Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

New Major IndustriesNew Major Industries

RailroadsRailroads 1862 - Congress 1862 - Congress

approves the approves the Transcontinental Transcontinental RailroadRailroad Union & Central PacificUnion & Central Pacific Tracks joined in 1869Tracks joined in 1869 Cornelius VanderbiltCornelius Vanderbilt Changed commerceChanged commerce

Sears Roebuck Co.Sears Roebuck Co.

SteelSteel Grew due to railroadsGrew due to railroads

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

New Industries and New Industries and InventionsInventions

OilOil Standard Oil CompanyStandard Oil Company John D. RockefellarJohn D. Rockefellar

TelephoneTelephone Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell

Electric Light BulbElectric Light Bulb Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

AutomobileAutomobile Henry FordHenry Ford Assembly line to increase Assembly line to increase

productionproduction

John D. Rockefellar

Henry FordAnd hisModel T

Industry and ReformIndustry and Reform

Huge population Huge population growth in citiesgrowth in cities Immigrants from other Immigrants from other

countriescountries Farm kidsFarm kids

Poor Working Poor Working ConditionsConditions Long working hoursLong working hours Dangerous conditions Dangerous conditions

in factoriesin factories Labor UnionsLabor Unions

Women working in a book factory

City LifeCity Life Many people moved to Many people moved to

citiescities Factory workersFactory workers

Tenements housed many Tenements housed many workersworkers Often run down, dirty, and Often run down, dirty, and

overcrowdedovercrowded New buildings constructedNew buildings constructed

Multiple storiesMultiple stories

Cities started public water Cities started public water and transportation systemsand transportation systems Public services also included Public services also included

fire and police depts.fire and police depts.

An Italian Neighborhood in New York City

Anti-TrustsAnti-Trusts

Monopoly - the complete Monopoly - the complete control of an industry by control of an industry by one person or companyone person or company Does not allow competition Does not allow competition

between companiesbetween companies Raises cost of productsRaises cost of products

Sherman Anti-Trust Act Sherman Anti-Trust Act was passed in 1890was passed in 1890 Made monopolies illegalMade monopolies illegal

The Sherman Anti-Trust law was aimed at men like Rockefeller and Carnegie, but it also affects modern businessmen like Bill Gates.

MuckrakersMuckrakers

Group of writers who Group of writers who started investigative started investigative journalismjournalism

Exposed problems such Exposed problems such as factory conditions, as factory conditions, child labor, and business child labor, and business and political corruptionand political corruption Ida TarbellIda Tarbell

Corruption in oil industryCorruption in oil industry Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair

The JungleThe Jungle exposed exposed unsanitary conditions in unsanitary conditions in meatpacking industrymeatpacking industry

                                                       

Ida Tarbell exposed problems in the oil

industry

Upton Sinclair exposed problems in the food industry

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

Fight for the vote and Fight for the vote and equal rightsequal rights

Movement leaders Movement leaders included:included: Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton

1919thth Amendment Amendment Guarantees the right to Guarantees the right to

vote for womenvote for women Passed in 1920Passed in 1920

Environmental ConservationEnvironmental Conservation

John MuirJohn Muir America’s first America’s first

conservationistconservationist Focus on California Focus on California

(Yosemite)(Yosemite) Founder of the Sierra ClubFounder of the Sierra Club

National ParksNational Parks Established by Teddy Established by Teddy

Roosevelt after a camping Roosevelt after a camping trip with Muirtrip with Muir

11stst park: Yellowstone (WY) park: Yellowstone (WY)

Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir at Yosemite

African-American RightsAfrican-American Rights

Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) US Supreme Court legalizes segregationUS Supreme Court legalizes segregation ““separate but equal” is Constitutionalseparate but equal” is Constitutional

Citizens could be separated based on race as long as they were Citizens could be separated based on race as long as they were given equal facilitiesgiven equal facilities

Voting limitationsVoting limitations Poll taxPoll tax

Pay fee to votePay fee to vote Higher fee for African-AmericansHigher fee for African-Americans

Literacy testLiteracy test Pass reading test to votePass reading test to vote

Grandfather clauseGrandfather clause If your grandfather could not vote, you could not voteIf your grandfather could not vote, you could not vote

African-American RightsAfrican-American Rights

Wilmington, 1898Wilmington, 1898 Violence between whiteViolence between white and African-American citizensand African-American citizens Started after a series of newspaper articlesStarted after a series of newspaper articles Ended Republican rule in NCEnded Republican rule in NC Begins segregation in NCBegins segregation in NC

Jim Crow lawsJim Crow lawsEstablish segregationEstablish segregation

Division based on raceDivision based on race

School, public places School, public places (water fountains, (water fountains, transportation, ect.)transportation, ect.)

Burned newspaper office following violence in Wilmington, 1898

New Industry in North New Industry in North CarolinaCarolina

Mills and Towns builtMills and Towns built ““Growing Up in a Cotton Growing Up in a Cotton

Mill”Mill”

TextilesTextiles By 1900, NC was 2nd By 1900, NC was 2nd

largest producer of cotton largest producer of cotton textilestextiles

TobaccoTobacco American Tobacco American Tobacco

CompanyCompany James B. DukeJames B. Duke

FurnitureFurniture High Point Furniture High Point Furniture

Manufacturing CompanyManufacturing Company

North Carolina ReformersNorth Carolina Reformers

Thomas DayThomas Day CabinetmakerCabinetmaker

Harriet Morehead Harriet Morehead BerryBerry ““Good Roads State”Good Roads State” suffragistsuffragist

Dorothea DixDorothea Dix Educational reformEducational reform Mentally ill - hospitalMentally ill - hospital

Dorothea Dix

Harriet Morehead Berry

Chapel Hill Road, circa 1900

NC Farm ChangesNC Farm Changes

Nat’l Farmers AllianceNat’l Farmers Alliance Many people did not own Many people did not own

landland SharecroppingSharecropping Tenent FarmingTenent Farming

New machineryNew machinery Overproduction reduces Overproduction reduces

pricesprices

Populist or “People’s” Populist or “People’s” partyparty

NC Educational NC Educational ImprovementsImprovements

4-month school term4-month school term Students age 6-21Students age 6-21 New fundingNew funding

Local taxesLocal taxes Fund from Mass.Fund from Mass. General AssemblyGeneral Assembly

High schools startedHigh schools started New school districtsNew school districts

Help not given to schools Help not given to schools for African-Americansfor African-Americans Schools fell behind or Schools fell behind or

closedclosed

Identify:Identify:1.1. Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

2.2. John D RockefellerJohn D Rockefeller

3.3. Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell

4.4. Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

5.5. Henry FordHenry Ford

6.6. Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair

7.7. Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

8.8. John MuirJohn Muir

9.9. James B. DukeJames B. Duke

10.10. Harriet Morehead BerryHarriet Morehead Berry

Explain:Explain:1.1. What problems existed related to the growth of industry?What problems existed related to the growth of industry?

2.2. What poor working conditions did textile mill workers face?What poor working conditions did textile mill workers face?

3.3. What was the impact of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?What was the impact of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

4.4. What does the 19What does the 19thth Amendment guarantee? Amendment guarantee?

5.5. What did the Plessy case legalize? What does “separate but equal” mean?What did the Plessy case legalize? What does “separate but equal” mean?

6.6. List the 3 major industries that grew in NC.List the 3 major industries that grew in NC.

Define:Define:1.1. MuckrakerMuckraker

2.2. MonopolyMonopoly

3.3. TenementTenement

4.4. Grandfather ClauseGrandfather Clause