Inter-laboratory Correlation Exercise Summary

1

GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05

Working paper No. GRPE-PMP-15-215th PMP working meeting

Geneva 31st May 2005

Report on first results from LD Interlab

P. Dilara, J. Andersson


Inter-laboratory Correlation ExerciseSummary

– Light Duty prioritised, Heavy Duty coming up– Commenced late summer 2004– 9 labs participating (11 repetitions)– Project managed by DG JRC (Ispra, Italy)– Golden Engineer funded by DfT (UK)– Foreseen end by Winter 2005

Hubert

Working paper No. GRPE-PMP-15-2 (15th PMP informal meeting, Geneva, 31 May 2005)

2


• Repeated measurements at several laboratories (with JRC bookends)

• Travelling ‘Golden Engineer’ + two of JRC staff to ensure best and reproducible testing practice

• Very low PM ‘Golden Vehicle’ at all labs Repeatability• Test ‘Golden Measurement System’ for particle numbers and

mass• Test of other vehicles• Test of alternative systems for particle numbers

Set-up


• Revised timetable• Vehicles tested• Alternative systems tested• Mass results• Number results• Regeneration effects• Preliminary conclusions

Outline

3


Revised Timetable (PART A)

June- Transfer to JapanINTERIM REPORT

Calibration of Golden Measurement System (during transfer of car to Japan)

AEA Technology, UK

10-31 May 05JRC, Ispra, Italy

6

6-20 April 05Lab of Applied Thermodynamics (LAT)Greece

5

1-8 March 05RWTÜV Essen, Germany4

1-8 February 05Ricardo Consulting EngineersUK

3

Calibration of Golden Measurement SystemAEA Technology, UK

29 November-3 Dec 04AVL MTCSweden

2

9 to 17 NovemberJRC, Ispra, Italy

1

PMP testing weeks:Address:No


Revised Timetable (PART B)

December 05FINAL REPORT

November 05JRC, Ispra, Italy

11

Calibration of Golden Measurement SystemAEA Technology, UK

Week 41-42 or 45-46UTACFrance

10

?Shell Global SolutionsUK

9

End September 05 –Transfer to Europe

September 05 ?National Motor Vehicle Emission Research Laboratory, Korea

8

July 05 ?NTSEL, Japan7

4


• PEGEUOT 407 HDi FAP 2000 cc (in all labs)• BMW 525d DPF equipped, 2500 cc

• Audi A2, TDi, EURO-4, non-DPF, 1500 cc• Honda Accord i-CTDi, EURO-4, non-DPF, 2200 cc• VW, GOLF TDi, non-DPF, 1800 cc

• Mitsubishi, Carisma, GDI, 1800 cc• VW, GOLF FSI, 1600 cc

• FIAT, Idea, MPI, EURO-4, 1400cc

Vehicles tested


Mass systems tested

• Lab modified systems with heating tapes and mantles (at 4 labs) – Residence time calculated to be according to guidebook– Temperatures recorded– Single filter for all NEDC for DPF equipped vehicles

• HORIBA HFU-4770 (Heated Particulate Filter Module) (at 1 lab)

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Alternative number systems tested

• Lab dilutor-TSI CPC 3010 lab modified (1 lab)• DEKATI modified-GRIMM modified CPC 5.403 (3 labs)• DEKATI modified -TSI CPC 3010 lab modified (1 lab)• HORIBA Solid particle counting system (to be tested)

• No results will be shown from the alternative systems today.


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Outline


Particulate Mass Emissions (mg/km)All participating labs - Golden Vehicle-Golden System

0.407

0.3290.263

0.520

0.252

0.354

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

Lab1 Lab2 Lab3 Lab4 Lab5 mean (all labs)

Mass

emiss

ions

(mg/

Km)

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All Vehicles Tested

0.354 0.625 0.5021.940

7.967

29.943

18.666 17.695

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Au-Vehicle DPF-2 MPI GDI 2 GDI 1 non-DPF#1 non-DPF#2 non-DPF#3

Mass

emiss

ions

(mg/

Km) EURO 4

Particulate Mass Emissions (mg/km)



Outline

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Typical tracePnumber Test 15-11#1

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400Time (s)

#/cm

3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Kph

CPC_GOLD

R.SP(ideal)


Particle Numbers during NEDC (#/km) All tests (regeneration excluded) GOLDEN VEHICLE

0.0E+00

2.0E+10

4.0E+10

6.0E+10

8.0E+10

1.0E+11

1.2E+11

1.4E+11

1.6E+11

Lab1 Lab2 Lab3 Lab4 Lab5 Mean

Parti

cle em

issio

ns (#

/Km

)

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Particle Numbers during NEDC testsbefore and after regeneration (#/km)

Golden Vehicle

0.0E+00

2.0E+10

4.0E+10

6.0E+10

8.0E+10

1.0E+11

1.2E+11

1.4E+11

1.6E+11

1.8E+11

2.0E+11

Mean of testsbefore

regeneration

Regenerationduring precond

TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3

Part

icle

em

issi

ns (#

/Km

)

BEFORE AFTER


Preconditioning

Pnumber Test 20-05 Precondition Test1 (120 Kph - 20´)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Time (s)

#/cm

3 (C

PC_R

EF)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

#/cm

3 (C

PC_G

OLD

)

CPC_REF

CPC_GOLD

10


Regeneration during PreconditioningPnumber Test 20-05 Precondition Test2 (120 Kph - 20´)

0.0E+00

1.0E+04

2.0E+04

3.0E+04

4.0E+04

5.0E+04

6.0E+04

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Time (s)

#/cm

3 (C

PC_R

EF)

0.0E+00

1.0E+03

2.0E+03

3.0E+03

4.0E+03

5.0E+03

6.0E+03

#/cm

3 (C

PC_G

OLD

)

CPC_REF

CPC_GOLD


Regeneration at 140km/hPnumber Test 13-05 Regeneration Test (140 Kph - 20´)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

0 300 600 900 1200 1500Time (s)

#/cm

3 (C

PC_R

EF)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

#/cm

3 (C

PC_G

OLD

)

CPC_REF

CPC_GOLD

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Particle Numbers during NEDC (#/km)All Vehicle Technologies

4.15E+10

1.07643E+11

7.09E+123.51848E+12

6.45E+10

5.53E+135.42E+135.69E+13

1.0E+10

1.0E+11

1.0E+12

1.0E+13

1.0E+14

Au-Vehicle AlternativeDPF

MPI GDI 1 GDI 2 non-DPF#1 non-DPF#2 non-DPF#3

Parti

cle em

issio

ns (#

/Km

)


Comparison between mass and number (EURO 4)

With PMP protocol number measurements are less variable than mass for EURO-4 non-DPF Diesel cars

non-DPF#1

non-DPF#2

non-DPF#3

Average %COV

Number 5.69E+13 5.42E+13 5.53E+13STD 1.91E+12 1.13E+12 3.10E+12%COV 3.36 2.08 5.62 3.69Mass 29.943 18.666 17.69478STD 3.143 1.211 1.925971%COV 10.50 6.49 10.88 9.29

% COV for non-DPF Diesel EURO4 Vehicles

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

non-DPF#1 non-DPF#2 non-DPF#3 Average %COV

Number%COVMass %COV

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Regulated emissionsRegulated Gaseous Emissions and Fuel Consumption

Golden Vehicle

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

HC x 10 CO x 10 CO2 / 1000 NOx HC + NOx Consumption(l/100 Km)

Emiss

ions

(g/K

m)

Lab1Lab2Lab3Lab4Lab5



Outline

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Preliminary Conclusions• Mass method sufficiently sensitive to permit repeatable

measurements at well below 2.5 mg/km level – Some questions remain regarding retention of volatiles by filter media in

absence of carbon• Number method ~20 times more sensitive than mass

– Emissions of ~1011/km achievable with DPF Diesels, similar as modern MPI– GDIs between 1012 and 1013/km – Conventional Diesels ~ 500 times higher (5*1013/km) than DPF equipped

ones• Number method less variable than mass for EURO-4 non-DPF

diesel cars


Preliminary Conclusions-2• Mass and number measurement equipment presented no

significant functional or maintenance challenges during the programme

• Both mass and number sufficiently sensitive to discriminate between a DPF equipped Diesel and non-DPF equipped Diesel– Number metric provides best sensitivity and avoids uncertainties

with volatile components• Current technology GDIs falls between DPF Diesel and

non-DPF Diesel both in mass and number

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Next Steps– 2nd part of testing (NTSEL, NMVERL, UTAC, SHELL, JRC)– Analyse all data and prepare final reports for PMP WG– Further revision of draft regulatory documents

• Fine tuning• Integration of necessary validation and calibration

procedures for number measurement equipment– Submission of drafts to EC in Brussels as protocols in

regulation format for consideration as part of Euro V

– Heavy Duty Inter-lab exercise


Thank you for your attention!

For further details or questions, please contactThe PMP Interlab Manager:

Penny DilaraJRC, TP 441,

Ispra, (VA) 21020, ItalyTel:+39-0332-789207

Fax: +39-0332-786328E-mail: [email protected]

Documents

Inter-laboratory Correlation Exercise Summary