Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
iDAS Troubleshooting 101Scott Wells, RCDD, WD
What to look for when your system does no operate as planned.
iDAS
PASSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE
Coax• Typical 50 Ohm Coax types• Various sizes ½” being most common• Leaky or Radiating Cable • Do’s• Do not’s• Pathway Support
Fiber Optic Cable• Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable• Some vendors can use Multi Mode in specific cases• System Tolerance's (Fiber Budget)• Fiber Repeaters (long distance, or high loss)
Coax Connectors• N Type
– Most common in legacy systems
• DIN Type– The new standard? – Why?
• Terminations• Cutting Cable
Coax Connectors Cont‐• Cleaning Cable Ends
• Connector Torque
Fiber Connectors• SC/APC – Why?
– Back reflection (Return Loss)– We don’t like Backscatter – Why?
Fiber Optic Cont‐• LC/APC
– Used by some OEM.
Testing• PIM / VSWR
– What is PIM / VSWR? Why do we care?– PIM (Passive Intermodulation)
Testing Cont‐– VSWR (Voltage Standing Wavelength Ratio)– Coax Cable Testing
– Walk Test
Testing Cont‐• Fiber Testing
– Loss Budget– Back Reflection
WSP MACRO
Overcoming the Macro• What is “The Macro”• Was there a Building Baseline completed?
– What does this tell you?
• Donor Location– Realign Donor Antenna?– Frequency Swap?
• Building Antenna locations
Public Safety• Is it a requirement in your area?• Will you combine it on the DAS or operate as a stand alone system?
• Public Safety shares a portion of the 800 MHz band, in some cases this can be an issue.
2 Way Radio / Paging• Is this a requirement on your site?• What frequencies?
– Frequency Pairs
• Lower frequencies less antennas.
IOS Users• *3001#12345#*
WSP Info• Depending on what WSP you use your data will appear differently
• Verizon and Sprint use same technology (CDMA, 1xEV‐DO, LTE, AWS)
• AT&T and T Mobile use same technology (GSM/EDGE, UMTS/HSPA)
Android Users• *#*#4636#*#*
ENGINEERING DESIGN
Design Specifications• What were the Design Specifications?• Link Budget• Where they adequate?• Low or No coverage areas?• Overcoming the macro in high rise buildings.
Link Budget
Frequency 750 750 880 880 880 1960 1960 1960 MHz
Technology LTE LTE CDMA UMTS GSM CDMA UMTS GSM
Composite Power Output
# of Channels 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4
Power per Channel 27.0 27.0 21.0 23.2 13.2 21.0 21.7 11.7 dBm
Splitter/combiner Losses -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 dB
1/2-inch Cable Length 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 feet
1/2-inch Cable Loss -3.0 -3.0 -3.3 -3.3 -3.3 -5.3 -5.3 -5.3 dB
Antenna Gain 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 dBi
Antenna Output 15.5 15.5 9.2 11.4 1.4 8.6 9.3 -0.7 dBm
Distance (Radius) 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 feet
Free Space Path Loss -55.9 -55.9 -57.3 -57.3 -57.3 -64.3 -64.3 -64.3 dB
Body Loss -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 dB
Wall/Clutter Loss -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 0.0 dB
Fade Margin -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 dB
Pilot -27.8 -27.8 -8.2 -10.0 0.0 -8.2 -10.0 0.0 dB
DL Pilot RSSI Level -86.2 -86.2 -74.3 -73.9 -73.9 -81.8 -82.9 -72.9 dBm
Link Budget Calculations - 1 Watt OEM Remote Hub Unit
30 30 30
Macro Pollution• What does this mean?• How is this design different from a coverage design?• Pre Install RF Survey.
– Most important– Adjusting coverage after post install survey
Post Install RF Survey• Are you seeing what you expected to see?
– Why so or maybe why not?
• Importing data into iBwave.
CARRIER COORDINATION
The Biggest Hurdle• Communicate with WSP early• Who pays for signal source?• Establish timeline for commissioning• Commissioning day
– What to expect– Preparation is key
TWEAKING THE DAS SYSTEM
Up Link (UL)• What is Up Link?
– Uplink Attenuation• Why do we care• How do you tell if you have poor uplink
Downlink (DL)• What is Downlink?
– Downlink Attenuation• Why do we care• How do you tell if you have poor downlink
Balance of Power• UL verses DL• Attenuation
Signal Source• BDA
– What is?
• Femtocell, Picocell, Small Cell– Define
• BTS– Define
Signal Source Cont‐• What signal level are you expecting?• What signal level are you seeing?• Who can make power adjustments?• Macro shifting
Coverage Issues• Solving for Coverage or Capacity?
– RSCP– RSSI
• What are design requirements?• Change in floor plan layout
Coverage Issues• Soft Handoff Issues
– Define
• Free Space Path Loss (FSPL)36.6+20*log10(distance in miles)+20*log10(Freq)
Coverage Cont‐• You will lose up to 40% to 50% or so of your RSSI within the first 10 to 20 feet from the antenna.
• After that it is a logarithmic function of RSSI• Spot checking signal with Spectrum Analyzer
QuestionsScott WellsRCDD, WD [email protected] Engineer Mobility Group 410‐691‐3106
Optical NetworksPON & DAS Technologies
Richard BaldasarreSolutions Architect, Mobility
Agenda• Technology Overview
– Passive Optical Networking– Distributed Antenna Systems
• Case Study ‐ Interoperability• Solutions Deployment
Passive Optical Networking• Fiber to the work area, copper patch
cables to devices• Standards Based• Voice/Data/Video/Wireless• Desktop/end devices
– Any Ethernet Network Device• Power over Ethernet• Gigabit Ethernet Plus• Five 9’s reliable• Green, Energy Efficient
PON Services and Devices
• Desktops• Laptops• Printers• Phones
• WAP (POE)• VTC• IP Cameras• Fax
Architecture ComparisonTraditional LAN Passive Optical LAN
Apps
FiberSplitter
56 PassiveOptical LANs
4 Port PoEWork Group
Terminal (ONT)
Fiber 32
Single Mode Fiber
Fiber 1
POL 1
POL x
~12 miles<20km>
Core Switch/Router
Riser ClosetFloor n.
Work GroupSwitch
7000+StationaryDevices
WLAN
Power, Cooling,Battery Backup
Multi Mode Fiber
Core Switch/Router
Power, Cooling,Battery Backup
DistributionSwitch/Router
Riser ClosetFloor 1
Enterprise Access Switch(OLT)
Apps
4 Port Work Group Terminal (ONT)
~300 ft<100m>
CAT‐5/6
FiberSplitter
Work GroupSwitch
WLAN
~300 ft<100m>
Optical LAN Benefits4 Reasons Why Passive Optical LANs Outperform Legacy Copper Based LANs1. Scalability 2. Sustainability Initiatives3. Space Savings 4. Services and Network Convergence, including WirelessPON cost effectively supports voice, video, wireless access (Wi‐Fi and DAS), security systems, fire detection systems, door access systems, point of sale systems, CCTV monitoring, digital signage , and server‐based/cloud‐based applications
Scalability• Bandwidth Capacity = Infrastructure ProtectionSingle Mode Fiber has no Theoretical Bandwidth Ceiling. Proven to support 100Tbps
• ReachPON Diameter can each 18 Miles end‐to end (300x greater distance than copper
Sustainability Initiatives • Energy Savings are Reoccurring Annual Operational Savings
– Optical LAN provides up to 80% reduction in power and can eliminate TRs• Power rippling effects = less AC‐DC, DC‐DC, UPS, battery backup, emergency power
– Optical LAN provides up to 80% reduction in thermals and eliminates TRs• Thermal rippling effects = less building load, less A/C and ventilation
– All of the above can be accounted for and applied to lowering carbon footprint
Space Savings• Main Data Center
– One 11RU OLT (main data center aggregation) can serve 8,000 gigabit Ethernet end‐points within 18 miles
– Legacy copper LAN would require 4x as much hardware, alternatively Optical LAN occupies 90% less space
• Telecom Closets– Optical LAN reduces or even eliminates Telecom Closets – One single mode fiber strand and serve 128 gigabit
Ethernet end‐points– Serve higher number of IP/Ethernet devices with less
cabling (i.e. less cable girth & weight
Service and Network ConvergenceSmart/Intelligent Building Automation
• BMS (Building Management System) and BAS (Building Automation System) Building monitoring devices and system reporting /
analysis tools require high speed connectivity• The majority of BMS/BAS monitoring devices
today are IP/Ethernet‐based Seamless connectivity into existing (or new) LAN is critical
• Connectivity Solutions VoIP/SIP; IP PBX, Unified Communications Analog/TDM/POTS Cloud Based/LAN Based Application Servers
• The LAN must ensure adequate bandwidth, security, authentication, and quality of service specific to each device
Gigabit Passive Optical Networking
• Each PON Supports a Single Optical Fiber Carrying 2 Wavelengths; a rate of 2.4G/1.2G, Up to 64 End Devices, Maximum Span of 20km
– 1490 nm downstream (TDM) carrying Voice, Data, and Switched Video– 1310 nm Upstream (TDMA) Carrying Voice, Data, and Video Signaling Traffic
• GPON Standard Supports Overlay Wavelengths within the 15xx range– Currently used to Support RF‐based Video Delivery– In the near Future will be used to Support DWDM Services
PON Benefits• Unlimited Bandwidth – Future Ready• Less Electronics = Higher Reliability, Cost Savings• Reduction in Power Consumption & Cooling Costs• Reduction in Cabling Costs and Non‐renewable materials• Ceiling Space and Fire load Savings PON occupies up to 90% less space than legacy copper LAN
Conventional Cables144 copper cables (Data) 144 copper cables (Voice)
Optical LAN Cables (SMF)144 single mode fibers (Data,
Voice and Video)
Why Use PON• PON Works
– It’s a Technically Sound and Proven Technology– Delivers Voice, Data and Video over a Single Infrastructure– Has all of the Capabilities of “active Ethernet”– Security – 128 bit encryption– PoE
• PON Reduces Management Tasks• PON Significantly Reduces Support Requirements• PON has a Positive Environmental Impact• Significant Savings are Possible for Installation Costs as well as O&M Costs
Distributed Antenna Systems• DAS Function
– RF Transportation System• DAS Applications
– Public Safety– Land Mobile Radios– Cellular / Commercial
• Why is DAS for Cellphones “Special” / Different– Regulated– Monitored– Requires Approvals
Regulated• FCC Auctioned Spectrum• Conditions
– Licensee Responsible for Performance Metrics • FCC Definitions
– Consumer Booster• Register with your local WSP
– Industrial Booster• Requires Express Consent of FCC Licensee
– wireless.fcc.gov/signal‐boosters/index.html
DAS 101DAS Terminology• IBW: In‐building Wireless• Neutral Host: Multi Carrier DAS• HetNet: Heterogeneous Network• Technology; 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE, 5G• RF Signal Source Cellular Repeater aka BDA
(Bi‐Directional Amplifier) BTS = Base Transceiver Station Small Cell
• DAS Cellular Enhancement Cell Booster Radio Frequency Repeater System
Funding Models• Enterprise• Carrier• 3rd Party / NHP
A distributed antenna system, or DAS, is a network of spatially separated antenna nodes connected to a common source via a transport medium that provides wireless service within a geographic area or structure. ~ Wikipedia
DAS Solutions• Cellular (WSP) Voice and
Data 2G/3G/4G• Land Mobile Radios/2‐way
First Responder Security/Facilities
• Paging • WMTS – Medical Telemetry• WiFi / WLAN; RTLS –
Location Systems• Next Generation
Device to Device ?
Passive DAS
Active DAS – Fiber/Coax #1
Active DAS – Fiber/Coax #2
Active DAS – Fiber Only
Case Study – Football Stadium• College Venue
– 106,500 Seat Stadium– 8,000+ PON/Ethernet Ports– 1,200 802.11 WAPs– 1,000 Interactive TVs – Smartphone App– PON & DAS Share 144 Strand SMF cables 36” cable trays installed – 10” being used
– 51 Sectors
Combined PON & DAS ArchitectureOLT ONT
• Wi‐Fi• Point of Sale• Interactive TV• Security Camera• PCs• VoIP Phones
2.4 Gbs 1.4 Gbs
DAS Optical Transport
DAS RF Interface
Optical LineTerminal (OLT)
Patch Panel -Splitter Housing& DAS Power Injector DAS RAU
WSP Services
EthernetCore Router
OpticalNetworkTerminal(ONT)
Solution Deployment
Integrated IT SolutionsProject Deployment
Requirements Gathering
Survey & Design
Proposal & Pricing
System Installation
Carrier Coordination
DAS Activation& Integration
System Test& Verification
Project Documentation & Close Out
Warranty & Maintenance
Understanding Customer Requirements• Current Needs
– Mission Critical; Desired; ROI/Budgeting– Public Safety? Which Commercial Providers? – Which Frequency Bands?; 700, 800, 850, 1900, 2100, 2500MHz– Which Technologies?; 3G, 4G, LTE– How Many Occupants/Wireless Users?– Coverage Requirements? (Partial Building; Entire Building; Campus
(Elevators; Stairwells; Mechanical Spaces)• Future Expectations
– Additional Coverage Areas– Additional Carriers, New Services
• Special Considerations– New Construction, Renovation, or Expansion– Working Hours; Daytime, After Hours– Preferred Low Voltage Contractor?– Aesthetic and Architectural Requirements
Site SurveySite Features to Evaluate• Cable Pathways• Equipment Locations• RF Propagation Characteristics• Ambient RF Environment• Macro Serving Cell Sites• Aesthetics
DesignRF Considerations• Active or Passive DAS• OEM Selection• RF Signal Source for the DAS• In‐Building Antenna
Placement• RF Link Budgets• Carrier Approvals ‐ Required Construction Considerations
• Defined Scope of Work • Pricing/Proper Budgeting• Project Schedule• Staffing Plan• Material Storage
Link Budget
Frequency 750 750 880 880 880 1960 1960 1960 MHz
Technology LTE LTE CDMA UMTS GSM CDMA UMTS GSM
Composite Power Output
# of Channels 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4
Power per Channel 27.0 27.0 21.0 23.2 13.2 21.0 21.7 11.7 dBm
Splitter/combiner Losses -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 dB
1/2-inch Cable Length 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 feet
1/2-inch Cable Loss -3.0 -3.0 -3.3 -3.3 -3.3 -5.3 -5.3 -5.3 dB
Antenna Gain 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 dBi
Antenna Output 15.5 15.5 9.2 11.4 1.4 8.6 9.3 -0.7 dBm
Distance (Radius) 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 feet
Free Space Path Loss -55.9 -55.9 -57.3 -57.3 -57.3 -64.3 -64.3 -64.3 dB
Body Loss -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 dB
Wall/Clutter Loss -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -10.0 0.0 dB
Fade Margin -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 dB
Pilot -27.8 -27.8 -8.2 -10.0 0.0 -8.2 -10.0 0.0 dB
DL Pilot RSSI Level -86.2 -86.2 -74.3 -73.9 -73.9 -81.8 -82.9 -72.9 dBm
Link Budget Calculations - 1 Watt OEM Remote Hub Unit
30 30 30
ProposalProposal Elements• Design Information
– Bill of Materials• Construction
– Labor of Effort– Schedule
• Solution Description– Coverage
• Pricing
System InstallationDisciplined Project Management• Responsibilities Matrix;
Prime/Subcontractors/Installation team• Stakeholder Management• Regular/Weekly Status Reports• In‐Process Quality ReviewsInstallation• Stage Delivery to Match Installation
Schedule (Lead‐time issues)• Cable Rough‐in and Termination• Equipment Mounting, Interconnections,
Setup & Testing
Carrier Coordination ‐WhyThe Carriers must always be involved!• DAS Solutions Rebroadcast Licensed & Regulated Spectrum• Carriers own their Spectrum (Licensed from the FCC)• Carriers must Approve the Design to Ensure their Participation• Carriers Issue Rebroadcast Agreements /Letter of Authorizations
If the Carriers are not Involved• Right & Authority to shutdown the DAS & keep it off• DAS Owner left with a costly and non‐functional system• There is usually no recourse; a system redesign resolving deficiencies
and meeting Carrier approval must be performed, or remain off air
Carrier Coordination – Activities• Submit Design, BoM, Link Budgets & Predictive Analysis
for Technical Approval• Follow up with Carrier on Approval Status• Modify Design or Provide Clarification as Required• Provide Client/Venue Information for Legal Agreements• Follow up to Ensure Approval Process Moves Forward• Coordinate Signal Source & DAS Activation Activities• Provide As‐Built Documentation upon Project Completion
Testing and Verification•Component & Cable Testing Return loss, DTF, PIM Optical loss, Reflections Antenna Testing
•DAS Equipment Configuration & Testing•Continuous Wave/RF Testing• Signal Source Activation•Optimization and Fine Tuning Power, UL/DL, Antenna Direction
• System Verification Survey & Verify Performance Metrics
Specialized Tools & Expertise Required
• Design• Survey• Testing
Project Documentation• Cabling Pathways• Antenna Placements• Equipment Configuration• Survey Results
Manufacturer Description Part Number Unit QTYTE Conectivity Spectrum-Prism - Host Unit - No DARTS FWP-00000HUII ea 2TE Conectivity Spectrum-Prism - Host Unit - 850 CELL, Classic DART FWU-20000HUDART ea 2TE Conectivity Spectrum-Prism - Host Unit - 1900 PCS, SuperDART FWU-86000HUDART ea 4TE Conectivity Spectrum-Prism - Host Unit - 2100 AWS, SuperDART FWU-A6000HUDART ea 3TE Conectivity Spectrum-Prism - Host Unit - 700 LTE, SuperDART FWU-L6000HUDART ea 2TE Conectivity Spectrum DART Remote Unit SPT-0000DRUII ea 4TE Conectivity Spectrum, 850 CELL, IF DART SPT-000000850IFD ea 4TE Conectivity Spectrum, 1900 PCS, IF DART SPT-000001900IFD ea 4TE Conectivity Spectrum, 2100 AWS, IF DART SPT-002100AWSIFD ea 4TE Conectivity Spectrum, 700LTE DART (SISO) SPT-00700UPC1IFD ea 4TE Conectivity Spectrum, 700LTE DART (MIMO) SPT-00700UPC2IFD ea 4TE Conectivity Spectrum IF Expansion Unit SPT-00000IFEU-1 ea 6TE Conectivity Spectrum Power Supply SPT-2400ACDC-1 6TE Conectivity Spectrum Fiber Transceiver FWU-SMCW1470XVR ea 8TE Conectivity Spectrum, 850-1900 Main Remote Access Unit (RAU) SPT-8519-1 ea 8TE Conectivity Spectrum, 700 MIMO Secondary RAU SPT-S1-7070-1-MIMO ea 8TE Conectivity Spectrum, 1900-2100AWS Main RAU SPT-M1-19AWS-1 ea 8TE Conectivity Spectrum, 700 SISO-2100AWS Secondary RAU SPT-S1-70AWS-1-SISO ea 8TE Conectivity Omni Antenna, (3) 72" pigtails, 700/800-2100/2400-2500 4214-M727 ea 16
TE ConectivityRG-6/U, 75 Ohm, Plenum, Hub to RAU distances up to 450 feet (1000ft) 862733 ea 5
Belden RG-11/U, 75 Ohm, Plenum, Hub to RAU, distances up to 650 feet 7732A ea 5
Warranty & Maintenance• Service Level Agreements
– Severity Levels– Response Times
• Site Access• Remote Access
– Monitoring– Maintenance
• Annual Performance Inspection
Integrator /Partner Selection• Key Attributes
– Solutions Focus– Technology Focused Engineering– Project Management Experience– Program Management Experience– Partnership Mentality– Service and Support Capabilities
