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Imperialism

Chapter 10

U.S. Foreign Policy •  Monroe Doctrine

–  No new colonization by Europe in western hemisphere

–  U.S. stays out of European affairs –  If Europe attempts to colonize in the west, U.S.

would consider it an act of war •  Many Spanish colonies revolting against

Europe –  U.S. warning Europe to stay out –  Encouraged revolting countries to adopt American

democratic model

U.S. Foreign Policy

•  ___________________ toward Europe •  Everywhere else very involved:

–  Indian affairs – Spanish colonies – Mexico – Manifest Destiny expanding toward into the

Pacific and Latin America •  Imperialism:

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5 P’s of Expansion

1.  ________________ –  Industrialization meant need for more

_____________________________ –  Must expand to compete with Europe –  Large amounts of raw materials in Africa,

Caribbean, Pacific, Latin America –  Not enough markets in USA for goods

5 P’s of Expansion

2.  _____________ –  Expansion to

assert American power

–  Spread “superior” American culture

•  ______________ •  _______________

_______________

5 P’s of Expansion

•  3. ______________ –  Add to economic and

political empire you become powerful.

–  Less likely to be _______________.

–  Military strategy

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_________________

•  Wrote “ ________________________________

•  Strong ______ key to world dominance and control of sea

•  Influential work that saw U.S. build up its ____________

The ________________: 1907

4. ___________: spread ______

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

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5 P’s of Expansion

5. _______________________ –  Politicians must listen to _____________

•  Businesses want to expand •  Businesses giving millions to campaigns

–  Expansion allows U.S. to escape divisive (and boring) _______________ issues

–  Foreign involvement influenced _______________________________

Opponents to Expansion: ____________________

•  Argued expansion violated U.S. idea of __________________________________

•  Avoid foreign alliances –  ______________________________________

•  Would require increased spending to build up and maintain strong navy

U.S.-____________ Relations •  Agreements in 1870s and 1880s in areas of _______

trade, use of ports, naval bases •  U.S. controlled ________________________by 1887 •  Americans also bought sugar plantations in Hawaii

–  ___________________________of Hawaii’s wealth –  Also paid many Hawaiian sugar planters top dollar for crop –  Resented by many Hawaiians

•  USA trying to__________________Hawaii by 1890 –  Annex: ______________________________________ –  Problem: Most Native Hawaiians wanted to remain separate

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Hawaiian _________________

Hawaii for the Hawaiians! Tore up trade agreements sugar planters had with U.S.

U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii " Jan. 1893 – American

businessmen and sugar planters backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani.

" Uprising worked and Queen removed.

"   ____________________proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894 and becomes _____________

______________________ •  Cuba revolts against Spain in 1895

–  Led by _______________________ •  U.S. had profitable __________________with

Cuba = $100 million/yr. •  Sugar planters wanted to be annexed by U.S. •  Sugar planters burn crops to try to get U.S.

attention and protest Spain •  U.S. also believed control of Cuba = control of

__________________________________ •  ____________ sends in troops to stop revolt

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U.S. Reaction •  Spain send Valeriano “______________Weyler to Cuba in 1896

•  Spain captures Cuban revolters and sends them to “_____________” camps

•  _______________stir up U.S. sentiment Spain

•  Protect the weak

“Yellow Journalism”

____________

____________________

Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!

Spanish Misrule in Cuba

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______________________ " Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish

Ambassador to the U.S.

" Criticized President ___________________

" Called President weak " Most in U.S. took it as

a dare to stop Spain in Cuba

" McKinley still refused to attack Spain in Cuba

_________________________ " ____________________

_in the McKinley administration.

" Criticized President McKinley as having the ____________________

" Later, resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

___________________ and to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

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War Declared in 1898

•  Yellow journalists continue to add fuel

•  President McKinley demands Spain give Cuba independence

•  ____________ declares war

The Spanish-American War (1898): “________________________”

“_____________”

• 385 men killed by Spain

• 5000 by disease

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_____ Captures Manila (8/1898)

The _____________: 1898

" Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.

" Spain gave up _________and the island of ___________ to U.S.

" The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the ________________.

" The U. S. becomes an_________ power!

The _________________________

" Founded in 1899.

" Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders.

" Campaigned against the ________________ of the Philippines and other acts of ________________

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The Imperialist Taylor

______________War (1899) •  Cuba was not annexed •  Filipinos upset they

were not treated the same way as Cubans

•  War to stop

__________and revolutionaries

•  Philippines remains U.S. property until 1946

_________________, 1st Gov.-General of the Philippines

Great administrator.

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U.S. Seeks Market in _______

•  China, because of past treatment, was suspicious of U.S.

•  U.S. needs market for new territories of ______________________________

•  Other nations (Russia, Japan, etc.) also covet China

The _________________

" _______________________________.

" Give all nations _____ access to trade in China.

" No ________________________.

" Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

The ____________: 1900

" Boxers: ____________ who want U.S. and other countries out of China

" Killed thousands of _______________________________

" Boxers defeated by Chinese, Philippine, and American army

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Theodore Roosevelt

•  ____________for McKinley’s second term

•  Becomes President after McKinley a____________ by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in 1901.

TR Divided the World

•  Civilized: _______________________ •  Uncivilized: ______________________ •  Civilized had the responsibility to police

the uncivilized •  Civilized must spread

_______________________________ •  _______________________________

1900 USA

•  _________________________people •  More populous than many

_______________________________ •  TR: this justifies

_______________________________

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Constable of the World

_______________War (1904)

•  War between Russia and Japan •  TR fears __________ would try to shut

U.S. out of _____________________ •  Japan approaches TR to facilitate

peace agreement •  TR negotiates peace in 1906

– Won ____________________________

Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905

Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy

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____________

TR in Panama (Construction begins in

1904)

U.S. in __________________

•  As U.S. economic interests increased, U.S. policy towards “outsiders” strengthens –  “Outsiders” =

_________________________

•  U.S. wants _________________ dominance

The _____________to the _________________: 1905

•  Added to the Monroe Doctrine

•  TR stated that the US would use force to protect ____________________________________

•  _______ is now used to justify US involvement in Latin America.

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____________________

•  __________________ foreign policy •  Use American ________________ in

strategic areas of world (Far East, Panama Canal, etc.) – Countries would be __________ to U.S.

because they need US ____________ – __________ would bring prosperity to U.S.

________ and Foreign Affairs

•  Wilson was _______________but would get involved in the affairs of other countries. –  Haiti (1916) –  Dominican Republic (1916)

•  Bought _____________from Denmark (1917) •  __________________: U.S. would not

recognize any government that was ___________________________________

_____________________

•  U.S. investors had billions invested into Mexico

•  U.S. sent troops to Mexico to capture Pancho Villa when he crossed the border and killed Americans –  “_____________________________” – Had to call off when World War I started