Immunology ; Science of Self/Non-self Discrimination
Slide 2
Immunity ; The state of protection from infectious disease.
immunis ; exempt, individuals who had recovered from certain
infectious diseases were thereafter protected from the disease.
Immune response Recognition ; specificity Response ; effector
response : eliminate or neutralize the organism memory response :
rapid & heightened immune reaction Innate immunity vs. adaptive
immunity
Slide 3
Smallpox; a historical perspective The most destructive disease
in history In the 20th century, more than 300 million people
succumbed to Smallpox. Variolation Ancient Chinese and Indian
physicians (11th century) recognize the practice to inject pus from
smallpox lesions into healthy individuals in hope of inducing mild
disease. Introduced into England in 1721 Many people contracted
smallpox from variolation (1-2% fatality), but, much better
alternative than natural smallpox (25% of whole population and 40%
in young children).
Slide 4
The first Vaccine Edward Jenner (1749-1823) ; Milkmaids who had
been exposed to cowpox (a mild disease in humans) were protected
against smallpox (1796) Louis Pasteur; - Vaccination (vacca = cow
in Latin) in 1881 - Attenuated rabies viral vaccine (1885); Safer
and more efficient methods for the preparation of larger quantity
of vaccine. Yellow fever virus vaccine (1935) Influenza virus
vaccine(1936)
Slide 5
cartoon from 1802
Slide 6
Effect of Vaccination Measles Vaccine Smallpox Vaccine
Slide 7
20th century flu pandemics PandemicYear Influenza A virus
subtype People infected (approx) Deaths (est.) Case fatality rate
1918 flu pandemic 191819H1N1 0.5 to 1 billion (near 50%) 20 to 100
million>2.5% Asian flu195658H2N22 million
