Intel Pentium m Processor Full Report

8/2/2019 Intel Pentium m Processor Full Report

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INTRODUCTION

The world of mobile computing has seldom

been so exciting. Not, at least,

for last 3 years when all that the chip giants

could think of was scaling down the

frequency and voltage of the desktop CPUs,

and labeling them as mobile

processors. Intel Centrino mobile

technology is based on the understanding

that mobile customers value the four vectors

of mobility: performance, battery life, small

form factor, and wireless connectivity. The

technologies represented by the Intel

Centrino brand will include an Intel

Pentium-M processor, Intel 855 chipset

family, and Intel PRO/Wireless 2100

network connection . The Intel Pentium-M

processor is a higher performance, lower

power mobile processor with several micro-architectural enhancements over existing

Intel mobile processors. Some key features

of the Intel Pentium-M processor Micro-

architecture include Dynamic Execution,

400-MHz, on-die 1-MB second level cache

with Advanced Transfer Cache Architecture,

Streaming SIMDExtensions 2, and

Enhanced Intel SpeedStep technology. The

Intel Centrino mobile technology also

includes the 855GM chipset components

GMCH and the ICH4-M. The Accelerated

Hub Architecture is designed into the

chipset to provide

an efficient, high bandwidth, communication

channel between the GMCH and the ICH4-

M.The GMCH component contains a

processor system bus controller, a graphics

controller, and a memory controller, while

providing an LVDS interface and two DVO

ports.

The integrated Wi-Fi Certified Intel

PRO/Wireless 2100 Network

Connection has been designed and validated

to work with all of the Intel Centrino mobile

technology components and is able to

connect to 802.11b Wi-Fi certified access

points. It also supports advanced wireless

LAN security including Cisco LEAP,

802.1X and WEP. Finally, for

comprehensive security support, the Intel

PRO/Wireless 2100 Network Connection

has been verified with leading VPN

suppliers like Cisco, CheckPoint, Microsoft

and Intel NetStructure.

1. Pentium-M Processor

The Intel Pentium-M processor is a high

performance, low power mobile processor

with several micro-architectural

enhancements over existing Intel mobile

processors. The following list provides some

of the key features on this processor:


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Supports Intel Architecture with Dynamic

Execution

High performance, low-power core

On-die, 1-MByte second level cache with

Advanced Transfer Cache

Architecture

Advanced Branch Prediction and Data

Prefetch Logic

Streaming SIMD Extensions 2 (SSE2)

400-MHz, Source-Synchronous processor

system bus

Advanced Power Management features

including Enhanced Intel

SpeedStep technology

Micro-FCPGA and Micro-FCBGA

packaging technologies

The Intel Pentium-M processor is

manufactured on Intels advanced 0.13

micron process technology with copper

interconnect. The processor maintains

support for MMX technology and Internet

Streaming SIMD instructions and full

compatibility with IA-32 software. The high

performance core features architectural

innovations like Micro-op Fusion and

Advanced Stack Management that reduce

the number of micro-ops handled by the

processor. This results in more efficient

scheduling and better performance at lower

power. The on-die 32-kB

Level 1 instruction and data caches and the

1-MB Level 2 cache with Advanced

Transfer Cache Architecture enable

significant performance improvement over

existing mobile processors. The processor

also features a very advanced branch

prediction architecture that significantly

reduces the number of

mispredicted branches. The processors Data

Prefetch Logic speculatively fetches data to

the L2 cache before an L1 cache requests

occurs, resulting in reduced bus cycle

penalties and improved performance. The

Streaming SIMD Extensions 2 (SSE2)

enable break-through levels of performance

in multimedia applications including 3-D

graphics, video decoding/encoding, and

speech recognition. The Intel Pentium-M

processors 400-MHz processor system bus

utilizes a split-transaction, deferred reply

protocol. The 400-MHz processor system

bus uses Source-Synchronous Transfer

(SST) of address and data to improve

performance by transferring data four times

per bus clock (4X data transfer rate, as in

AGP 4X).

The processor features Enhanced Intel

SpeedStep technology, which enables real-

time dynamic switching between multiple

voltage and frequency points instead of two


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points supported on previous versions of

Intel SpeedStep

technology. This results in optimal

performance without compromising low

power. The processor features the Auto Halt,

Stop-Grant, Deep Sleep, and Deeper Sleep

low power states. The Intel Pentium-M

processor utilizes socketable Micro Flip-

Chip Pin Grid Array (Micro-FCPGA) and

surface mount Micro Flip-Chip Ball Grid

Array (Micro-FCBGA) package technology.

The Micro-FCPGA package plugs into a

479-hole, surface-mount, Zero Insertion

Force (ZIF) socket, which is referred to as

the mPGA479M socket.

Features of Pentium-M

1.1 Clock Control and Low Power

States

The Intel Pentium M processor supports the

AutoHALT, Stop-Grant, Sleep,

Deep Sleep, and Deeper Sleep states for

optimal power management. See Figure.1

for a visual representation of the processor

low-power states.

1.1.1 Normal State

This is the normal operating state for theprocessor.

1.1.2 Auto HALT Power down State

Auto HALT is a low-power state entered

when the processor executes the

HALT instruction. The processor will

transition to the Normal state upon the

occurrence of SMI#, INIT#, LINT [1:0]

(NMI, INTR), or PSB interrupt message.

1.1.3 Stop-Grant State

When the STPCLK# pin is asserted, the

Stop-Grant state of the processor is entered

20 bus clocks after the response phase of the

processor-issued Stop-Grant

Acknowledge special bus cycle. Since the

AGTL+ signal pins receive power from the

system bus, these pins should not be driven

(allowing the level to return to VCCP) for

minimum power drawn by the termination

resistors in this state.

1.1.4 HALT/Grant Snoop State

The processor will respond to snoop or

interrupt transactions on the system


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bus while in Stop-Grant state or in

AutoHALT Power Down state. During a

snoop or interrupt transaction, the processor

enters the HALT/Grant Snoop state. The

processor will stay in this state until the

snoop on the system bus has been serviced

or the interrupt has been latched.

1.1.5 Sleep State

The Sleep state is a low power state in

which the processor maintains its context,

maintains the phase-locked loop (PLL), and

has stopped all internal clocks. The Sleep

state can only be entered from Stop-Grant

state. Once in the

Stop-Grant state, the processor will enter the

Sleep state upon the assertion of the

SLP# signal. The SLP# pin should only be

asserted when the processor is in the

Stop-Grant state.

1.1.6 Deep Sleep State

Deep Sleep state is a very low power state

the processor can enter while maintaining

context. Deep Sleep state is entered by

asserting the DPSLP# pin while in the Sleep

state. BCLK may be stopped during the

Deep Sleep state for additional platform

level power savings. BCLK stop/restart

timings on Intel

855PM and Intel 855GM chipset-based

platforms are as follows:

Deep Sleep entry - DPSLP# and

CPU_STP# are asserted simultaneously. The

platform clock chip will stop/tristate BCLK

within 2 BCLKs +/- a few nanoseconds.

Deep Sleep exit - DPSLP# and

CPU_STP# are deasserted simultaneously.

The platform clock chip will drive BCLK to

differential DC levels within 2-3 ns and

starts toggling BCLK 2-6 BCLK periods

later.

1.1.7 Deeper Sleep State

The Deeper Sleep state is the lowest power

state the processor can enter.

This state is functionally identical to the

Deep Sleep state but at a lower core

voltage. The control signals to the voltage

regulator to initiate a transition to the

Deeper Sleep state are provided on the

platform.

1.2 Enhanced Intel SpeedStep

Technology

The Intel Pentium-M processor features

Enhanced Intel SpeedStep technology.

Unlike previous implementations of Intel

SpeedStep technology, this technology

enables the processor to switch between

multiple frequency and voltage points

instead of two. This will enable superior

performance with optimal power savings.

Switching between states is software

controlled unlike previous implementations


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1.5 Advanced Branch Prediction and

Data Prefetching

The Intel Pentium M processor features an

advanced branch prediction architecture thatcombines three types of predictors - Global,

Bi-Modal and Loop

Detector. The processor automatically

selects the most optimal algorithm to use,

significantly reducing the number of mis-

predicted branches. The processor also

features an advanced data prefetcher that can

track up to 8 upstream and 4

downstream operations simultaneously. Data

is prefetched from main memory to

the L2 cache in advance, resulting in higher

performance by reducing the need to access

system memory.

1.6 Streaming SIMD Extensions

2(SSE2)

The Intel Pentium M processor supports the

complete SSE2 instruction set.

These instructions include 128-bit SIMD

integer arithmetic and 128-bit SIMD

double-precision floating-point operations.

These instructions reduce the overall

number of instructions required to execute a

particular program task and as a result can

contribute to an overall performance

increase.


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2. Intel 855GM Chipset GMCH

As the next step in the evolution of the Intel

Hub Architecture for the

notebook PCs using Intel Centrino mobile

technology, the Intel 855GM chipset was

designed in tandem with Intel Pentium-M

processor.

The Intel 855GM Graphics and Memory

Controller Hub (GMCH) delivers support

for either PC1600 and PC2100 DDR

memory technology and a 400 Mhz

system bus, providing the latest graphics

support through 1.5V AGP4X technology.

Together these features deliver the highest

total bandwidth capabilities to the PC

platform. The enhanced 82801DBM I/O

Controller Hub 4 (ICH4-M) delivers twice

the I/O bandwidth over traditional bridgearchitecture and provides dedicated data

paths to fully optimize the additional

bandwidth. The ICH4-M has reduced core

voltage from previous generation of I/O hub

architecture chipsets.

The ICH4-M makes a direct connection

from the graphics and memory for faster

access to peripherals and provides the

features and bandwidth required for a high

performance notebook PC.

2.1 Intel 855GM Chipset GMCH

Product Features

Processor/Host Bus Support

Intel Pentium M processor2x address, 4x data

Supports system bus at 400 MHz

Supports 64-bit host bus addressing

Supports Enhanced Intel SpeedStep

technology

Memory System

Directly supports one DDR SDRAM

channel, 64-bits wide

Supports 200/266-MHz DDR SDRAM

devices with max of two, doublesided SO-

DIMMs four rows populated) with

unbuffered PC1600/PC2100

DDR SDRAM.

Video Stream Decoder

Improved hardware motion compensation

for MPEG2

All format decoder (18 ATSC formats)

supported

Software DVD at 60 Fields/second and 30

frames/second full screen

Support for standard definition DVD

Multiple hardware color cursor support

(32-bit with alpha and legacy 2-bpp

mode)

Accompanying I2C and DDC channels

provided through multiplexed interface

Display


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Analog display support

o 350-MHz integrated 24-bit RAMDAC that

can drive a standard

progressive scan analog monitor with pixel

resolution up to 1600x1200

at 85 Hz and up to 2048x1536 at 75 Hz

Dual independent pipe support

o Concurrent: Different images and native

display timings on each display

device

o Simultaneous: Same images and native

display timings on each display

device

DVO (DVOB and DVOC) support

o Digital video out ports DVOB and DVOC

with 165-MHz dot clock on

each 12-bit interface; two 12-bit channels

can be combined to form one

dual channel 24-bit interface with an

effective dot clock of 330-MHz

o The combined DVO B/C ports as well as

individual DVO B/C ports can drive a

variety of DVO devices (TV-Out Encoders,

TMDS and LVDS transmitters, etc.) with

pixel resolution up to 1600x1200 at 85 Hz

and

up to 2048x1536 at 72 Hz.

o Compliant with DVI Specification 1.0

Dedicated LFP (local flat panel) LVDS

interface

o Single- or dual-channel LVDS panel

support up to UXGA panel resolution with

frequency range from 25 MHz to 112 MHz

(single channel/dual channel)

o LCD panel power sequencing compliant

with SPWG timing specification

o Compliant with ANSI/TIA/EIA644-

1995 spec

Tri-view support through LFP interface,

DVO B/C port, and CRT

Internal Graphics Features

Up to 64 MB of dynamic video memory

allocation

Display image rotation

Graphics core frequency

Display core frequency at 133 MHz or

200 MHz

Render core frequency at 100 MHz,133

MHz, 200 MHz

2D graphics engine

o Optimized 128-bit BLT engine

o Ten programmable and predefined

monochrome patterns

3D graphics engine

o 3D setup and render engine

o High quality performance texture engine

o DirectX and OpenGL pixelization rules

Hub Interface to ICH4-M

o 266 -MB/s point-to-point Hub Interface to

ICH4-M

o 66-MHz base clock


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Power Management

o APM Rev 1.2 compliant power

management

o Supports Suspend to System Memory

(S3), Suspend to Disk (S4) and

Soft Off (S5)

o ACPI 1.0b, 2.0 support

o Enhanced Intel SpeedStep technology

support

Package

o 732-pin Micro-FCBGA (37.5 x 37.5 mm)

Additional

o Support for Hi-Speed Universal Serial Bus

(USB 2.0) with backward compatibility with

USB 1.1

o AC97 2.2 Interface with support for a third

codec to provide 20 bit resolution.

o LAN Connect Interface (LCI) provides

flexible network solutions such as home

phone line, 10/100 Mbps Ethernet, and

10/100 Mbps Ethernet with LAN

manageability

o Dual Ultra ATA-100 controllers support

the fastest IDE interface for

transfers to storage devices

2.2. System Architecture

The Intel 855GM GMCH component

provides the processor interface,

DDR SDRAM interface, display interface,

and Hub interface in an Intel 855GM chipset

based system.

The GMCH is in a 732-pin Micro-FCBGA

package and contains the

following functionality:

Optimized for the Intel Pentium M

processor

Supports a single channel of DDR

SDRAM memory

Supports the fourth generation Mobile I/O

Controller Hub (ICH4-M) to

provide the features required by a mobile

platform

Contains advanced power management

logic

Supports a single Intel Pentium M

processor configuration at 400-MHz or 3.2

GB/s

1.05-V AGTL+ host bus supporting 64-

bit host addressing with Enhanced Intel

SpeedStep Technology support

Up to 1 GB (with 512-Mb technology and

two SO-DIMMs) of PC1600/2100

DDR and up to 2 GB (high density using

512-Mb technology)

Integrated graphics capabilities, including

3D rendering acceleration and 2D

hardware acceleration

Deeper Sleep state support

2.3. Processor Host Interface

The GMCH is optimized for the Intel

Pentium M processor. Key features of


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3. Wireless Connectivity

The Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 network

connection is the integrated Wireless LAN

(WLAN) solution for Intel Centrino mobile

technology. The Intel

PRO/Wireless 2100 network connection

works in concert with the other Intel

Centrino mobile technology components to

provide freedom and flexibility to work and

play on the go without searching for a phone

jack, network cable, or plugging in a special

card. To access the Internet wirelessly, a

laptop uses radio signals to communicate

with a wireless LAN via base band circuitry,

a media access controller, and a radio. A

wireless LAN operates with one of two

IEEE standard protocols finalized in 1997

and differing in data rate and signalfrequency. The two standards are the

802.11a and 802.11b, the latter often called

Wi-Fi. The 802.11a operates at 5 GHz and

can transmit data at up to 54 Mb/s. The

802.11b operates at 2.4 GHz and transmits

data at 11 Mb/s. A newer protocol, IEEE

802.11g, is being finalized and should be out

this summer. It has the same data rate as

802.11a but operates on the same frequency

as 802.11b and is compatible with it.

The Intel Centrino mobile technology is

based upon four major categories: Security,

Performance, Ease-of-use, and Verification.

Security

Intel Centrino mobile technology has been

Intel-tested for industry standards-based

WLAN security support (802.1X, WEP and

WPA). Cisco Compatible Extensions (such

as LEAP and CKIP) support is available on

certain models. Subject to PC

manufacturers availability and validation,

this enables interoperability with Cisco

Aironet wireless LAN infrastructure.

Performance

With 802.11b support and speeds up to

11Mbps, Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 network

connection enables fast network

connections. It includes perpacket antenna

selection to enable optimized WLAN

performance. Support for Intel Wireless

Coexistence System helps enables reduced

interference between Intel PRO/Wireless

and certain Bluetooth devices.

Ease-of-use

Available Intel PROSet software allows for

multiple profile setup and switching

between profiles for simplified wireless

access as you move between different access

points with the advanced profile


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management feature. This also allows for

setting security options.

Verification

Intel Centrino mobile technology is verified

with leading VPN infrastructure products.

Intel is working with hardware and software

developers and wireless service provides to

deliver a reliable and integrated wireless

mobile computing experience.

Additional highlights of the Intel

PRO/Wireless 2100 Network

Connection include :

Single band support, providing the ability

to connect to 802.11b networks

Industry standard and extended wireless

security support (WEP,

802.1X and Cisco LEAP)

Available Intel PROSet software with

automatic WLAN switching support enables

automatic switching between wired and

wireless

LAN connections

Available Intel PROSet software supports

Cisco, CheckPoint,

Microsoft and Intel VPN connections

Intel Wireless Coexistence Systemsupport enables reduced interference

between Intel PRO/Wireless and certain

Bluetooth devices

Per-packet antenna selection enables

optimized WLAN performance

Intel Intelligent Scanning Technology,

reduces power by controlling the frequency

of scanning for access points

Power Save Protocol (PSP) is a user

selectable feature with five different power

states, which allows the user to make their

own power versus performance choice when

in battery mode.

4. Key Benefits

4.1 Breakthrough Mobile

Performance

Intel Centrino mobile technology is

designed to meet the users needs of multi-

tasking, constant-computing lifestyle - and

to work with the performance demands of

future applications. Intel Centrino mobile

technology also features advanced

instruction prediction to eliminate CPU

process replication, and secondgeneration

Streaming SIMD Extensions (Streaming

SIMD Extensions 2) with instructions

integrated into the software to enhance

performance. With support for USB 2.0,

there is an increased performance with the

peripherals and backward compatibility with

USB 1.0 devices.


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Conclusion:

There are no industry-standard benchmarks

for determining the range and throughput of

WLANs. Some would even say that there is

no common vocabulary. But Intel engineers

wanted tangible evidence to reinforce what

they knew intuitively. They wanted proof

that Intel Centrino mobile technologyprovides breakthrough mobile

performancein terms of processor speed,

battery life and throughputand an

enhanced user experience overall. So Intel

engineers developed a methodology for

obtaining controlled, reproducible results.

Intel is confident that its test results establish

the breakthrough mobile performance of

Intel Centrino mobile technology when

considering all performance criteria

(processing, battery life and wireless), and

that the methodology Intel engineers used

can serve as a basis for the development of a

widely accepted industry-standard

benchmark
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Intel Pentium m Processor Full Report