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Interactions among organisms

Interactions among organisms

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Interactions among organisms. The study of how organisms interact with one another and their environment is called _____. Ecology. Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring are called __________. Species. A group of the same species that occupy an area are called a ______. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Interactions among organisms

Interactions among organisms

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The study of how organisms interact with one another and

their environment is called _____.

Page 3: Interactions among organisms

Ecology

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Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring are

called __________.

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Species

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A group of the same species that occupy an area are called a

______

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Population

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The most biologically diverse biome is the

a. swamp.b. grassland.c. tundra.d. tropical rain forest.

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The most biologically diverse biome is the

a. swamp.b. grassland.c. tundra.d. tropical rain forest.

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Which of the following describes the location of the tundra

biome?a. East coast of the U.S.b. Just north of the United Statesc. North of Canadad. Central America

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Which of the following describes the location of the tundra

biome?

a. East coast of the U.S.b. Just north of the United Statesc. North of Canadad. Central America

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Leaves change colors on ____ trees in autumn.

a.coniferous c. deciduousb.permafrost d. abiotic

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Leaves change colors on ____ trees in autumn.

a.coniferous c. deciduousb.permafrost d. abiotic

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A ____ is a tropical grassland with scattered clumps of trees.

a.prairie c. pampasb.savanna d. steppe

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A ____ is a tropical grassland with scattered clumps of trees.

a.prairie c. pampasb. savanna d. steppe

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Salt and fresh water mix in

a.an estuary. c. a coral reef.b.the Sargasso Sea. d. the benthic zone.

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Salt and fresh water mix in

a.an estuary. c. a coral reef.b.the Sargasso Sea. d. the benthic zone.

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Ecology and Types of Interactions

Remember: Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

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Ecology and Types of Interactions

I. Ecologists have described three main ways that species and individuals affect each other.

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A. Competition• When two or more

individuals or populations try to use the same limited resource.

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A. Competition• These two trees

are competing for root space, sunlight, and water.

• Competition is bad for both because if one doesn’t receive enough resources, it may die.

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1) Limited resource - scarce resources like water, food, space, even mates.

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2) Carrying Capacity the number of individuals that an environment can support; controlled by competition for limited resources and predator/prey interactions.

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What has caused the population to level out?

Carrying Capacity

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B. Predator and Prey

• The interaction of one individual eating another.

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Prey1. Prey- organism that is eaten. Prey

adaptations include advantages that help prey hide themselves or escape predators.

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Predator2. Predator- organism that eats the prey.

Predator adaptations include advantages over the prey that help predators catch their prey.

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Prey Adaptations

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i. Mimicry - the ability of some creatures to imitate others, either by sound or appearance for protective purposes

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ii. Camouflage - Protective coloring or another feature that conceals an animal and enables it to blend into its surroundings.

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iii. Warning Coloration Bright colors and patterns that warn potential predators of the potential risk that would come from attacking or eating it.

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Predator Prey Relationships

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Consumers are Divided into Five Categories

• ----------------- consumer that eats plants.

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Consumers are Divided into Five Categories

• Herbivore consumer that eats plants.• ---------------- consumer that eats animals.

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Carnivore

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Consumers are Divided into Five Categories

• Herbivore- consumer that eats plants.• Carnivore- consumer that eats animals.• ---------------- consumer that eats both

plants and animals.

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Omnivore

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Consumers are Divided into Five Categories

• Herbivore- consumer that eats plants.• Carnivore- consumer that eats animals.• Omnivore- consumer that eats both

plants and animals.• ------------------ animals that feed on the

bodies of dead animals.

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Scavenger

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Consumers are Divided into Five Categories

• Herbivore- consumer that eats plants.• Carnivore- consumer that eats animals.• Omnivore- consumer that eats both

plants and animals.• Scavengers- animals that feed on the

bodies of dead animals. • ____________ - organisms that get their

energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms.

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Decomposers- Organisms that get their energy by breaking down the

remains of dead organisms.

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Consumers are Divided into Five Categories

• Herbivore- consumer that eats plants.• Carnivore- consumer that eats animals.• Omnivore- consumer that eats both

plants and animals.• Scavengers- animals that feed on the

bodies of dead animals. • Decomposers- organisms that get their

energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms.

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C. Symbiosis

• A long-term association between two or more species.

• There are three types we will be discussing

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1. Mutualism• A relationship in which both organisms

benefit from each other.

• Cleaner shrimp cleaning a zebra moray eel. • Bacteria found in human large intestines.

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2. Commensalism• A relationship in which one organism benefits

and the other is unaffected.

Remoras attach themselves to sharks and feed of the scraps of food that the shark leaves behind.

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3. Parasitism

• One organism benefits while the other is harmed.

The parasite is the organism that benefits in the relationship.

The host is harmed

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Evolution is tied to the need for energy.

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A. Evolution - the process in which organisms produce offspring which are biologically different than their ancestors, yet are more capable of surviving and producing offspring in the environment.

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