If You See: Neolithic RevolutionThink of: End of the last “Ice Age” People began to settle = Civilizations developed- Major river valleys - Huang He, the Indus, and the Nile civilizations

If You See: Brahma, dharma, and moksha

Think Of: Hinduism

If You See: Great Wall of China

Think Of: Protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes of northern and central Asia

If You See: Renaissance

Think of: Rebirth of the Classical Age – time of the ancient Greeks & Romans.

Bring back the arts, sciences, literature, etc = Their Golden Age

End of the Middle/ Dark Ages = Death/Dangerous.

The Phoenicians

- “Carriers of civilization” = Cultural diffusion.

- Traded goods and spread ideas throughout the Mediterranean region = sea people.

- Phonics = alphabet

Carefully drawn calligraphy, Zen gardens, and the tea ceremony

Think Of: Early Japanese Culture/way of life.

If You See: Mansa Musa (originated from Mali)

Think Of: Famous Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca = holy land of all Muslims.

Trade and travel – crossing the Sahara/N. Africa.

Connected to Salt for Gold Trade.

If You See: Reformation

Think Of: Martin Luther & his 95 Theses

Printing Press – helped spread the word

Weakened the Catholic Church W/the start of several other Christian Churches.

Protesting the ills/wrongs of Catholic church.

If You See: Crusades

Think Of: Fight for the Holy Land (Palestine/M.E) – Christians vs. Muslims.

Cultural Diffusion – interest in each others’ cultures.

European interest in the Asian goods/products.

Encounter, Triangular Trade, Middle Passage, Encomienda,

Columbian Exchange, etc.

Think Of: Slavery, Colonialism/Imperialism, exploitation, mass death of the natives and African populations/lands in the so-called, “New World.”

Zheng He (Chinese) & Ibn Battuta (N. Africa/Muslim)

Think Of: Trading/Traveling to many distance lands

Cultural diffusion

Advanced navigation systems.

Scientific Revolution or the Enlightenment

Think Of: Emphasis on the value of human reasoning

Break from the Middle/Dark Ages

Using science and logic to reach at everyday decisions.

If You See: Simón Bolívar

Think Of: The George Washington of Latin America

The Great Liberator – working/fighting for self-rule/independence from European colonialism/imperialism.

If You See: Industrial Revolution

Think Of: Factory production

Exploitation of workers – women & children

Vast pollution

Desire/need for an abundance of nat. resources.

If You See: Meiji Restoration

Think Of: Modernization/Industrialization of Japan

Last Samurai – remember that movie.

Break from the past/traditionalism – Tokugawa Shoguns.

If You See: 1938 Munich Conference

Appeasement – one of the major causes of WWII.

Helped to make Germany/Nazis stronger

Impact of the Great Depression.

Mikhail Gorbachev, Glassnost, and

Perestroika

Think Of: End of the Cold War – Early 1990s.

New freedoms – more democratic

Moving away from Communism.

If You See: Bolshevik Revolution

Think Of: Birth of Communism/Reds in Russia = U.S.S.R.

Got rid of all western/capitalist/democratic policies

The rise of Lenin (N.E.P) and then Stalin (failed 5-Year Plans).

If You See: Confucianism

Think Of: Filial Piety

Kids must honor/respect parents, elders, the dead, and gov’t authority.

The 5 relationships & Social Order

If You See: The Treaty of Versailles

Think Of: The “War Guilt Clause” – Blame Germany for causing the WWI – and played a major role in A. Hitler and Nazis’ rise to power.

Reparations

Geographic characteristic shared by both Greece and

Japan

Think Of: Archipelago – group, row, or chain of island

Irregular coastline = perfect for shipping/trading

Lacked arable land & natural resources – Conquest of other lands for what was lacking.

Martin Luther (95 Theses), John Calvin (new bible), and Henry VIII (6

wives/new religion = Anglicanism)

Think Of: Protestant Reformation throughout Europe

Weakened the power/authority of the Catholic church

Creation of several different Christian sects.

If You See: Marco Polo

Think of: Interest in Asian cultures increased

Later lead to colonialism/imperialism of Asia = resources, labor force, and rich/strategic land.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 1994 or the European Union (EU) post WWII

Think Of: Trade unions

Interdependence – working together for economic and political unity

Does away with many trade obstacles, i.e. tariffs.

Hungarian Revolution in 1956 and the Tiananmen Square

demonstrations in 1989?

Think Of: Repressive action was taken to end both protests.

Students/citizens protesting against Communist gov’ts stronghold/dictatorial rule.

Wanting more freedoms – western style of gov’t.

If You See: Laissez- faire economics

Think Of:

Free Markets/trade

Capitalism

Little to no gov’t interaction in business – May the “best” win.

America and Western/democratic nations.

If You See: Human Rights Violations

Jews – Holocaust/WWII and throughout history

Cambodians – Genocide of over 2 million people at the hands of Pol Pot.

Rwanda (1994) Hutus killed approximately 1 million Tutsi, while the U.S./U.N. absolutely nothing.

Nanking – Genocide and Gendercide by the Japanese.

Armenians – Genocide by the Turks

Iraq – Kurds were killed in great numbers by S. Hussein

If You See:

The fight in the Middle East for the Holy land/Palestine = Muslims vs. Jews. Non-stop blood baths year after after.

If You See: Silk Roads

Think Of: - Trade & Travel: Europe/Middle East to China/Asia (vice versa): Exchange of goods/products.

- Cultural Diffusion/New ideas.

Think Of:

European: Spanish & Portuguese rule

Colonialism in the Americas/Latin America

Who’s at the top? Peninsulares = Europeans from the Iberian Peninsula = Portugal & Spain.

Who’s at the bottom? Africans/Natives = slaves

If You See: Zionism

Homeland – for whom? The Jews.

Connected to the Balfour Declaration = agreement with the British gov’t for a homeland in Palestine.

Key in the creation of Israel.

If you want to understand the conflict in the Middle East, one needs to understand Zionism.

If You See: Karl Marx

A German political Philosopher – Spent most of his adult life in England; enjoyed more political freedoms there.

Wrote the Communist Manifesto alongside Frederick Engels

“Father” of modern Communism

Predicted a revolution of the proletariats vs. bourgeoisie would occur first in industrial Europe

Wrote during the Industrial Rev. = Mid. 1800s.

If You See: Chernobyl

Think Of: Major “man-made” disaster = destruction/mass deaths.

Nuclear explosion

Connect it to modern-day Japan – think back to what happened a few months ago.

If You See: Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini and Afghanistan’s

Taliban

Established an Islamic/theocratic state

Strict laws/customs.

Anti-west/democracy

Persepolis – You guys read it with Sandra

Reign of Terror during the French Revolution

Mass deaths

Used violent methods to eliminate their opponents

One year of chopping people’s heads off with a guillotine. I.e., Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

Process of German unification/Nationalism

Bismarck was the “orchestrator”

“Blood & Iron” – his famous speech

The Panama Canal and Suez Canal

Shortened shipping routes between major bodies of water

Helped trade and travel

Save $$ & time.

Chronological Order

Roman Empire → Middle Ages → Crusades

Renaissance →European exploration of the Americas → Reformation

World War I →Treaty of Versailles → World War II →Korean War

If You See: Constantinople & Byzantine Empire

Think Of: Location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia = Bosporus Sea – Helped to spread cultural diffusion.

Part of Eastern Rome – South of Russia.

Spread Christianity – Eastern Orthodoxy

Sepoy (Indian) or Boxer (Chinese)Rebellions

Think of: British/Western imperialism of Asia. The natives attempted to end the ruled, but failed in their attempts and only made matters worst.

Birth of the Industrial Revolution

Industrial Era

If You See: John Locke

Think of: Protect the natural rights of individuals. Speak about freedoms. Gov’t for and by the people.

If You See: Triple Alliance & the Triple Entente

Think of: One of the major causes of Great War/WWI. Helped to increased tensions between European countries.

If You See: Berlin Conference

Think of: Conquest and division of the so-called, “Dark Continent” = Africa at the hands of Europeans. When? Industrial Rev. 1800s

Imperialism/colonialism – all in the name of resources, labor force and land

White Man’s Burden

Social Darwinists

Stronger groups have the right to rule and control weaker groups

Applying Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution to everyday life/society.

Major dispute between India and Pakistan

Muslims vs. Hindus

India vs. Pakistan

Augusto Pinochet, Saddam Hussein, and Slobodan

Milosevic

Oppressive regimes

Autocratic rule

Mass deaths/purges/ethnic violence = genocide

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Nationalism/Freedom from the French

The great Haitian liberator

Helped Haiti gained its independence

Haiti became the first “Black” nation in the western hemisphere.

Rejection of the czarist system in Russia/U.S.S.R.

Impact of the Bolshevik Revolution = Intro to Communism

Agricultural advancement of the Incas

Settled around Peru = mountainous area

Not good for crops/cultivation = limited space/arable

When you think of the Incas, think of Manhattan. Very small island, but millions reside there and many more visit/conduct business there.

How? Tall buildings = do a lot with very little

For the Incas =Terracing of mountains for farming

Louis XIV and Peter the Great

Absolute ruler = The monarch is all mighty/all powerful

Used religion = Divine Right of Kings

“Do not question government authority” = Autocratic gov’t

Centralized gov’t

Pax Romana & Pax Mongolia

Pax = means peace in Latin

Political/social stability

Often leads to a Golden Age = the best of times.

Mauryan/Gupta Empires

Ancient Indian Empires

Development of math and science. Use of Sanskrit language and development of the concept of zero

The Pillars of Emperor Asoka of the Mauryan Empire

Water = life

All early civilizations developed close to/around major river systems/valleys/waterways.

Egypt = The Nile, Mesopotamia = Euphrates & Tigris, China = Huang/Yellow River, India= Indus & Ganges Rivers

Byzantine (Eastern Rome)

Introduced the Cyrillic alphabet, Orthodox Christianity, and domed architecture to Russian culture

Hagia Sophia = Great temple

Golden Age in Spain

Cervantes’ literary classic Don Quixote, the rule of Isabella and Ferdinand, and the art of El Greco

Russia

Frigid region

Seeking access to warm water ports.

Largest landmass in the world

Most of it barren/waste land

Tundra = frozen desert

Seventeenth-century scholars Galileo Galilei and René

Descartes

Contradicted traditional medieval European beliefs

Went against the teachings of the Bible/church

Fell into lots of trouble with traditional authorities

Used scientific/enlightened thinking/logic/methods to come to a conclusion.

“the powder keg of Europe” prior to World War I

The Balkans Peninsula One of the major

causes of the Great War/WWI

Causes of WWII

Masters, apprentices, and journeymen

Guild system of Europe in the Middle Ages

Form of a union

Training people to be professionals in a time where schools/organized education was all but none existent.

Shows the importance of Constantinople

Twelve Tables

Ancient Roman Laws & Customs

Helped to govern the citizens of Rome.

If You See: Five Year Plan

Think of: Joseph Stalin’s plan for Russia’s economic growth.

All but the first failed.

Led to mass starvation – famine = mass deaths.

If You See: Mohandas Gandhi

Think of: India’s leader in the movement for independence from Great Britain

Method: Civil Disobedience – non-violence.

Civil disobedience: Boycott all British Products

If You See: The United Nations

Think of: Created after WWII.

Resolve conflicts between nations peacefully.

Prevent another world war or another major conflict. But what happened to: Rwanda? Vietnam?

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Think of: Establish production quotas to control the price of oil.

Several oil producing nations united to control the distribution of oil production across the globe.

If You See: Korean or Vietnam Wars

Think of: Impact of the Cold War.

Proxy warfare

Post- WWII – 1950s – 70s.

If You See: Truman Doctrine or Marshall Plan

Think of: Working to prevent the so-called, “Domino Effect.”

Strengthen the alliances that had won the war

Containment policies

Fidel Castro in Cuba & the Sardinastas in Nicaragua

Think of: Communism/followed Marxist principles in Latin American nations throughout the Cold War.

World War II left many European nations weak and vulnerable

Think Of: Major turning point– why/how? Many African and Asian colonies united (nationalism) in order to fight for their independence.

Many gained independence during the 1950s – 70s.

Great Leap Forward & Four Modernizations (China)

Think of: Increase farm & factory output.

Growth of industry

If You See: Green Revolution

Think of: Green = plants/food/production using new methodologies, technologies, science, farming, etc.

Helped to increase agricultural production based on technological advancements.

Impact of the Green Revolution

If You See: Magna Carta, English of Rights, Glorious Revolution, Habeus Corpus, Petition of Rights, etc. (all connected to England/Britain)

Think of: Limited the power of the monarchy

More to Parliament/the people = more democratic form of government. Away from absolute rule.

If You See: Any question dealing with “Golden Age”

Think of: Best of times for a particular nation or empire.

Great economy, literary period, arts, science/math, etc.

If You See: Mercantilism

Think of: Economic system – age of Exploration and beyond (W. European nations).

Colonies were created to benefit the “Mother Country.” Colonies MUST serve.

All wealth and power for the “Mother Country.”

Mercantilism

If You See: Pol Pot

Think of: The “Adolf Hitler” of Cambodia (my words) = mass deaths. Over 2 million were brutally murdered.

Often associated/connected to the Vietnam War.

If You See: Iron Curtain (taken from a speech)

Given by Winston Churchill – Prime Minister of

Great Britain

Think of: Cold War affairs

A political/hypothetic wall created by the Soviets to separate Europe post-WWII.

Created a world of twos: Western democracy/capitalist vs. Eastern/Communist.

If You See: Nelson Mandela

Think of: Apartheid in S. Africa = ultra racial discrimination/segregation at the hand of the whites = Afrikaans (Dutch settlers) and the British descendants.

Arrested for 27 years

Worked to make S. Africa more democratic

First black president of S. Africa.

Apartheid

Apartheid

Post-Apartheid

Interpret the slide

The Mongols

The Rome Empire

Interdependence

Interdependence

Proliferation of military weapons could destroy the world.

Pre-Columbian Era

Cold War: NATO vs. Warsaw

Pre- Age of Exploration: “Discovery” of the New World

During the Age of Exploration

By the 1500s, the Ottoman Empire controlled parts of the Middle East,

NorthAfrica, and eastern Europe.

Impact of AIDS

Monsoons = Wind

1990s: Capitalist or Communist – Many decisions to make

E.U.& its growth