IG0011013.1 International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation Andrew Minister, Project Manager Soviet-Designed Reactor Safety Program “Fire Safety Analysis

IG0011013.1

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Andrew Minister, Project ManagerAndrew Minister, Project ManagerSoviet-Designed Reactor Safety ProgramSoviet-Designed Reactor Safety Program

““Fire Safety Analysis Methods at Russian Nuclear Power Plants”Fire Safety Analysis Methods at Russian Nuclear Power Plants”December 2000December 2000

U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of EnergyInternational Nuclear Safety ProgramInternational Nuclear Safety Program

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•UNITED

STATES OFAM

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Soviet-Designed Reactor Safety ProgramSoviet-Designed Reactor Safety Program

Problems:Problems:• Inadequate operating procedures Inadequate operating procedures

and trainingand training

• Design deficienciesDesign deficiencies

• Lack of infrastructure to sustain Lack of infrastructure to sustain safe operationsafe operation

• Weak regulatory authorityWeak regulatory authority

Percent of Electricity from Nuclear Power (1999)

80

60

40

20

0Russia Czech

RepublicUkraineBulgariaHungary Slovakia Lithuania

1421

474438

47

73

Armenia

36

0.15

KazakhstanIG00050105/5/00

BeringSea

Sea of Okhotsk

Bilibino

(EAST) RUSSIA

Legend

VVER-440/230VVER-440/213VVER-1000RBMKBN-350BN-600LWGR-12

Smolensk

Kola

Leningrad

Kalinin

Khmelnytskyy

South UkraineZaporizhzhya

Dukovany

BalakovoKursk

Novovoronezh

Kozloduy

Paks

Black Sea CaspianSea

MediterraneanSea

AtlanticOcean Baltic

Sea

Chornobyl

RivneBohunice

Armenia

TURKMENISTAN

KAZAKHSTAN

ARMENIA

GEORGIA

TURKEY

BULGARIA

UKRAINE

ROMANIAITALY

GERMANYPOLAND BELARUS

LATVIA

SLOVAKIA

CZECHREP.

LITHUANIA

RUSSIA

FINLAND

SWEDEN

NORWAY

Beloyarsk

Aktau

Ignalina

HUNGARY

Moscow

Mochovce

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Soviet-Designed-Reactor SafetySoviet-Designed-Reactor Safety

• ApproachApproach – Provide training, technology, and physical Provide training, technology, and physical

improvements at selected lead plantsimprovements at selected lead plants

– Conduct projects in a fashion that enables host Conduct projects in a fashion that enables host countries to extend improvements independentlycountries to extend improvements independently

– Seek to establish a strong, indigenous nuclear safety Seek to establish a strong, indigenous nuclear safety culture in each host country by example and by culture in each host country by example and by exposure to International nuclear safety practicesexposure to International nuclear safety practices

– To help develop strong, independent regulatory bodies To help develop strong, independent regulatory bodies with the capabilities to regulate nuclear activities.with the capabilities to regulate nuclear activities.

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Engineering and TechnologyEngineering and Technology

• Reduce risks by physically upgrading the Reduce risks by physically upgrading the safety systems of nuclear power plantssafety systems of nuclear power plants

• Projects organized into Projects organized into

– Safety parameter display systems Safety parameter display systems

– Safety system equipmentSafety system equipment

– Fire safetyFire safety

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• Fire SafetyFire Safety

– Transfer tools, equipment, and training to reduce Transfer tools, equipment, and training to reduce fire risksfire risks

– Equipment provided includesEquipment provided includes• Fire rated doors and framesFire rated doors and frames• Fire Barrier penetration seals Fire Barrier penetration seals • Non-flammable floor coating and sealantNon-flammable floor coating and sealant• Fire detection and alarm systemsFire detection and alarm systems• Protective gear for fire fightersProtective gear for fire fighters• Hose nozzlesHose nozzles

– Projects under way in Armenia, Ukraine, Russia, Projects under way in Armenia, Ukraine, Russia, and Bulgariaand Bulgaria

Desnagorsk Fire Station fireman

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Fire-retardant material "Promatec" coats Fire-retardant material "Promatec" coats cables and seals floor penetrationcables and seals floor penetration

Fire door manufactured at the Fire door manufactured at the Atomremmash plantAtomremmash plant

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Fire-resistant floors in the reactor buildingFire-resistant floors in the reactor building

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Fire Safety – Fire Hazards AnalysisFire Safety – Fire Hazards Analysis

• Identify the most dangerous fire risks that could Identify the most dangerous fire risks that could damage safety systems needed to safely shut down damage safety systems needed to safely shut down the reactorthe reactor

– Safe-shutdown analysis methodology meeting international Safe-shutdown analysis methodology meeting international standards developed for Soviet-designed reactors.standards developed for Soviet-designed reactors.

– Reactor Core Protection Evaluation Methodology for Fires at Reactor Core Protection Evaluation Methodology for Fires at RBMK and VVER Nuclear Power Plants RBMK and VVER Nuclear Power Plants

– Russian and Ukrainian specialists trained on safe-shutdown Russian and Ukrainian specialists trained on safe-shutdown analysis methodsanalysis methods

– Safe-shutdown analyses in progressSafe-shutdown analyses in progress• Smolensk Unit 3, Russia Smolensk Unit 3, Russia • Zaporizhzhya Unit 5, UkraineZaporizhzhya Unit 5, Ukraine

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Fire Hazards Analysis MethodologyFire Hazards Analysis Methodology

• ObjectivesObjectives

– Systematically Evaluate the Safety Systematically Evaluate the Safety Significance of Fires Significance of Fires

– Identify and prioritize the areas for Identify and prioritize the areas for Safety Upgrades Safety Upgrades

– Identify and Evaluate Alternative FixesIdentify and Evaluate Alternative Fixes

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Fire Hazards Analysis MethodologyFire Hazards Analysis Methodology

• Screening Evaluation Screening Evaluation

– Based on “Reactor Core Protection Based on “Reactor Core Protection Evaluation Methodology” RCPEM (DOE/NE-Evaluation Methodology” RCPEM (DOE/NE-0113 Rev-1)0113 Rev-1)

– Detailed EvaluationDetailed Evaluation• Based on Room Specific Fire Impact Based on Room Specific Fire Impact

Evaluation on Safe Shutdown SystemsEvaluation on Safe Shutdown Systems

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Deterministic Evaluation (RCPEM)Deterministic Evaluation (RCPEM)

• Define Safe Shutdown SystemsDefine Safe Shutdown Systems• Identify Safety Related Equipment/CablesIdentify Safety Related Equipment/Cables• Identify Fire Compartment/Cells and Fire Identify Fire Compartment/Cells and Fire

Protection FeaturesProtection Features• Collect Cable Routing and Equipment Collect Cable Routing and Equipment

Location DataLocation Data• Develop Computerized Data Base (Access)Develop Computerized Data Base (Access)• Identify Fire Compartment/Cells Impacting Identify Fire Compartment/Cells Impacting

More Than One Shutdown PathMore Than One Shutdown Path

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Determine Fire-Caused Initiating EventsDetermine Fire-Caused Initiating Events

• Determine Fire Caused Initiating EventsDetermine Fire Caused Initiating Events

• Determine Impact of Fire Compartment/Cell Determine Impact of Fire Compartment/Cell on Individual Safe Shutdown Equipmenton Individual Safe Shutdown Equipment

• Develop Dependency Matrices Illustrating Develop Dependency Matrices Illustrating System DependenciesSystem Dependencies

• Develop/Modify the System models to Develop/Modify the System models to account for Fire Impact including the related account for Fire Impact including the related Human ActionsHuman Actions

• Identify the Success paths to Safe Shutdown Identify the Success paths to Safe Shutdown and the associated Success Probabilitiesand the associated Success Probabilities

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Smolensk Unit-3Smolensk Unit-3

• RBMK-1000RBMK-1000

• VNIIAES - Primary ContractorVNIIAES - Primary Contractor

• Fire Hazards Analysis Completed – Fire Hazards Analysis Completed – December 2000December 2000

• Potential Vulnerabilities IdentifiedPotential Vulnerabilities Identified

• Corrective Action Plans Being Developed Corrective Action Plans Being Developed

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Zaporizhzhya Unit-5Zaporizhzhya Unit-5

• VVER-1000VVER-1000

• Ukraine: Kiev-ENERGOPROJECTUkraine: Kiev-ENERGOPROJECT

• Have finished Data Collection, Cable Routing, Have finished Data Collection, Cable Routing, and Fire Compartment/Cell Evaluationand Fire Compartment/Cell Evaluation

• Currently entering plant data into Currently entering plant data into computerized database (ACCESS)computerized database (ACCESS)

• Deterministic Analysis will be Completed by Deterministic Analysis will be Completed by June 2001June 2001

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U.S. Participants in SmolenskU.S. Participants in SmolenskSafe Shutdown Analysis Safe Shutdown Analysis

• Grigory Trosman (DOE)Grigory Trosman (DOE)

• Rich Denning (PNNL)Rich Denning (PNNL)

• Andy Minister (PNNL)Andy Minister (PNNL)

• Ali Azarm (BNL)Ali Azarm (BNL)

• Bob Kalantari (EPM)Bob Kalantari (EPM)

• Mike Archdeacon (Bechtel)Mike Archdeacon (Bechtel)

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Conclusions Conclusions

• Where do we go from here?Where do we go from here?– Implement improvements identified by the fire hazards

analysis– Apply fire hazards analysis techniques to other RBMK

and VVER reactors

• How can you work to improve the How can you work to improve the safety of your reactors?safety of your reactors?– Openly interact with the workshop participants to

discuss fire safety issues at your NPPs– Identify fire safety issues to your management and

regulators to get them addressed

Documents

IG0011013.1 International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation Andrew Minister, Project Manager Soviet-Designed Reactor Safety Program “Fire Safety Analysis