Improvement of rating curve through Manning's Equation and LiDAR

Sylvia A. Sueno and Hannah A. AventuradoUniversity of the Philippines

Disaster Risk Exposure and Assessment for Mitigation

(DREAM) Project

Presented at th

e FIG W

orking Week 2016,

May 2-6, 2

016 in Christchurch, N

ew Zealand

Philippines and flooding

Name Year USD

Haiyan (Yolanda) 2013 2.02 billion

Bopha (Pablo) 2012 1.04 billion

Rammasun (Glenda) 2014 871 million

Parma (Pepeng) 2009 608 million

Nesat (Pedring) 2011 333 million

Fengshen (Frank) 2008 301 million

Megi (Juan) 2010 255 million

Ketsana (Ondoy) 2009 244 million

Mike (Ruping) 1990 241 million

Angela (Rosing) 1995 241 million

Meteorological Sensors in the Philippines

Only baseflow discharge is available!

Surveyed Flow Data

Dipalo Bridge, Pangasinan

y = 2E-165e4.293x

R² = 0.8297

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

88.46 88.48 88.5 88.52 88.54

Dis

char

ge

(cm

s)

Stage (MSL), m

012345670

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

19/09/20140:00

19/09/201415:00

20/09/20146:00

20/09/201421:00

Rai

nfa

ll, m

m

Dis

char

ge,

cm

s

Date & Time

Rain Value

Dipalo Bridge Hydrometry

September 19-20, 2014

Max Q: 1,834,234 cms

Min Q: 2.15 cms

Unrealistic!

River Measurements for Rating Curves

Problem with baseflow measurements only

• In-situ river discharge measurements during high flows are dangerous and expensive

to capture.

• The opportunities to gather field measurement are rare

!Nonetheless, this is required to develop a good elevation-discharge relationship, or rating

curve.

Agusan River Basin

• Typhoon Yolanda Date:

November 10-16, 2013

• Typhoon Yolanda Total Precipitation:

73mm (Mat-I Rain Gauge)

• Agusan River Watershed Size:

10,921 km2

• Location of discharge measurement:

Dankias, Las Nieves

(8°45'1.55"N, 125°35'14.52"E)

Hydrograph of TS Yolanda

-1

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15100

300

500

700

900

1100

1300

1500

11/10 12:30 11/11 3:30 11/11 18:30 11/12 9:30 11/13 0:30 11/13 15:30 11/14 6:30 11/14 21:30 11/15 12:30 11/16 3:30 11/16 18:30

Pre

cip

itat

ion

(m

m)

Dis

char

ge

(cm

s)

Discharge (cms) Precipitation (mm)

Problem

Using only baseflow data of the Agusan River Basin,

which procedure for extending the rating curve will best

fit the actual river hydrograph?

Techniques for extending the rating curve

1. Simple hydraulic technique Bankfull discharge estimated using Manning's Equation

2. Computational hydraulic

technique

Discharge estimated at every point of the cross-section using Manning's Equation

3. HECRAS, using LiDAR Rating curve tool; a hybrid cross-section is used

Manning’s Equation

𝑄 = 𝐴𝑉 = 𝐴1

𝑛𝑅23 𝑆

12

Where:

Q = Discharge (m3/s),

A = Cross-sectional area of flow (m2),

n = Manning’s roughness coefficient,

R = Hydraulic radius (m)

S = Slope of the hydraulic grade line

Equation (2). Manning’s Equation (Manning’s n and slope are constant)

𝑄 =𝐴53

𝑃23 × 𝑘

Where:

𝑘 =1

𝑛𝑆12

Equation (3). Manning’s Equation for bankfull discharge

Q𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 𝑘𝑎𝑣𝑒𝐴𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙5/3

𝑃𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙2/3

Simple hydraulic technique

y = 107.86e0.3503x

R² = 0.0476

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 2 4 6 8

Dis

char

ge

(cm

s)

Stage (MSL), m

Computational hydraulic technique

y = 31.848e0.9539x

R² = 0.5373

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

0 2 4 6 8

Dis

char

ge

(cm

s)

Stage (MSL), m

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

agusanHECRAS Plan: Plan 01 2/17/2016

Q Total (m3/s)

W.S

. E

lev (m

)

Legend

W.S. Elev

y = 567.87e0.3314x

R² = 0.9603

HECRAS, using LiDAR

Results

R-squared

Manning's with

Bankfull

Manning's with Bankfull and Cross-section

Points HECRAS

0.888 0.851 0.890

Recommendations:

• Possible validation can be done by comparing actual flood events and the result of a

watershed-floodplain model calibrated using discharge generated rating curve