1.GROUP MEMBERSMUAAZ ALI BSME01113094IRFAN ALI BSME01113098

2. MUAAZ ALIINJECTION MOLDING BLOW MOLDING INJECTION BLOW MOLDING 3. INJECTION MOLDING Injection molding is one of the most commonly usedprocessing method for the plastic components It is defined as A manufacturing process for forming objects, as ofplastic or metal, by heating the molding material to afluid state and injecting it into a mold . 4. What does processing of plasticmeans ?All the methods used for processing of plastics like Injection molding, blow molding , thermoforming , extrusion e.t.c. , have a raw material i.e. plastic in some form which is then heated , formed and cooled to get the desired design and product. So , the term to memorize in all plastic processing methods is HFC ( heating , forming , cooling ) 5. INJECTION MOLDING (CONTINUED) It is used to process thin walled plastic parts for a wide variety of shapes and products . BASIC PRINCIPLEPlastic material is melted in a heated chamber and then injected in the mold , where it cools andfinally the finished plastic part is ejected out of the cavity . 6. INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE The raw material in the form of powder/pellets is introduced through hopper into the cylinder 7. Machine parts Hopper is a tapered container working with a hoppingmotion to transfer grains into cylinder Inside the cylinder there is a piston /plunger which is usedto move the material from cylinder into the mold Heating arrangement is placed above and below thecylinder . The mold is in two halves , it has a mold cavity and themold has two ejector pins. 8. Process As soon as the plastic is melted it will be pushed by thepiston into the sprue through which the materialwould go into the mold cavity . The cavity will be filled by the pressure of the pistonand the mold should not be opened until the plasticsolidifies. When the plastic solidifies the ejector pins arehydraulically moved backwards . 9. Stages of Injection molding Clamping : The two halves of mold are tightly closed beforethe molten plastic is injected. Injection : Injection of raw material from hopper intocylinder to the cavity is called the injection stage. Cooling : The material is cooled for at least 30-60 sec Ejection : The 2nd mold plate moves back by ejector pinsand the product is tapped out 10. IMPORTANT POINTS PRODUCTION RATE : Production rate depends upon the clamping and de-clamping time of the mold halves. INJECTION TIME:The filling process should be optimal not too slow in order to stop the production of cracks. SHOT VOLUME :The amount of material that is injected into the mold is referred to as shot volume PRESSURE and CYCLE TIME :The pressure applied is in the range of 35-140 MPa while the cycle completes in 2-60 sec 11. MATERIALS USED Acetate Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) Cellulose acetate PVC ( poly vinyl chloride) Polycarbonate Polyesterse.t.c. 12. ADVANTAGES Higher production rate Minimum wastage of material Complex geometry can easily be producedDISADVANTAGES Tooling cost higher High setup cost Large undercuts can not be formed 13. APPLICATIONS It can be used to produce thin walled plastic products ofvarying size and dimensions e.g. Medical devices such as surgical syringes Open container like buckets Plastic housings of different tools Daily use products such as tooth brushes 14. USED in PAKISTAN Faraz industriesAddress: WH-3/2, sector 16-B , North Karachi , Karachi Siddique sonsAddress: WH-2/7 ,Sector 16-B , North Karachi, Karachi 15. BLOW MOLDING It is a plastic processing technique which is used toproduce hollow plastic parts by inflating a heatedplastic until it fills a mold and forms the desired shape The raw material used for processing in blow molding iscalled parison Parison is a preform tube that is hollow and it has a holeat one end 16. PROCEDUREI. First the parison is obtained by means of extrusion or injection molding processII. Above the preform there is a blower and the preform is positioned between two split halves of the mold.III. The mold closes over the tube and the hot air is injected from the blower into the hollow tube . The air expands the tube against the sides of the moldIV. After sufficient cooling , the mold opens to release the product. 17. Important Process Parameters Cooling temperature of plastic material Air pressure required ( usually 2-4 Mpa) Cooling timeo Pressure is exerted both axially and radially , bothcavities are pressurized with a non-reactive gas such asargon. 18. Types of Blow molding Extrusion blow molding Injection blow molding Stretch blow molding MAJOR DIFFERENCE: All the types have one primary difference that is making of parison by extrusion , injection and stretching . 19. INJECTION BLOW MOLDING The injection blow molding is used for the production of hollow objects in large quantities . The main applications are bottles, jars and other containers. The process is divided into three sectionsi) Injectionii) Blowingiii) Ejection 20. IRFAN ALI EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING STRETCH BLOW MOLDING THERMOFORMING 21. EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING In this process the blow molding machine is based on a standardextruder barrel and screw assembly to plasticize the polymer. The polymer is heated inside the barrel , the molten polymer isled through a right angle and through a die to emerge as ahollow section. When the parison has moved enough length it is cut through bya knife and fits inside the bottle mold . The bottle mold moves toward the jet where the air blows andthe product is obtained after cooling . 22. Stretch blow molding Stretch blow molding is also carried out by injection . Usedthe production of high quality containers. This process is divided into four steps Injection : The material is injected as discussed before. Stretching : One conditioned to correct temperature , theparison is stretched by the blow pin/stretch rod that stretches itlongitudinally . Blowing : Using two levels of air pressure , the preform isblown circumferentially. Discharge : After a set time for cooling the molds open and theproduct is removed . 23. ADVANTAGES Low tooling costs . Fast production rates . Ability to mold complex parts . Little scrap generated . Large hollow shape can be produced . Produced parts can be recycled . DISADVANTAGES Limited to hollow parts . Thick parts cannot be manufactured. 24. Applications Different types of plastic products can be manufactured by this process such as: Bottles in different shapes and sizes Jars and containers Fluid oil tanks Mugs Toys etc 25. THERMOFORMING Thermoforming is a plastic processing technique inwhich the thermoplastic sheets are formed by applyingtemperature and pressure inside the mold . The raw material here is usually plastic sheet Different types of this process areI. Vacuum formingII. Pressure formingIII. Matched die forming 26. VACUUM FORMINGo The vacuum pressure is used to form the heatedthermoplastic sheet into the desired shape.o Thermoplastic sheet is placed on the mold surfaceand fixed with the help of clamping unit.o The sheet is heated until it softens and there after ,vacuum needs to be applied quickly.o There is tank with nozzles that suck air and createsvacuum in between sheet and mold. 27. Few important parameters How much heat is required ? Amount of vacuum needed . These parameters solely depends upon the type of thermoforming and the thickness needed.Video of vacuum forming 28. PRESSURE FORMING The forming process is closely related to the vacuumforming . The air pressure required is much higher as comparedto the pressure required in the vacuum formingThe preheated plastic sheet is placed on the moldsurface and then air pressure is applied quickly abovethe sheet.The high pressure is developed in between thesoftened sheet and pressure boxDue to the high pressure, the preheated plastic sheetcan be deformed into the mold cavity in a fraction ofsecond (means high production rate). 29. The formed sheet is held in the mold cavity for coolingfor few seconds The formed parts thereby solidifies and is ejected. 30. MATCHED DIE FORMING A matched die forming is also called mechanicalforming . Mold consists of two parts i.e. (i) die and (ii) punch Thermoplastic sheet is heated with the application ofheat until it softensPreheated sheet is placed into the die and through thepunch , pressure is applied on sheet Air between the die and sheet is evacuated by usingvacuum pump , and sheet conforms to the mold shape.Formed part is cooled and ejected from the mold. 31. Materials used ABS (Acrylonutrile butadiene styrene) Celloluse acetate LDPE (Low density polyethylene) HDPE (High density polyethylene) PVC etc 32. ADVANTAGES Design flexibility Rapid prototype development Low initial setup costs Low production cost Less thermal stresses Good dimensional stabilityDISADVANTAGES Poor surface finish Parts may have non-uniform thickness All parts needs to be trimmed Limited materials can be made 33. Applications Thermoforming has many applications likeI. Food packagingII. Automotive partsIII. Aircraft windscreensIV. Vehicle doors 34. APPLICATIONS IN PAKISTAN Ideal IndustryMailing Address: Plot # 109, Kerbath Soling, 1 km Off Main BedianRoad, Lahore Pakistan.Pabx: 92 42 35600211/12Cell: 92 344 6001111Fax: 92 42 35600209Email: sales@idealindustriesm.pk