International Business Law - Chapter 7

8/16/2019 International Business Law - Chapter 7

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Trade in Goods


2/23

Outline

• History of ContemporaryInternational Trade Law

– Protectionism

– The Bretton Woods Systems

– The 1!" General #$reement on Tari%sand Trade

– &ultilateral Trade 'e$otiations – The (ru$uay )ound


3/23

Outline *cont+d,

• World Trade Or$ani-ation

– The WTO #$reement

– &em.ership of the WTO

– Structure of the WTO

– /ecision &a0in$ with the WTO

– Waiers

– /ispute Settlement

– Trade Policy )eiew


4/23

Outline *cont+d,

• The 1! G#TT – /irect 2%ect

– 'ondiscrimination

–

Protection Only throu$h Tari%s – Transparency

– )e$ional Inte$ration

– Commodity #rran$ements

–

2scape Clause – 23ceptions

– 23port Controls

– Other &ultilateral 23port4Control Pro$rams


5/23

Outline *cont+d,

• &ultilateral Trade #$reements – Customs 5aluation

– Preshipment Inspection

– Technical Barriers to Trade

– Sanitary and Phytosanitary &easures – Trade related inestment measures

– Import4Licensin$ Procedures

– #nti4dumpin$

– Su.sidies and Counterailin$ &easures

– Safe$uards

– #$riculture

– Te3tiles and Clothin$

– )ules of Ori$in


6/23

History of Contemporary

International Trade Law

• Protectionism

• The Bretton Woods Systems – I&6

– World Ban0 *IB)/,

– ITO *now defunct,

• The 1!" General #$reement on Tari%s and Trade – Commit to ne$otiate reductions in customs tari%s and other

impediments to international trade

– &ost4faored nation status

– 'ational treatment

– Transparent

• &ultilateral Trade 'e$otiations

• The (ru$uay )ound


7/23

History of ContemporaryInternational Trade Law *cont+d,

• &ultilateral Trade 'e$otiations – Contractin$ parties re$ularly meet

• )ounds

• 7ennedy round – #$enda

– Techni8ues used

• To0yo round – 'ontari% codes

» Customs 5aluation

» Su.sidies and counterailin$ measures» #nti4dumpin$

» Standards

» Import licensin$

» Goernment procurement


8/23

History of ContemporaryInternational Trade Law *cont+d,

• The (ru$uay )ound

– &eetin$s .etween 19: to 1!

– 2sta.lished the WTO• 1; 1! #$reements on Trade in Goods

• ; TP)& *trade policy reiew mechanisms,


9/23

WTO

• The WTO #$reement

– 6our .asic functions• Implement? administer and carry out WTO

• #ct as forum

• Tri.unal

• )eiew of trade policy

– 'ote@ &em.er States


10/23

WTO *cont+d,

• &em.ership of the WTO

– Current mem.ers


11/23

WTO *cont+d,

• Structure of the WTO

– See chart• &inisterial Conference

• General Council


12/23

WTO *cont+d,

• /ecision &a0in$ with the WTO

– Consensus

– )eadin$ "41


13/23

WTO *cont+d,

• Waiers

– Asystem of loopholes held to$ether .ywaiers

• /ispute Settlement

• Trade Policy )eiew


14/23

The 1! G#TT

• Compare 1!" G#TT ; 1! G#TT

– Le$ally distinct


15/23

The 1! G#TT *cont+d,

• /irect 2%ect

• 'ondiscrimination – &6' )ule

– GSP

– South4South Preferences

– 'ational Treatment )ule


16/23


• Protection Only throu$h Tari%s – Tari%s

– Bound tari% rates

• Transparency• )e$ional Inte$ration

– 6ree trade areas

– Customs unions

• Commodity #rran$ements – Primary commodities

– IPC


17/23


• 2scape Clause – Safe$uards

• 23ceptions – General e3ceptions

– Security e3ceptions

• 23port Controls – Cultural property – 'ational security

– Wassenaar #rran$ement


18/23


• Other &ultilateral 23port4ControlPro$rams

– #ustralia Group

– an$$er Committee

– 'uclear Suppliers Group

– &issile Technolo$y Control )e$ime

– (' #ction to &aintain InternationalPeace


19/23

&ultilateral Trade#$reements

• Customs 5aluation

– Customs 5aluation Code• Transaction alue

• /eductie alue• Computed alue

• /eried alue


20/23

&ultilateral Trade #$reements

*cont+d,

• Preshipment Inspection *PSI,

– #$reement on PSI• #rticle


21/23


*cont+d,

• Technical Barriers to Trade

• Sanitary and Phytosanitary &easures

•

Trade related inestment measures*T)I&s,


22/23


*cont+d,

• Import4Licensin$ Procedures

• #nti4dumpin$

•

Su.sidies and Counterailin$&easures


23/23


*cont+d,

• Safe$uards

• #$riculture

•

Te3tiles and Clothin$• )ules of Ori$in

Documents

International Business Law - Chapter 7