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INDUSTRIALIZATI ON AND NATIONALISM CHAPTER 10

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM CHAPTER 10. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN IN ENGLAND AROUND 1750, THE REST OF THE MODERN WORLD REACHED INDUSTRIALIZATION

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INDUSTRIALIZATION AND

NATIONALISMCHAPTER 10

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN IN ENGLAND AROUND 1750, THE REST OF THE MODERN WORLD REACHED INDUSTRIALIZATION BY 1850

REASONS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: INCREASED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, GROWTH IN POPULATION, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, NEW MARKETS, CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

JAMES HARGRAVES-SPINNING JENNY EDMUND CARTWRIGHT-WATER POWERED LOOM

JAMES WATT-STEAM POWERED ENGINES HENRY CORT-PUDDLING(PROCESS OF PURIFYING IRON BY OXIDATION)

RICHARD TREVITHICK-STEAM LOCOMOTIVE(THE ROCKET)

ROBERT FULTON-STEAMBOAT(CLERMONT)

INVENTORS

MERCANTILISM NATIONS TRYING TO PROTECT THEIR

INDUSTRIAL SECRETS PASSED A VARIETY OF PROTECTIVE LAWS

PROHIBITED THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION, LIMITED THE MOVEMENT OF SKILLED WORKERS

SAMUEL SLATER-FOUNDER OF AMERICAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

INDUSTRIALIZATION

CLASS BASED ON ECONOMICS-STARTING TO DEMAND POWER TO MATCH ECONOMICS

GROWTH OF CITIES-MODERNIZE, SLUMS-NEW TYPE OF POVERTY,

LABOR-WOMEN, CHILDREN, POOR WORKING CONDITIONS, LOW PAY

SOCIALIST IDEALS: KARL MARX-COMMUNIST MANIFESTO(1848), ROBERT OWEN-COOPERATIVE COMMUNITIES(SCOTLAND, NEW HARMONY, INDIANA) BASED ON MORE’S BOOK UTOPIA, ADAM SMITH(WEALTH OF NATIONS) LAISSEZ-FAIRE

SOCIAL CHANGES

IT HAS BEEN SAID “IF FRANCE SNEEZES EUROPE WILL CATCH A COLD”

THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1800’S CHANGED THE POLITICAL SCENE OF EUROPE

THESE REVOLUTIONS WERE BASED ON: LIBERALISM-A DEMAND FOR THE RIGHTS OF THE

PEOPLE, MORE RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENTS NATIONALISM-PEOPLE DEMANDING TO BE

GOVERNED ON THEIR OWN, TRYING TO PUSH FOREIGN INFLUENCES OUT

REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1800’S

REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1830’S

COUNTRY FRANCE BELGIUM POLAND ITALY

GROUP THE FRENCH PEOPLE

THE BELGUIM PEOPLE

THE POLISH PEOPLE

THE ITALIAN PEOPLE

REASON LIBERALISMREACTIONARY KING

NATIONALISM AGAINST THE DUTCH

NATIONALISM AGAINST RUSSIA

NATIONALISM AGAINST AUSTRIA

OUTCOME NEW MONARCH-LOUIS-PHILIPPE

INDEPENDENT STATE

FAILED REVOLUTION

FAILED REVOLUTION

COUNTRY FRANCE GERMAN STATES

AUSTRIA

GROUPS WORKING CLASS

FRANKFORT ASSEMBLY

NON-GERMANIC PEOPLE

REASON LIBERALISM: JOBS, VOTING RIGHTS, NEW CONSTITUTION

LIBERALISM: INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, VOTING RIGHTS

NATIONALISM: SELF RULE

OUTCOME SECOND REPUBLIC LOUIS NAPOLEON ELECTED PRESIDENT

FREDRICK WILLIAM REFUSED TO BE THE ELECTED KING OF THE CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE

HUNGARY ALLOWED ITS OWN LEGISLATURE, OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS DEFEATED

REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1840’S

THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1840’S CHANGED THE POLITICS OF EUROPE: OLD ALLIANCES WERE BROKEN AND NEW ONES FORMED

THE CRIMEAN WAR(1853) STARTED AS A CONFLICT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE OTTOMAN TURKS, BUT OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS JOINED THE CONFLICT TO PROTECT THEIR INTEREST

HEAVY LOSSES ON BOTH SIDES LEAD TO AN END TO THE WAR, THE TREATY OF PARIS IN 1856

RESULTS: RUSSIA AND AUSTRIA WERE NO LONGER ALLIES, RUSSIA WITHDREW FROM EUROPEAN POLITICS, AUSTRIA WAS NOW WEAK

NATIONALISM, UNIFICATION, REFORM

NOW WITH AUSTRIA WEAKENED ITALY WAS READY TO MOVE AGAINST THEM AND CREATE A UNIFIED COUNTRY

THE PIEDMONT KINGDOM FORMED AN ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE, THEN PROVOKED A WAR WITH AUSTRIA, WHICH THEY WON

WITH THIS VICTORY SMALL ITALIAN STATES PROPOSED ANNEXATION FROM THE PIEDMONT FOR PROTECTION

IN THE SOUTH GARIBALDI FORMED AN ARMY AND CONQUERED THE SOUTHERN KINGDOMS, THEN FORMED AN ALLIANCE WITH KING VICTOR EMMANUEL II, GIVING HIM THE SOUTHERN KINGDOMS

ITALIAN UNIFICATION

PRUSSIAN-AUSTRIAN WAR ALLOWED PIEDMONT TO SEIZE VENETIA FROM AUSTRIA (1866)

FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR ALLOWED HIM TO SEIZE ROME FROM FRANCE (1870)

VICTOR MOVED THE CAPITAL TO ROME ITALY WAS OFFICIALLY UNIFIED ON

SEPTEMBER 20, 1870

ITALIAN UNIFICATION

IN 1848 THE FRANKFORT ASSEMBLY VOTED TO MAKE FREDRICK WILLIAM IV KING; HE REFUSED TO BE KING BASED ON POPULAR VOTE

IN THE 1860’S WILLIAM I MOVED TO PRUSSIA A STRONG MILITARISTIC NATION, THE LEGISLATURE REFUSED TO SUPPORT THIS MOVE

WILLIAM APPOINTED COUNT OTTO VON BISMARCK AS CHANCELLOR

BISMARCK BELIEVED IN REALPOLITIK, REFERRED TO AS THE “IRON CHANCELLOR”, GOVERNED WITH WHAT WERE CALLED POLICIES OF “BLOOD AND IRON”

GERMAN UNIFICATION

BISMARCKS GOALS WERE TO MAKE PRUSSIA THE MOST POWERFUL ECONOMIC NATION IN EUROPE THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOST POWERFUL MILITARY ON THE CONTINENT

HE IGNORED PARLIAMENT, IMPRISONED/KILLED OPPOSITION, ENGAGED IN SUCCESSFUL WARS AGAINST AUSTRIA, DENMARK AND FRANCE

THROUGH HIS POLICIES AND THESE EVENTS; ON JANUARY 18, 1871 GERMANY ANNEXES THE CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE, GERMANY IS UNIFIED AS A NATION

WILLIAM I IS PROCLAIMED KAISER(EMPEROR) OF THE SECOND REICH(EMPIRE) OF GERMANY

GERMAN UNIFICATION

THE NAPOLEONIC WARS OPENED THE DOOR FOR REVOLUTION IN THE AMERICAS

AS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WERE DISTRACTED BY NAPOLEONS ARMIES, LATIN AMERICA TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE SMALL EUROPEAN FORCES LEFT BEHIND TO MAINTAIN THE COLONIES

THE CREOLES LOOKING AT THE EXAMPLE OF THE U.S., AND THE IDEALS OF ENLIGHTENED THINKERS WERE MOTIVATED TO ACT

REVOLUTION IN LATIN AMERICA

HAITI-1804, TOUSSAINT-LOUVERTURE STARTED A SUCCESSFUL SLAVE REBELLION ON THE ISLAND OF HISPANIOLA AGAINST FRENCH OFFICIALS, JEAN-JACQUES DESSALINES FINISHED THE CONFLICT AND DECLARED HIMSELF EMPEROR OF HAITI

MEXICO-1810, FATHER MIGUEL HIDALGO STARTED THE REVOLUTION AGAINST SPAIN, THE CONFLICT ENDED IN 1821, AGUSTINE DE ITURBIDE FINISHED THE WAR, THEN DECLARED HIMSELF EMPEROR OF MEXICO

REVOLUTION IN LATIN AMERICA

LOVUERTURE

DESSALINES

SOUTH AMERICA-1810, LED BY SIMON BOLIVAR(GEORGE WASHINGTON OF SOUTH AMERICA) JOSE SAN DE MARTIN

BOLIVAR WANTED TO CREATE THE UNITED SOUTH AMERICAN STATES, BUT LOCAL LANDOWNERS FEARED LOSING POWER

BOLIVAR AND MARTIN LED SEPARATE CONFLICTS LIBERATING INDIVIUAL AREAS THEN IN 1824 THEY UNITED FORCES TO COMPLETE THE DEFEAT OF SPAIN

TO ENSURE NON-INTERFERENCE IN THE AMERICAS BY EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, U.S. PRESIDENT JAMES MONORE ISSUED THE MONROE DOCTRINE

REVOLUTION IN LATIN AMERICA

ROMANTICISM-WAS AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT THAT STRESSED FEELINGS, EMOTIONS, AND IMAGINATION

ARTISTIC WORKS FEATURED 2 THEMES: 1 ART SHOULD REFLECT INNER FEELINGS; 2 ART SHOULD REFLECT WARMTH AND EMOTIONS

CULTURAL CHANGES

BEETHOVEN EMBODIED THE MUSIC OF THE TIME

LITERATURE: SIR WALTER SCOTT-IVANHOE MARY SHELLY-FRANKENSTEIN EDGAR ALLEN POE-THE RAVEN;

HORROR AND SUSPENSE

CULTURAL CHANGES

CULTURAL CHANGES ART

JOHAN DAHL

CULTURAL CHANGES ART

JOHN RUSKIN

CULTURAL CHANGES ART

JOHN MARTIN

PHILOSOPHY: SECULARISM-MOVE FROM RELIGIOUS THOUGHT, EMPHASIS ON THE WORLD AND HUMAN PERSPECTIVES

CHARLES DARWIN-ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION(1859); THE DESCENT OF MAN(1871)

CULTURAL CHANGES

AFTER THE 1850’S CULTURE WAS INFLUENCED BY REALISM

REALISM WAS AN EFFORT TO DESCRIBE LIFE AS IT EXISTED

GUSTAVE COURBET WAS CONSIDERED THE LEADER OF REALISM ARTWORK

CULTURAL CHANGES

THE WOUNDED MAN

GUSTAVE FLAUBERT-MADAME BOVERY

CHARLES DICKENS-OLIVER TWIST, DAVID COPPERFIELD, A CHRITMAS CAROL

MARK TWAIN-HUCK FINN, TOM SAWYER

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE-UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

CULTURAL CHANGES IN LITERATURE