INF 5890 IT og Ledelse Enterprise Architecture · CRM system Legacy system External ERP INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad. SOA is not an easy technology ... • 2006: Dialogue with 90% of customers

INF 5890 IT og Ledelse Enterprise Architecture:

Service Oriented Architecture

Bendik BygstadIFI 27 Feb 2013

What is architecture?

INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad

Top‐down view• “the fundamental organization of a

system, • embodied in its components, their

relationships to each other and the environment,

• and the principles governing its design and evolution”

ISO/IEC 42010, 2007

Bottom‐up view• How does new functionality

emerge from existing elements?

Alexander: A Pattern Language

The Ideal City, 15th century

Greek island Symi


Three levels of IT architecture

– Enterprise Architecture (EA)– Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) – System/Application architecture

Service Oriented Architecture: Definition

• SOA is a framework for designing flexible and loosely‐integratedservices, in distributedenvironments

• A service is an autonomous unit offunctionality

• Web services are oftenused as building blocks


Figure:http://abdennour‐insat.blogspot.no/2012/04/soa‐tutorial.html

Service Oriented Architecture: Benefits

– Flexibility: the ability to include both new and old systems into a distributed but seamless whole

– Reuse: sharing components over the whole organization and even outside it

– Efficiency: the ability to run the operation 24/7 at acceptable costs

Rosen, M., et al. 2008INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad

Implementation of SOA: The Enterprise Service Bus

Application

Enterprise Service BusConnectivity, Routing, Transformation, Security

ERPsystem

CRMsystem

Legacysystem

ExternalERP


SOA is not an easy technology…

Promise of SOA

Supports business transformation

Comprehensive implementation

Status of SOA

Mainly perceived as technical solution

Fragmentedimplementation

Hirschheim et al. 2010.


A SOA example: Norwegian

• 2003: Implementing a service oriented architecture (SOA)

• 2004: Bypassing travel agencies, by Internet sales

• 2005: Low-price calendar

• 2006: Dialogue with 90% of customers is electronic

• 2007: Bank

• 2008-2011: Mobile company

Norwegian is an international airlinebased in Norway

Starting in 2002 it developed a largenetwork of routes and carried 13 millpassengers in 2010

The success of Norwegian is associatedwith continuous innovation of IT‐basedservices


Some characteristics of Norwegian

• First, there is a strong entrepreneur culture. Innovation is done in small teams, flat organization, empowered employees and a strong determination to succeed.

• Second, there are no “IT projects”, only business projects. New ideas come along as business proposals. They are evaluated on the sole criterion of financial benefits.

Third, it is a relatively flat organization. Employees are empowered to a large degree, with clear business accountabilities. A middle manager commented: “As long as I reach the company objectives I am free to choose my actions.


Innovation in Norwegian

www. Airline www.Bank www.Mobile www.Next service

Norwegian Business Bus

AmadeusBank data Mobile data

Customers

Other data

Revenues Inventory


SOA in Norwegian

Norwegian Business API

Norwegian Business Bus

AmadeusBooking

AmadeusInventory

BackOfficeRocadeAmadeusFaring

Automat

CRM DataWarehouse

Local business

Local business

Local business

Local business

Local business

Local business

Local business

Local business

Local business

Local business

Local business

Amadeus DCS

Mobil Internet & Portals Call center, stationtravel agent

Narvesen/RetailE -mail management Other WEB channels /API


The ESB solution


Self‐reinforcing mechanisms


Bygstad, B. (2010). “Generative Mechanisms for Innovation in Information Infrastructures”. Information and Organization, 20 (3‐4):156‐168.

Successfactors SOA in Norwegian

• Comprehensive (not partial) approach, SOA is used in all core processes

• Boundary‐spanning competence; IT and business people cooperate through the wholeinnovation process

• Self‐reinforcing processes; innovation takesplace in a «space of possibilities» – and newservices increases this space

Bygstad and Grønli, 2011


Exercise

• What are the key benefits of SOA• Which implementation technologies areavailable?

• Can SOA be implemented step‐wise?


Documents

INF 5890 IT og Ledelse Enterprise Architecture · CRM system Legacy system External ERP INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad. SOA is not an easy technology ... • 2006: Dialogue with 90% of customers