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Human Development Human Development Infancy and Childhood Infancy and Childhood

Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

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Page 1: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

Human DevelopmentHuman DevelopmentInfancy and ChildhoodInfancy and Childhood

Page 2: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

Heredity v. EnvironmentHeredity v. Environment

�� Heredity Heredity –– characteristics obtained directly from genescharacteristics obtained directly from genes

�� EnvironmentEnvironment–– a persona person’’s surroundings that influence s surroundings that influence

characteristics and developmentcharacteristics and development

�� Nature v. Nurture controversyNature v. Nurture controversy–– Where do we get characteristics? Nature (heredity) Where do we get characteristics? Nature (heredity)

or nurture (environment)?or nurture (environment)?

Page 3: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

HeredityHeredity�� GenesGenes

–– Basic units of heredityBasic units of heredity–– Contain directions for our Contain directions for our

characteristicscharacteristics

�� ChromosomesChromosomes–– We have 23 pairs, a total We have 23 pairs, a total

of 46 chromosomes, in of 46 chromosomes, in each cell of our bodyeach cell of our body

–– Except reproductive cellsExcept reproductive cells�� The Egg has 23The Egg has 23�� The Sperm has 23The Sperm has 23�� TOGETHER they make a TOGETHER they make a

person!person!�� Fertilized egg is a ZygoteFertilized egg is a Zygote�����

Page 4: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

Developmental PatternsDevelopmental Patterns

�� Development is orderly and specificDevelopment is orderly and specific�� Humans stay weaker and helpless longer that Humans stay weaker and helpless longer that

most animalsmost animals

Page 5: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

MaturationMaturation

�� The automatic, orderly, The automatic, orderly, sequential process of sequential process of physical and mental physical and mental developmentdevelopment–– Nature must take its Nature must take its

coursecourse

�� Growth cyclesGrowth cycles–– Orderly patterns of Orderly patterns of

developmentdevelopment

Page 6: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

�� Critical Period:Critical Period:–– The specific period of development that is the only The specific period of development that is the only

time when a particular skill can begin to develop time when a particular skill can begin to develop or a particular association can occuror a particular association can occur

–– Ducks attach to a Ducks attach to a ““mother figuremother figure”” around 16 hours around 16 hours after birthafter birth

–– Dogs form solid attachments to humans around 12 Dogs form solid attachments to humans around 12 weeks of ageweeks of age

Page 7: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

Critical PeriodsCritical Periods

�� Imprinting in Imprinting in ducks: ducks will ducks: ducks will accept anything as accept anything as a mother figure if a mother figure if exposed to it exposed to it during their during their critical periodcritical period

Page 8: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

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�� �������� ������������������ ��������� ��������� ������������������ ��������� ��������� ����������������������������� ������������� ����������������������������� �����

�� ���������������������� ������������������������������������� ��������������������� ����� � ������������ ����� � ������

�� ������������������������� �������!������ ������������������������� �������!�����������!���"�������������������!����������!��� �������!���"�������������������!����������!��� ����������

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Page 9: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

Twin studiesTwin studies

�� Dizygotic twins (di = meaning two) Dizygotic twins (di = meaning two) –– FRATERNAL twinsFRATERNAL twins–– Develop from TWO different eggsDevelop from TWO different eggs–– Similar to any other sibling pairSimilar to any other sibling pair

�� Monozygotic twins (mono = meaning one)Monozygotic twins (mono = meaning one)–– IDENTICAL twinsIDENTICAL twins–– Develop from ONE fertilized egg that splitsDevelop from ONE fertilized egg that splits–– Studied especially when theyStudied especially when they’’ve grown up in ve grown up in

different homesdifferent homes

Page 10: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

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Page 11: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –
Page 12: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

'������'������%%����%% '������'������

�� In identical twins that are raised apart, In identical twins that are raised apart, scientists seescientists see……–– Similar temperaments, interests, hobbies, jobs, Similar temperaments, interests, hobbies, jobs,

preferences for art and music, etc.preferences for art and music, etc.

�� Even though theyEven though they’’d never met each other!d never met each other!�� Scientists estimate that 50 percent of our Scientists estimate that 50 percent of our

personality and intelligence is a result of personality and intelligence is a result of genetic factorsgenetic factors

�� Twins separated at birth Twins separated at birth VIDEOVIDEO VIDEO2VIDEO2

Page 13: Infancy and Childhood - wsfcs.k12.nc.us · Human Development Infancy and Childhood. Heredity v. Environment Heredity – characteristics obtained directly from genes Environment –

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