If You See: Neolithic Revolution

If You See: Neolithic RevolutionThink of: End of the last Ice Age People began to settle = Civilizations developed- Major river valleys - Huang He, the Indus, and the Nile civilizations 1

If You See: Brahma, dharma, and Moksha

Think Of: HinduismThis is a picture of Hagia Sophia. If you were to see a picture like this think of the Byzantine Empire &/or Russia (Cyrillic alphabet).

The economic wealth of Calicut, Mogadishu, and Venice in the 13th century was primarily dependent on their?If you were to see a similar question like the one above you should automatically ponder what do these three things have in common THINK! Well? They are grand coastal cities: coastal locations.

Follow the same pattern for similar lining of questions If theres a question asking what do these three/four things have in common, find out what you know about at least ONE of them. More times than not, that will eventually lead you to the correct answer please trust me on this. If you see Black DeathYou should automatically think of: - Mass deaths A shortage of workers developed. -This originated from European trading and traveling to the east (China), where the Bubonic Plaque/Black Death began. - While the plague led to the Death of over 1/3 of Europes population, the Crusades, the trade and travel that stemmed from it played a huge role in ending feudalism (land based economic system). If you see The Prince, Niccol MachiavelliThink of the: - The rise of princes/kings political power. - Wrote his work during the Renaissance era. - Two most famous quotes: + Its better to be feared than to be loved. + The ends justifies the means.

Why were Peter I (the Great) Catherine I (the Great) similar Think in the sense that both: - Pursued a policy of westernization and expansion. - Sought after warm water ports (Since most of Russia is oft-cold/frozen, this was huge for trade & trade = life blood of a given nation. - Promoted the arts and sciences anything that advance their nation. What were the primary causes of WWI/The Great War? Think of: M.A.I.N. Causes MilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalism

If you see The Real Boxers think of: spheres of influence established in China by foreigners (Always carefully examine the information provided). Just remember: if you see the Boxer Rebellion, think of Chinese citizens being anti-western/anti-foreigner China for Chinese.

If you see The Real Boxers think of: spheres of influence established in China by foreigners (Always carefully examine the information provided). Just remember: if you see the Boxer Rebellion, think of Chinese citizens being anti-western/anti-foreigner China for Chinee.

The leaders in this 1936 cartoon are depicted as spineless because they? Wished to follow the policy of appeasement = avoid war at all cost.

Based on the information in this chart, which situation gave rise to Nazi power in Germany?If you see: Which factor aided Russian troops in defeatingNapoleons armies and Soviet forces in defeatingHitlers armies? - Severe winters + tundra = frozen desert - Scorched Earth Policy - Though terrain/geography

Based on this cartoon by Leslie Gilbert Illingworth, what role did Old Man Winter play in the defense of Russia? (always pay close attention to political cartoon Review everything). Old Man WinterWhat is the best title for this map?

Think of Japanese imperialism (for resources) The Rape of Nanking (Human Rights violations)

What does this painting illustrates? Whats the message?Think of a land based economic/political system: Feudalism Think of the Middle Ages/Medieval Era.

If you see One way in which Toussaint LOuverture, Kwame Nkrumah, and Ho Chi Minh are similar is that each leaderThink of: - Each fought to free their his country from European control. - Nationalism/Self-determination. If you see The Nuremberg lawsThink of:

- anti-Semitic (Against Jews) laws of 20th- century Germany. - Rise of Nazism & Adolf Hitler. - These laws used Jews as scapegoats. If you see Karl MarxThink of: - Father of Communism - He was born in Germany, but conducted most of his writing in England. - Spoke about a Communist Revolution: Bourgeoisie (Rich/Upper Middle Classes) vs. Proletariat (Working Class/Poor) - Conducted his work in the era of the industrial Revolution, spoke out against mistreatment of workers underpaid/ deplorable working conditions.

Whats the main point of this cartoon? While its not visible here, the political cartoon shows that the cars bumper is titled, corn powered and the license plate reads bio-fuel. Through this cartoon, we learn that: using corn to make bio-fuels for automobiles will increase food shortages = increases famine/mass deaths.

If You See: Great Wall of China

Think Of: Protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes of northern and central Asia = the huns, tartars, Mongols, etc. If You See: RenaissanceThink of: Rebirth of the Classical Age time of the ancient Greeks & Romans. Bring back the arts, sciences, literature, etc = Their Golden AgeEnd of the Middle/ Dark Ages = Death/Dangerous. The Phoenicians

- Carriers of civilization = Cultural diffusion. Traded goods and spread ideas throughout the Mediterranean region = sea people. Phonics = alphabet Carefully drawn calligraphy, Zen gardens, and the tea ceremony

Think Of: Early Japanese Culture/way of life.Focused on traditionalism/impact of isolation, fear of Europe/foreign interaction. If You See: Mansa Musa (originated from Mali)

Think Of: Famous Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca = holy land of all Muslims. Trade and travel crossing the Sahara/N. Africa. Connected to Salt for Gold Trade.

If You See: Reformation

Think Of: Martin Luther & his 95 ThesesPrinting Press helped spread the word Weakened the Catholic Church W/the start of several other Christian Churches. Protesting the ills/wrongs of Catholic church. If You See: Crusades

Think Of: Fight for the Holy Land (Palestine/M.E) Christians vs. Muslims. Cultural Diffusion interest in each others cultures.European interest in the Asian goods/products.

Encounter, Triangular Trade, Middle Passage, Encomienda, Columbian Exchange, etc.

Think Of: Slavery, Colonialism/Imperialism, exploitation, mass death of the natives and African populations/lands in the so-called, New World.

Zheng He (Chinese) & Ibn Battuta (N. Africa/Muslim)

Think Of: Trading/Traveling to many distance landsCultural diffusionAdvanced navigation systems.

Scientific Revolution or the Enlightenment

Think Of: Emphasis on the value of human reasoningBreak from the Middle/Dark AgesUsing science and logic to reach at everyday decisions.If You See: Simn Bolvar

Think Of: The George Washington of Latin AmericaThe Great Liberator working/fighting for self-rule/independence from European colonialism/imperialism. If You See: Industrial Revolution

Think Of: Factory production Exploitation of workers women & childrenVast pollution Desire/need for an abundance of nat. resources. If You See: Meiji RestorationThink Of: Modernization/Industrialization of JapanLast Samurai remember that movie. Break from the past/traditionalism Tokugawa Shoguns. Meiji Restoration = Westernization/Modernization of Japan

If You See: 1938 Munich Conference

Appeasement one of the major causes of WWII. Helped to make Germany/Nazis strongerImpact of the Great Depression. Mikhail Gorbachev, Glassnost, and Perestroika

Think Of: End of the Cold War Early 1990s. New freedoms more democratic Moving away from Communism. If You See: Bolshevik RevolutionThink Of: Birth of Communism/Reds in Russia = U.S.S.R. Got rid of all western/capitalist/democratic policiesThe rise of Lenin (N.E.P) and then Stalin (failed 5-Year Plans). If You See: Confucianism

Think Of: Filial PietyKids must honor/respect parents, elders, the dead, and govt authority. The 5 relationships & Social OrderIf You See: The Treaty of Versailles

Think Of: The War Guilt Clause Blame Germany for causing the WWI and played a major role in A. Hitler and Nazis rise to power. Reparations

Geographic characteristic shared by both Greece and Japan

Think Of: Archipelago group, row, or chain of islandIrregular coastline = perfect for shipping/tradingLacked arable land & natural resources Conquest of other lands for what was lacking.

Martin Luther (95 Theses), John Calvin (new bible), and Henry VIII (6 wives/new religion = Anglicanism)

Think Of: Protestant Reformation throughout EuropeWeakened the power/authority of the Catholic churchCreation of several different Christian sects. If You See: Marco Polo

Think of: Interest in Asian cultures increasedLater lead to colonialism/imperialism of Asia = resources, labor force, and rich/strategic land.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 1994 or the European Union (EU) post WWII

Think Of: Trade unions Interdependence working together for economic and political unity - reduce trade barriers between member nationsDoes away with many trade obstacles, i.e. tariffs.

Hungarian Revolution in 1956 and the Tiananmen Square demonstrations in 1989?

Think Of: Repressive action was taken to end both protests. Students/citizens protesting against Communist govts stronghold/dictatorial rule. Wanting more freedoms western style of govt.

If You See: Laissez- faire economics

Think Of: Free Markets/trade CapitalismLittle to no govt interaction in business May the best win.America and Western/democratic nations.

If You See: Human Rights Violations Jews Holocaust/WWII and throughout history Cambodians Genocide of over 2 million people at the hands of Pol Pot. Rwanda (1994) Hutus killed approximately 1 million Tutsi, while the U.S./U.N. absolutely nothing. Nanking Genocide and Gendercide by the Japanese. Armenians Genocide by the TurksIraq Kurds were killed in great numbers by S. Hussein If You See:

The fight in the Middle East for the Holy land/Palestine = Muslims vs. Jews. Non-stop blood baths year after after.

If You See: Silk RoadsThink Of: - Trade & Travel: Europe/Middle East to China/Asia (vice versa): Exchange of goods/products. - Cultural Diffusion/New ideas.

Think Of: European: Spanish & Portuguese ruleColonialism in the Americas/Latin AmericaWhos at the top? Peninsulares = Europeans from the Iberian Peninsula = Portugal & Spain.Whos at the bottom? Africans/Natives = slaves

If You See: Zionism

Homeland for whom? The Jews. Connected to the Balfour Declaration = agreement with the British govt for a homeland in Palestine. Key in the creation of Israel. If you want to understand the conflict in the Middle East, one needs to understand Zionism. If You See: Karl MarxA German political Philosopher Spent most of his adult life in England; enjoyed more political freedoms there. Wrote the Communist Manifesto alongside Frederick Engels Father of modern CommunismPredicted a revolution of the proletariats vs. bourgeoisie would occur first in industrial EuropeWrote during the Industrial Rev. = Mid. 1800s. If You See: Chernobyl Think Of: Major man-made disaster = destruction/mass deaths. Nuclear explosionConnect it to modern-day Japan think back to what happened a few months ago. If You See: Irans Ayatollah Khomeini and Afghanistans Taliban Established an Islamic/theocratic stateStrict laws/customs.Anti-west/democracy Persepolis You guys read it with Miyo Hip, Hip Hooray for Miyo!

Reign of Terror during the French RevolutionMass deathsUsed violent methods to eliminate their opponentsOne year of chopping peoples heads off with a guillotine. I.e., Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI Process of German unification/Nationalism Bismarck was the orchestratorBlood & Iron his famous speech

The Panama Canal and Suez CanalShortened shipping routes between major bodies of waterHelped trade and travel Save $$ & time. Chronological Order Roman Empire Middle Ages Crusades Renaissance European exploration of the Americas ReformationWorld War I Treaty of Versailles World War II Korean War

If You See: Constantinople & Byzantine Empire

Think Of: Location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia = Bosporus Sea Helped to spread cultural diffusion. Part of Eastern Rome South of Russia. Spread Christianity Eastern Orthodoxy

Sepoy (Indian) or Boxer (Chinese)Rebellions

Think of: British/Western imperialism of Asia. The natives attempted to end the ruled, but failed in their attempts and only made matters worst. Birth of the Industrial Revolution

Industrial Era

If You See: John Locke

Think of: Protect the natural rights of individuals. Speak about freedoms. Govt for and by the people.

If You See: Triple Alliance & the Triple Entente

Think of: One of the major causes of Great War/WWI. Helped to increased tensions between European countries.

If You See: Berlin Conference

Think of: Conquest and division of the so-called, Dark Continent = Africa at the hands of Europeans. When? Industrial Rev. 1800sImperialism/colonialism all in the name of resources, labor force and land White Mans Burden

Social DarwinistsStronger groups have the right to rule and control weaker groupsApplying Charles Darwins theory of evolution to everyday life/society. Major dispute between India and PakistanMuslims vs. Hindus

India vs. Pakistan Nuclear threats against one another

Augusto Pinochet, Saddam Hussein, and Slobodan MilosevicOppressive regimesAutocratic rule Mass deaths/purges/ethnic violence = genocide

Human Rights Violations

Toussaint LOuvertureNationalism/Freedom from the FrenchThe great Haitian liberator Helped Haiti gained its independenceHaiti became the first Black nation in the western hemisphere. F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela received the Nobel Peace Prize for their work to end the - Discriminatory policy of apartheid - Fought for more democratic form of government in S. Africa. - Shortly after this, Mandela became the first black South African president. Mao Zedong - Introduced Communism to Chinese. - Helped write the Little Red Book = symbol of Comminism in China. - He was the Chinese leader most closely associated with leading the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. If you seeDeng Xiaoping Think of: Modernization, Westernization, growth of Capitalism within China The cartoon focuses on the fact that economic freedom in China has not led to political reforms & freedom.

The statements below refer to changes in Afghanistan in the 1990s.

The Taliban controls the government. Women must clothe themselves from head to toe. Men are required to grow beards. Girls are not allowed to attend school.

These changes in Afghanistan have resulted

Islamic fundamentalism

The Columbian Exchange = New World (The Americas) meets Old World (Europe). Focuses on Cultural diffusion.

The cartoon shows the League of Nations hopes to use boycotts to end war = the league is weak one of the primary causes of WWII.

Rejection of the czarist system in Russia/U.S.S.R.Rejection of Christianity/Religion & Capitalism Impact of the Bolshevik Revolution = Intro to Communism

Agricultural advancement of the IncasSettled around Peru = mountainous areaNot good for crops/cultivation = limited space/arableWhen you think of the Incas, think of Manhattan. Very small island, but millions reside there and many more visit/conduct business there. How? Tall buildings = do a lot with very littleFor the Incas =Terracing of mountains for farmingLouis XIV and Peter the Great Absolute ruler = The monarch is all mighty/all powerfulPower corrupts absolute power corrupts absolutely. Used religion = Divine Right of Kings Do not question government authority = Autocratic govt Centralized govt

Pax Romana & Pax MongoliaPax = means peace in Latin Political/social stabilityOften leads to a Golden Age = the best of times. Mauryan/Gupta Empires Ancient Indian EmpiresDevelopment of math and science. Use of Sanskrit language and development of the concept of zeroThe Pillars of Emperor Asoka of the Mauryan Empire Water = life All early civilizations developed close to/around major river systems/valleys/waterways. Egypt = The Nile, Mesopotamia = Euphrates & Tigris, China = Huang/Yellow River, India= Indus & Ganges Rivers Byzantine (Eastern Rome)Introduced the Cyrillic alphabet, Orthodox Christianity, and domed architecture to Russian cultureHagia Sophia = Great templeGolden Age in SpainCervantes literary classic Don Quixote, the rule of Isabella and Ferdinand, and the art of El GrecoRussiaFrigid regionSeeking access to warm water ports. Largest landmass in the world Most of it barren/waste landTundra = frozen desert Seventeenth-century scholars Galileo Galilei and Ren DescartesContradicted traditional medieval European beliefs Went against the teachings of the Bible/churchFell into lots of trouble with traditional authorities Used scientific/enlightened thinking/logic/methods to come to a conclusion. The powder keg of Europe prior to World War IThe Balkans Peninsula west of Italy. Find Italy on a map (the old ladys boot) and then look east for a peninsula (body of water on three sides of the land/region). One of the major causes of the Great War/WWI. Too Many: cultures/religions, races, etc., = constant fight for nationalism/self-determination. Causes of WWII

Masters, apprentices, and journeymenGuild system of Europe in the Middle AgesForm of a unionTraining people to be professionals in a time where schools/organized education was all but none existent. Shows the importance of Constantinople

Twelve TablesAncient Roman Laws & CustomsHelped to govern the citizens of Rome. If You See: Five Year Plan

Think of: Joseph Stalins plan for Russias economic growth. All but the first one failed. Led to mass starvation famine = mass deaths.Focused on economic progress/growth (especially in terms of industry).

If You See: Mohandas Gandhi

Think of: Indias leader in the movement for independence from Great BritainMethod: Civil Disobedience non-violence.British trained lawyer he was brilliant. Wanted India to remain united as one nation where Hindus & Muslims worked together as one.

Civil disobedience: Boycott all British Products

If You See: The United Nations

Think of: Created after WWII. Resolve conflicts between nations peacefully. Prevent another World War or another major conflict. But what happened to: Rwanda? Vietnam?

Relates to the failures/ineffectiveness of the U.N. since its creation in stopping Genocide/Human Rights Violations.

Think in terms of: - Mali & Songhai (Northwest Africa) - Mansa Musa of Mali -

Think of: The Scientific Revolution

Think of: - Spanish rule in Latin America - Enslavement of the nations - European (Spanish) conquest of the so-called New World.

One similarity in the actions of Benito Mussolini and Saddam Hussein (and similar dictatorships/totalitarian forms of governments): Think of: - Denied individual rights ill-treatment of citizens. - Police states = Big Brother - Dictatorship

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Think of: Establish production quotas to control the price of oil. Several oil producing nations united to control the distribution of oil production across the globe.

If You See: Korean or Vietnam WarsThink of: Impact of the Cold War. Proxy warfarePost- WWII 1950s 70s.

If You See: Truman Doctrine or Marshall Plan

Think of: Working to prevent the so-called, Domino Effect.Strengthen the alliances that had won the war Containment policies

Fidel Castro in Cuba & the Sandinistas in Nicaragua

Think of: Communism/followed Marxist principles in Latin American nations throughout the Cold War.

World War II left many European nations weak and vulnerable

Think Of: Major turning point why/how? Many African and Asian colonies united (nationalism) in order to fight for their independence. Many gained independence during the 1950s 70s.

Great Leap Forward & Four Modernizations (China)

Think of: Increase farm & factory output.Growth of industry

If You See: Green Revolution

Think of: Green = increase plants/food/production using new methodologies, technologies, science, farming, etc. in poor nations/regions across the globe. Helped to increase agricultural production based on technological advancements.Was intended on curtailing/slowing down the growth of famine/world hunger, etc. In many ways, one can easily argue that while the scientists meant well, long term, this revolution created more problems than it did indeed solve. Today, the so-called Green Revolution has helped to create monstrosities like G.M. or Genetically Modified food, which studies have shown have led to health problems, etc. A good documentary to watch on said subject is, Food, Inc.

Impact of the Green Revolution

If You See: Magna Carta, English of Rights, Glorious Revolution, Habeus Corpus, Petition of Rights, etc. (all connected to England/Britain) Think of: Limited the power of the monarchyMore power to Parliament/the people = more democratic form of government. Away from absolute rule. The purpose of both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was to Think of: - Think of post-WWII era war torn Europe. - This was the focus on the US new foreign policy of Containment: Prevent the spread of communism. - Cold War Era: Capitalism vs. Communism. - The U.S doled out (gave) several BILLION $$/aid to various European nations in the hope of stopping the spread of Communism. If you see the term, Imperialism Think of: Treaty of Nanjing gives control of Hong Kong to Great Britain.European conquest of Africa, Asia, & Latin America for Resources to feed the machine The Industrial Revolution.The White Mans Burden The 3Cs - Spread of Christianity, Commerce and Conquest. French government sets up a protectorate in Cambodia. Italian forces occupy Ethiopia.If you see Maximilien Robespierre and the JacobinsThink of: - The French Revolution - Instituting the Reign of Terror= mass killing of well over 10,000 people. - The Guillotine. If you see Thomas Malthus, who was truly worried about the rate of increase for human populations in relation to the rate of increase for food production was a problem. Malthus believed thatThink of: - Population is growing too fast, and cant keep up with food production. - Actually believed that wars, famines, natural disasters, etc., are great things in slowing down the rapid rate of population growth. - Famine and war were natural checks on population growthIf you see Turkish leader Kemal AtatrkThink of: - Modernization/Westernization of Turkey - Secular (non-religious/non-Islamic) form of govt. - Post-WWI Era (1920s onward).

If you see Russian Revolution (1917) aka Bolshevik Revolution Rise of Communism in RussiaThink of: - An incompetent government (led by the CZAR) - Massacres on Bloody Sunday - High costs of World War I

Countries in the dark color were once part of the former republics of the Soviet Union

Think of the Neolithic Revolution

Think of the history of Apartheid = Extreme form of racism in South Africa.

Learn to read between the lines:Whats the answer? Think of: Oppression.

If You See: Any question dealing with Golden Age

Think of: Best of times for a particular nation or empire. Great economy, literary period, arts, science/math, etc.

If You See: Mercantilism

Think of: Economic system age of Exploration and beyond (W. European nations). Colonies were created to benefit the Mother Country. Colonies MUST serve. All wealth and power for the Mother Country.

Mercantilism

If You See: Pol Pot

Think of: The Adolf Hitler of Cambodia (my words) = mass deaths. Over 2 million were brutally murdered. Often associated/connected to the Vietnam War. 1975-1979

If You See: Iron Curtain (taken from a speech) Given by Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Great Britain Think of: Cold War affairsA political/hypothetic wall created by the Soviets to separate Europe post-WWII. Created a world of twos: Western democracy/capitalist vs. Eastern/Communist.

If you see Stalins Five-Year PlanThink of: - In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died as a result of forced famine. - Genocide/Ethnic purge (mass killings)

If You See: Nelson Mandela

Think of: Apartheid in S. Africa = ultra racial discrimination/segregation at the hand of the whites = Afrikaans (Dutch settlers) and the British descendants. Arrested/then imprisoned for 27 yearsWorked to make S. Africa more democratic First black president of S. Africa.

Apartheid

Apartheid

Post-Apartheid

Interpret the slide: Explains why France failed to join the Allies in the Iraqi War (2003)

The Mongols = conquered vast lands

The Rome Empire

Interdependence

Interdependence

Proliferation of military weapons could destroy the world.

Pre-Columbian Era = shows that the natives had created magnificent things/structures (pyramids) prior to Europeans discovering the region.

Cold War: NATO vs. Warsaw

Pre-Age of Exploration: Pre-Columbus/Pre-Discovery of the New World = Trade conducted mainly around the Mediterranean Sea.

During the Age of Exploration = Europeans traveling across the globe. Europeans were hungry for exotic things/goods. The map also shows that the Chinese under the Ming Dynasty with Junk ships trekked to different parts of the globe, too.

Large/Vast Empire - By the 1500s, the Ottoman Empire controlled parts of the Middle East, North Africa, and eastern Europe Muslim/Islamic

Speaks volumes to Human Rights violations in China even in todays modern free world = The Chinese govt is infringing on or abridging citizens civil liberties/basic human rights.

Impact of AIDS = The bleak situations that plague sub-Saharan Africa

Monsoons = Wind (connects to trade, travel & weather pattern throughout the Indian Ocean)

1990s: Capitalist or Communist Many decisions to make = End of the Cold War/Fall of the USSR (Early 1990s)

E.U.& its growth: Think of economic unity/end trade barriers, etc.