WEL-COME

CREDIT SEMINAR ONIN OVO FEEDING: A PROMISE OF PERINATAL NUTRITION IN POULTRY

PRESENTED BY URWASHI VERMA (M.V.Sc. Student) (semester- IIIrd) CREDIT: (1+0) ENROLLMENT NO: V/10/169

COURSE TEACHER

DR.M.R.WADE (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) DEPARTMENT OF POULTRY SCIENCE

Poultry nutrition moves towords higher standards

Economic sustainability, consumer confidence and food

security

INTRODUCTION

Conti….

Poultry nutrition has had a rich and fruitful history, utilizing feed ingredients and feed manufacturing technology to supply nutrients for optimum productivity

Over the past 25 years, poultry nutrition has focused on production efficiency, today, it strives to maximize the biological and economical performance

Previously, a 42 day-old broiler weighed 540 gm with a feed conversion efficiency of 2.35, today a broiler of the same age weighs 2.8 kg with an FCR under 1.70

Conti….

Growth performance and meat yield of commercial broilers and turkey has improved linearly each year with greater input efficiency during the past 4 decades

Neonatal development by in ovo feeding

The intestinal epithelium has a major role in determining the developmental potential of the hatched chicks

CONCEPT

Physiological changes occuring during the pre to post hatch period

The use of the egg nutrients by the embryo during incubation

Early strategy for feeding was developed

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

FERTILIZATION: Fertilization is the process of combining the male gamete, or “sperm”, with the female gamete or “ovum”. The product of this combination is a cell called a zygote.

UNFERTILIZED EGG: The embryonic disk of sterile egg bears an accumulation of

white materials at its center

FERTILIZED EGG: fertilized embryonic disk looks like a ring: it has a central

area, lighter color, which is to house the embryo

CONTI….

UNFERTILIZED EGG FERTILIZED EGG

INTERIOR VIEW OF INCUBATED CHICKEN EGG

PERIODS IN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

Establishment of germ

Embryo completion

Emergence

1DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY

4 DAY 5 DAY 6 DAY 7DAY

ESTABLISHMENT OF GERM (1-7 DAYS)

8 DAY 9 DAY 10 DAY

11 DAY 12 DAY 13 DAY 14 DAY

EMBRYO COMPLETION (8-14 DAYS)

15 DAY 16 DAY 17 DAY 18 DAY

19 DAY 20 DAY 21 DAY

EMERGANCE(15-21 DAYS)

INTERNAL PIPPING:-The beak breaks through amembrane into the air space at the blunt end of the egg

EXTERNAL PIPPING:-The beak breaks through the eggshell

Depletion of all nutrients during hatching process

Late access to feed/ fasting

Insufficient nutrient supply to hen

WHY…?

INSUFFICIENT NUTRIENT SUPPLY

“Most people think the first meal the chick consumes is when it hatches, but in-fact the first meal is when that embryo consumes the amniotic fluid as it hatches” “Dr Peter Ferket” ( Researcher at North Carolina State University ) Restricted feeding of parent stock

Egg production and other stress

IN OVO FEEDING

“INJECTING NUTRIENTS INTO THE AMNION DURING INCUBATION OF EGG” The timing and form of nutrients supplied post-hatch is critical for development of gastrointestinal tract

Providing feed to the developing embryo which affect the performance of hatching chicks

Many potential nutrient supplements can be included in the

in-ovo feeding solution

Carbohydrate

ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB)

Vitamins and minerals

Amino acids

Conti…

Degree of response to in ovo feeding:-

Breeder hen age

Egg size

Incubation conditions ( Source :-FERKET,2004 )

Conti……

HOW TOINJECT THE NUTRIENTS ?

Fertile egg 350C Laminar flow On18th day Ethyl alcohol

(Hatcher) Sterile Setter paraffin/ cellophane tape

DIAGRAMMATIC PRESENTATION

20 Minutes

Size of needle=21-25 gauge

Conti…

INJECTING NUTRIENT

APPLICATIONS IN IN OVO TECHNOLOGY

EMBREX has developed and marketed the INOVOJECT, an automated egg injection machine that improves poultry production efficiency

This smaller device can inject between 12,000 to 20,000

eggs per hour

(1). INOVOJECT MACHINE

Conti….

The full-size Inovoject can inject up to70,000 egg per hour and produces 600Billion eggs per year

MANUALJECT MACHINE INTELLILAB MACHINE

THE “HOLE” BACKGROUND

During in ovo injection, a small hole poked in the large end of the egg using a needle

The embryo need more oxygen than can be provided

through the tiny holes (pores) in the shell

Making the injection hole allows oxygen to flow freely into the egg and increased hatchability

RESULTS

The protective mucus layer covers the entire surface of the

gastrointestinal tract

Nutrient absorption

Feed deprivation

Providing the carbohydrate as an energy source

Source :- Smirnov et al. (2008)

EFFECT OF IN OVO FEEDING OF CARBOHYDRATE ON THE MUCIN

CONTENT IN THE CHICKEN INTESTINAL GOBLET CELLS

OBJECTIVE:- To study the importance of vitamins on the chick

weight, body weight and feed conversion ratio in

broiler chicken

METHODS:- Fertile eggs = 350 (7 groups)

No. of eggs in each group= 50

Set in forced-draft incubator

EFFECTS OF IN OVO INJECTION OF VITAMINS

GROUP NUTRIENTS NO.OF EGGS

I Vitamin A.=100 IU/egg 50

II Vitamin E= 0.5 IU/egg 50

III Vitamin C=50 mg/egg 50

IV Vitamin B1=100 µg/egg 50

V Vitamin B6=100 µg/egg 50

VI Sham control (Normal saline)

50

VII Un injected control 50

METHEDOLOGY

RESULTS

NUTRIENTS CHICK WEIGHT(g)

BODY WEIGHT(g)(28 DAYS)

FCR(15-28 DAYS)

Vitamin A 100IU/egg

44.63 476.0 2.30

Vitamin E 0.5 IU/egg

45.08 534.9 2.28

Vitamin C- 50mg/egg

44.67 486.4 2.19

Vitamin B1- 100µg/egg

44.34 553.2 2.28

Vitamin B6- 100µg/egg

44.33 465.6 2.19

Sham control 45.03 478.5 2.30

Un-injected control

44.24 428.3 2.32 Source :- S.K.BHANJA et al. (2010)

OBJECTIVE:- To study the importance of carbohydrate and

HMB on the development of Chicken Intestine

EFFECT OF IN OVO INJECTION OF CARBOHYDRATES AND HMB

IN OVO

TREATMENT

19DE HATCH 3 DAY

CHO(25g/L)

139.66±6.10

300.74±41.2

818.72±59.5

HMB(25g/L)

190.64±15.3 392.53±39.6 905.91±27.5

CHO+HMB(25g+1g)

170.70±10.4 326.61±53.6 686.90±56.5

CONTROL 136.21±12.9 249.86±29.2 555.26±49.7

VILLUSLENGTH (µm)

IN OVO TREATMENT

19DE HATCH 3 DAYS

CHO(25g/L)

46.78±3.90 73.42±2.70 178.42±32.80

HMB(25g/L)

54.73±2.90 87.58±9.50 175.69±12.60

CHO+HMB(25g+1g/L )

50.26±2.90 88.69±6.50 182.87±127.57

CONTROL 31.67±4.10 65.24±4.40 128.56±15.60

EFFECT OF IN OVO INJECTION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND HMB

VILLUS WIDTH (µm)

BODY WEIGHT

IN OVOTREATMENT

19DE HATCH DAY 3 DAY 7 DAY10

CHO(25g)

46.34±0.44

46.03±0.76

88.53±3.74

234.30±0.91

245.10±2.27

HMB(25g)

46.74±0.90

46.07±0.47

84.66±1.87

233.90±1.15

251.01±2.4

CHO+HMB(25g+1g)

46.88±0.54

46.68±0.52

86.24±2.18

234.20±2.35

254.06±4.04

CONTROL 45.92±0.88

44.59±0.48

84.01±0.83

231.10±1.49

239.70±4.11

Source :- E.Tako et al. (2009)

OBJECTIVE:- To study the importance of two levels of

amino acid on the performance of Newly

Hatched Muscovy Ducklings

METHOD:- Fertile eggs=250 (5 groups) No. of eggs in each group=50 4 groups=in ovo treatments

(Lysine and Methionine)

1group =control

EFFECT OF IN OVO INJECTION WITH TWO LEVELS OF AMINO ACIDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NEWLY HATCHED MUSCOVY DUCKLINGS

GROUP NUTRIENTS NO. OF EGGS

I CONTROL 50

II AMINO ACID (0.50 ml)

(Lysine+Metheonine)

50

III DISTILLED WATER (0.50 ml)

50

IV AMINO ACID (0.75ml)

(Lysine+Metheonine)

50

V DISTILLED WATER (0.75 ml)

50

METHODOLOGY

CRITARIAGROUPS

HATCHABILITY(%)

EMBRYONIC MORTALITY

(%)

DUCKLING WEIGHT(g/bird)

Control 74 26 45.95±0.27

Amino acids(0.50 ml)

84 16 55.05±0.40

Distilled water(0.50 ml)

72 28 47.36±0.40

Amino acids (0.75 ml)

68 18 52.84±1.02

Distilled water(0.75ml)

72 28 49.45±0.72

EFFECT OF AMINO ACID MIXTURE ON HATCHABILITY AND EMBRYONIC MORTALITY

Source :- Khalid and Selim (2011)

Improves digestive capacity ( Chen et al,2009 )

Increases growth rate and feed efficiency ( S.K. Bhanja et al., 2011)

Reduces post hatch mortality and morbidity ( Foye et al.,2008 )

Improves immune response to enteric agents (Oliveira,2008)

Reduces incidence of developmental skeletal disorders ( Uni et al., 2010)

Increases muscle development and breast muscle yield ( Uni et al., 2009 )

Development of critical tissues of the perinatal chick about 2-3 days ( Ferket et al.,2009 )

ADVANTAGES

Improves bone development ( Uni et al., 2009)

Enhances expression of nutrient transporters, SGLT-1, PEPT-1

( Tako et al., 2010 )

Advances morphometic development of the intestinal tract and mucin barrier ( Smirnov et

al., 2009 )

Conti..

It also enhance the protective function of enteric mucosa ( Oliveira., 2010)

In ovo feeding offers promise of sustaining progress in production efficiency and welfare of commercial poultry

Selection for fast growth rate and meat yield may favour the modern broiler to become a more altricial

Proper early nutrition and in ovo feeding may help these birds adopt to carbohydrate –based diet and metabolism typical of a precocial bird at hatch

In ovo feeding has established a new science of neonatal nutrition and we are gaining greater understanding of the developmental transition from embryo to viable chicks

CONCLUSION

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