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Initial Readings of the Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Chinese Buddhist Monasteries Monasteries Jiang Wu 吴吴 Department of East Asian Studies Daoqin Tong 吴吴吴 School of Geography & Development The University of Arizona

Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

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Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries. Jiang Wu 吴疆 Department of East Asian Studies Daoqin Tong 童道琴 School of Geography & Development The University of Arizona. Introduction to the Data. BGIS ECAI: Atlas of Chinese Religion China Data Center. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Initial Readings of the Data Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary About Contemporary

Chinese Buddhist Chinese Buddhist MonasteriesMonasteries

Jiang Wu 吴疆 Department of East Asian Studies

Daoqin Tong 童道琴 School of Geography & Development

The University of Arizona

Page 2: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Introduction to the DataIntroduction to the DataBGISECAI: Atlas of Chinese ReligionChina Data Center

Page 3: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Assumptions of Chinese Assumptions of Chinese MonasteriesMonasteriesBuddhist monasteries are

fundamentally independent and local institutions.

They are one of the types of local institution which has been allowed to grow in China.

Temple building activities are largely spontaneous endeavors undertaken by local communities

Thus, temple building can be retreated as an index to social and cultural development.

Page 4: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Purpose of this StudyPurpose of this StudyChanging the paradigm in the study of

BuddhismFrom sectarian-based model to

monastery-or place-based studyIdentify various social, cultural,

economic factors (viables) and their relationships to temple building

Identify patterns in the growth of Buddhism through history

Understand the transformation of Chinese society

Page 5: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

MethodsMethodsData samplingExploratory Spatial Data Analysis

(ESDA)Regression analysisHistorical approachQuantitative and qualitative

research

Page 6: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Exploratory Spatial Data Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA)Analysis (ESDA)Allow users to describe and

visualize spatial distributions, discover patters of association, clusters, etc.

Explore the properties of datasets without the need for formal model building

We believe that the temple distribution is not random

Spatial autocorrelation

Page 7: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Spatial AutocorrelationSpatial AutocorrelationRefers to the coincidence of attribute

similarity and locational similarity (Anselin 1988)

Moran’s I (Anselin 1995)◦Provides the degree of linear

association between values observed at different locations

◦Positive vs. negative

1 1

1 1

( )n n

ij i ji j

n n

i ji j

w k x x

Ix x

Page 8: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

China Temple DistributionChina Temple Distribution

Page 9: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries
Page 10: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Moran’s I Moran’s I I=0.3951P-value =0.0015 with 9999 random

permutationPositive spatial autocorrelation

HHLH

LL HL

Page 11: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Local Indicator of Spatial Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA)Autocorrelation (LISA)Capture local spatial clustering

(Anselin 1995)Provinces that are statistically

significant

Page 12: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Factors to Explain Variability Factors to Explain Variability in Temple Distributionin Temple Distribution

Linear regression

◦Dependent/Response variable (Y) number of temples in a province

◦ Independent/Explanatory variables (X’s) Population Income Rural/urban media (TV, newspaper, internet users) Ethnicity Education Transportation

ppXXXY ..2211

Page 13: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Regression ResultsRegression ResultsR-square 0.69

Coefficient t-statistic p-value

Constant -780.995 -2.085 0.048

Population 0.022 0.458 0.651

Income 0.146 4.193 0.000+

Roads (km) 0.001 0.420 0.678

Museum 11.345 4.064 0.000+

Internet users -1.129 -2.241 0.035

HS_above -33.920 -4.350 0.000+

Population (10,000)Income (yuan)Internet users (10,000)HS_above (%)

Page 14: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Statistically InsignificantStatistically InsignificantPopulation: Population does not

contribute significantly to the variality of temple distribution.

Roads (km): transportation does not have correlations with temple distribution.

Interpretation: Chinese population is huge and transportation has been well-developed. Thus they have minimum impact.

Page 15: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Positive CorrelationPositive CorrelationIncome: Higher income level tends to

boost the number of temples.Museum: the existence of museum

indicates the existence of more templesInterpretation: Economic growth

stimulates the growth of Buddhist institutions.

As cultural indicators, museums and monasteries have similar role in local society as they require local investment. (Note: some temples might have been appropriated as museums.

Page 16: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Negative CorrelationsNegative CorrelationsInternet users: The area where the

number of internet users increases may have negative impact on the distribution of Buddhist institutions.

HS_above: people with above high-school education may have negative impact on the building of Buddhist institutions.

Interpretation: Higher education may discourage the development of Buddhist institutions. (Not necessarily Buddhism as a whole.)

Page 17: Initial Readings of the Data About Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monasteries

Future worksFuture worksNarrow the scales to country levelSeeking continuities with data in

Tang and QingIncorporating William Skinner’s

Macro-region theory more effectively

Conducting residual analysis to identify the defects in the original data collection