IndustrialismI will analyze the causes of the rise of the industrialism in the late 19th Century.

Essential Question: What caused the rise of industrialism in the United States?

Bell Work• Grab a book!• Define Industrialism• Define Industrialism-• a social system in which industry and factories are the basis of

a country's economy• Define Industrialization-

Gilded Age-origin• Gilded Age -Period when

corruption existed in society but was overshadowed by the wealth of the period (“gilded” is when something is golden/beautiful on the surface but is really cheap/worthless underneath)

• The United States was prospering under industrialism.

• Abuses in business and government caused problems for immigrants, laborers, and farmers

• Term comes from a book written about the time period by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in 1873 The Gilded Age

View Intro to America’s Industrial Revolution

What is the Industrial Revolution about?

• Production• Transportation• Immigration• Rise of Cities• Decline in population from rural areas• Corruption• Union Activism• Racism/Nativism• Reform- (Progressives- Fix the problems of industrial society)

= The Transformation of the US national Economy

When does the Industrial Revolution take place?• Various periods of American History• 1st Industrial Revolution 1800-1860 begins in early 1800’s with

textile manufacturing and iron production• 2nd Industrial Revolution really takes off in the latter part of

1800’s, ca 1870-1915

Chapter Thesis Analysis• Read the bottom paragraph on page 230.• This is the author’s thesis.• In you notes add what the author thinks caused the Industrial

Revolution following the Civil War.

Sources of Industrial Boom• A wealth of natural resources• government support for business• a growing urban population that provided

• cheap labor • markets for new products.

Create Cornell Notes based on pages 231-233• Read the section, Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization, and

create notes on the importance of the following:• Oil• Iron• Bessemer Steel Process

Black Gold• Oil!

• Originally refined to create Kerosene • Means of creating light during the night.

• Oil Drilled for using steam engine• Made gathering oil beneath the earth’s surface practical

• Gasoline was a byproduct of the refining process of making Kerosene

• Later became the most valuable part of crude oil.

Sources of Industrial Growth

1. Raw materials2. Large Labor Supply3. Technological Innovation4. Entrepreneurs5. Federal Gov = eager to support business6. Domestic Markets for goods7. Business Organization

Iron and Steel• 1870-1880s Iron Production soared• Then Steel= 40,000 miles of track

• Aided by the Bessemer Process• Blowing air and secret ingredients through molten iron to burn

out impurities • Blast Furnace

• Furnace made of Iron and stone that increased production• New Furnaces 500 tons per week

The Steel Industry’s Impact on America

• Bessemer Process- developed around 1850 injected air into molten iron to remove impurities and make steel-a lighter, more flexible, rust resistant metal

• Steel is used in railroads, farm equipment, canned goods

• Engineers use steel to create skyscrapers and longer bridges (Brooklyn Bridge)

View Steel Industry Video

• Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, • Steel towns- Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Birmigham• Michigan, Minnesota, Birmingham AL (Iron Ore)

Video• http://

www.history.com/topics/john-d-rockefeller/videos/rockefellers-standard-oil

Check for Understanding• Explain the importance of oil and steel. Justify how they

changed America.

Create Cornell Notes based on pages 231-233• Read the section, Inventions Promote Change, and create

notes on the importance of the following:• Thomas Edison and Electricity• Christopher Sholes and the typewriter• Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone.

Inventors/Inventions • Thomas Edison

• Perfected the light bulb in 1880, and motion picture

• Organized power plants• Established first research lab

• Alexander Graham Bell• Telephone (1876)

• Henry Ford• Assembly Line

• George Eastman• Camera (1885)

• Samuel Morse• Telegraph (1837)

• Wright Brothers• Airplane (1903)

• Christopher Sholes• Typewriter (1867)

• Guglielmo Marconi• Radio

Samuel Morse

Alexander Graham Bell

19th Century Camera

19th Century Typewriter

Wright Brothers on 1903 Flight

Marconi

Video

• http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison/videos

• http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/alexander-graham-bell

Check for Understanding• Explain how new inventions caused the rise of industry. Justify

your response

DOL• In a 7 sentence constructed response, Justify what caused the

rise of Industrialism in the United States in the late 19th Century.

TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD

Reading and Creating Cornell Notes• Title Notes- Transcontinental Railroad• Essential Question: How was the transcontinental railroad

built and how did it change America?• Notes- Read the reading you were given and page 337 to

create notes.k

The First Transcontinental Railroad

Why Build a Transcontinental Railroad?

• Growth of West Coast• West Coast gold and silver• Shorter trip to move West• Connect East with West for business• Solidify the Union• Achieve Manifest Destiny

Getting Started…• Choosing a route

• Congress ordered surveys in 1853• Debates between north and south about

route• No free-state politicians would approve funds

for a railroad that would spread slavery• Northerners won when South seceded

• Conquering the Sierra Nevada• Giant, rocky, snowy obstacle for the

engineers• Found a route through Donner Pass in 1860

Getting Started…(cont’d)

• Gaining government support• Needed government cooperation, money,

and LAND• Government was on board, but occupied by

Civil War

• Who will pay?• Big Four (Stanford, Huntington, Hopkins,

Crocker)• Created and chaired Central Pacific Railroad

• Thomas Durant • Ames Brothers

Bought most of the Union Pacific stock

The Transcontinental Railroad

The “Big Four” were Collis P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins, Leland Stanford and Charles Crocker.

Slide #7

The Transcontinental Railroad

Collis P. Huntington moved to California during the gold rush. The Sacramento hardware store he and Mark Hopkins owned made money selling goods to miners at inflated prices.

Slide #8

The Transcontinental Railroad

Leland Stanford also made a fortune selling supplies to California gold miners. In 1861, he became governor of California and later became president of the Central Pacific Railroad.

Slide #9

The Transcontinental Railroad

Charles Crocker also went to California in search of gold. Like the other “Big Four”, he too struck it rich after opening a store in Sacramento.

Slide #10

The Transcontinental Railroad

.

Stanford Huntington Hopkins Crocker

Slide #11

The Central Pacific Railroad made these four investors some of the wealthiest men in America.

Who Made it Possible?Key Players

◦ Theodore Judah◦ Grenville Dodge

◦ Both understood the great benefits of a transcontinental railroad

◦ Both devoted their lives to making sure the plan was carried out

Railroad experts who conducted land surveys, worked with the government, and found investors for railroad

Grenville Dodge

What Made it Possible?• Pacific Railway Act

• Passed July 1, 1862• Created Union Pacific to build road from the

East and meet the Central Pacific• Provided companies 5 alternating plots of

land on each side of the road for each mile along the route

• Allowed $16,000 for each mile of flat land, $32,000 for hills, and $48,000 for mountain terrain

• Revised in 1864 to allow companies more land and privileges

The Game PlanCentral Pacific Railroad

◦ Begin in Sacramento, CA◦ Broke ground January 1863

Union Pacific Railroad◦ Begin in Omaha, NE◦ Broke ground in late 1863 but no tracks laid until

1865Route along the 42nd ParallelMeeting place: Promontory Summit, UT

The Transcontinental Railroad

Locate Promontory Point on the map below.

Slide #17

Significance of the Railroad

Biggest and best engineering project of its timeMade the country smallerHelped spur interest in Homestead ActImproved communicationThe beginning of the end for Native AmericansLed to other transcontinental railroads and

shorter branches

Impact of Railroads on America during the Gilded Age

• Benefits• Stimulated growth of other industries

(steel, iron, coal, lumber, glass)• Helped cities grow• Helped increase westward expansion of

America• Standard time zones were created to get

everyone on correct time• Corruption

• Charged much higher rates to western farmers

• Credit Mobilier Scandal 1868• Union Pacific • Fake construction company• Bribed members of Congress• Represented corruption of period

View Corruption in Railroads

Rail Roads: B and O, Pennsylvania, Reading, Short Line, Southern Pacific, Central Pacific

• Railroad Industry spurs development

• Iron for Engines, and rails, later steel

• Farms, lumber, Buffalo Hunters

• Employment- Chinese in West, and Irish in East

• Aids transportation, access to raw materials and markets, spurs construction

• Land is granted to RR companies in exchange for building the RR- esp Transcontinental RR

• Later RR will own tremendous amount of land and sell it to people moving WEST

• By 1880s there are 150,000 miles of Rail creating an national economy.

Rail Roads continued• Standard Time (4 zones)

• Growth of Track• 1860- 52,000 miles• 1870- 93,000 miles• 1890- 163,000 miles• 1900- 193,000 miles

• Chicago is a major rail hub-

• Government paid subsidies, $ to RR in order to complete and aid in Western railroad development

• The Big 4 Famous RR executives Stanford, Huntington, Vanderbilt, Crocker

Railroads Continued• Farmers will be angry with RR for price fixing and

monopoly• Grangers- or farmer groups push state regulations on

railroads- these laws are negated by the Interstate Commerce Act 1887, removing any jurisdiction over railroads by states, only the Federal Government can regulate trade between states.

• http://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/videos/light-bulb-turns-night-into-day

• http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison/videos

• http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/alexander-graham-bell