Industrial ExpansionUnited States History

Mrs. O’Shea

Life in 1865

Life in 1865 – Read p. 457

No electricity

Oil expensive – no lamps for many

Very little communication

Travel slow

Mail slow

Technological Revolution

• Electricity Improvements• Oil – drilling• Railroads Improvements• Telegraph• Telephone• Steel

Invention

Inventor

Effects

1. Oil Drilling2. Light Bulb3. Electrical Transformer4. Telegraph5. Telephone6. Railroads7. Bessemer Process

Directions: Complete one chart for each of the inventions

Oil Drilling

Inventor:

Effects:

Light Bulb

Inventor:

Effects:

Electrical Transformer

Inventor:

Effects:

Telegraph

Inventor:

Effects:

Telephone

Inventor:

Effects:

Railroads

Inventor:

Effects:

Bessemer Process

Inventor:

Effects:

Big Business

Invention -> Factories and Marketing -> $$$

Inventors needed investors willing to take a gamble on a new product.

Enter …

the businessman

Social Darwinism

Charles Darwin – survival of the fittest

Social Darwinism – apply Darwin’s ideas to society

“Fit” = succeed and become rich = Employers

“Weak” = Employees

Monopoly vs. Oligopoly

Oligopoly – market dominated by a few large, profitable companiesExamples:Breakfast CerealsCars

Monopoly – market dominated by one companyExamples: AT&TMicrosoft

Robber Barons or Captains of Industry

Robber Baron • cruel and ruthless businessmen who would stop at

nothing to achieve great wealth • accused of exploiting workers and forcing horrible

working conditions and unfair labor practices upon them

Captain of Industry • ingenious leaders who transformed American

economy with their business skills • praised for their philanthropy (charity)

What do you think?

Carnegie –

Rockefeller –

Captain of

IndustryRobber Baron

Leaders in IndustryLeaders in Industry

Positives

• Charity

• Advancements in technology

• Expansion of business ($$$) in U.S.

Negatives

• Exploitation of workers

• Putting others out of business

Unions

• Became a means for expressing workers’ demands to employers

• Shorter work hours

• Higher wages

• Better working conditions

Laissez-Faire

“the functions of the state should be limited to internal police and foreign protection — no public education, no limitation of hours of labor, no welfare legislation.”

Does this go along with the ideas be hind social Darwinism?

Collective Bargaining –

Scabs –

Collective Bargaining – negotiate as a group (power in numbers)

Scabs – workers called in to replace striking workers

Employers Reactions

1. Forbidding union meetings

2. Firing union organizers

3. Yellow dog contracts – I will not participate in union activities

4. Refusing collective bargaining

5. Refusing to recognize union representatives

Review for Quiz

1. Oil Drilling2. Light Bulb3. Electrical Transformer4. Telegraph5. Telephone6. Railroads7. Bessemer Process8. Social Darwinism9. Monopoly10. Oligopoly11. Robber Barons vs.

Captain of Industry

12.Rockefeller13.Carnegie14.Unions – collective

bargaining, scabs15.Haymarket Riot16.Homestead Strike17.Pullman Strike18.Great Railroad Strike of

1877

Flashcards – definition, picture, important names, places, people