IAEA Programme on Nuclear Security: Activities, Goals and Priorities

Muhammad KHALIQSH-MAFA

Division of Nuclear SecurityDepartment of Nuclear Safety and Security

17 May 20181

What Are the Materials?

• Nuclear materials (uranium, plutonium and thorium in different forms)

• Radioactive sources• Radioactively contaminated

materials

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Scope of application

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• Over 440 operating nuclear power plants, providing ~ 11 % total electricity worldwide

• Nearly 250 research reactors • Over 300 fuel cycle facilities • More than 70 new nuclear power plants are being built in 15 countries • About 30 new countries embarking on nuclear power programmes• Millions of radioactive sources used in medicine, agriculture, industry,

research…etc.• Establishing an effective and sustainable nuclear security infrastructure is

crucial for the protection of individual, people, society and the environment

Potential ConsequencesHealth

• Blast• Radiation

Exposure• Deterministic• Stochastic

Economic• Property damage• Decontamination• Evacuation /

relocation• Business

disruption

Environmental• Contamination

of air, soil, and water resources

• Disruption of ecosystems

Societal• Effects on

human behavior, relationships, and organization

• Effects on political processes

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Nuclear Security

Prevention Detection Response

… theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear or other radioactive material or their associated

facilities5

Nuclear SecurityPrevention, Detection and Response Measures

Material Origin

Material Use

Material Disposal

Material Transport

Material Loss or Theft

Preventive Measures

Detection Measures

Response Measures

Nuclear Security

Event

Material Under Regulatory Control Material Out of Regulatory Control

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Domains of Nuclear Security

Nuclear Security

Protection of materials and

facilities

Threat and risk assessment

Physical protection

Nuclear material accounting and inventory control for

nuclear security

Computer and information

security

Transport security

Materials out of regulatory

control

National detection architecture

Response to nuclear security events involving

MORC

Nuclear forensics

Radiological crime scene management

Nuclear security at major public events

Human factor

Preventing and protecting against the

insider threatNuclear security culture

Human resource development

Legal and regulatory framework

International legal framework

National laws and regulations

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Legally Binding Legally Non-binding

IAEA IMOUN IAEAICAO

General Assembly

Security Council

THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK

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IAEA

NON-BINDING INSTRUMENTS

CPPNM CPPNMAmendment

Early Notification &

Assistance Conventions

BINDING INSTRUMENTS

INFCIRC/225/Revision 5

Code of Conduct and

Import/Export

Guidance

NON-BINDING INSTRUMENTS

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The Role of the IAEANuclear security is a national responsibility.

The IAEA:• Supports States, upon request, in their

efforts to establish and maintain effective nuclear security through assistance in capacity building, guidance or standards, human resource development and risk reduction

• Facilitates adherence to implementation of international legal instruments related to nuclear security

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IAEA Nuclear Security Activities

All IAEA nuclear security activities are implemented in accordance with the nuclear security plan. • Latest NSP 2018-2021 approved by BoG and adopted by

the GC61 on 17 September 2017• Reaffirms the Agency central role in international nuclear

security• Follows the programmatic outline of the Agency’s

Programme and Budget for 2018-2019 (Programme 3.5)

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NSP 2018-2021 Programme Elements

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Information Management• Assessing nuclear security needs and priorities

– Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plans (INSSPs)– NUSIMS Self-assessment Tool– States’ requests and offers of assistance matrix

• Information sharing– Incident & Trafficking Database (ITDB)– Sharing of other information voluntarily provided by States (under A/CPPNM, IPPAS good

practices, etc.)• Information and computer security, and information technology services

– Guidance– Training courses– Technical assistance– Coordinated Research Projects

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Nuclear Security of Materials and Associated Facilities (MAFA)• Nuclear security approaches for the whole nuclear fuel cycle

– Physical protection– Nuclear security culture– IPPAS missions, good practices

• Enhancing nuclear materials security using accounting and control– NMAC– Insider threat

• Upgrading security of radioactive material and associated facilities– Capacity building, lifecycle management of disused sources, CoC, IPPAS missions– Physical protection upgrades

• Nuclear security in the transport of nuclear and other radioactive material– Training, exercises, practical assistance, regulatory framework

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This is focus of MAFA for 2018:1. International Conference on the Security of Radioactive Material: The WayForward for Prevention and Detection2. Assist Seibersdorf in meeting IPPAS Nuclear Security recommendations3. Three ongoing CRPs: Research Reactors and Associated Facilities,Improvements in Preventive and Protective Measures against Insider Threats,Development of Nuclear Security Culture Enhancement Solutions.4. Enhancement of regulatory regime for physical protection in Member Statesembarking on nuclear power and research programmes.5. Technical guidance in revision and development (10)6. Advisory Service missions (6) New Challenges: Addressing risk ofsabotage, computer security for transport, evolving security threats andadvanced security technologies, addressing interfaces.

Nuclear Security of Materials Out of Regulatory Control

• Institutional infrastructure for material out of regulatory control– National MORC infrastructure– INSServ missions, good practices– Capacity building

• Nuclear security detection and response architecture– Technical support for States to establish detection and response measures for MORC– Major public events– Capacity building– Radiation detection equipment

• Radiological crime scene management and nuclear forensic science– Guidance– Training and education– CRPs– National nuclear material databases and national nuclear forensic libraries 16

Programme Development and International Cooperation • International cooperation on nuclear security networks and partnerships

– Information Exchange Meetings and other coordination– ICONS (2019)– Universalization of A/CPPNM, POC meetings, Review Conference (2021)

• Education and training for human resource development– IAEA training and train-the-trainer– NSSCs and NSSC Networks– INSEN and educational materials, guidance and programmes– E-learning

• Coordinating nuclear security guidance and advice services– Nuclear Security Guidance Committee (NSGC)– Advisory Group on Nuclear Security (AdSec)

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External Coordination

• Border Monitoring Working Group meetings in May and November 2017

• Information Exchange Meetings in April and November 2017• 7th Meeting of the Working Group on Radioactive Source

Security (WGRSS) held in April 2017

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Supporting the Nuclear Security Framework Globally

• Technical Meeting of the Representatives of States Parties to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and the CPPNM Amendment

• As of today 156 States are party to the CPPNM• So far, 116 States ratified the A/CPPNM• During 2017, 8 States ratified A/CPPNM (Bangladesh,

Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Madagascar, Monaco, Namibia, Senegal)

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IAEA Nuclear Security Series (NSS)

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The Nuclear Security Guidance Committee (NSGC), open to all Member States, makes recommendations on the development and review of the Nuclear Security Series.

The Nuclear Security Series (NSS), developed in close consultation with Member State experts, bring together good practices suitable for broad implementation.

28 NSS Publications include:1 Fundamentals3 Recommendations15 Implementing Guides9 Technical Guidance

Development of the NSS Guidance

• Published in 2017-2018:– One Technical Guidance (NSS-28-G)– One Implementing Guide (NSS-27-G)– Six translations

• Previously approved by NSGC, awaiting publication:– Six Implementing Guides (4 new, 2 revisions)– Two Technical Guidance publications

• Approved by the NSGC in 2017: – Three Implementing Guides– Two Technical Guidance publications

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Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plan (INSSP)

• The overall objectives of an INSSP are:– To identify and consolidate the nuclear security needs of an individual

State an integrated document that includes the necessary nuclear security improvements, based on the IAEA’s Nuclear Security Series documents.

– To provide a customized framework for coordinating and implementing nuclear security activities conducted by the State concerned and the IAEA.

• All States are encouraged to develop and approve INSSPs and to take advantage of the Nuclear Security Information Management system (NUSIMS) self-assessment tool

Global Needs Identified by Region

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48 INSSP States

15 INSSP States

27 INSSP States

14 INSSP States

50%

20%

10 %

Total # of activities requested: 330

20%

Global Needs Identified by Nuclear Security Area(# of activities requested)

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Peer Reviews / Advisory ServicesInternational Nuclear Security Advisory Service (INSServ)

Focuses on:

• nuclear and other radioactive material out of regulatory control

• general overview of key elements of national nuclear security regime

• Identification of needs for improvement of legal and institutional framework and technical means

• 80 INSServ to 65 States• The Agency is currently finalizing guidelines for

INSServ missions. These will be primarily addressed to team members of INSServ missions and to Member States that are considering hosting a mission.

International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS)

Focuses on:

• nuclear and other radioactive material underregulatory control

• in depth review of physical protection regime • Identification of needs for enhancement at state and

facility (activity) level, including transport• 83 IPPAS to 50 States and in the IAEA Laboratories

in Seibersdorf

Provided upon request from States

Statistics of IPPAS Missions• 83 mission conducted since 1996• 20 follow-up missions• 50 countries received mission• More than 140 experts from 36 countries participated in IPPAS missions.• Latest missions were conducted in Hungary, China, Germany, Lithuania,

Australia and in Democratic Republic of Congo in 2017 and in Ecuador and France in 2018

• Requests for IPPAS mission received from Japan, Madagascar, Switzerland and Turkey.

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IPPAS Mission: Outputs/Benefits• IPPAS report providing:

• Independent views and recommendations by international team of experts

• Advice, which establishes solid basis for further enhancement of the national physical protection regime

• Exchange of international experience

• Broadening knowledge• International recognition and

sharing of good practices

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Risk Reduction and Security Improvement• Category 1 and 2 sources repatriated in six countries• Physical Protection Upgrades initiated in five countries; upgrade of national storage

facilities; management of disused sources through recycling, repatriation, pilot borehole project

• Support for major public events: The IAEA has provided assistance for the implementation of nuclear security measures during planning, preparedness and main event phases to:

– Philippines MPE Support for the 31st ASEAN Leaders Summit 2017– Panama Support for the World Youth Conference 2019– Vietnam MPE Support for APEC 2017– Uzbekistan MPE Support for Sharq Taronalari Music Festival 2017– Kazakhstan MPE Support in the framework of Expo 2017– Ukraine MPE Support in the framework of Eurovision 2017

• Material Assistance for Detection of MORC

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Human Resources Development• 111 training courses and workshops (21 International, 35 Regional, 55 National)

were conducted in 2017, trained 2072 participants• Several national and regional training and education needs analysis missions

and workshops conducted• 16 E-Learning Modules available (6 new since June 2017)

Free of charge at elearning.iaea.org 4 topical areas: Crosscutting, Nuclear Security of Materials and Facilities, Nuclear Security of

Materials Outside of Regulatory Control, Information and Computer Security All e-learning modules (up to 2017) will be offered in all official languages of the IAEA by 2021 To date 798 users completed at least one e-learning module, and received a certificate of

completion

• IAEA Assistance for establishing a NSSC in Egypt, Malaysia

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Goals and priorities for 2018• Initiate preparations for the Review Conference on the Amendment to the

CPPNM to take place in 2021– POC Meeting in Q4 2018

• “International Conference on Security of Radioactive Materials: the Way Forward for Prevention and Detection,” Vienna in December 2018

• Preparations for the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Security– Q1 2020

• Continue the development and revision of international guidance and recommendations

• Report on the implementation of the Nuclear Security Plan 2014-2017

Goals and priorities for 2018• Peer review and advisory services

– Six IPPAS missions planned– Finalize the guidelines for INSServ missions

• Continue promoting Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plans (INSSP)– Full implementation of new standard INSSP template– 23 INSSP Review Meetings, 6 INSSP Finalization Meetings– 2 Regional (Central American & Caribbean and South & East Asia), 1 International

meeting on INSSPs for States Embarking on Nuclear Power

• Maintain Incident and Trafficking Database (ITDB)– Outreach Activities – 4 Sub-Regional & 2 National Information Exchange Meetings– Triennial Points of Contact Meeting – May

• Continue assistance to States in information and computer security

Goals and priorities for 2018• Coordinated Research Projects

1. Nuclear Security for Research Reactors and Associated Facilities2. Development of Nuclear Security Assessment Methodologies (NUSAM) for Regulated

Facilities3. Improved Assessment of Alarms from Radiation Detection Systems4. Development of Nuclear Security Culture Enhancement Solutions5. Enhancing Computer Security Incident Analysis at Nuclear Facilities6. Enhancing Security in Transport of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material7. Preventive and Protective Measures against Insider Threats at Nuclear Facilities

• 2nd Technical Meeting on Radiation Detection Instruments for Nuclear Security: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities 16-20 April, Vienna

• 3rd International Coordination Meeting for Front Line Officers, 8-10 October, Vienna• International Seminar on the Regulatory Inspections of Nuclear Facilities with respect

to nuclear security

Goals and priorities for 2018• Three international and two regional schools on nuclear security planned

– Trieste, Italy, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish), Abuja, Nigeria (Africa),Jakarta, Indonesia (Asia & the Pacific)

– TBC (in Arabic)

• ITCs (27), RTCs (59), TMs (25) and NTCs (61)• INSEN and NSSC network meetings• Training and education needs analysis missions and workshops• Train-the-trainer workshops and seminars• Senior managers and administrators seminars• International workshop on leadership in nuclear security• Outreach seminars for Vienna-based diplomatic corps

Thank you!