Interjections, Prepositions, Conjunctions

8/9/2019 Interjections, Prepositions, Conjunctions

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INTERJECTION

PREPOSITIONCONJUNCTION


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Sometimes, when we get excited, angry,suprised, dissapointed or when we feel happy or

sad, we make some kind of sound or noise toexpress what we feel..

Gilbert Perreire


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The part of speech that usually expresses

emotion and is capable of standing alone.An interjection expresses an emotion. It mightshow excitement or surprise

Richard Palmer


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"Interjection" is a big name for a little word

Interjections are short exclamations like Oh!, Um orAh! They have no real grammatical value but we use

them quite often, usually more in speaking than inwriting.

When interjections are inserted into a sentence, theyhave no grammatical connection to the sentence. Aninterjection is sometimes followed by anexclamation mark (!) when written.


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INTERJECTION MEANING EXAMPLE

Ah

Expressing pleasure Ah, that feels good.

Expressing realization Ah, now I

understand.

Expressingresignation

Ah well, it can`t beheped.

Expressing suprise Ah! I`ve won!


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INTERJECTIO

N

MEANING EXAMPLE

Alas Expressing grief

or pity

Alas, she`s dead

now.

Dear

Expressing pity Oh dear! Does it

hurt?

Expressing

suprise

Dear me! That`s a

suprise!


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INTERJECTION MEANING EXAMPLES

Eh

Asking for

repetition

It`s hot today. Eh?I

said it`s hot today.

Expressing enquiry What do you think of

that, eh?

Expressing suprise Eh! Really?

Inviting agreement Let`s go, eh?


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Hey

Calling attention Hey! Look at that!

Expressing suprise,joy

Hey! What a goodideal!

Hi Expressing greeting Hi! What`s new?

HmmExpressinghesitation, doubt or

disagreement

Hmm. I`m notsure.


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Uh huh

Expressing

agreement

Shall we go? Uh

huh.

Um, Umm

Expressing

hesitation

85 divided by

5...um...17.

Well

Expressing suprise Well I never!

Introducing a

remark

Well, what did he

say?


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1. , don`t you ever to eat my cakes!

2. , hold your bird carefully!

3.

, you look really beatiful today.


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Definition:-

Preposition is a word, which is used before a noun, anoun phrase or a pronoun , connecting it to another

word.

Definition:-

Preposition is a word, which is used before a noun, anoun phrase or a pronoun , connecting it to another

word.


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@ Simple prepositions: Prepositions which consistsonly one word.

e.g. in, on, at, with, against etc..,@Compound prepositions: Prepositions which

consists of two or more words.

e.g. instead of, in the middle of, by the side of

etc..,


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on, through, behind, for, beneath, against,

beside, over, during, without, abroad,across, among, against, around ,at the end, atthe bottom, between, behind, below, by ,

inside , corner, into, via, after , to , about ,in,on, at, since ,while, under, over, right, left


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There are three types in prepositions


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Some prepositions show where something happens.They are called prepositions of place.Examples:-

Sanny was sitting undera tree.

Theres a wooden floor underneath the carpet.

Some geese flewovertheir house.

John and Sarah were hiding inside the wardrobe.

There was a tree beside the river.

I have a friend who lives inAmerica.


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Some prepositions show when something happens.They are called prepositions of time.Examples:-

School startsSchool starts atatnine oclock.nine oclock.

Were going to the zooWere going to the zoo onon Saturday.Saturday.

No, you cant watch a video. ItsNo, you cant watch a video. Itspastpastyour bedtime already.your bedtime already.

I visited my grandparentsI visited my grandparents duringduring the summer.the summer.

You must finish the workYou must finish the workbyby Friday.Friday.

Ill do my homeworkIll do my homeworkbeforebefore dinner.dinner.


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Some prepositions show where something is going.They are called prepositions of direction.

Examples:-

The boys chased aftereach other.

The football rolled down the hill.

A man was walking his dog along the riverbank.

The freeway goes rightthrough the city.

We were travelling towards Miami.


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Our modules are full ofreal life examples.I ate a plate ofrice and a quarter ofmilk.

Would you like a glass oflemon juice?I need three pieces ofpaper.Most ofthe children in my class like

Education.There are several ways ofcooking Upma.

Usage ofOF


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Usage of FOR

I made this bookmarkforMom.

Is there roomforme on this seat?

Id like a new computerforChristmas.

Were going downtownfora meeting. I made this giftformy mother.

Is there placeforme on this seat?

Id like a new LaptopforNext year..


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Usage of WITH

He pounds nails with a hammer.

Mix the flour withwater.

She painted the picture with her new paints.

Would you like to come with us to the cinema?

I can do difficult problems with help from Mom.

Who is the man with the beard?


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Usage of EXCEPT AND INSTEAD OFUsage of EXCEPT AND INSTEAD OF

I like all kinds of foodI like all kinds of food exceptexceptUpmaUpma..

Everyone likes chocolateEveryone likes chocolate exceptexceptTom.Tom.

We go to school every dayWe go to school every dayexceptexceptSaturday and Sunday.Saturday and Sunday.

You should eat fruitYou should eat fruit instead ofinstead ofcandy.candy.

Dad is coming to the theater with usDad is coming to the theater with us instead ofinstead ofMom.Mom.

We could watch TVWe could watch TVinstead ofinstead ofreading our books.reading our books.


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Usage of LIKE, AS and THEN

Kathleen lookslike

her dad.Andrew smiles like his mother.

Peter sings like a professional singer.

Are these shoes the same as those?

Sue is nearly as tall

asthe teacher.My backpack is bigger than Johns.

Dad is taller than all of us.

This painting is more beautiful than that one.

The neighborhood streets are less busy thandowntown streets.


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Prepositions are used with some adjectives. Theadjectives in these examples are printed in color.

Dad was angrywith us.We were afraid ofthe big dog.Shes not veryinterested in sports.John is verygood atdrawing.

Mr. Lee is pleased with our work.The teachers are always kind to us.

Whatswrong with the computer?


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Prepositions are used with some verbs. The verbsin these examples are printed in color.

Im looking formy pencil. Have you seen it?

Can youthink ofanother word for pleased?

Does this book belong to you?

Were listening to CDs.Iagree with you.

Tell me about the show you saw.

Cut the cake into five pieces.

They borrowed money from the bank.


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Prepositions are used with some nouns. Thenouns in these examples are printed in color.

Whats the answer to this question?Is there a reasonforthis delay?

Whats the matter withyou?

Heres an example ofgood behavior.Congratulations onwinning the competition!Traffic can cause damage to the environment.


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1. A cat was sitting _______the roof of my car. (place)2. Some people were talking ___the movie. (time)

3. A man was coming____ us on his bike. (direction)4. The party starts_____ six oclock. (time)5. She put the book ____her bag. (place)6. We walked____ the street to the park. (place)7. She keeps her slippers____ her bed. (place)

8. We always wash our hands ____meals. (time)9. She ran ____the dog because she was frightened.(direction)

TRY TH

IS:


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What is a Conjunction?


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Co-ordinating Conjunctions

And," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so,"or "yet") join individual words,phrases, and .

Note that but" and "for" can also beused as


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Examples

Lilacs andviolets are usually purple.Here, the co-ordinating conjunction"and" links two .

This movie is particularly interestingto feminist film theorists, for thescreenplay was written by Mae West.

Here, the co-ordinating conjunction"for" is used to link two independentclauses.


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Example

Daniel's uncle claimed that he spentmost of his youth dancing on rooftopsand swallowing goldfish.H

ere the co-ordinating conjunction"and" links two("dancing on rooftops" and"swallowing goldfish") which act as

describing the"spends."


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Subordinating Conjunctions

Asubordinating conjunctionintroduces a andindicates the nature of the

relationship among the independentclause(s) and the dependentclause(s).


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The most common subordinatingconjunctions are "after," "although,"

"as," "because," "before," "how," "if,""once," "since," "than," "that,""though," "till," "until," "when,"

"where," "whether," and "while."


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Examples

After she had learned to drive, Alice felt moreindependent.

After" introduces the dependent clause "Aftershe had learned to drive."

Ifthe paperwork arrives on time, your cheque

will be mailed on Tuesday.If" introduces the dependent clause "If thepaperwork arrives on time."


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Example

Gerald had to begin his thesis overagainwhen his computer crashed.

When" introduces the dependent

clause "when his computer crashed."


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Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions always appear inpairs -- you use them to link equivalent sentenceelements. The most common correlativeconjunctions are "both...and," "either...or,"

"neither...nor,", "not only...but also," "so...as,"and "whether...or."


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Example

Both my grandfather and my fatherworked in the steel plant.

In this sentence, the correlativeconjunction "both...and" is used to linkthe two that act as the

of the sentence:"my grandfather" and "my father".


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Example

Bring either a Jello salad or a potato

scallop.

Here the correlative conjunction

"either...or" links two noun phrases:"a Jello salad" and "a potato scallop."


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Example

Corinne is trying to decidewhetherto go to medical school or to go to lawschool.

Whether ... or" links the two"to go to medical

school" and "to go to law school."


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Example

The explosion destroyed not only

the schoolbut also the neighbouringpub.

Not only ... but also" links the two

noun phrases ("the school" and"neighbouring pub") which act as

.


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Adverbs as linking words

The primary consideration inchoosing a connective is obviouslymeaning - what is the logical

relation that needs to be madeexplicit?


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Nevertheless

(=despite this fact)


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However

Jane is very fond of cats.H

owever,she dislikes dogs.

Anne is fond of cats.Her dislike ofdogs, however, is well known.


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Thereby (+ an ing word)

When charged with the crime, the

man nodded his head, therebyadmitting his guilt.

When the traffic lights changed to

red, a taxi stopped suddenly, therebycausing a chain collision whichinvolved five vehicles.


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Whereas (introducing a contrast or

comparison)

John always drinks tea whereas his

sister prefers coffee. Russia is self-sufficient in oil whereas

the U.S.A. is not.


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For example

If she likes, Jane can take up a careeras, for example, law, medicine oraccountancy.

If she is good enough, Jane canprepare for a career. For example, shecan be a doctor, lawyer or accountant.


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AList ofConnectives


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broad

meaning

connective adverbs and

phrases

conjunctions

addition also, too, similarly, in addition, even,

indeed, let alone

and, as, like

opposition however, nevertheless, on the other

hand, in contrast, though,

alternatively, anyway, yet, in fact, even

so

but, or, (al)though,

whereas, while


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broad

meaning

connective adverbs

and phrases

conjunctions

reinforcing besides, anyway, after all

explaining for example, for instance, inother words, that is to say,

i.e., e.g.

in that


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broad

meaning

connective adverbs

and phrases

conjunctions

listing first of all, finally, lastly, forone thing ... for another, in the

first place, to begin with, next,

in sum, to conclude, in anutshell

and

indicating

result

therefore, consequently, as a

result, so, then

because, since, as, for, if,

unless, now (that), so(that), in case, provided

(that), whether ... or ...


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broad meaning connective

adverbs and

phrases

conjunctions

indicating time then, meanwhile, later,afterwards, before (that),

since (then), meanwhile

when, before, after, since,

until, till, while, as, once,

whenever


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Interjections, Prepositions, Conjunctions