Ilmu Penyakit Parasiter

Laboratorium Parastologi Veteriner

FKH UB

Protozoa Intestinal

Topics

Giardiasis

Amoebiasis

Balantidiasis

Trichomoniasis

Histomoniasis

GIARDASIS

MORPHOLOGY

Giardiasis

Worldwide distribution pada mamalia, burung dan amphibi.

Giardia duodenalis in domestic and wild mammals (termasuk manusia)

G. muris in rodents

Life cycle

Pathogenesis

Menyebabkan atrophy villi dan hyperplasia kripta

Terjadi penurunan luas permukaan serap usus halus; penyerapan glukosa, air, dan natrium.

Menurunkan aktifitas penyerapan disakarida

Clinical Signs

Ruminants—diare dan kehilangan berat badan

Horses—tanda-tanda klinis sering tidak ada; diare dan penurunan tingkat pertumbuhan anak kuda.

Dogs and cats—tanda-tanda klinis sering tidak ada; ketika ada, acute, chronic, or intermittent foulsmelling, fatty diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, anorexia

Diagnosis

• ANTEMORTEMDeteksi trophozoite atau cyst di feces

• Fecal flotation

• ELISA test

• Immunofluorescence

• Duodenal aspiration

Treatment and Control

• Dogs: fenbendazole, metronidazole (22 mg per kg orally twice daily for 5 days)

• Cats: metronidazole

• Calves: fenbendazole (a single 10 mg dose, 10–20 mg per day for 3 days, 0.833 mg daily for 6 days), albendazole at 20 mg per day for 3 days

• kista bertahan paling baik di bawah kondisi dingin dan lembab sehingga menjagadaerah tetap kering

• kista rentan terhadap amoniumyang direkomendasikan untukdesinfeksi kandang

• segera buang kotoran dan pembersihan kandang yang sering dan menyeluruh.

Video Giardiasis

Amoebiasis

➢CYST AMOEBA → LUMEN USUS → EPITHEL USUS →MUKOSA →SUB MUKOSA, MUSKULARIS → ULCER (LUKA) → AEROBACTER AEROGENES DAN ESCHERICHIA COLI→ DIARHAE

➢SYST. LYMPHATIC → HEPAR → LESI-LESI → ABSES → HEPATIC AMOEBIC ABSES

PATOGENESIS

DIAGNOSA :

BERDASARKAN GEJALA KLINIS

PEMERIKSAAN FESES

SEROLOGIS

• PENGOBATAN :

• METRONIDAZOLE

• TETRASIKLIN

• DILOXANIDE FUROAT

• DI IODOHYDROXYQUINOLINE

Video Amobaesis

Balantidiasis

MORPHOLOGY

Balantidium coli, 50-20 mikrometer, hidup di lumen colon dari manusia, babi, rodensia, dan mamalia.

Membentuk ulcer

Menimbulkan reaksi inflamasi memicu neutrophil

SIKLUS HIDUP

HOSPES : BABI, KERA, MANUSIA, ANJING, KUCING

PENULARAN: TERTELANNYA CYST

GEJALA KLINIS : DIARE BERDARAH,PENURUNAN BERAT BADAN,KELEMAHAN

PATOGENESIS :CYST BALANTIDIUM→EKSISTASI DI USUS HALUS→COLON MUKOSA → SUBMUKOSA → ULCERA → ENTERITIS →DIARHAE

DIAGNOSA : PEMERIKSAAN FECES

PENGOBATAN: METRONIDAZOLE, CARBAZONE

Video Balantidiasis

Trichomoniasis

AVIAN TRICHOMONIASIS

CAUSA : TRICHOMONAS GALLINAE

HOSPES : BURUNG MERPATI, AYAM,

KALKUN

CARA PENULARAN

BURUNG : PIGEON MILK

AYAM : AIR MINUM

GEJALA KLINIS

NGOROK, EXUDAT RONGGA MULUT

LESI-LESI KUNING : RONGGA MULUT, LIDAH, OESOPHAGUS,

CROP, PROVENTRICULUS, LIVER.

Patologi

• Menyebabkan inflamasi dan ulcerasi pada mouth, sinuses, esophagus, crop, and proventriculus, berlanjut ke liver, serosal surface of the intestinal tract, pancreas, and heart.

DIAGNOSA

• GEJALA KLINIS• PEMERIKSAAN PARASIT

(SWAP SAL. PENCERNAAN BAG. ATAS)

Pengobatan dan pencegahan

• Metronidazole at 30–60 mg per kg orally, twice daily for 5–7 days;

• Carnidazole 10 mg orally. • Minimalkan kontak

unggas denganmerpati; memeliharaburung di kawatuntuk menghindarikontaminasi tinja.

Tritrichomonas fetus

• Trichomonosis is a venereal disease of cattle caused by Tritrichomonas foetus, a flagellate protozoan parasite(OIE,2018)

• Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellate, pyriform protozoan parasite

• approximately 8–18 µm long and 4–9 µm wide

• three anterior and one posterior flagellae

• undulating membrane

Ax = axostyle; Co = costa; Nu = nucleus; PB = parabasal body; PE = pelta; UM = undulating membrane; FA = anterior flagella; FP = posterior flagellum.

Clinical signs

Trichomonosis is asymptomatic in bulls

however in cows the disease is characterised by infertility,

abortion, embryonic and early fetal death, fetal

maceration, pyometra and vaginal discharge.

Distribusi dan transmisi

The disease has a world-wide distribution

major economic importance as a cause of abortion and infertility, especially in dairy cattle.

Transmission of the disease is primarily by coitus, but mechanical transmission by insemination instruments can occur.

• Tritrichomonas fetus isolated from cats.

Geographical distribution of surveys for and case report of Tritrichomonas foetus detected positive cats worldwideChaoqun yao dan Liza S.Koster (2015)

diagnostic method

• In bull examination and culture of smegma from the prepuce and penis, while in cows the preferred sample is vaginal mucus

• fluid collection

• PCR

• serologis

Treatment

Therapeutics reported in the literature include:

paromomycin, fenbendazole, furazolidone, nitazoxanide, metronidazole, tinidazole and ronidazole

Histomoniasis(BLACK HEAD

DISEASES)

Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs

• Chickens: nonpathogenic.

• Turkeys:

• inflammation and ulcers in the cecanecrotic tissue, exudate, dan parasitesplug ceca

• liver, menyebabakan yellowgreen areas

• GK : depression, inappetence, sulfur-colored droppings, cyanosis of the head death.

Diagnosa

Pemeriksaan feses

Pemeriksaan apusan segar tepi lesi cecal atau hati

Histologi sections

Pengobatan dan

pencegahan

• Terapi : nitro-imidazole orally

• Pencegahan :

• Modern, intensive management

• Pisahkan turkeys dengan ayam

• Hindari kontaminasi dengan tanah

• Sanitasi kandang

• Jangan menggunakan litter secara berulang, hal ini meningkatkan jumlah H. meleagridis

• Obati unggas dari cacingan (Heterakis gallinarum)

Finish