Imperialism & the Imperialism & the Spanish American Spanish American

WarWar

What is What is Imperialism?Imperialism?

ImperialismOne people Ruling or controlling other

people

Where did the Where did the US implement US implement Imperialism?Imperialism?

Pacific IslandsPacific Islands

Hawaii

Samoa

Guam

Philippines

The CaribbeanThe Caribbean

Puerto Rico

Cuba

Why did the US Why did the US implement implement

Imperialism?Imperialism?

# 1 Everyone else is # 1 Everyone else is doing it. doing it.

To compete as a To compete as a world powerworld power

#2 A World Power has a powerful navy that needs

fueling stations

#3 The best #3 The best trade is with trade is with China and China and the world the world

was leaving was leaving the US out. the US out.

Queen VictoriaQueen Victoria

Czar Nicholas Czar Nicholas IIII

William IIWilliam II

Meiji Emperor Meiji Emperor of Japanof Japan

Marianne of Marianne of FranceFrance

Follow the path from the US to China. Follow the path from the US to China. We need the islands in betweenWe need the islands in between

#4 to spread Democracy#4 to spread Democracy

Pro-ImperialismPro-Imperialism"The Opposition tells us that we ought not to govern a people "The Opposition tells us that we ought not to govern a people without their consent. I answer, The rule of liberty that all just without their consent. I answer, The rule of liberty that all just government derives its authority from, the consent of the government derives its authority from, the consent of the governed, applies only to those who are capable of self- governed, applies only to those who are capable of self- government. I answer, We govern the Indians without their government. I answer, We govern the Indians without their consent, we govern our territories without their consent, we consent, we govern our territories without their consent, we govern our children without their consent. I answer, How do govern our children without their consent. I answer, How do you assume that our government would be without their you assume that our government would be without their consent? Would not the people of the Philippines prefer the just, consent? Would not the people of the Philippines prefer the just, humane, civilizing government of this republic to the savage, humane, civilizing government of this republic to the savage, bloody rule of pillage and extortion from which we have bloody rule of pillage and extortion from which we have rescued them? "rescued them? "

(Albert J. Beveridge, "March of the Flag," 16 September 1898) (Albert J. Beveridge, "March of the Flag," 16 September 1898)

Anti-ImperialismAnti-Imperialism"Let us not be misled by names. Imperialism is not a question "Let us not be misled by names. Imperialism is not a question of crowns and scepters, of names and titles. It is a system of of crowns and scepters, of names and titles. It is a system of government. Where a man or body of men, an Emperor, a government. Where a man or body of men, an Emperor, a President, a Congress, or a Nation, claims the absolute right President, a Congress, or a Nation, claims the absolute right to rule a people, to compel the submission of that people by to rule a people, to compel the submission of that people by brute force, to decide what rights they shall have, what taxes brute force, to decide what rights they shall have, what taxes they shall pay, what judges shall administer their laws, what they shall pay, what judges shall administer their laws, what men shall govern them,--all without responsibility to the men shall govern them,--all without responsibility to the people thus governed--this is imperialism, the antithesis of people thus governed--this is imperialism, the antithesis of free government".free government".

(anti-Imperialist League 1901) (anti-Imperialist League 1901)

Manifest DestinyManifest DestinyExpansionExpansion• 13 Colonies13 Colonies• Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase

- Purchased from France1803- Purchased from France1803• FloridaFlorida

- Adams-Onis Treaty 1819- Adams-Onis Treaty 1819

• TexasTexas- annexation 1845- annexation 1845

• OregonOregon- Oregon Treaty 1846- Oregon Treaty 1846

• Mexican CessionMexican Cession- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848

• Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase- Ratified by Congress 1854- Ratified by Congress 1854

• AlaskaAlaska- Purchased from Russia 1867- Purchased from Russia 1867

ImperialismImperialism• HawaiiHawaii

- annexed 1893- annexed 1893

• SamoaSamoa- Divided w/ Germany 1899- Divided w/ Germany 1899

• CubaCuba- - Spanish American War 1898Spanish American War 1898- Platt Amendment 1901- Platt Amendment 1901

• Puerto RicoPuerto Rico• - Spanish American war armistice - Spanish American war armistice

18981898- Jones Act= territory and - Jones Act= territory and American Citizens1917American Citizens1917

• GuamGuam- Spanish American War armistice - Spanish American War armistice 18981898

• PhilippinesPhilippines- - Treaty of Paris Spain sells for $20 Treaty of Paris Spain sells for $20 millionmillion- Philippine War 1901- Philippine War 1901

What were the What were the Causes of the Causes of the

Spanish American Spanish American War?War?

#1 Unrest in Cuba#1 Unrest in Cuba• Cuban fights for Cuban fights for

independence from independence from SpainSpain

• Spanish General Spanish General Valeriano Weyler Valeriano Weyler (“Butcher Weyler”) (“Butcher Weyler”) puts civilians in puts civilians in concentration campsconcentration camps

#2 Yellow Journalism#2 Yellow Journalism• A style of sensational A style of sensational

exaggerated reportingexaggerated reporting

• Popularized by Popularized by William Hearst of the William Hearst of the New York JournalNew York Journal and and Joseph Pulitzer of the Joseph Pulitzer of the New York WorldNew York World

Male Spanish officials strip search an American woman Male Spanish officials strip search an American woman tourist in Cuba looking for messages from rebels; front tourist in Cuba looking for messages from rebels; front

page "yellow journalism" from Hearst (artist: Remington)page "yellow journalism" from Hearst (artist: Remington)

Did Yellow Journalism start a Did Yellow Journalism start a War?War?

• William Hearst sent Frederic Remington to William Hearst sent Frederic Remington to draw war scenesdraw war scenes

• Remington sent Hearst a TelegramRemington sent Hearst a Telegram

““Everything is quiet. There is no trouble Everything is quiet. There is no trouble here. There will be no war. I wish to return.”here. There will be no war. I wish to return.”

• Hearst respondedHearst responded

““Please remain. You furnish the pictures, Please remain. You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war.”and I’ll furnish the war.”

#3 The De Lome Letter#3 The De Lome Letter• Letter written by Letter written by

Enrique Dupuy de Enrique Dupuy de Lome: Spain’s minister Lome: Spain’s minister to USto US

• De Lome referred to De Lome referred to McKinley as “weak and McKinley as “weak and catering to the rabble”catering to the rabble”

• Americans are insulted Americans are insulted and want war!and want war!

#4 The USS Maine Explodes#4 The USS Maine Explodes• USS Maine sent to USS Maine sent to

Havanah Harbor Havanah Harbor to protect to protect American lives and American lives and propertyproperty

• Feb. 15, 1898 it Feb. 15, 1898 it explodesexplodes

• 260 American die260 American die

The half-The half-submerged submerged

battleship Maine battleship Maine in the harbour of in the harbour of

Havana, 1900Havana, 1900

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War• April 25, 1898April 25, 1898

• US Declares War!US Declares War!

• War ends July War ends July 18981898

• Commodore Commodore George Dewey George Dewey attacks in May attacks in May and takes the and takes the Philippines Aug. Philippines Aug. 14, 189814, 1898

Volunteer cavalry of cowboys, gold or mining prospectors, hunters, gamblers, Buffalo soldiers, Volunteer cavalry of cowboys, gold or mining prospectors, hunters, gamblers, Buffalo soldiers, Native Americans and college boys from Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and Indian Native Americans and college boys from Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and Indian

TerritoryTerritory

TR and the Rough RidersTR and the Rough Riders

• African American African American SoldiersSoldiers

• 99thth and 10 and 10thth Cavalry Cavalry

Buffalo SoldiersBuffalo Soldiers

San Juan HillSan Juan Hill

• Both Kettle and San Juan HillBoth Kettle and San Juan Hill

• Led by T. RooseveltLed by T. Roosevelt

• Americans lost 3x the menAmericans lost 3x the men

• Launches T. Roosevelt’s political careerLaunches T. Roosevelt’s political career

"We were exposed to the "We were exposed to the Spanish fire, but there was Spanish fire, but there was

very little because just very little because just before we started, why, the before we started, why, the Gatling guns opened up at Gatling guns opened up at the bottom of the hill, and the bottom of the hill, and

everybody yelled, “The everybody yelled, “The Gatlings! The Gatlings!” Gatlings! The Gatlings!” and away we went. The and away we went. The

Gatlings just enfiladed the Gatlings just enfiladed the top of those trenches. We’d top of those trenches. We’d

never have been able to never have been able to take Kettle Hill if it hadn’t take Kettle Hill if it hadn’t been for Parker’s Gatling been for Parker’s Gatling

guns.”guns.”

Jesse D. Langdon of the 1st Jesse D. Langdon of the 1st Volunteer InfantryVolunteer Infantry

Battle of San Juan Hill Battle of San Juan Hill (Kettle) Hill)(Kettle) Hill)

What did the US gain from What did the US gain from the War? the War?

• The US gainsThe US gains

- Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and - Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippinesthe Philippines

• War cost = $250 millionWar cost = $250 million

• 2,000 die2,000 die

How did imperialism impact the How did imperialism impact the Philippines?Philippines?

• Filipino nationalists did not want US ruleFilipino nationalists did not want US rule

• 3yrs of fighting in Philippine American 3yrs of fighting in Philippine American WarWar

- 220,000 Filipinos die- 220,000 Filipinos die

• War ends 1901War ends 1901

• Full independence not granted until July Full independence not granted until July 4, 19464, 1946

There’s There’s plenty of plenty of

room at the room at the table, why table, why not ask the not ask the

hungry little hungry little fellow to sit fellow to sit

downdown

Prosperity Prosperity Plum Plum

PuddingPuddingCuba- bowl Cuba- bowl says says

ReciprocityReciprocity

Puerto Rico- Puerto Rico- bowl says bowl says

Free TradeFree Trade

PhilippinesPhilippines

US US Prosperity Prosperity

all the Timeall the Time

EducationEducation

Questions?Questions?