Introd to BRM - Session 1

8/7/2019 Introd to BRM - Session 1

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1/5/2011

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Business Research Met hods

ItsEverywhere!

Dr.Gunjan Malhotra

[email protected]

[email protected]

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Object ives

Toimpartknowledge toevaluateandconduct

researchonmanagementproblems/issues.

Toprovideskillsnecessaryfortheconductof

programmerequirement

Tohighlightimportanceofresearchin

management.

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Scope

The research process Relevance and scope of research

in management, Steps involved in the research process

/ scientific process. Role of research in the industry.

Role of research for managers.

Formulation of a research problemSources of

researc pro ems, managemen emma

management Question research question hierarchy,

how to formulate a research problem? Essentialcharacteristics of research problem

Objectives, variables and hypothesesObjectives of

research, identification and types of variables,

hypotheses, Concept and types.1/5/2011 3

Scope

Relatedliterature Significanceandsourcesofrelatedliterature,reviewingofliterature,References and referencingsystems,bibliography.Researchparadigms

significance,Typesofresearchdesignsexploratory,descriptive,(surveyandcasestudymethods),Explanatory(expostfactoandexperimental)Factorsaffectinginternalandexternalvalidityofexperiments.

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Scope

ThesamplingprocessSampling types probabilityandnonprobability,Samplingerror,nonsamplingerrors,samplesizeconfidenceintervalanddetermination ofsamplesize.

Toolsandtechniquesofdatacollection Validityandreliabilityoftools.Quantitativetoolsquestionnaire, DatagatheringScales:rankingandratingscales,Constructionpsychometrictools. Qualitativetechniques interviewsfocusgroups,participantandnonparticipantobservation. Primaryandsecondarysourcesofdata,Useoflibraryandtheinternetsourcesforcollectionofdata,dataclustering.

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Scope

Applicationofdataanalysistechniques Typesofdata

nominal,ordinal,intervalandratioconditionsondatafor

theuseofparametricandnonparametricTests.Hypothesis,

Typesofhypothesis,testingofhypothesischisquaretest,t

test,Ztest,Ftest.Multivariateanalysis,clusteranalysis,

discriminant analysis,correlationandregressionanalysis,

, .

betweenthetypeofdataandthestatisticaltechniquesto

beused. UseofSPSSindataanalysis

ResearchproposalSignificanceandpreparationofa

researchproposal.

ReportwritingMechanicsofreportwriting

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Researc h In Business: WhyStudy Research?

Researchisadiligentenquiryandcarefulsearchfornewknowledgethroughsystematic,scientificandanalytical

.Thesearchofknowledgealsohelpstoaccept,reject,ormodifyexistingfactsofknowledge.

Researchaimstoextend,collectorverifyknowledge.

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Business Research

Systematicandorganizedefforttoinvestigate

aspecificproblemencounteredinthework

setting,thatneedsasolution.

Systematicandorganizedprocessof

collecting,recordingandanalyzingdatatoaid

inbusinessdecisionmakingprocess.

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CompetitiveCompetitive

EnvironmentEnvironment

PoliticalPolitical

andLegalandLegal


EconomicEconomic


The Envi ronments t ha t a f fec t Research in

Business

9

TechnologicalTechnological

EnvironmentEnvironmentNaturalNatural


SocialSocial


Business

Strategy

ustomer

Valueand

Behavior

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Why study Researc h?

Researchprovidesyouwiththeknowledge

andskillsneededforthefastpaceddecision

makingenvironment.

Helpsfocusdecisionmaking

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Why should a m anager know

research? Facilitatesgooddecisionmaking.

Becomediscriminating aboutresearchfindings.

Preventsvestedinterests

Educatestosharepertinentandrelevantinformation

withresearcher

Helpstakecalculativeriskswithprobabilities

attached.

Understandthecomplexityofthevariablesin

organization.

Anintegralpartofprofessionalization of

management.1/5/2011 11

The Value o f Acqu i r ing

Researc h Sk i l ls

Togathermoreinformationbeforeselectinga

courseofaction

Todoahighlevelresearchstudy

oun ers an researc es gn

Toevaluateandresolveacurrentmanagement

dilemma

Toestablishacareerasaresearchspecialist

Tosolvecurrentbusinessproblemsthrough

research.1/5/2011 12


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Major Topic s for Researc h in

Business GeneralBusinessConditionsandCorporateResearch

FinancialandAccountingResearch

ManagementandOrganizationalBehaviorResearch

EnvironmentalResearch

InternationalResearch

SalesandMarketingResearch

InformationSystemsResearch

IndustrialResearch

CorporateResponsibilityResearch

GovernmentPolicies1/5/2011 13

Researc h Areas in Business

Employeebehaviorssuchasperformance, absenteeism, and

turnover.

Employeeattitudessuchasjobsatisfaction,loyalty,and

organizational commitment.

Humanresourcemanagementchoicesandorganizational

strategy.

Thedynamicsofratingandratingerrorsinthejudgmentof

humanperformance.

Strategyformulationsandimplementation.

Brandloyalty,productlifecycle,andproductinnovation.

Updatingpoliciesandproceduresinkeepingwithlatest

governmentregulationsandorganizational changes.

Consumercomplaints.1/5/2011 14

Productpositioning,productmodification,andnewproduct

development.

Costofcapital,valuationoffirms,dividendpolicies,and

investmentdecisions.

Riskmanagement,exchangeratefluctuations,foreigninvestment,

exportsandimports,regionalcooperation's.

Advancedmanufacturingtechnologiesandinformationsystems.

, , .

Environmentalmanagementintheorganizations.

Completionofthefirmswithforeigncountriesintermsofa

particularindustry.

Development ofeffectivecostaccounting procedures.

Keepingaheadofthecompetitioninthenewmillennium.

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Applied/Action research

Dealswiththeproblemstobesolved

Types o f Business Research

Basic/Pure/Fundamental research -Dealswiththetheoreticalaspectsof

knowledge

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Appl ied Research Undertakentosolveexistingproblems.

Withtheintentionofapplyingtheresultsofthefindingstosolvespecificproblemscurrentlybeingexperiencedbytheorganization.

Undertaketoanswerquestionsaboutspecificproblems,or,

Tomakedecisionaboutparticularcourseofactionorpolicydecision.

Currentproblemfacedbythemanagerinthework

setting,demandingatimelysolution.

Conductedwhenadecisionmustbemadeabouta

specificreallifeproblem.1/5/2011 17

Appl ied Researc h Ex ample s

Aparticularproductmaynotbesellingwellandthemanager

mightwanttofindthereasonsforthisinordertotake

correctiveaction.

ShouldMcDonaldsaddItalianpastadinnerstoitsmenu?

BusinessresearchtoldMcDonaldsitshouldnot?

ShouldProcter&Gambleaddahighpricedhometeeth

bleachingkittoitsproductline?

ResearchshowedCrestWhitestripswouldsellwellataretail

priceof$44.

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Pure Researc h

Generating

scientific

knowledge

for

future

use. Intendedtoexpandtheboundaryof

knowledgeortoverifytheacceptabilityofa

.

Toenhancetheunderstandingofcertain

problemsthatcommonlyoccurin

organizationalsettings,andseekmethodof

solvingthem.

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Basic Research Exam ple

Auniversityprofessormaybeinterested ininvestigatingthe

factorsthatcontributetoabsenteeismasamatterofmere

academicinterest.

Isexecutivesuccesscorrelated withhighneedfor

achievement?

Aremembersofhighlycohesiveworkgroups moresatisfied

thanmembersoflesscohesiveworkgroups?

Doconsumersexperiencecognitivedissonanceinlow

involvement situations?1/5/2011 20

Use of Research for Manager

Decisionmaking.

Knowledgeofresearchnotonlyhelpsthe

researchertolookattheresearcherin

otherways.

Ex:Cont.onnextslide.

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Some Exam ples

Interacteffectivelywiththeresearchconsultant.

Youasamanagercandifferentiatebetweenagoodandbadstudypublishedinprofessionaljournals.

Ifdesired oucanundertaketosolvearesearchproblem.

Helpsindecisionmaking:

Gatheringcriticalissues.Analyzingdata

Implementingrightcourseofaction.

Identifycriticalissues

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RESEARCH AS A

SCIENT IFI C PROCESS

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Sc ien t i f i c Method Theanalysisandinterpretationofempirical

evidence(factsfromobservationorexperimentation)toconfirmordisprovepriorconceptions.

Characteristics:Purposiveness Rigor Testability Replicability Precision&Confidence Objectivity Generalizability Parsimony

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Howemployeescommitmentto

theorganizationcanbe

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Steps of Research

Identificationofaproblem Theoreticalframework

Hypotheses

Toolconstruction

Datacollection

Dataanalysis

ConclusionGeneralization

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Business Researc h Proc ess

Step1: DefiningtheProblem

Step2: DevelopinganApproachtotheProblem

Ste 3: Formulatin aResearchDesi n

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Step4: DoingFieldWorkorCollectingData

Step5: PreparingandAnalyzingData

Step6: PreparingandPresentingtheReport

Managers and research:

Why?

Identifyandeffectivelysolveminorproblemsinwork

setting.

Knowhowtodifferentiategoodfrombadresearch.

Take calculative risk in decision makin

Preventpossiblevestedinterestfromexercisingtheir

influence

in

a

situation. Relatetohiredresearchersandconsultantsmore

effectively.

CombineexperiencewithScientificknowledgewhile

makingdecisions.1/5/2011 28

Business Research: When?

Timeconstraints

Availabilityofdata

Natureofthedecision

Benefitsversuscosts

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Is sufficient time

available before

a managerial

decision

must be made?

Is the infor-

mation already

on hand

inadequate

for making

th d cision?

Is the decision

of considerable

strategic

or tactical

importance?

Does the value

of the research

information

exceed the cost

of conducting

r s arch?

Conducting

Business

Research

Time ConstraintsAvailability of Data

Nature of the DecisionBenefitsvs. Costs

Yes YesYesYes

Deter mi n ing When Business

Research shou ld be conduct ed

Business Research should not be Conducted

No No No No

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Value

Decreasedcertainty

Increasedlikelihoodof

acorrectdecision

CostsResearch

expenditures

Delayofbusiness

decisionandpossible

Value Should Exc eed

Est im ated Costs

Improvedbusiness

performanceand

resultinghigherprofits

sc osureo

informationtorivals

Possibleerroneous

researchresults

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In ter na l Researcher s

Advantages Betteracceptancefromstaff

Knowledgeaboutorganisation

Wouldbeanintegralpartofimplementation and

evaluationoftheresearchrecommendations.

Disadvantages Lessfreshideas

Powerpoliticscouldprevail

Possibilitynotvaluedasexpertsbystaff

Ext ernal Researcher s

Advantages Divergentandconvergentthinking

Experiencefromseveralsituationsindifferenttypesoforganizations.

e er ec n ca ra n ng,usua y.

Disadvantages

Takes

time

to

know

and

understand

the

organizational

system

Rapportandcooperation fromstaffnoteasy

Notavailableforevaluationafterimplementation

costs

Comm on Research areas in

Business

GeneralBusinessconditionandcorporate

research

FinancialandaccountingResearch

ManagementandOBresearch

Salesandmarketingresearch

Informationsystemresearch

Corporateresponsibility research

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ThankYou

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Documents

Introd to BRM - Session 1