INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY AUDIT

ELECTRICAL ENGINEER VIKAS KUMAR PATHAKCONTACT NO:- 09467871809, 0889617157EMAIL ID :- KUMARVIKASM786@GMAIL.COM (OFFICIAL) , VVVJOHNTIGER@GMAIL.COM ( FACEBOOK) INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY AUDIT

AUDIT2/5/20142It is an evaluation of a person, organization, system process, enterprise, project or product. It includes quality management , water management, and energy conservation.

AUDITING 2/5/20143It is defined as a systematic and independent examination of data statements , records , operations, and performance of an enterprise for a purpose.

ENERGY AUDITS2/5/20144Energy audits can be defined as the first steps towards understanding how energy is being used in given facility . Energy audit is a systematic study or survey to identify how energy is being used in a building or plant, and identifies energy savings opportunities. Energy audits do not provide the final answer to problems . But it is helpful to identify the improvement. In India 48% of the total commercial energy consumption.

STAGES OF ENERGY AUDITS2/5/20145

NEED OF ENERGY AUDITS2/5/20146Minimizing energy wastage.Optimizing energy efficiency with suitable technology.Using the most appropriate energy resources (for examples electricity , fossil fuels, and renewable), with due to regards to environmental benefits.Buying energy at most economical price.

NEED OF ENERGY AUDITS2/5/20147Modifying operations , whenever feasible, to make the use of energy price structures.Involvement , training , and raising awareness of staff.Continuous monitoring to ensure that energy use remains within predetermined limits.

ENERGY AUDITOR2/5/20148Energy auditor who will be allowed to conduct the mandatory audit under the energy conservation act 2001.Responsibilities and duties of accredited energy auditor are highlighted below:-Carryout a detailed energy audit.Quantify energy consumption and establish base line energy information.

ENERGY AUDITOR2/5/20149Construct energy and material balance.Perform efficiency evaluation of energy & utility system.Compare energy norms with existing energy consumption level.Identify and prioritizations of energy saving norms.Analyse technical and financial feasibility of energy saving measures.

ENERGY AUDITOR2/5/201410Recommend energy efficient technologies and alternate energy sources.Report writing , presentation and follow up the implementation.

ENERGY MANAGERS2/5/201411Certified energy manager is a professional certification issued by the association of energy engineer.Professional becomes eligible for this certification after demonstrating expertise in several areas ranging from standard, air quality energy audits, lighting , procurement and even financing.

WORKING AREA OF ENERGY MANAGERS2/5/201412Codes and standards and indoor air quality.Energy accounting and economics.Energy audits and instrumentation.Alternative financeBoiler and steam systems.Building automation and control system.Building envelope.C HP Systems and renewable energy.

WORKING AREA OF ENERGY MANAGERS2/5/201413Electrical system.Energy procurement.Green building, LEED and Energy star.HVAC system.Industrial system.Maintain and commissioning.Motor and drives.Thermal energy storage systems.Lighting systems.

ENERGY AUDITING FOR INDUSTRIES2/5/201414The following sectors have been identified as energy intensive industries, and other establishments as designated consumers.AluminiumFertilizersIron and steelCementPulp and paperChlor-alkaliSugarTextileChemicalsRailwaysPort trust Transport sectors ( industries and services)Petrochemicals, gas crackers, naphtha crackers and petroleum refineriesThermal power generation , hydro power generation , and electricity transmission distributionCommercial buildings and establishment s

ENERGY AUDITING FOR INDUSTRIES2/5/201415Among the above industries , the units having a connected load of 5 MW (mega watts) and above or an energy consumption of about 30,000 tonnes of oil equivalent per year, would be notified.For commercial building , these values are a connected load of 500 KW (kilo watts) or contract demand of 600 kVA (kilovolt ampere) and above.These industrial units would have to get energy audits conducted by accredited auditors , and implement the recommendations, , which are techno- economically viable.

Benefits of energy audit for energy savings potentials in industries:- 2/5/201416 INDUSTRY Saving Potential %

Iron and Steel10Fertilizer15Textile25Cement15Paper25Aluminum10Sugar,PetrochemicalsRefineries201510

Potential for Energy Conservation Commercial Sector:-2/5/201417End-UseSaving estimate %

LightingUp to 50

CoolingUp to 50

Ventilation50

Heating15 - 40

Refrigeration15 - 40Water Heating40 - 60Miscellaneous10 - 30

Potential for Energy Conservation Residential Sector:-2/5/201418End UseSaving estimate %

Lighting20 - 50

Cooling / Ventilation15 -50

Refrigeration15 - 40

Water heating equipment20 -70

Miscellaneous Equipment10

Areas covered under Electrical audit are:-2/5/201419Electrical System : Electrical Distribution system (substation & feeders study) PF Improvement study Capacitor performance Transformer optimization Cable sizing & loss reduction Motor loading survey Lighting system Electrical heating & melting furnaces Electric ovens

Areas covered under Mechanical audit are :-

2/5/201420 Mechanical System : - Fans & Blowers Exhaust & ventilation System Pumps and pumping System Compressed air System Air Conditioning & Refrigeration System Cooling Tower System

Areas covered under Thermal energy audit are :-

2/5/201421Thermal energy system :- Steam Generation Boilers Steam Audit and Conversation Steam Trap Survey Condensate Recovery System Insulation Survey Energy and Material Balance for Unit operation Heat Exchanger Waste Heat Recovery System

Focus of Govt. Of india through energy audit on energy conservation and energy efficient technologies and products :-2/5/201422 BEE (Bureau of energy efficiency ) has done tremendous work in creating awareness on energy conservation , establishing case studies for different industries , promoting innovative financing mechanisms for energy efficiency projects , energy labelling , accrediting organizations for energy audits , and conducting examinations for accrediting the energy auditors and energy managers.

Focus of Govt. Of india through energy audit on energy conservation and energy efficient technologies and products :-2/5/201423CPRI (central power research institute) has been carrying out energy audit & energy conservation studies since 1988 and have completed energy audit in:-75 power stations70 energy intensive industries60 majors buildings 10 ports

Focus of Govt. Of india through energy audit on energy conservation and energy efficient technologies and products :-2/5/201424The govt. Efforts for energy conservation are also supplemented by the NPC ( national productivity council), NGOs like TERI ( the energy resources institute), and industries associations such as ASSOCHAM , CII , FICCI and PHDCCI.

TYPES OF ENERGY AUDIT2/5/201425Energy audit can be categorized into two types, namely walk-through or preliminary and detail audit. Walk-through or preliminary auditDetailed Energy audit

Walk-through or preliminary audit2/5/201426Walk-through or preliminary audit comprises one day or half-day visit to a plant and the output is a simple report based on observation and historical data provided during the visit. The findings will be a general comment based on rule-of-thumbs, energy best practices or the manufacturer's data. This audit can be divided into three steps :-Step1 :- identifies the quantity and cost of various energy forms used in the plant .Step 2:-identifies energy consumption at the department /process level.Step3 :- relates energy inputs to production ( output),there by highlighting energy wastage in major equipment /processes.

Detail energy audit or general energy audit2/5/201427Detail audit is carried out for the energy savings proposal recommended in walk-through or preliminary audit. It will provide technical solution options and economic analysis for the factory management to decide project implementation or priority. A feasibility study will be required to determine the viability of each option.Under this audit are focused on energy saving , energy balance of major energy consuming equipment, replacement proposals. The duration of this audit for study a project / plant lies between 3 months to a year.

Energy Services Companies (ESCOS)2/5/201428Energy services companies (ESCOs) are single point providers of energy solutions to the industry. ESCOs are to carry out energy audits, identify the feasible options for saving energy, arrange finance and implement energy efficiency projects. This would help understand energy needs of industrial clients and come up with solutions that can be implemented without the clients incurring production losses. Therefore ESCOs allow clients to minimize financial risks associated with energy efficiency projects. However, the growth of ESCOs has not taken off in India, primarily because industries are wary of fly-by-night operators who are only keen to maximize their profits without sufficient dedication to services they would provide. While for ESCOs problems of establishing baselines would make risks associated with energy efficiency projects high.

Internal audit 2/5/201429Internal auditingis an independent, objectiveassuranceandconsultingactivity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations.It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectivenessofrisk management,control, andgovernanceprocesses.Internal auditors work for government agencies (federal, state and local); for publicly traded companies; and for non-profit companies across all industries. Internal auditing departments are led by aChief Audit Executive("CAE") who generally reports to theAudit Committeeof theBoard of Directors.

External (Statutory) Audit2/5/201430 All companies registered in India are required to get their Financial Statements audited by Chartered Accountants under the Indian Companies Act.These audits are undertaken in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards and guidelines issued from time to time by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.Additionally, Companies which have a turnover over a specified amount are also required to have their records audited by Chartered Accountants under the Indian Income Tax Act.

External vs. Internal Auditing2/5/201431External auditing is often called independent auditing because it is done by certified public accountants who are independent of the organization being audited.External auditors represent the interests of third-party stakeholders in the organization, such as stockholders, creditors, and government agencies.Because the focus of external audit is on financial statements, this type of audit is called financial auditInstitute of Internal Auditors defines internal auditing as an independent appraisal function established within an organization to examine and evaluate its activities

External vs. Internal Auditing2/5/201432Internal auditors perform a wide range of activities on behalf of the organization, including conducting financial audits, examining an operations compliance with organizational policies, reviewing the organizations compliance with legal obligations, evaluating operational efficiency, detecting and pursuing fraud within the firm, and conducting IT audits.While external auditors represent outsiders, internal auditors represent the interests of the organization.Internal auditors often cooperate with and assist external auditors in performing financial audits. This is done to achieve audit efficiency and reduce audit fees. For example, a team of internal auditors can perform tests of computer controls under the supervision of a single external auditor.

Information Technology (IT) Audit2/5/201433Focus on the computer-based aspects of an organizations information systemThis includes assessing the proper implementation, operation, and control of computer resources

Investment grade energy audit (IGEA )2/5/201434It is a process of accounting & analyzing the present energy consumption to identify potential energy saving possibilities through implementation and adoption of specific energy efficient methods, measures and technologies.Objective of IGEA :- The main objective of the investment grade energy audit is to review the present energy consumption scenario, monitoring and analysis of use of energy and explore the energy consumption options in various load centres of the building including submission of a detailed project report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis . Under a BEE funded project IGEA of 26 selected government office buildings and establishments have been conducted in last 2 years.

Industrial energy audit2/5/201435Industrial energy audit have exploded as the demand to lower increasingly expensive energy costs and moves towards a sustainable future have made energy audits greatly improvement .Area under the industrial energy audit :-Comprehensive audits of all sectors of industries:-Energy (electrical & thermal)WaterElectrical safety Capacity building

Benefits of industrial energy audit2/5/201436Energy savingsAvoiding power factor penalties and environmental compliance costQuality improvementProductivity improvementReduced maintainsFewer breakdownBetter safety and protectionA process for repeatable improvement

Utility (services) energy audit2/5/201437Industry research indicates that 6-10 % of utility bills have errors that can amount of millions of dollors in unnecessary expenses. Companies are challenged to avoid these costly billing mistakes across facilities serviced by various utility companies , identifying and corresponding errors can yield immediate savings.Benefits of bill auditing services:-Comprehensive analysis that establishes bare lines and identifies overbillings.On going monitoring of billing to avoid costly errors.Communication with client on a regular basis , outlining progress to update and up coming activities.

ISO standards for energy audit2/5/201438Iso 9001 : 2008 quality management systemIso 14001 :2004 environmental management systemsOHSAS 18001 Occupational health and safety management systemsIso 22000 food safetyIso TS/16949 :2002 quality management system for design and development , production.Iso 50001 energy management Iso 50001 :2011 energy management system

Commercial Energy Audit2/5/201439The term energy audit appears to refer to two distinct things: An energy audit is the process of having a professional energy auditor assess your building for energy savings opportunities. . The term energy audit also is used to refer to the result of the energy assessment process, the energy audit report. We will try to keep these terms separate by referring to the report as an energy audit report.A commercial energy audit is a comprehensive building analysis performed by a professional architecture or engineering firm. The firm audits the entire building to determine machines that use energy (like lighting, boilers, AC units, water heaters, etc.) and any installed measures working to conserve it (like the insulation, air sealing, and windows). The audit usually takes between 2-4 weeks to complete

HOME or residential ENERGY AUDIT2/5/201440A home energy audit (or survey) evaluates an existing home to determine where and how energy is being lost, what systems are operating inefficiently and what cost-effective improvements can be implemented to enhance occupant comfort, make the home more durable and lower utility costsArea includes under residential energy audit :-Building envelope features (windows, doors, insulation, ducts) and agesHeating, cooling and ventilation equipment types, characteristics and agesAppliance and lighting characteristicsComfort complaintsVisible moisture issuesVisible health and safety issues

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