namibian Government for the fiscal year 1992-1993. More detailedfigures of the disbursements have been presented in Annex 7.


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2. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND CORRECTIVEMEASURES TAKEN

Accommodation and OfficeThe accommodation and office problems have been described already in item 1.5, Logistics.

Field Supervision and AccountancyDue to the unavailability of a Field Manager the Project Coordinator also had to carry out thetasks of field supervision during the first nine months of 1993. The time for such work wasvery limited (Project Coordinator was also carrying out all accounting work in the project fora period of 22.7 • 30.9.1993) and therefore the quality of construction was not satisfactory. InFebruary 1993 Mrs C. Ndove was promoted as Ohangwena Office Coordinator, but her effortswere also not successful due to her inexperience and the lack of adequate support from theProject Coordinator. The simianon improved in the beginning of October 19G3 when Mr ArioHurtta, Field Coordinator, took the responsibility of field supervision and coordination.

3. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE WORKINGCONDITIONS

In the Supervisory Board Meeting in November 1992 Mr. Desmond Tshikesho, Chief RuralDevelopment Officer (DRD), was appointed as Project Manager. During the second half ofMarch 1993 Mr. Tshikesho was transferred to Windhoek. Thereafter the Project Coordinatorhad to take the full responsibility of the project implementation, which was not according tothe valid project document. The planning of the Rural Water Supply reorganization was goingon and the unclear situation regarding the future place of the project continued until mid-June1993. In the meeting on 13.6.1993 at the Embassy of Finland the Department of Water Affairsclearly indicated their readiness to take over the implementation responsibility of the project.Accordingly the guidelines for the revision of the project document were accepted.

4. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE PROJECTENVIRONMENT

The planning of organizing a new directorate for rural water supply started in 1992 by theDepartment of Water Affairs. The new structure of rural water supply under the Departmentof Water Affairs was finally approved by the Public Service Commission and endorsed by theCabinet in July 1993. This development facilitated the revision of the project document anda change in the implementing authority from the DRD to the DRWS.

5. LESSONS LEARNED

Business DevelopmentIf the aim is to establish a strong and diversified business sector in Ohangwena region it isclear that the provision of business management and technical skills training and theidentification of possible income generating opportunities like 1993's brick making, fencemaking and business training in Ohaingu, Omifima and Oidimba, and the discussions aboutmicro-scale fish farming, are just not enough. The solution appears to be in the introductionof an entrepreneurship development programme planned and executed together with local andinternational agencies. The 1994 appointment of business advisor is a step in the rightdirection.

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Experience in the Establishment of WPCsAn area that needs special mention is that of the establishment of WPCs. The WPCs are thedirect link between the communities and the project and it is in the interest of both partiesthat the WPCs are assisted in all possible ways to enable the members to take on theirresponsibilities as partners of the project. Our experience over the past two years indicate thatthere are a number of factors that contribute to the success of a WPC. Some are as follows:

* the structure and philosophy of a WPC should not be in conflict with thesocio-cultural system in the project area

* effective and successful WPCs have members who were elected by thecommunity and not appointed by the leadership, be it political, traditional orreligious

* the most active WPC members are usually female* headmen are nearly always elected as members of the WPC but not as

chairpersons* all members are people with a status or with a record of service and

leadership in the community* members are not elected for their literacy or numeracy skills* a training programme including concentrating on water and sanitation issues,

duties of committee members, meeting procedures, and planning andexecution of activities should be designed together with the WPC

* WPCs have to be visited regularly by the CDOs not only to provide trainingand advice but also to motivate them and support their activities

* there is a direct relationship between the condition of the water point- related to the quality of the construction and the knowledge and skills tomaintain it - and the success of the WPC

* the six months term of service suggested in the Handbook for Water PointCommittees is too short for the members to be trained as WPC members aswell as community trainers and activators.


P R O J E C T F A C T S H E E T Annex 1

Project title:

Project number:

Sector:

Duration:

Starting date:

Project financing:

Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Ohangwena Region, Phase I2

28103701-6

Water Supply and Sanitation

59 months (14.2.1992 - 31.12.1996)

14.2.1992

Government ofNamibia

Government ofFinland

Competent Authorities:

Namibia:

Finland:

FIM 4 320 000.-

FIM 34 630 000.-

The National Planning Commission Namibia (NPC)

Ministry for Foreign Affairs/FINNIDA

Institutional framework for the project implementation:

Namibian implementing agency:

Ministry of Agriculture, Water and RuralDevelopment/Department of Water Affairs

Consultant for development assistance services

Finnconsult Oy

Arrangements for coordination and supervision of the project implementation:

Committee of competent authorities for overall project supervision at policy level:

Supervisory Board Meeting

Committee for project management at implementation level:

Steering Committee

Revised Project Document, 1 DecemJssr, 199 3

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17 b \06

!

i

17; '86

17ÜCÖ9

17ÜCÜ3

17;6CO6

/

1716BC7

I17IÔDA1\

/TTI6CA7

14

1716OA2

15 V

TÛPÏCSJPH1C MAPPING 1:11

SHiS IHOEX

IS1«-

H?!-1!9S

is1«-ti'ji

WATER SUPPLY AMD SAMlïAT.û;j PRûJta IM QHANGWcNA REG10M . NAMI3IA

flfiMLÛNSULT 0Y

ro

• ms*(rillph«lai)riphj 1:10 tDO

im-ms

Mi-Sunt) LID

WATER POINT

No

1

2 -

3

4

5

6

7

e

9

10

1 1

12

13

Constitu-ency

Ohangwena

Engela

Engel a

Engela

Engela

Engela

Engela

Ohangwena

Engela

Endola

Endola

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS REPORT

Vil lage

Okatope

Ouhongo

Ohaingu

Ohaingu

Ohaingu

Onambango

Oikalahenya

Ohangwena

Onghala

Endola

OmahengeOhalushu

Etope

Etope

Technic.+ socialinspect.

::3\iTi'-92 :;;:#;

;Jun-.92.y_:::\

Jun-?.2'':;:i::;;:

: j u n - > 2 i ;:.;;;•

!Oçtr92;-:ii;:

ie,:il-;"93-^

::ïï::.::ib'::.::.1:;:i''•?z^y::y{y

'.2oyA^3\-U

MPCestab-lished

; i l . ?;J:92;;i:

";l;4;, 8;,;.9.2;;:;::

'•lÀyoï SiVyï

:ïif;8;:92x;;'

Jï-lyWy.

;;ii:7vioiv9'?i|

:;i;oçfti;;::::;i:;i:;•.'çjeiùiiti1]-:-:.':'

^22:;7:::93 .y

?0::il:;:93:.;

;5vir:i:92:;:::

; ^3.J;4L.95:;;;;

Well/LineDug ordeepened

iïuï-32:-:\'-ï.:ï>Bricks;. :;x;;:;.

• R i n g s . •;.::;::: :

ûï-.g^:^-;:::'.king à'y y. •:•:'

::3nï::-92":R ings • ;

••••jW~;$z:."^Ri'rlgs1:-:;

Âiiigi'^j':";Rin9"s;':;;

iAug i;:;:;;!;;;;;:,:Rin9s:;:;:::;:;:::::.

..\\i3r.S2:P:--:y•:Mateii:;:;:;:;i-::>:::

.*apïmm-:

Rings. ;:;:::;;:;:•:

.:N?yir52%i:!iii;.:'Rings::;1:;;;:;;:.. :

'Aügüst-93:

•Àùg?.$2%yy:1 Rings;. ;':::.::;:

"•5zïï;$&y::bûiçehple;:|:;

Rings/pipe in-sta l led

oiaXweii.::bo-::riew " :"" r i n g s ' 'i; : •'

Jui-921 . : ':

J U 1 - . 9 2 ; 1 : - 1 .

• J u l ' 9 2 : - • :

' Jul'-92;.::;:'.

' iÀùg-a' î ' ':.;;

'~h'iïg?'22'---:yj

'aug:-9 2':'i:i;;::

''•juiy.vi-yy

• peC792 ; . - i ; - : - :

Ï3;:.i:.>i'; ;..

•22;,":4i,'9.3:"::.

DA.TE

Slab/Standconst r

A;ug-92>;

Aug-92-;:

Aug-92 ".'

Aug-92 .:

Aug-9 2 :;

Aug-9.2'.;

..À"gL-92;:

.Aug-92;;-

;Dec-92-;i

iï':'iy93 : ; :

:?'2::4v::

31 . 12

Pump/Tapinstalled

.'iîsiy-pump1 '-^ ~::::.

Aug-"Ö2. :":".Bush :: ":

( R D C ) : : ••

14 . ; B . 92 : - . •

F l a m e : "•:

v r h e ê l . •

13.'"S ..9 2 x;:

B u s h :. ;. ''•'[

• ( w o e ) : ' • • • ; ' • •

;i6>'e;.9 2;::'.;S.tL3h.:::.::': -"(RDC) : :: :

::i

;Aug.;92;:::;.:^L'-type"--:

'BÙsji'".:- •:' :::':":CRDCJ:::::::r.:.

"1;.^.;92;::::^:..<rapi"x.:;'::i;:;.;;

.L-tjp.e' :':

:io;i'2:':9 2^Windlass :

25a;:'93 :;:.L . - t y p e • ' •• : . :

3 . . 5 . S 3 .;.•:••

AFRIDEV;i:

. 1993

Chlorinated

"Ain:>2.:.

: y c ! : • : ; • : • •

y , ? . - : • •••

> ' • ' • ••:'::'i:':.'i

'ie^ :ii.|:::':.

yez yyyy

' y e s "•-:-:":;

r . f - r 1 ' ..:;.:.

/ ' • • • i : : : i : ï

:Ï« ;-:";:::

Cattletrough .const r

y e s ' . / ; ; : •

y e s :--V

Ï ? S :.-;>V.

yes'.; :-;;:;::.

iJo'x-:^;^.need : ! :

Y e s . : • • : . : X

SIGNED.

WashBasinConstr

53-^HandedOver

• • iei;..": :;

•r::i:e3Ï;'i:>

i s l e ;" -:i 2 yy;-:''.'•'

: ' : ï s ' V 3 Ï ; : ••:•

:??1:;-QbL.

: : ' ï e s : • • . ' : •

,;;:.ïesS;.:::

^Yés'i^x

•'•'::Ves:;i:::-:-"

:;:Xes ::'\:

•:' : . i

::::_3

(es':"';..

(es-;;;1;.::

X

Où

'b: wpfollow.193

WATER POINT

II N o

14

15

1 6

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

2 6

Constitu-ency

Okankolo

Engela

Ongenga

Engela

Engela

Ohangwena

Ondobe

Ohangwena

Engela

Endola

Ongenga

Eenhana

Eenhana

CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS REPORT

Vil läge

Otyolo

Ouhongo

Oma1 y a ta

Omatunda-Anamukalo

Okahenge

Oshi tarnbi

Eembidi

Okelemba

Omatunda

Omanyoshe

Omufituwanakashole

Oidimba

Oi t i -Itoka

Technic.+ socialinspect .

Aug-92 ; :-

-22v9:.92 .29.9.;"92^;.

2 2.9. 92';.29-9. 92-:

2o:.9:.9i'

24.-9--.92;20,9.93;

20,10:: 92^9.10.92 :

: i 9 . 1 0 . 9 22. IO.-92;;

22'.--H>:.:-92•.•Z1.1Q\_S2

.22.::10':.92;:::

• i 6 , 1 0 ; 9 2 : >

2'8.io.:92--13. l:p."92 :.

23,U; :92::27.10.92: .

i2i.-4:L:93::::::-; . 1 . 5 . 3 V . 9 3 •:.:•;•

,:4."6::93x:;:ï

WPCestab-lished

.DRP... :

main te - :n a n c e ' : -

ï e s : . ; : ;.-:;

i14 i.5 :.93X i

4 , 1 1 . 93 I':

2 1 ; 1 0 . 9 2 ; .

Ye$\yy ]:y

; y e ç ; ) : ; ;;.;.;•:•

x24::ir.'92:

.27:.;ip;;92:;

.'4.'HV92;0.

'h:y<ysi'::'

7 :> ;:?3V'

Wei I/LineDug ordeepened

Sep-92Borehole

Sep-92:Rings.:

"Oct-92 V..!;''R ings . •

''••''92'.i'.':' ; y

Deéperiidg-..13S3. y •:•;-.

;Apjr-93;Rings1::;

Mar SiRings ::

Hàv-92-Rings-:;;

Oqt-92:Rings:-

Dec';-92:Ringfi:::

"o*er?2\:y-:\'::iRingjs.::::; ;:;;;;:;

• ' M a r - 9 ' 3 x - : • • : •

: Borehole;:: ;.

•Haz-i^yyyBorehole1

:-

D A T E : 3 1 . 1 2 . X 9 9 3

Rings/pipe in-stalled

Sep-92

oct-92 .:;

Oct-92

Nov-93 :.;:

a .10 .93 :

Har-93 : ; '

N O V T 9 2 " . • • •

''OcX'ry92"y.

Oec-92' :'.y

Dec-92 :':

:3i:.3!93' '

'_'5^4. 93-'•;'. .

Slab/Standconst r

15 .10.92 .

Oct-92

Oct-92

NOVT93

4 .11 .93

:?.°. •*.• ? 3 „

Mar-93

Npy--92 ';:

Oct-92 :

Dec-92. .

Dec-92 . -.

•n - ' 4 ; ' -':''.93..' -. •; ;

2-.Ê-93 :

Pump/Tapinstalled

15.10.92FlameWheel

24,10.9 2L-type

Windlass6.12.93.

11.11.93

.14Ï4.93- •Lotus x:

Mar-93;.Windlass

?'-:M- 92 :.,i.-,type:. .

. ? a a . - 9 2 ?i,-type;:--;

30:12:. 92L-type :

'21,12.92F l a m e •;>.w h è e 1 . • •

1 2 ; 5 ; 9 3Lbtua : • • ' : :

2'4.6. 93 /Lotus : .

Chi onr:ated

Y^s

ÏC:S . .

Yl-5

Ï " S . ; •

Yt;s: ' : X

ÏL3 -..

ÏL-S. ''. •

ï ï S . , • •

ïeSX .

SIGNED; -^0^

Catt letroughconstr

Nov-93

J.11 .93 - • ' •

1 .2 .93

4 . 2 . 9 3 -

1 3 . 5 . . ::93 >: -

1 3 ^ 7 ; ,•93 :- :

WashBasinConstr

HandedOveir

. . Y e s - ,

Yes

Nopumpye t

: Yes . '• .

" Y e s .

• l e s ' :':.

•; Y e s . ' .

Yes

: Y e s ' . ••

': Yes"'.'

4 . 2 ' . ' •'S3' : "' "

i3';-5 •;93 • .

• • i X e s . ' ; •

33

WATER POINT

No

27

26

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

Constitu-ency

Ondobe

Eenhana

Eenhana

Engel a

Oshikango

Ohanguena

Eenhana

Ongenga

Ondobe

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Ongenga

Ohangwena

CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS

Village

Eenyika

Omevatahekele

Onamutenya

Ohaingu

Olunghono

Omuondeschool

Onamutenya

Okambebe

Eenyika

Okelemba

Orna 1 y ata-East

Oshimwaku

Onaame


6.6. 93 X

\\2\4.93. ;•;

•25:.3..?3.-

16.:6;.93:.:

:Ï2.:3^?3X

28.5. 93 ;;::

26;..5.93..:;::

6.4.93 :•

B.-$:iiJ...

•2O".7;.?3:X.

2Q.7..93.J:i::

3:Xe Xs3 X'- X'

2O;7.;93 X

REPORT

WPCestab-lished

a;:. 6 ; 9 3 •"•;•:

iîX 5;93 X

25,3,93\

:;12:. 3X93 :..;

School .'Commit te:

. & : • : • • • : • : • : : • • : • : .

25.3,93: .:

2 0 •:

23:,

4>93:

&;?i

8v?3:

l;ö;9.,193;X

Well/LineDug ordeepened

Apr-93X "Borehole

>pr-93;: ]:

Borehole

May-93: ..:.Öorehole :

ftpr*93":;. :

Borehole

•July;:93i:.Hater. • .

: t a p : : - ' •••:- Ö

;JÙI-93; :;

Rehabil:. ::öid::tap •• :

:Jvjn-93;;: :;:..Rehab:; of1

old :well: :

Apr-Sis" ...Borehole ..

• July>".93;:>:-:

xShaltovf---: :•wëiî:y;:--;1--:

•:juï-s3:::: •.;;•;

Shall ow:,::::•••Hei'l'-.---'-'----'-

Shall ow.-.v."•HeiioO::;::.;-.

Old Bore-.•h'oio:-:;::^-;:-1

Réhabilitéa t i o n :;::...•; •

.Shal low; -V:•Well\:;:-;:-::V:-B r i c k s ' : '•'•:•''•.

DATE : 3i.i2.i993


16.4.93:•

22.4.93

14 .5v93

30.4.93.:

^^7^93. •

28.5.93

"'2 1 J6Vi9 3"'."' 'i

Apr-93

'lè,:.7".93:.

6:9:93 . "

14.9.93' :

Brick- .:•lining .:

17.9.93 .BrickLining :complete

Slab/Standeonstr

29.6.93

14,5,93

27:, 5.93

16.6.93

28.5..93 . .

10.6.:93.: - . .

4X8.93 :

3.9.93Stand.

15. 9.9

. } : ' • • ' • ' : ".

04.B: 9:.3...-X.

20.9,9:3' .Stand:

Pump/TapinstalJed

7.7.93 : :

L-type

19:5.93 ,Lotus

2.6:'93 -Hira. :

"É.7.93 "Blue tap

26.S.93Blue tap.

19,6.93windlass

4.8.93. '-':«ira : '.>:

Windlass:

9.9.93 ::

-.15-..9. 9 3 ^ 'Hindi ass

17.8.93 :

"filled- .with .:.s a n d " "••

Hindi $55'23.9.93

Chlorinal ed

-V'-;; X X

"21 .5. :

93

2.1. '.? i •

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.•ÏC':. ...:.

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S I GNEO : ^S^^f

Cattletrougheonstr

14 . 7 X :

93

21.5.93-

June9 3 • ":-

i7X6;::::r9 3 : : : •.::;:::

17.7-." :.

93 :^y:

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HashBasinConstr

HandedOver

- ïes ;

21.5;S3 • '

Yes' ::. .

6.7,53 :

28.5. :

9 3 . . • • • •

10.6.9 3 -•;

SaltyWater

4 : B ' •'•'.•••

•93:-: •: •;

9:9.93:.

15.9:93

.Cannotb e . , ; •:

used; •

...Yes .

0>X

CO

WATER POINT CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS REPORT DATE : 31.12. 1993 S I GKTED :

No

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

Constitu-ency

Engela

Ohangwena

Endola

ong^y.

Endola

Engela

Engela

Vil läge

Oîmbanda-lunga

Oshitarnbi

Omahenge

Oshand-umbala

Onghala

'pma t a.


2 5 ; 1 1 i.:9

3«

2<>:

Ï

»••9

w

HPCestab-lished

14,i0:93

IIS;:;i:;i

w g;

! :

i;.

y1-

Hell/LineDug ordeepened

:?S:%''

e:':??;§&:::e::

i '

• : : ! • *

S2i;;i-

S 2 i | :

•


5.10:93 :'

28.10.93

;7.l"P-'93-;-.

:27-.ll. 93;

Slab/Standconstr

.7.11/9::3 \i ••••<;•

7.10 , 93 ' i! • .

U..11;

4.12.93 : ; • • . • : : . • : _

2 . 1 2 , j?i

Wè

Pump/Tapinstalled

Windlass"11.11.93

Windlassia:ll.93

Wind

n;i

i'M.6.12

ÙSS1:93;

laiss-.93^;-;

. 93::::: ;

Chlorinai ed

.yes ;•;>

:Yes'.:.:^

. • - -

Cattletroughconstr

• 3 : :.'---r::."..

• 3 ••''<'••'•• ' .

: 9 3 : ^ : • "••

23" ;-;ii.;

•25.11;..

WashEasinConstr

HandedOver

^-::'--

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ye

,:;Ï

ye

s

e;ä •:• .. '-

S . • • ; . • . . :

>

3

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SID

(D•a2.

CDterialso3a.83=ttunS<npaid by U

NI

Om•T l

atn

TJozxS!

dns

pi

(D

2B;

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R

Tlm313)O

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52

u1.1

2.1

(0IÛU

oCDI•l-el

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WA

TE

R

CO

cTJ

?

OCO>

LLV

ll h

O21 ]

OmOH

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>2OW

EN

/

J3mO

3

LATRINE CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS REPORTNO

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Constituency

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Endola

En gela

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Ongenga

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Engela

Village

Ohangwena

Onekwaya

East

Okacfiia

East

Oshekasheka

Onyofi

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Oshimwaku

Onuno

Ondeihaluka

Onuno

Omafo

Latrine type

Single Bricks

Blair Single

Blair Single

Blair Single

Blair Single

Blair Single

Corrugate Iron

SheetBlair 6 seats

Corrugate Iron

j ing le

Corrugate Iron

Sheet

Corrugate Iron

Sheet

Blair Single

DATE: 31.12.1993 SIGNED: < ^ -More detailed j[ Latrine dug ~][ Foundationinformation JLor deepenedl constructed

Demontr. latrine at

the office

First latrine of

Simon Moses

First latrine of

Nehemia

First latrine of

Haingula

First latrine of

Fillemon Shiweda

Demontr. latrine at

the office

Demontr. latrine at

the officeFirst mufti—seats

latrine

Demonstration to the

community

First toilet for

teachers


community


community

Sep.riaz-•:•

lÉÉill

msÊà

WÊÊÊ

Wït'S

WM ':"

Üflf \

CompietionDate

mfiM

Trainingjxovided

[Comments

Public

School

School

School

School

Public

Public

School

Private

School

Private

Private

LATRINE CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS REPORTNO

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Constituency

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

EngeJa

Ohangwena

Oshikango

Ohangwena

Oshana

Oshana

Oshana

EngeJa

Endoia

Ohangwena

Village

Omatyata

Epatuluto

Engeia

Onekwaya

West

Oshikango

Oshandi

Ongwedrva

Ongwedrva

VaiombolaOngwedrva

Engeia

Endola

Ohangwena

Latrine type

Blair Single

Corrugate Iron

Corrugate Iron

SingleCorrugate Iron

Single

Corrugate Iron

Single

Corrugate Iron

2 - DCS

Compost

Compost

VIP

Bricks SingleCorrugate Iron

SingleBlair

14 — seatsCorrugate Iron

2 - pcs

DATE:More detailed

informationDemonstratto to the

CommunityDemonstration to the

community

Third toilet for

patientsDemonstration

Demonstration

First church

latrineDemonstration for

Project officeMartta's

Cuca shopDemonstration for

project officeFirst toilet for

teachersMr Shihepo

First toilet for

pantients '

31.12.1993Latrine dug

or deepened

• : • • • . • • • : • • ; . • • : • • •

#tö«-:Ä»---:._

ftjb:~ Ö?;-.;•::•"

Ëéb'-:-S3-.:-::.::

*iàr;^:-o9::--::-

^>f>öat,::.::.

Foundation

cxinstructed

•ÜSft'-T-.ÄS-'.-',

i*at-.^:^;-; ••;•.,

Htäpiw^lte::'-.:

.IP«h-wöB-:;

Mer-m ;:•:.;

Way-^ ; : ; : ::

: • : • : • . • • • . : • • • : • . • : - : • . • : • : . • • . • :

SIGNED:Completion HfTraining

Date jjprovided

^tör- 83.•;;;•:

mit.-- m'Vï

M&'r-Q3i:: •:.

* * » : - a a ; . : • • • • . •

. ^ • - * ? - : - : :.

#flß:- 9à."--. .

:Mar.- 93' • .-

Comments

Private

Private

Hospital

Private

Private

Church

Church

Private

Public

School

School

Clinic

ftX

01

LATRINE CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS REPORTNo

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35.

36

Contituency

Oshikango

Oshana

Oshana

Oshana

Oshikoio

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Oshikango

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Oshikango

Village

Odibo

Valombola

Ongwediva

Ongwediva

Oniipa

Onekwaya

EastOnuno

Oshikango

Ohangwena

Ohangwena

Onekwaya

EastOkanghudi

Latrine type

Blair

3 — seatsCompost

Compost

Com post

Compost

Compost

Compost

Blair

10 — seatsBlair

8 — seatsVIP

2 — seatsCorrugate Iron

SingleCorrugate Iron

Single

DATE:More detailed

informationFirst latrine of

AmonTree

nurseryBrick

factoryMême Asteria's

EgumboKinder

GardenPrimary

SchoolShiweda's

EgumboOshikango

SchoolOmuonde

SchoolHamata's

shopNandjembo's

homePohamba

31.12.1993Latrine dug

[information

*<MV:*?-:--:3

iiit

?$/.¥' \

<%^ \

SIGNED: d^Foundation IjCompletion

constructedjjdate

**?$?• :\''-:

Met ^ - 9 3 , .

**~^] ;

• ' : ' . ' . y - - : ' • ' ' . '

11 Aâà: '.' .'•

*'''. I '*!*.". 11*.'.' . ! ! ' * !* .

Mar,— fif3

M a r i . r r . W ••••[

y#^M "••• :j

&&&& . •'•

* * & ^ • ;

***'¥*''.. \

Training [[Comments

Provided)School

Private

Private

Private

Public

School

Private

School

School

Private

Private

Private

LATRINE COSNTRUCTION PROGRESS REPORTNO

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

4a

49

50

Constituency

Eenhana

Ohangwena

Oshikango

Ohangwena

Oshikango

Ondobe

Engela

Ohangwena

Eenhana

Eenhana

Eenhana

Eenhana

Eenhana

Ondobe

Village

Ohaihana

Onamwilwa

Oshikango

Omuloka

Oshikangosquater

Odobe

ClinicEnongelo

SchoolOkatopeSchool

Ohakafiya

SchoolOmhanda

SchoolOheti

Oshitunde

SchoolOnangolo

SchoolOfifiya

School

Latrine type

Corrugate Iron

SingleVIPBricks

SingleCompost

Compost

Corrugate IronSingle

Corrugate Iron

2 unitsCorrugate iron

SingleBlair bricks6 units +4 AmonBlair bricks

2 unitsBlair bricks

2 unitsBlair bricks

2 unitsBlair bricks

2 unitsBlair bricks

2 unitsBlair bricks

2 units

DATE: 31.12.1993 SIGNED: 4&ZMore detailed

informationNangombe

SamTulNghivetwa

T Awene's

houseM.C.Shi luuah's

houseDemonstrationto thecommunityFor men and

women patientsFor

handicappedTraining oftoilet contractors

Jointly

with UNICEFJointly with

UNICEFJointly with

UNICEFJointly with

UNICEFJointly with

UNICEFJointly with

UNICEF

Latrine du or Foundation

deepened constructed

tncOf "*"* •Wo.*"" * *

ifeid

•f ;Aûg-sav:

fr;T::

Aüg ~ ftäf' •:

• * . " ' < : " •

ffl'AW '

: * % ^ ; .

A u g - ^ ^

Ä u g - öä

-Aug •?: :$& .•••

3*^Completion

date

6.6.6Ö " -"-•

. M - ^ â • • : : •

25.Ç.193 • :

^ : . ' . • ' . <

ftug - ©a

Training

date

Comments

Private

Private

Private

Private

Private

Clinic

School

School

School

School

School

School

School

School

X

Ul

LATRINE CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS REPORT DATE: 31.12.1993 SIGNED:No

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

Constituency

Ongenga

Eenhana

Eenhana

Eenhana

Eenhana

Eenhana

Eenhana

Eenhana

Ondobe

Endola

Ohangwena

Endola

Oshikango

Village

Ongenga

OshandiClinic

Oshikunde

Okavela

Ongwuiyu

Ohainengena

Onehonge

Oshipaia

Onangok»Clinic

OnekwayaWest

OkauvaOkatope

OhalushuComb. School

Edundja

Latrine type

VIPBricks3 unitsVIPBricks2 unitsVIPBricks2 unitsVIPBricks2 unitsVIPBricks2 uniteVIPBricks2 unitsVIPBricks2 uniteVIPBricks2 uniteVIPBricks2 unitsIronSheetSingleIronSheetSingleVIPBricks6 uniteVIPBricksSirale

More detailedinfromaiionForPantients

Jointly withUNICEF

Jointly withUNICEF

Jointly withUNICEF

Jointly withUNICEF

Jointly withUNICEF

Jointly withUNICEF

Jointly withUNICEF

Jointly withUNICEF

Mrs KapoJi

Mrs Hendrina

Principal

PermanentSecretaryLHangala

Latrine dug orldeepened ]

^ • ^ • • : :

Öcti^-BEt? :' .:

' • : : • : • : • : • '•'• ' . - : • : . ' : : : : . : . : . ' : •

Foundation IjCompletion jjTraining

constructed Id ate Jßrovided

.ppt-03-....

^W:-":

cüwiä iä -.•••:

• . , ; " ! • * ; . * ; . ; "v • ' ; .

26.10.83

7-1Ä93 . ;

• I ^ I Ä ; Q 3 •:.: •• •

%n£$ . •

^ • • ^ • . ,

r i i föirîoä •: •

:B .-:".'

3 1 . 1 2 , 9 3 •••:••-

: Ä:1 X W : ' - > •.:•:••"•

' • ' • • : - : ' : • : • • • • • • • : • : • • • • • • : :

Comments

ainic

School

Schoolcompleted

Schoolcompleted

Schoolcompleted

Schoolcompleted

Schoolcompleted

Schoolcompleted

Cliniccompleted

Private

Private

Schoollatrine

Privatelatrine

xen

CD

CD

24 -Jan - 94 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT IN OHANGWENA REGION

Annex 6

PERSONNEL WORKED IN THE PROJECT PERMANENTLY (1992 - 1993)

No

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

26

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

NAME

Mr A. Suominen

Mr H. Pelkonen

Mr T. Tirronen

Mrs M. Pelkonen

Mrs U. Seppinen

Mr A. Hurtta

Mrs C. Swart

Mrs M. Truebody

Mrs H. Kapweya

Mrs H Martin

Mr D. Tshikesho

Mr S. Kamwanka

Mr A. Kamati

Mr E. David

Mrs 0. Shiimbi

Mrs M. Shililifa

Ms E. Stefanus

Mr J. Mathias

Mr A. Ananias

Mr P. Kautwima

MrL. Naudili

Mr S. Erastus

MrW. Shapumba

Mr D. Shilongo

Mr P. Epafras

Mrs C. Ndove

Mr T. Awene

Mr J. Hashoongo

Mr F. Shiweda

Mr F. Paulus

Mr G. Hishitelwa

Mr F. Kamati

Mr M. Shikongo

Mr R. Sitwala

Mr A, Shatuka

Mr P. Shikongo

POSITION

Project Coordinator

Planning Adviser

Hydrogeologist

Accountant

Accountant

Field Coordinator

Senior HRD Adviser

Senior CD Adviser

Junior CD Adviser

Junior CD Adviser

Project Manager

Design Technician

Driller

Driller

Secretary

Clerk

Cleaner

Driver

Guard

Chief Guard

CDO

Guard

Driller

Driller

Driller Foreman

Storekeeper

Assistant Accountant

Contstruction Supervisor

Construction Supervisor

Driver

Driver

Handpump Supervisor

Assistant Field Manager

Assistant Accountant

Driver

Construction Supervisor

EMPLOYED

BY

Finnconsult

Finnconsult

Finnconsult

Finnconsult

Finnconsult

Finnconsult

Finnconsult

Finnconsult

Finnconsult

Finnconsult

MAWRD/DRD

MAWRD/DRD

WAWRD/DRD

MAWRD/DRD

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

WSSPOR

DATE OF

START

01.03.1992

20.02.1992

01.03.1992

01.05.1992

26.09.1993

01.10.1993

01.04.1992

01.03.1992

01.03.1992

01.04.1992

01.12.1992

01.12.1992

18.01.1993

18.01.1993

05.05.1992

01.12.1992

18.03.1992

10.09.1992

11.04.1992

09.05.1992

14.08.1992

01.11.1992

18.01.1993

18.01.1993

18.01.1993

14.08.1992

01.09.1992

16.06.1992

01.11.1992

11.04.1992

24.03.1993

31.10.1992

01.02.1993

11.01.1993

18,08.1992

01.06.1992

CONTRACT

ENDED

31.08.1993

31.07.1993

30.04.1993

30.03.1993

14.07.1993

09.03.1993

08.12.1992

STATUS

Continue

Continue

End Contract

End Contract

Continue

Continue

Terminated

Continue

Continue

Continue

Transferred

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue"

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Continue

Resign

Resign

Resign

b:annrper

Fim 10008,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

Annex 7 (1/6)

WSSPOR 1993Cumulative costs

Mmtthi

Iu49»l*d < * •

Afàé •—

EB3

«03 1.318

1,721

Î.W7

>*»

. 2.337 3^11

4.36»

Jgn

3.764

4.771

4,;ii

Au«

4.EM

S.BBfi

6,008

IM»

Oet Hov

e.7«

DM

7 ^ «

7.1«


Annex 7 (2/6)

Budget for 1993Breakdown by components

43.0%

0.2% 36.5%

Revised budgetFim 7.3 million

45.5%

LOG = logistics

WSS » Water Supply andSanitation DevelopmentLST = Local Staff 0 1 %

HUM «• Human Resources Dev.

CST - Consultant's staff

COM - Community Involvement

IMP - Physical improvements

37.2%

Actual costsFim 7,161 million

LOG

CST

WSS

I COM

LST

MMP

HUM

NAMIBIA WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT IN OHANGWENA REGIONBUDGET AND DISBURSEMENT FOLLOW-UP 1993

COSTCODE

SUB-PROJECT

1000 HUM1200 Materials1300 Others

2000 COM2300 Others

3000 WSS3200 Materials

4000 IMP4200 Material4300 Others

5000 LOG5100 Personnel5200 Materials5300 Others

6000 CST6100 Personnel

7000 LST7100 Personnel

8000 CON8100 Personnel8200 Materials8300 Others

9000 TOTAL910092009300

PersonnelMaterialsOthers

BUDGET1993

90000300006000060000600002400002400002763750943750182000060000050000450000100000

30922503092250600000

. 60000054000

00

540007500000374225016637502094000

REVISEDBUDGET

451343041

420931357313573

3274433274432646138136179912843395702409328

47507585837

3116214311621452725852725854000

00

540007300000365280021673581425842

1/93COSTS

H/93COSTS

IN/93COSTS

196911 14444j 149092186! 855' 258817505! 135881 1232136443644

115464115464

10203917954722249193397654328

28054554891925283925283129475129475

00

00

25537121059086!1193667!k 300959

! 2929292919491949

1272748294327978421103371

09142611945

700380700380122813122813

o

o°0

22186358231943885581006884!

00

13376613376620727317565331620-52739

0-6793115192

767459767459102418102418

000o,

1173086-869877 j244076 !59133i

IV/93COSTS

1318914591173092292217261726

1488341160773275733507

0254288079

891828891828125952125952

0000

12159591017780144690

' 53489

TOTAL

6223370885514574957495

252905252905

2649247138153012677174239044328

32946890108

328495032849504808584B0658

0000

7161392376993619709911420464

a

CO

CUMULATIVE DfSBURSEMENT 1992-93

ComponentHuman Resources Dev.Community participationWater Supply and SanitationImplementationLogisticsConsultancyLocal staffCumulative Total

I/920023

305614

1925

11/9268

17464737

1.38528

2.647

llf/926814

271878

1.3172.238

684.854

IV/927541

8141.7851.9722.923

1577.767

I/939445

9292.8052.3113.848

28710.319

H/9310948

9314.0772.5004.548

40912.622

III/9312448

1.0644.2842.5005.315

51113.846

IV/93137

491.0664.4332.5346.207

63715.063

X

O)

\

FIM Million20,000

15,000 -

10,000 -

5,000 -

0

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT 1992-93CUMULATIVE DISBURSEMENT BY COMPONENTS

1/92 II/92 HI/92 IV/92 I/93 il/93 ill/93 IV/93

| i | Technical Assistance *?/• implementation ^§ Logistics Q Water Supply

Local staff H Human Resources ^ | Community participation

X

01


Annex 7 (6/6)

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION 1992-93

(45,9%)

(16,5%)

(37,7%)

i Technical assistance • Materials, investments £3 Others, monitoring

Total Fim 15.063 million]

IIIII

IIIIIIIIIIIIIII

ANNEX 8 (1/2)

Training Activities Conducted 1993Mrs 0 . Shiimbi, the Project Secretary, participated in a Seminar on Office Techniques andSecretarial Skills in Windhoek during 23 March - 3 April 1993. The training course wasorganized by PRODEC and the Private Sector Foundation.Mrs H. Kapweya, Junior CD Adviser, participated in a training workshop on Water PointCommittees in Rehoboth during 25.1 - 5.2.1993. The training workshop was organized by theDirectorate of Rural Development. The main objective of the workshop was to develop a waterpoint committee handbook.Mrs H. Martin, Junior CD Adviser, participated in a training course on Small BusinessManagement organized for NGOs in Windhoek during 21.1 - 23.1.1993.Mr P. Epafras, W. Shapumba, D. Shilongo, A. Kamati and E. David, Drillers,participated in a training course on Hydraulic Rotary Drilling in Ongwediva during 18.1 -29.2.1993. The training was conducted by two German volunteers experienced in using theproject's drilling machine. Thereafter they continued practical in-service training in Mud-RotaryDrilling during the period 21.2 -14.5.1993 with the drilling contractor, Nimtref.Mr F.Shiweda, Construction Supervisor, participated in an on-the-job training course onFerrocement Water Tank Construction in Oshakati during 18.1 -22.1.1993. The training coursewas organized by UNICEF.Mrs H. Kapweya, Junior CD Adviser, represented the Ministry- of Agriculture, Water andRural Development and the project in the Workshop on "Women in Water Supply" in Kenyaduring 15.2 - 27.2.1993. The workshop was organized by IRC and sponsored by theNetherlands Government. Thereafter Mrs Kapweya visited the Finnida Water Project inKenya, Kakamega for one week.Mr F. Shiweda, Construction Supervisor, participated in a training course for GutterInstallation in Oshakati during 1.2 - 3.2.1993. The training course was organized by UNICEF.Mr S.Karawanka and Mr M.Shikongo, Design Technician and Assistant Field Managerrespectively, participated in a training course on " An Introduction to Ground Water" inWindhoek for three days. The course was organized by the Hydrogeological Association ofNamibia.Mrs H. Martin, Junior CD Adviser, participated in a three day training workshop on " Small"Business Development" in Windhoek. The workshop was organized by the NamibianDevelopment Trust.Mrs H. Kapweya, Mrs C. Ndove and Mr L. Naudili, Junior CD Adviser, Storekeeper andCDO respectively, participated in a three day training course on " Conducting AudienceResearch" in Ongwediva. The training was organized by the Department of Water Affairs.Mr M. Shikongo, Assistant Field Manager, participated in an 18 day training course on"Water Harvesting" in Windhoek. The course was organized by the Directorate of RuralDevelopment.Mr F. Shiweda, Construction Supervisor, participated in a training course on "46 m3Ferrocement Tank and VIP-Latrine Construction" in Emono during 24.5 - 2.7.1993. The coursewas organized by UNICEF.Mrs H. Kapweya. Junior CD Adviser, attended the Water Point Committee Workshop inOkashana during 16.8. - 25.8.1993. The workshop was organized and financed by DRD. Themain objective of the workshop was to develop the Water Point Committee Trainer's ManuaLMr J. Hashoongo, Mrs O. Shiimbi and Mr J. Hishekwa, Construction Supervisor,Secretary and Water Point Caretaker respectively, participated in a workshop on " CaretakerManuals" during 30.8 - 17.9.1993. The workshop was organized and financed by theDepartment of Water Affairs. The main objective of the workshop was to develop caretakermanuals for handpumps, wind pumps and diesel pumps.Mrs H. Martin and Mr L. Naudili, Junior CD Adviser and CDO respectively, participatedin a workshop on "Information, Education and Communication" in Oshakati during 7.10. -8.10.1993. The workshop was organized by UNICEF. Main objective of the workshop was todevelop an Information, Education and Communication (IEC) action plan.


ANNEX 8 (2/2)

Mr Teophilus Awene, Assistant Accountant, has been trained one day per week by theProject Accountant, Mrs Ulla Seppinen, since October 1993 (10 days in 1993). The mainsubjects so far are: daily diary of cash transactions, preparing vouchers, using LOTUS forrunning monthly cash and bank registers, design of simple tables, payment of salaries,employee tax calculations and payments, invoice payments and follow-up procedure, balancingof accounts and banking.14 Contractors of the project participated in a three day training course on "Site Measuring"in Ongwediva. The training was conducted by Mr S. Kamwanka and Mr H. Pelkonen.6 Latrine Contractors of the project participated in a on-the-job training course on "SchoolLatrine Construction" in Okatope during 22.7 - 24.9.1993. The training was planned andorganized by the WSSPOR and conducted by Mr. F. Shiweda.8 Well Contractors of the project participated in an on-the-job training course on "ShallowWell Construction" in Amutanga during 27.9 - 22.10.1993. The course was planned andorganized by WSSPOR and UNICEF jointly and conducted by Mr M. Shikongo and Mr J.Hashoongo from WSSPOR and Mr E. Nissen-Petersen from UNICEF. Six trainees fromUNICEF and one trainee from RDC attended the course.Ms Helta Niilenge, Community Mobilizer, from IABP-Tsandi project familiarized herself withthe community work in the WSSPOR under the supervision of Mrs H. Kapweya during 4.10 -15.10.1993.


OIDIMBA BOREHOLE

FENCE MAKING COMMUNITY PROJECT IN OHAINGU FEB '93

MUD - ROTARY DRILLING IN ENGELA ON FEB '93


FERRO - CEMENT WATER TANK CONSTRUCTION JOINTLYWITH UNICEF X993

CONSTRUCTION OF EEMBINDI WELL (BUCKET SYSTEM)

FOUR UNIT SCHOOL LATRINE UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN OKATOPE

LOCAL LATRINE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Documents

I II - IRC :: Home · 824 NAOH94 THE REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND Ministry of Agriculture Water and Rural Development Directorate of Rural Water Supply (DRWS)