Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest

Unit 2

The American Colonies and England

● During the 18th century England served as cultural and political model for the colonieso Examples of colonial

self rule● 1685, James II, ruled

without Parliament, Catholico tightened control over

New England

The American Colonies and England

● 1689, James II overthrowno Glorious Revolutiono William and Mary, English Bill of Rights

● During this time England adopted a new colonial policyo Salutary neglect

The American Colonies and England

● The Enlightenmento problems could be solved by human reason

● Philosopherso John Lockeo Rousseauo Voltaireo Montesquie

French and Indian War

● Began with conflict over the Ohio Valleyo George Washington was defeated by the French o Set off a world war (7 years war in Europe)

● The Albany Plan of the Uniono 1754 delegates met in Albany, NYo Benjamin Franklin, provided for recruitment of

troops and collecting of taxes from all the colonies for common defense

The French and Indian War

British

• March in formation or bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

• Drills & tough discipline.

• Colonists should pay for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerilla tactics.

• Col. militias served under own captains.

• No mil. deference or protocols observed.

• Resistance to rising taxes.

• Casual, non-professionals.

Methods ofFighting:MilitaryOrganization:

MilitaryDiscipline:

Finances:

Demeanor:

British-American Colonial TensionsBritish-American Colonial Tensions

Colonials

French and Indian War

● Effects of the War of G.B.?o Increased her colonial empire in the

Americaso Greatly enlarged England’s debto G.B.’s contempt for colonials created

bitter feelings England believes that they need a

“reorganization” of the American colonies

French and Indian War

● Effect on the Colonieso They were united against a

common enemyo Created a socializing experience

for those who participatedo Created bitter feelings toward that

British that would only intensify

North America in 1763

North America in 1763

Causes of the American Revolution

● In the years following the war Parliament adopted legislation that made the colonists become suspicious of British motiveso Sugar Acto Quartering Act

Causes of the American Revolution

● Stamp Acto Every colony reactedo Patrick Henry, demanded the King

recognize the rights of all citizens No taxation without representation

o James Otis called for cooperation from the colonies to protest the Stamp Act

Causes of the American Revolution

● Stamp Act Congresso 9 representatives met in NYo Only thier own elected representatives

could approve taxes● Formation of the Sons of Liberty

o attacked tax collectorso Boycotts

Causes of the American Revolution

● 1766, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and enacted the Declaratory Acto Stated that Parliament had the right

to enact taxation in the colonies in all cases

Causes of the American Revolution

● Townshend Acts: 1767, new taxes on imports of tea, glass, and papero Provided for the search of homes,writs of

assistance● No taxation without representation!!!

o The acts were eventually repealled, however they allowed the tax on...

Causes of the American Revolution

● Boston Massacreo Bostionians were not happy about the

British presence in their cityo March 1770, a crowd gathered outside the

custom house and began harassing British soliders The guards fired into the crowd, killing 5

people Soliders were defended at trial by John Adams Used incite anti British feelings

Causes of the American Revolution

• Between 1770-1772, Samuel Adams and others formed Committees of Correspondence

• Regularly exchange letters about suspicious or threatening British activities

Causes of the American Revolution

• The colonists continued to boycott English tea

• - 1773 Britain passed the Tea Act, making English tea cheaper

• - Boston Tea Party, Dec. 1773

Causes of the American Revolution

• The Boston Tea Party angered Parliament and the King

• The British enacted the Coercive Acts as punishment, the colonist called them the…

Causes of the American Revolution

• The Coercive Acts (1774)

1. Closed the Port of Boston

2. Reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature

3. Royal officials would be tried in England, not the colonies

4. Expanded the Quartering Act