Industrial Statistics in Industrial Statistics in India: India: An OverviewAn Overview

Dr. Bivas Chaudhuri, Director, CSO, IndiaSourav Chakrabarty, Director, NSSO, India

OverviewOverview

Organized Manufacturing Sector

Unorganized Manufacturing Sector

Economic Census

Business Register

Annual Survey of Services Sector

Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)

Survey of Registered Manufacturing Units Continuing Since 1960

Coverage:

Sections 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948.

Bidi and Cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act 1966.

OTHER THAN Government Units

Data are collected under The Collection of Statistics Act, 1953/2008

Around 2,60,000 units in the Frame

ASIASI"Manufacturing Process“ has been defined [vide section 2(k)] in the Factories Act, 1948 as: "Any process for-

(i) making, altering, ornamenting, finishing, packing, oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing or otherwise treating or adapting any article or substance with a view to its use , sale , transport , delivery or disposal; or,

(ii) pumping oil, water or sewage ; or,(iii) generating, transforming or transmitting power;

or, (iv) composing types for printing by letter press,

lithography, photogravure or other similar process or book binding; or,

(v) constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing or breaking up ships or vessels.

(vi) preserving or storing any article in cold storage"

Cont…Cont…

Geographical Coverage: The ASI extends to the entire country.

Reference Period: The reference period (year) for ASI is the financial year (April-March) for all items. ◦ Reference period for ASI 2011-2012 is the financial

year April 2011 – March 2012.Survey Period: The actual survey period for

ASI is generally September to April every year. Industrial Classification: NIC 2008

developed on the basis of UN ISIC Rev. 4 is being adopted from ASI 2008-09 onwards.

Product Classification: NPCMS, 2011 developed based on Sections 0 to 4 of CPC, Ver. 2.0 has been used from ASI 2010-2011 onwards.

• At present, the Standing Committee on Industrial Statistics (SCIS) is the advisory committee for conducting the Annual Survey of Industries, headed by a renowned academics .

• Follows major guidelines of IRIS, 2008

• Follows ISIC and CPC in classification

ASI

IRIS-2008 and its ImplementationIRIS-2008 and its Implementation

Sr.

no

IRIS-2008 Action Taken

1 ISIC Rev 4 (R. 4c) NIC 2008

2 CPC Ver. 2 (R. 4c) NPCMS 2011

3 Scope of Industrial Statistics (R. 5)

As per ISIC, Rev. 4 Sect. B: Mining & quarryingSect. C: ManufacturingSect. D: Elect., gas etc.Sect. E: Water supply etc.

4 Short-term business statistics in the form of indices (R.10)

IIP with base 2004-05 [base year under revision]

5 Unregistered units (R. 11) NSS enterprise survey

Sampling Design in ASISampling Design in ASI List Frame: Chief Inspector of Factories

Sampling Design : Stratified Circular Systematic

Strata : Census and Sample

Census Sector: a) All industrial units belonging to the six less

industrially developed states/ UT’s., b) Units having 100 or more workers, and c) After excluding the Census Sector units as defined

above, d) All units belonging to the strata (State by 4-digit of NIC-

2008) having less than or equal to 4 units are also considered as Census Sector units.

Cont…Cont…

Sample Sector: Remaining units are arranged in order of their number of workers and samples are then drawn circular systematically considering sampling fraction of 18% within each stratum (State X Sector X 4-digit NIC) for all the states with a view to cover max. 60,000 units per year.

Residual Frame: After selecting the central sample in the way mentioned above, the remaining units in the sample sector are treated as residual frame for selection of sample units for the States/UTs.

Cont…ASI 2011-12

Estimation of Sampling Error in ASIEstimation of Sampling Error in ASI

For the sample sector units only.For all-India, the estimated variances

of the estimates will be as follows: 

For ratio : at all-India, where

i

iYraVYraV )ˆ(ˆ)ˆ(ˆ

)ˆ(ˆˆ)ˆ,ˆ(ˆˆ2)ˆ(ˆ)ˆ(

1)ˆ(ˆ 2

2XVRYXvCoRYV

XRESM

X

YR

ˆ

ˆˆ

,X

,

= estimate of population total X, Y for the characteristics x, yY

Estimates of RSEEstimates of RSE

100

ˆ

ˆˆˆˆ

Y

YraVYESR

100

ˆ

ˆˆˆˆ

R

RESMRESR

Control of Non-Sampling ErrorControl of Non-Sampling Error

Record based survey

Experienced field investigators

Training to the field investigators

Close monitoring of field work

Data validation and scrutinization

ASI Schedule ASI Schedule StructureStructure

◦ Part I Structured in 14 blocks

◦ Part II Structured in 2 blocks

ASI Schedule Structure (Part ASI Schedule Structure (Part I)I)

• BLOCK A&B : Identification particulars• BLOCK C : Fixed Asset• BLOCK D : Working Capital• BLOCK E : Employment• BLOCK F : Other Expenses• Block G : Other Output/Receipts• BLOCK H : Indigenous Input• BLOCK I : Imported Input• Block J: Products & By-products• Block K: ICT indicators• Block L: Energy conservation measures• Block M&N: Particulars of field operation &

Comments of Scrutinizing Officer.

New Initiatives & Future Plan New Initiatives & Future Plan

Modern system of Collection of ASI Data e-schedule

◦ ASI 2008-09 on pilot basis◦ ASI 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 complete e-schedule

ASI Web-portal (www.csoisw.gov.in)◦ ASI 2012-13 (first time)

Frame updation Data Collection Data Processing Data Dissemination

Pooling of Central and State level ASI data District (sub-state) level estimates

Selected ASI Results.docx

Estimate of structural ratios and technical co.docx

IssuesIssues Concordance in classification

Suggestions In Division 11, Manufacturing of low alcoholic drinks (below 8%) like

Breezer may be separated out from 11011. In Division 13, sub-classification of Khadi industries is required at 5-digit

level under 1312, 1313, 1391-99 in NIC 2008. In Division 20, Manufacturing of Caustic Soda, Caustic Potash, main

input items of all soap and detergent industries needs a separate sub-class classification.

In Division 26, Manufacture of Surveillance equipment should be included in a sub-class under class 2630.

Under Division 27, a new upcoming industry with big domestic market Manufacture of Kitchen Chimney may be included in class 2750.

Under Division 31: Manufacture of Furniture, another activity Manufacture of decorative and ornamental articles ( non-precious) may be included.

Non-availability of separate classification of a major polluting activity like Manufacture of chlor-alkali ( caustic soda, caustic potash).

Issues for Issues for UNSD UNSD

Non availability of proper classificatory environmental indicators related activity and product. An indicator can be prefixed with the existing ISIC code.

Problem on concordance at ultimate digit to prepare time-series data. Defining ‘P’ is a problem.

Mixed ActivityExamples of industries red,orange,green category.docxIssue of Concordance.docxEstimate of RSE for few basic parameters at 2.docx

CSO (IS Wing) PublicationsCSO (IS Wing) Publications

Annual Survey of Industries- Vol. - I (in e-media from 2009-10)

Annual Survey of Industries – Vol. – II (In CD)

National Product Classification for Manufacturing Sector (NPCMS) – 2011

National Industrial Classification – 2008

The Journal of Industrial Statistics (bi-annual in March and September since 2012)

The Time Series data of ASI over last 25 years or more.

Data DisseminationData Dissemination ASI Data are disseminated both in printed and electronic forms

according to the National Data Dissemination Policy of the Govt. of India.

The printed publications are available at Sales Counters of Controller of Publication, New Delhi.

ASI data, published tables and customised special tables are now available in electronic media on request on chargeable basis.

The unit level data and customised tables are available at O/o the Deputy Director General, Computer Centre, Ministry of Statistics. & P. I. , East Block-10, R. K. Puram, New Delhi - 110066 .

Enquiries relating to procurement of data can be made at :  Email : asi.unitdata@gmail.com Telephone :+91-11-26104194 ( Mr. D. R. Dagar, Deputy Director).

ISIC-Rev 3 Description

Value Added at Producers' prices(in billion USD)

Wages and salaries(in billion USD)

No. of employees(in Thousand No.)

No. of enterprises(in Number).

GFCF(in billion USD)

271Basic Iron and Steel 122.26 12.42 3044 7161 171.63

242 Other Chemicals 73.75 10.58 3037 17954 65.10

241 Basic Chemicals 60.09 6.76 2212 11042 105.98

272

Basic Precious and Non-Ferrous Metal 58.72 5.30 1487 6117 56.96

269

Non-metallic Mineral Products n.e.c 55.75 8.83 3774 21258 69.09

Top Five Industries in China based on GVA for the year 2007-08

Sources: UNIDO, 2011

ISIC-Rev 3 Description

Value Added at

Producers' prices

(in billion USD)

Wages and

salaries(in

billion USD)

No. of employee

s(in

Thousand No.)

No. of enterprises(in Number)

GFCF(in billion USD)

271Basic Iron and Steel 20.53 2.51 562.8 4098 7.44

232

Refined Petroleum Products 17.34 0.48 76.1 524 1.66

242Other Chemicals 10.57 1.99 665.4 8209 3.12

269

Non-metallic Mineral Products n.e.c 8.68 1.05 613 15234 3.28

241 Basic Chemicals 7.65 1.02 207.6 2921 2.19

Top Five Industries in India based on GVA for the year 2007-2008

Sources: UNIDO, 2011

Value added per employee (in USD) in China and India for the year 2007-2008

Sources: UNIDO, 2011

Wage and Salary per employee (in USD) in China and India for the year 2007-2008

Sources: UNIDO, 2011

Value added per enterprise (in USD) in China and India for the year 2007-2008

Sources: UNIDO, 2011

6th EC [ 2013] is in the field

Data are expected by 2013 end.

Economic Census.docx

Economic Census

Business RegisterBusiness Register

The initiatives have already been taken.

State DES are involved in preparation of business register.

On pilot basis States are updating the 5th EC Directory of Establishments for the preparation of Business Register.

On completion of 6th EC, State DES would update the Business Register at District level.

Annual Survey of Services Annual Survey of Services SectorSector

Service SectorService SectorNon agricultural and non-manufacturing

◦ It includes construction, wholesale or retail trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing, communication, financing, insurance, real estate and business services, community, social and personal services, schools, hospitals, recreation and cultural services, community services such as temples, etc.

Government units are excluded.All over India Pilot survey was conducted during 2012-13

◦ 5th EC data used as frame

◦ Full Survey is proposed after 6th EC Frame

Unorganised Enterprise Unorganised Enterprise Surveys Surveys

Objective..Objective..

To get estimates of various economic and operational characteristics of unorganised enterprises in different sectors viz manufacturing, trade, services

Mainly two types of enterprises were considered- own account enterprises and establishments

Genesis..Genesis..

Economic Censuses (EC)- the frame for the follow-up surveys on non-agricultural enterprises including the non-household based units in the service sector

Enterprise SurveyEnterprise Survey

The latest NSS enterprise survey was conducted during its 67th round of operation (2010-11)

The enterprises covered in NSS 67th round were divided into three broad industry groups, viz. (i) manufacturing, (ii) trade and (iii) other service sector enterprises

This is the first time when NSS conducts integrated enterprise survey

Sampling Design..Sampling Design..

Generally stratified multi-stage design had been used by NSS for enterprise surveys

The first stage units (FSU) were the census

villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) were enterprises in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling was the selection of three hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each large rural/ urban FSU

Frame..Frame..

Census 2001 villages- Area Frame

EC-2005 list of enterprises – List Frame

Urban Frame Survey Blocks- Area Frame

Survey Period, Stratification, Survey Period, Stratification, Allocation..Allocation..

The survey period ( round) was of 1 year

The survey period was divided in to 4 equally spaced sub-rounds

A sample of 16,000 FSUs for central sample and 18,248 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level stratum

Out of 16000 FSUs for central survey, 15898 FSUs were actually surveyed

Some facts..Some facts.. Schedule designed based on SNA concepts NIC 2008 based on ISIC Rev. 4.0 was used While calculating the value addition, ‘taxes on production’

was not used considered as an ‘input’ (operating expenses) , although the same was collected

Similarly while calculating the value addition, ‘production subsidy/interest subsidy ’ was not used considered as an ‘output’ (receipts) , although the same was collected

Information on NPISH was collected Information on type of agreement of the enterprise with

other units were collected Compensation of workers were collected to arrive at total

emoluments Use of ICT by enterprises Valuation were made by using both production approach

and factor income approach

Survey Errors..Survey Errors..

Non sampling errors are controlled by:

Exhaustive training to the enumerators Exhaustive training to the data processing officials Pre data entry scrutiny Scrutiny at the data entry stage Outlier diagnostics

Sampling errors are computed and reported through ‘relative standard error’ on some important characteristics of the enterprise