Importance of Excitation

Power Roadshow - IndonesiaImportance of Excitation in Power Plants

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UNITROL®

Indonesia Power Roadshow

Jakarta, March 25 2008

Importance of Excitation Systems in Power Plants

Pedro Lopez

Automation Products Asia Network, Regional Sales Engineer

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ExcitationSystems Content

� Basics Of Excitation Systems

� Duties & Functionalities of Excitation Systems

� Benefits of Retrofitting

� Product Portfolio


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SYNCHRONOUSGENERATORTURBINE

GOVERNOR

EXCITATIONTRANSFORMER

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EXCITATIONSYSTEM

GENERATORBREAKER1

1

SYNCHRONIZING

2

PROTECTION

STATIC STARTER

CONTROL SYSTEMS

AC & DCAUXILIARY SYSTEMS

STEP UP TRANSFORMER

HV- BREAKER

HV SYSTEM CONTROL ROOM

PT’s&CT’s

AUX.TRANSF

.

STARPOINT

CUBICLE

LV SWITCHGEAR

The Power Station©

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ExcitationSystems

Turbine Generator

Excitation System

��

��

Basics of Electrical Power Generation - Review

Mechanical Energy

ConsumersTransmissionElectrical Energy

Primary Energy

Conversion


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8ExcitationSystems Main Types of Synchronous Machines

Rotor Stator

Rotor

Stator

Turbo-Generator Hydro-Generator

� For high rotation speed > 1500 rpm

� For Steam and Gas Turbines

� For low rotation speed < 1500 U/min

� For Hydro Turbines

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ExcitationSystems

STATOR

+

_

Excitation system

Basics of Excitation Systems

AIR-GAPIf (DC Current)

Ug (AC Output Voltage)

ROTOR


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8ExcitationSystems Content





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ExcitationSystems

No-LoadIf Ug

Controlled Object

ElectricalGenerator

ExcitationSystem

Functionality – Closed Loop Regulation


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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE CONNECT THE GENERATOR TO A LOAD OR NETWORK?

Behavior of a Generator Connected to the Network©

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ExcitationSystems Network Complexity

12

3

T95_0157.DRW

Tie

Regional grid

Substation

Power station

The Network: Many Generators and Loads

UNet

Infinite bus voltageExternal reactance

Xe


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Disturbance

If Ug

Controlled Object

ElectricalGenerator

Network

ExcitationSystem

Functionality – Closed Loop Regulation Circuit©

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ExcitationSystems Behavior of a loaded Machine

Sudden load change in an isolatedsystem ( without AVR - Uf constant )

UfUg

Load


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8ExcitationSystems Regulation of Generator Terminal Voltage

SM

PID

AVRPulse

Generation

Thyr

isto

r C

onve

rterUg

Measuring

11+TR

(1+TC2)*(1+TC1)(1+TB2)*(1+TB1)

KR*

Uc

Uc

alpha10°el

90°el

150°el

11+TS

U2

Ud=1.35*U2*cosalpha- delta U

If = Ud / Rf

Ug = k * * n = k1 * If * n TR=0.02 sTS=0.004

kg1+Tg

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ExcitationSystems

1 p.u. = nominal

Generator

Over-excited(inductive)

Under-excited(capacitive)

Motor

Sta

bilit

y Li

mit

P/Q Limiter

Minimum Field Current Limiter

+P

+Q-Q

-P

Ifn

1

1-1

-1

dx1

δδδδϕϕϕϕ

IGn

Rotor Current Limiter

Stator Current Limiter

Driving Limit

The excitation system keeps the generator within thermal and stability limits

Power Chart with Operation Limits

Rotor over current inverse time

Loss of excitation protection

Limiter:

Protection:


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+P[MW]

+Q[MVAR]-Q

Q = 0.2 p.u

+P [MW]

+Q [MVAR]

-P

-Q

Cos � = 0.8

a) POWER FACTOR Control

b) REACTIVE POWER Control

Superimposed Control©

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ExcitationSystems Stable Distribution of Reactive Power

Generators directly connected to the same Busbars


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8ExcitationSystems Power System Stabilizer – PSS

Analogy: Mechanical oscillation circuit

M1

Dm

K (spring)

X (distance)

M2

MassDamper

Excitation system

GridAVRU ref

Disturbance:• Load variation• Load rejection• Short circuitsetc.

~If Ug

+++

-

GeneratorVoltage Regulator

Reference valueU Grid

Turbine

PSS

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ExcitationSystems

Transient Stability during large System Disturbances

AVR

Generator 1

Busbar

Grid

Short Circuit Point

Impact of Excitation System on Power System Stability

δδδδ

M

MA XdEpUg

M E

δsin⋅⋅=

Before Short Circuit(stable Condition)

Short Circuitwithout acting of

Excitation System(stability lost)

6.0.....3.01'

sin1

=

⋅⋅=

kXdEpxUgk

M E

δ

5.2....6.126.0.....3.01

'sin*21

==

⋅⋅=

k

kXd

EpkxUgkM E

δShort Circuitwith acting of

Excitation System(stability remained)


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IARV / UNF11 ECHIND / 612

Available Prot. & Monitoring Functions

Monitoring and Protection� Thyristor conduction monitoring

� DC short-circuit

� Loss of actual value (PT failure)

� Overcurrent

� Volts per Hertz

� Loss of excitation

� Rotor temperature

� Rotating diode failure (add. hardware required)

� Earth fault protection

� Etc.

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ExcitationSystems Internal & External Communication/HMI

HMIWorld

Outside

Control system


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8ExcitationSystems Modern Excitation Functionalities Overview

MU

B

COB(Control Board)

(Mea

surin

g B

oard

)

FIOBasis

CMT-Tools

MODBUSPROFIBUS

FIOExtension

Control TerminalLocal or Remote

Field Current Regulator

Protection

Monitoring

AVR; Limiters; PSS

Logic Control

(Extended Gate Controller)EGC(Option)

Converter Display

CIN

ConverterElectronics

GDI(Gate Driver

Interface)

(Converter Interface)

CONVERTER 1

CONVERTER 2CONVERTER 3

CONVERTER 4

FIELD FLASHINGFIELD SUPPRESSIONSM

AVR - Channel IAVR - Channel II

Uc

MODEM

TCP/IP

PLANT COMPUTERCONTROL SYSTEM

Dynamic Current Distr.

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8ExcitationSystems Excitation Lifecycle Management

� Product is no longer actively sold by PRU, but complete modules still available for most products from sPRU

� Enhancements available as technology permits

� Price may increase due to lower volume, increased vendor component costs, etc.

� Product manufacturing is no longer supported by R&D

� Spare part availability continues as long as components are available

� Recommended replacement with Active Product

� Recycling Services are available where permitted

� Product Support is no longer possible within reasonable cost

� ABB is no longer capable of supporting the product technically and/or old technology is no longer available

� Many ABB products have been and continue to be supported for over 20 years

� Product and services have been released for sale by ABB (PRU)

� Continuing search for functional enhancements

� Support upgrade and/or replacement from older products (limited & obsolete) to active version

Full Product Support Service Limited Product Support Service

Active� development and sales phase

Classic� product maintenance phase

Limited� service support phase

Obsolete� no viable service market or

technology remains

� Excitation LCM aims at optimized maintenance

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ExcitationSystems Reasons for Retrofitting

� Technology provided 20 years ago and more is obsolete

� Production of modules is usually difficult resulting in high costs and long delivery time

� Servicing know how is hardly available as the new generation of engineers dealing only with microprocessor technology

� The old AVRs normally require more spare parts, each module is dedicated to a function

� Missing functionalities:� Power System Stabilizer

� Serial communication

� Comprehensive fault and data recording

� Remote Access


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8ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Gas & Steam Plants Retrofit Project

� End user: PowerSeraya Ltd

� Location: Jurong Island, Singapore

� Generation:-

- Steam Plant: Stage I: 3 x 250 MW- Steam Plant: Stage II: 3 x 250 MW- Steam Plant: Stage III: 3 x 250 MW- Siemens CCPP: 370 MW- Open Cycle Gas Plant: 2 x 20 MW

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ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Steam Turbine Retrofit Project

Case 1: OLD Excitation System (before revamp):


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8ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Steam Turbine Retrofit Project

Proposed Excitation System according to the Technical SpecificationsThe proposed Static Excitation System is shown on the attached single line drawing ATPE/91559A SL

NEW (after revamp) ABB Unitrol 5000:

Type designation – SES :A Dual AUTO channel (AUTO/AUTO), each incl. MAN controller5 UNITROL 5000 (Microprocessor-based system 5000)S Standard n-1 redundancyO WithOut additional functions U5: U5 Thyristor converter, acc. to application requirements2 2 converter bridges (n-1 redundancy)1 1 Thyristor per bridge arm, 3-ph; 6-pulseD DC-breaker at converter output side3100 Rated breaker current in Amps

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NEW (after revamp) ABB Unitrol 5000 1/4

� ABB New Converters UNL14300�n-1 Configuration

� CDP, UNS0885, Converter Display


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High Power Thyristor Converter UNL14300

� Input voltage: 720 - 1’500 VAC

� Output current: 2’600 - 4’900 ADC

� Fully redundant cooling fans

� Maintenance on-line

� Converter display for fast diagnosis

� Modular design for easy parallelingfor system currents up to 10’000 A

NEW (after revamp) ABB Unitrol 5000 2/4:

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� ECT, Excitation Control Terminal

� Power Chart


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8ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Steam Turbine Retrofit Project


�GPS System

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Project Execution

� Award of Contract: 20 Oct 2005

� Completion of Commissioning of Unit 3: 17 May 2006 (completed within 6 wks)

� Completion of Commissioning of Unit 2: 7 July 2006 (completed within 4 wks)

� Completion of Commissioning of Unit 1: Scheduled for end Sep 2006

� SCOPE: Turnkey Retrofit project (3 UNITS) that includes:

� => Retrofit Generator Control and Protection Systems

� => Retrofit Excitation systems

� => Training


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8ExcitationSystems Benefits of Retrofitting to End-User

� Advantages of Digital Technologies UNITROL 5000: � All regulation, limiter, monitoring, protection and control functions and

pulse generation are managed by two boards: Measuring Unit Boardand Control Board. This implies:

� Considerable less number of modules

� Less spares

� Higher MTBF

� Computer based diagnostic including:� Commissioning and Maintenance Tools

� AVR-View; Remote diagnostic via Ethernet Serial Communication Link

� Remote diagnostic via Public Telephone Network

� Integration into the Computer Control System via Serial Ethernet

� Modern control algorithms (e.g. Power System Stabilizer) improvetransient stability and damping of the power swings.

� Local expertise & technical support

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8ExcitationSystems Brands

UNITROL®

ABB’s brand forExcitationSystems

UNITROL®

ABB’s brand forExcitationSystems

SYNCHROTACT®

ABB’s brand forSynchronization

Products

SYNCHROTACT®

ABB’s brand forSynchronization

Products

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ExcitationSystems Markets

� New installations:� Countries with large power plant potential, emerging markets

� Delivery to or co-operation with generator manufacturers

� Modernization:� For all kind of plants (e.g. nuclear, hydro, industry)

� For all types of synchronous machines independent of brand (e.g. ABB, BBC, Alstom, Siemens, GE)


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SM E

1 to 200 A

Rotating Exciter

+ brushless (mostly)- lower response time

SM

100 to 10000 A

Static Excitation

+ fast response time- brushes

AVR

AVR

Supply of Power electronics

(Shunt, PMG,auxiliary)

Basic Types of Excitation Systems©

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ExcitationSystems

UNITROL® F AVRUNITROL® F SES

UNITROL® 5000 SESUNITROL® 5000 SES

UNITROL® 1000 AVR

UNITROL® AVR and Excitation Systems


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8ExcitationSystems UNITROL® 1000 AVR Family

� Automatic Voltage Regulator for Synchronous Machines upto about 50MVA with rotating exciter

� Max. Output 40ADC and 300VDC

� Single channel or redundant configuration

� UNITROL 1000-7 � 7ADC and 300VDC

� Limited no. of I/O‘s

� Without local HMI

� UNITROL 1000-PM40

� Power Module with40ADC and 300VDC

� Used together withUNITROL1000-15

� UNITROL 1000-15 � 15ADC and 300VDC

� Local HMI

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ExcitationSystems

� Static Excitation Systems for synchronous generators for more than 10’000ADC Ifn

UNITROL® 5000 Static Excitation Systems

Example: n-1 or n-2 redundancy

Example: Cold standby redundancy 1+1 redundancy)


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40 A 500 A >10’000 AIfn

Ran

ge o

f App

licat

ion

UNITROL® 5000

UNITROL® F

UNITROL® 6000

UNITROL® Product Range

Excitation withrotating machine Static Excitation System

UNITROL® 1000

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ExcitationSystems UNITROL® 6000 – Static Excitation System

� AC800PEC controller - Fully compatible with ABB’s control platform

� Fiber-optic internal communication� Perfect electrical isolation

� Highest EMC immunity

� Easy separation between control and power plant

� Recommend:Optional withdrawable power converter modules


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AC 800PEC Processor Module

� Powerful ABB Power Electronics Controller � 600MHz PowerPC CPU (IBM/Motorola)

� 64 bit IEEE floating point calculation

The heart of UNITROL 6000©

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ExcitationSystems

Reference Example: Itaipu

� Project: Itaipu HPP Extension (1x823MVA/50Hz; 1x737MVA/60Hz)

� Enduser: Itaipu Binacional

� 50Hz: IE = 4824A, Upl = 1474V60Hz: IE = 3945A, Upl = 2350V

� Itaipu - The biggest HPP worldwide!

UNITROL 5000 System


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8ExcitationSystems References: Kousheng NPP / Taiwan

� Delivery year: 2005

� Customer: Taiwan Power Corporation

� Machine data: 2 x 1160 MVAManufactured by Westinghouse

� Excitation data:

� Ifn = 90 A

� Ufpl = 200 V

Retrofit

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ExcitationSystems

SYNCHROTACT® CSSCompact Synchronizing System

SYNCHROTACT® HBTHigh Speed Busbar Transfer

SYN 5100

SYN 5200SYN 5201SYN 5202

SYN 5302

The SYNCHROTACT 5Product Family

SYNCHROTACT® MSPModular Synchronizing Panel

SYNCHROTACT® Synchronizers


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SMTS-RT – Synchronous Machine Transient Simulation Real TimeA notebook based real time synchronous machine simulator which allows real time closed loop tests for AVR’s.

SMTS – Synchronous Machine Transient SimulationAllows the user to carry out simulations involving a

synchronous machine in a very short time and in a very easy way.

ECT Software - Excitation Control Terminal (ECT) SW is a user-friendly tool for operation, monitoring and maintenance for UNITROL 5000 excitation systems. .

Application Software©

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ExcitationSystems

FIBER OPTIC (UP TO 1000 m) OR TWISTED PAIR CABLE (UP TO 300 m)

ECT - Excitation Control TerminalCONTROL ROOM

OPERATION MENUPOWER CHART MENUSYSTEM MENUTRENDING MENUFAULT LOGGER MENUALARM MENUPARAMETER MENU


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8ExcitationSystems ABB University, Training center in Turgi

� Modern training facilities including:� 3 classrooms

� Laboratory

� Coffee Corner

� Hands-on training using simulators and demo unitsplays an important role in our training methods

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ExcitationSystems Our strengths

� Worldwide presence of UNITROL specialists

� Local manufacturing/service presencein more than 10 countries

� Local availability of Spares

� Volume supplier

Customer Benefits

� Short response time

� Knowledge of local market requirements


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Documents

Importance of Excitation