Introduction to GIS Mapping and ArcGIS 9.2 Software

7/30/2019 Introduction to GIS Mapping and ArcGIS 9.2 Software

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Introduction to GIS Mapping and ESRIs ArcGIS Software

Objectivesn this exercise you are introduced to the ArcMap interface and some of the basic skills necessary to begin exploring geospatiaata and create simple maps. Once you have successfully completed this part of the tutorial, you should know:

How to open ArcMap and a Map Document (.mxd) How to examine your spatial data using ArcCatalog

How to add spatial data to your Map Document

How to add tabular data to a Map Document andturn it into spatial data

How to join tabular data to geographic boundary files

The difference between Data View and Layout View

How to label Map Features How to alter Map Feature Symbology

How to add essential Map Elements (North ArrowLegend, etc) for effective map creation

How to modify the properties of a data frame.

How to set relative pathnames to allow you to moand share your Map Projects

How to export your map to PDF and JPG

Getting Ready for the Tutorial

Sign Up for the GIS-L ListservThe Yale University GIS-L Listserv is an internal Universitymessage system, devoted to GIS use and issues at Yale.The list is the primary source for updates on software andcense server issues, data acquisitions and workshopnnouncements. All GIS users are encourages to sign upor the list. The GIS-L list is very lightly used, so that you

will not be overwhelmed with messages that are notelevant to you.

1. In your Web Browser, Go To the Map CollectionWebsite, at www.library.yale.edu/maps

2. Under the Quick Links section on the right,, Clickon the Sign up for the Yale GIS-L Mailing Listlink to go to the GIS-L registration page.

3. EnteryourEmail Address and Choose aPassword.

Note: We suggest that you not select the Daily Digestfeature.

4. Clickon the Subscribe Button to finish.

You should receive a confirmation email shortly afterward, with instruction on how to use the GIS-L list.

Download the DataThe datasets used in this tutorial are available for download on the Map Collection Website. Feel free to download and use thutorial materials, as you wish, and to pass them along to interested colleagues.

1. Return to the Map Collection Homepage, in yourWeb Browser.

The Yale Map Collection

At Sterling Memorial Library130 Wall Street, Room 707

Stacey Maples GIS Assistant

203-432-8269 / [email protected]/maps
http://www.library.yale.edu/mapshttp://www.library.yale.edu/maps


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2. Under the Quick Links Section on the right, Clickon theDownload Gis Workshop Materials link.

3. Findthe Data Link for the ArcGIS 9.2 Introduction ToGIS Mapping And ESRIs Arcgis Software and Right-Clickon the Link.

4. In Firefox, SelectSave Link As, in Internet Explorer,SelectSave Target As

5. Depending on your browser and setup, you may be offereda Browse Window, to select the folder into which you wantthe downloaded file placed. If so, Browse to a Folderonyour hard drive that you have write permission for. For thistutorial, we will assume that you are using the C:\tempfolder of the machine you are working on.

6. Clickingon the Create New Folder Button, Createa New Folder, using your initials as the name of the folder, so that you end up with a full path something like:C:\temp\your_initials\

7. Save the Downloaded File to this New Folder.

Unzip the DataYou should now have a file called 01-Introduction to ArGIS_92.zip in your new folder. It is nowecessary to decompress, or unzip, the tutorial data for use. Note that in Microsoft Windows XP and

Vista, it is possible to Explore a compressed file, as if it were a folder. ArcMap does not support thisype of browsing, so it is necessary to actually unzip the file for use. This part of the tutorial assumes thatou are using Windows built in Compressed File support.

1. Browse into the Folderwhere you saved the 01-Introduction to ArcGIS_92.zip file.

2. Right-Clickon the File and SelectExtract All

3. ClickNext to arrive at the window shown at theright.

4. Under File Will Be Extracted To ThisDirectory: Remove the \01-Introduction toArcGIS_92\ part of the Path Name (this isredundant, as the zip file contains a directorystructure of its own).

5. ClickNext to Extractthe File.

6. Once the extraction has completed, you can

UncheckView Extracted Files and ClickFinish.

Explore the Data in Windows ExplorerNow you will take a look at the data you have extracted, using Windows Explorer. This part of the tutorial is designed toamiliarize you with the difference between how Windows recognized common spatial dataset filetypes, and how ArcGISecognizes them.

1. Browse into the extracted C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\ Data\ Shapefile\ Folder.






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You should now see a number of different files, some of whichhave the same filename, but with different extensions (Windowsdoesnt always show file extensions for known filetypes, such asdbf, or shp, in some cases).

2. If necessary, Clickon the Name Field Headerin theExplorer Window to Sortthe files By Name.

What is critical to recognize about the contents of this folder is that allof the files with the same filename are actually part of a singleshapefile. The shapefile is ESRI proprietary vector data format.

The fact that it is called a shapefile can cause some confusion, sinceis actually a collection of files.

Explore the Data in ArcCatalogNow you will take a look at the same data using the ArcGIS version ofWindows Explorer, which is designed to interact with these types ofpatial data filetypes.

1. Go To Start>Programs>ArcGIS> and Launch theArcCatalog program.

2. Using the Catalog Tree Panel, at the left side of theArccatalog application window, Browse to yourC:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\ Data\Shapefile\ Folder.

3. Make Sure that the Contents Tab at the top of theCatalog Display on the right side of the ArcCatalogApplication Window is active.

Note the difference in how ArcCatalog and Windows displayhapefiles. ArcCatalog knows that a shapefile is actually a collection

of files, as so it only shows you a single file, where Windows Explorerhowed all of the files. You should always use ArcCatalog for Moving,

Deleting, Copying, etc any spatial data files, for this reason. UsingArcCatalog for these tasks prevents critical parts of the spatial data files from being left out and rendered useless.

4. Clickon the Railroad Layerin the Catalog Tree, on the left.

5. Clickon the Preview Tab, at the top of the Catalog Display, to Previewthe Data in this layer.

6. Clickon the Metadata Tab, at the top of the Catalog Display, to Viewinformation about this shapefile.

ntroduction to the ArcMap Data View

Opening ArcMap & Getting Familiar

1. In the Arccatalog Catalog Tree, Scrollto the bottom of the Folder Group you arecurrently browsing and find the Intro_To_ArcgisFile. This is the Map Document(Intro_to_ArcGIS.mxd) that we will start the tutorial with.

2. Double-Clickon the Intro_to_ArcGIS.mxd to LaunchArcmap and Open the Map Document.






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You should now see something like what is shown above (dont worry about the little red exclamation marks, yet). Take a feweconds to familiarize yourself with the ArcMap interface.

The Main Menu should be familiar to anyone who uses Microsoft Windows software. It is where you perform basfile and document editing functions.

The Table of Contents is the area where your data layers will be listed and where you can interact with and alter properties of individual layers.

The Add Data Button is located on the Standard Toolbar and opens a dialog box that allows new layers toadded to the Table of Contents and Map Document. It should not be confused with the Open Document button,which is located on the same toolbar, but is not unique to ArcMap.

The Map Display is the area where your map data will be displayed.

The Tools Toolbarcontains a series of tools that operate on the data displayed in the Map Document Window

The View Toolbarchanges between the Data View and Layout View of the Map Document.





Table ofContents

MapDisplay

MainMenu

StandardToolbar

ToolsToolbar

View

Toolbar

MapDisplay

Data Layers


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Repairing Broken Data LinksWhen you opened the Intro_to_ArcGIS.mxd file, you might have noticed that there were several data layers listed in theTable of Contents Panel, but that these layers had little red exclamation marks superimposed upon the checkboxes nextthem. ArcMap Map Documents do not actually contain the data that they display. Instead, to save storage, and preventmultiple copies of a single dataset from proliferating within a single document, ArcMap refers to the data, using what arereferred to as absolute paths. This means that the locations of the data layers in this Intro_to_ArcGIS.mxd Map Documare referred to using the full path (i.e. C:\2007_GIS_Workshops\01-Introduction_to_ArcGIS\Data\Shapefile) whichhappens to no longer be valid for the datasets in this project, since we downloaded the project from a web server, and

extracted the files to ourC:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\ folder. There are ways to prevent this fromhappening, which will be covered later in the tutorial, but for now, you simply need to tell ArcMap where to find the data thits layers are looking for.

1. Right-Clickon the Area_of_Interest_polygon_polygon Layer, which is the first layer in the Table Of ContentsPanel.

2. In the resulting Context Menu, go to Data>Repair Data Source

3. Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction toArcGIS\Data\Shapefile\ Folderand SelecttheArea_of_Interest_polygon_polygon.shp shapefile.

4. ClickAdd to Repairthe Data Source.

You should be left with something that looks similar to the ArcMapwindow below. Note that when all of the data sources are in theame folder, ArcMap will repair all of the broken links in the Map

Document.






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Adding Data fromArcCatalog

1. BringArcCatalog back to the frontyour Windows Desktop, but move it sothat you can still see the ArcMapTable Of Contents Panel.

2. From the Catalog Tree Panel, Click-And-Dragthe following shapefilesfrom the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction toArcGIS\Data\ShapefileFolderto the

ArcMap Table Of Contents Panel:

CT_State_wo_Boundary

CT_Towns

Hydrography_Polygon

RailroadYou should be left with something similar tohe image below (ArcMap applies symbology colors randomly, so your color scheme may differ)

Visibility & Working in the Table of ContentsNote that, depending on exactly where you dropped the layers in the Table of ContentsPanel, some of your data may be obscured, and is almost certainly not in the best order ofisplay.






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1. Checkthe Checkboxes next to the Two Layers (municipalproperty andDEPProperty) that are Unchecked.

Note that the checkboxes determine whether the layer is visible, or not.






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Navigation Tools in the Data View

1. Selectthe Zoom In Tool from the Tools Toolbar.

2. Draga Box across the Central Part of the Map DisplayPanel to ZoomInto the Data View.

3. Clickon the Back To Previous Extent Button toReturn to the Previous Map Display View.

4. Clickon the Fixed Zoom Out Button to Zoom Outof yourMap Display at fixedintervals.

5. Selectthe Pan Tool from the Tools Toolbarand use it to Move yourMap Display.

6. Clickon the Full Extent Button to Zoom Outto the extent of the Layerin yourMapDocument with the largest extent.

7. Right-Clickon the Area_of_Interest_polygon_polygon Layerand SelectZoom To Layer from the Context Men

8. Finally, on the Main Menu, Go To View>Bookmarks>Create to Create a Bookmark, called Main View, of the currenextent of yourMap Display.

Working with Tabular DataNot all data that you will use in GIS Analysis will come in an explicitly spatial data format. That is, some data may come intabular form, as a table of attribute records that pertain to some spatial feature or phenomenon. Many times, this data may hpatial data included as an attribute (for instance you may obtain a table of Toxic Release sites, with Latitude Longitude

Coordinates as attribute fields). Here, you will learn how to add tabular data, display it and subset to the portion of the datase

re interested in.

Adding a Table & Displaying XY Coordinates

1. Clickon the Add Data Button and Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\Tabular\Folder.

2. Double-Clickon the USGS_Geographic_Names.xlsFile.

ArcMap treats XLS Files as if they were folders, within which, spreadsheets areontained. If you try to open an .xls file in ArcMap, you will get an error. Instead, you

must browse into the file and select the worksheet you wish to add to your MapDocument.

3. Selectthe USGS_Geographic_Names$ worksheet and ClickAdd toAdditto yourMap Document.

Note that the Source Tab in the Table of Contents is now active, and this new dataayer is visible there, but there has been no change in the Map Displaywindow. This isbecause the data you have added is a table, rather than a shapefile and it does not yethave an explicit geographic display.






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4. Right-Clickon the USGS_Geographic_Names$ Table and Open it.

Note that there are a number of attribute fields for the features in this table. Most importantly, there are numeric fields withLatitude & Longitude Coordinates in Decimal Degrees that we can use to display this data.

5. Close the USGS_Geographic_Names$ Table.

6. Right-Clickon the USGS_Geographic_Names$ Table in the Table Of Contents Panel and SelectDisplay XyCoordinates.

7. Under Coordinate System Of Input Coordinates, Clickon the Edit Button.

8. In the resulting Spatial Reference Properties Dialog, Clickon the Select Button.

9. Browse to Geographic Coordinate Systems>North America>North American Datum 1983.prj, Selectit and ClickAdd.

10. ClickOk Twice to Displaythe Coordinates.

You will be warned that the resulting layer does not contain Object-IDs andyou will be restricted in what you can do with it.

11. ClickOk, since we will remedy this problem, next.

12. Right-Clickon the USGS_Geographic_Names$ Events Layerand GoTo Data>Export Data.

13. In the resulting Export Data Dialog, Change the Use The SameCoordinate System As: to The Data Frame.

This is a shortcut to projecting your data to the same projection as the rest of thedata in this Map Document.

14. Browse to yourC:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\Data\Shapefile

Folderand Save the New Shapefile asUSGS_Geographic_Names.shp. ClickS

15. ClickOk to Exportthe Data.

16. When prompted whether you want to add texported data as a layer, ClickYes.

17. Right-Clickon the originalUsgs_Geographic_Names$ Events Layeand SelectRemove.

18. Remove the USGS_Geographic_Names$

Table, also.

19. Clickon the Display Tab, at the bottom of Table Of Contents Panel.






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Subsetting Using Select by Attributes1. Right-Clickon the new USGS_Geographic_Names Layerand Open The

Attribute Table.

2. Clickon the Option Button of the Attribute Table and Go To Select ByAttributes.

3. In the Select By Attributes Dialog, Make Sure that Create New Selectiois the Method.

4. Double-Clickon [CLASS] in the Fields Box.

5. Clickon the Equals (=) Button toAddit to the Selection Argument.

6. ClickGet Unique Values, and Double-Click school from the results.

7. Make Sure that yourSelection Argument is: [CLASS] = school

8. Clickthe Verify Button to verify the query syntax (not really necessary here, but complex queries on large datasets c

crash ArcMap if the syntax is invalid). ClickOk.

9. Clickthe Apply Button, and then ClickClose.

10. Close the Attribute Table.

You should see that some of your points in the USGS_Geographic_Names$ Events Layer are now highlighted bright blue. Thmeans that you have an active selection.

11. As you did previously, Right-Clickon the USGS_Geographic_Names Layerand Go ToData>Export Data.

Notice that now, the Export: drop-down is set to Selected Features. This is something of a universal in ArcGIS. Anytime yohave an active selection in a layer and you apply some tool (Export, ArcToolbox Tools, Calculate Fields, etc) to that layer, th

processing is done ONLY TO THE ACTIVE SELECTION. This can be a powerful tool, but can also be the source of frustratioyou are getting unexpected or quirky results from a process, always check to see if you have a forgotten active selection by goo the Main Menu>Selection>Clear Selected Features.

12. Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\ Data\Shapefile Folderand name the new fileSchools.shp.

13. ClickSave.

14. Leave the Coordinate System as the Default this time and ClickOk.

15. Addthe Exported Data as a layer when prompted.

16. On the Main Menu, Go To Selection>Clear Selected Features, toClearthe Selection.






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Working with Spatial Data

Adding a Census BoundaryShapefile & Defining theCoordinate System

Many times, attribute data is contained in tabular form,

eparate from the Geographic boundary files that are usedy GIS software. This is particularly the case with Census

Data. This is because the number of attributes available forome GIS data is so large that including the files togetherreates prohibitively large layer files. In most cases, aesearcher only needs a limited number of attributes fornalysis. ArcMap allows you to Join a tabular attributele to its corresponding Geographic File. Here we will usekey field, present in both the attribute table and the

eographic boundary file for the Census data for NewHaven, to Join those two files.

1. Use the Add Data Button toAddthe tgr09000sf1blk.dbfTable from the C:\temp\your_initials\01-IntroductioArcGIS\Data\Tabular Folder.

2. Use the Add Data Button toAddthe tgr09009blk00.shp shapefile from the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\Data\Shapefiles Folder.

You will be warned that one of your datasets is missing its spatial reference. Your table of Contents view will also change bao the Source Tab, since you have just added a table of data, as well as a shapefile.

Note that you probably cannot see the Census Block Group files we just added, tgr09009blk00.shp (If you can see the file, youkely using ArcGIS version 9.1 or before). This is because the dataset does not have a *.prj file, which contains information abow the numeric values that record the point, line and polygons in the dataset, relate to geographic location on the face of the

Earth. This means that you need to define the coordinate or projection system.

Prior to ArcGIS 9.2, the software would examine the numeric values that recorded the geometry of the boundaries and, if thealues fell within the normal Lat/Lon values (-90 to 90 & -180 to 180), it applied an assumed geographic coordinate system uhe North American Datum from 1927. This worked, sometimes. But what if your data was located in India? The NAD 1927

Datum is not nearly as accurate as current datums, and is wildly inaccurate for any dataset falling outside North America. Alsomuch of the data you work with in GIS is now created on the NAD 1983 datum, a far more accurate reference system.

So, ESRI dropped the assumed geographic feature, so that you must now explicitly assign the correct coordinate system.Unfortunately, ESRI has not updated much of its available data to reflect this new lack of automation, and much of the base dahey provide (not to mention that included with the last 20 years of software releases) still has no defined coordinate system /rojection. Here, we will learn to remedy that, and familiarize you with the ArcToolbox.

Defining a Projection/Coordinate System

1. Clickon the ArcToolbox Button to Launch the ArcToolbox Panel.

2. Clickon the Search Tab, at the bottom of the ArcToolBox Panel, and Enterdefine as yourSearch Term.

3. Define Projection Tool should be one of the returned results. Double-Clickon Define Projection to open theArcToolbox Tools Dialog.

4. Selectthe tgr09009blk00 layerfrom the Input Dataset Drop-Down Menu.






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5. Clickon the Spatial Reference Button to Open the Spatial Reference Properties Dialog Box.

6. Clickon the Select Button and Browse to Geographic CoordinateSystems>North America>North American Datum 1983.prj. SelectandAddthis as the Spatial Reference.

7. ClickOK again toApplythe Spatial Reference to the ArcToolbox

Dialog.

8. ClickOK to Define the Coordinate System for this file.

9. You may need to Refresh yourData View in order to see the results,using the Refresh View Button, on the View Toolbarat the bottom leftcorner of the Data View.

10. Clickon the Display Tab at the bottom of the Table of Contents.

You should now see something like what is pictured at the left. The

gr09009blk00 Layer has been added to your Table of Contents.






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oining the Attribute Data to the Census Boundary Layer

1. Right-Clickon the tgr09009blk00 LayerName and SelectOpen AttributeTable from the Context Menu.

Note that the table contains a few fields that

mostly identify the various geographic entitieswithin this boundary file. There is nothing thatndicates any information about the people whove within these boundaries. Note the Fieldalled STFID, in particular.

2. Close the tgr09009blk00AttributeTable.

3. Right-Clickon the tgr09000sf1blkLayerName and SelectOpen from the

Context Menu.

Note that, in this case, there are plenty ofattributes about people. This tablecontains the counts of total populationracial, gender and age breakdowns aother information about the people whlive in the Census Blocks. Notice, alsthat this table has the same STFID fiewe found in the boundary file.

4. 4. Close the tgr09000sf1blk Table.

5. Right-Clickon the tgr09009blk00 Layerand SelectJoins AndRelates>Join.

6. In the resulting Join Data Dialog Box, Populate the Options asshown on the left.

Join attributes from a table

Join Field 1=STFID

Join Layer=tgr09000sf1blk

Join Field 2=STFID

7. ClickOK toApplythe Join.

8. Right-Clickon the tgr9009blk Layerand Open the Attribute Table.

9. Scrollacross the Attribute Table and Make Sure that the twodatasets have been joined.






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5. Close the Select by Location Dialog Box and note that your selection will remain active.

6. Right-Clickon thetgr09009blk00 Layerand SelectData>Export

Data.

Notice that the Export Drop-Down list hasdefaulted to Selected features. It is the defaaction in ArcMap that anything you do to a laywhen you have an active selection, only applito the selection.

7. Checkthe checkbox that allows you to uthe same Coordinate System as the DaFrame.

Remember that we defined the Coordinate System as GCS North American Datum 1983? That was because the layer wasreated using Lat/Lon coordinates. Lat/Lon coordinates locate features on the surface of the (roughly) spherical Earth, and arngular measurements. ArcGIS needs a linear unit to perform many of the mathematical calculations you may want to apply the data, such as calculating area, distances, etc. By using the coordinate system of the Data Frame (which is State Plane)xport the dataset, we can avoid the added step of projecting the data to a projection with a linear measurement.

8. Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\Urban_Forestry_Workshop\Data\Shapefiles Folderand Save the Outputshapefile as AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1.shp.

9. ClickOK to Export the Data.

10. You will be prompted to add the new layer to the current Map Document. ClickYes.

11. Right-Clickon the new AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 Layerand Open the Attribute Table.

Note that all of the attributes from the joined dataset have transferred, but that the fieldnames are no longer prefixed.


13. Right-Clickon the original tgr09009blk00 Layerand SelectRemove from the Context Menu.

14. Right-Clickon the Area_of_Interest_polygon_polygon Layerand select Zoom to Layer.

Adding a New Field and Calculating Its Value1. Right-Clickon the AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 Layerand Open the Attribute Table.

2. Clickon the Options Button and SelectAdd Field.

3. Name the New Field UNDER18, and Use the Type: Short Integer.






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4. ClickOk.

5. Again, Clickon the Options Button and SelectAdd Field.

6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.

Name the New Field AREA, and Use the Type: Float. ClickOk.

7. Scrollto the far right of the Attribute Table, Right-Clickon the FieldHeaderfor AREA and SelectCalculate Geometry...

8. ClickYes when warned about calculating outside an edit session.

9. Change the Property Drop-Down Menu to Area.

10. Change the Units Drop-Down to Square Miles US [sq mi].

11. ClickOk

12. Right-Clickon the Field Headerfor UNDER18 and SelectField Calculator

13. ClickYes when warned about calculating outside an edit session.

14. Scroll Down the Fields List and Clickon the AGE_UNDER5 to Insertit in the Calculator Argument.

15. Clickon the Addition (+) Button to Insertthe Addition Operatorin the Calculator Argument.

16. Scroll Down the Fields List and Clickon the AGE_5_17 to Insertit in the Calculator Argument.

17. Make Sure yourCalculator Argument reads as: [AGE_UNDER5] + [AGE_5_17]

18. ClickOk toApplythe Calculation.


20. Clickon the Display Tab of the Table Of Contents Panel.

Note that you have now created and calculated the values for two different attributes of your data. One variable, UNDER18, walculated from other variables in the dataset. The other, AREA, was created using the Calculate Geometry Tool, which is a neature in ArcMap 9.2.






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Working with Layer PropertiesOne thing that is important to understand about layers and otherlements of the Map Document is that virtually everything in a Map

Document is an Object with properties that can be altered using variousmeans, but primarily through the properties dialog box. Now that weave created a set of attributes that we are interested in mapping, wean begin to apply symbology to the layers in the Map Document. Therere many ways to apply symbology to a layer, and it is even possible to

ymbolize a single layer based upon several attributes, creating a maphat displays multiple dimensions of demography, or feature attributes.

Labeling can also be applied to the Map Document in various ways thatan illuminate the attributes of the layers included.

Labeling Features1. Right-Clickon the Schools Layerand Open the Properties.

2. Clickon the Labels Tab.

3. Checkthe Label Features In This Layer Checkbox.

4. Change the Text Symbol to Bold. ClickApply.

Adjusting Symbology1. Clickon the Symbology Tab of the Schools Layer Properties Dialog.

2. Clickon the Symbol Button to Open the Symbol Selector.

3. Scroll Down and Selectthe School2 Symbol.

4. ClickOk twice toApplythe Changes and Close the Properties Dialog.

5. In the Table Of Contents Panel,Clickon the Symbol under the Railroad Layer.

This is an alternative way to open the Symbol Selector directly.

6. Change the Colorof the Symbol for the Railroads Layer.

7. ClickOk toApplythe Changes.

Applying Symbology BasedUpon Attribute Values

1. Right-Clickon the AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 Layerand OpenThe Attribute Table.

2. Clickon the Symbology Tab, if it is not already active.

3. Clickon the Quantities Item under Show:.

4. SelectUNDER18 as the Value Field and AREA as theNormalization Field.






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5. Under Classification, Setthe number ofClasses to 10

6. Clickon theClassifyButton.

7. On theresulting

Classification Dialog, Clickon the Exclusion Button.

8. EnterUNDER18 = 0 as the Argument in the Data Exclusion Properties Dialog.

9. ClickOk twice to Return to the Properties Dialog Box.

10. Selectan appropriate Color Ramp from the Drop-Down Menu.

11. Clickon the Label Field Headerand SelectFormat Labels.UnderRounding, Setthe Number Of Decimal Places to 1. ClickOk.

12. ClickOk to Close the Properties Dialog for the AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 LayerandApplythe Symbology.

Using a Layer (.LYR) File to Apply Symbology1. Right-Clickon the Hydrography_Polygon Layerand Open its Properties.

2. Selectthe Symbology Tab and Clickon the Import Button.

3. Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\ Data\ Layers Folderand Selectthe Hydrography_Polygon.lyr File.

4. ClickOpen.

5. ClickOk.

6. AcceptAV_Legend as the Value Field,when prompted.

7. ClickOk toApplythe Changes andClose the Properties Dialog for theHydrography_Polygon Layer.

Final Cleanup and LooseEnds

1. Hold Down the Ctrl Key and Clickon theHydrography_Polygon Layer, the






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municipalproperty and DEPProperty Layers to Selectthem.

2. Right-Clickon one of the Layers and SelectGroup.

3. Click-And-Dragthe New Group Layerabove the AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 Layer.

4. Turn On the Visibility of the DEPProperty and municipalproperty Layers by Clickingon theirVisibility Checkbo

5. Clickon the Symbol for the CT_Towns Layerand Change its Symbol Colorto Light Grey.






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ntroduction to the Layout ViewWe are now ready to begin finishing our Map Document and preparing it so that it can be shared with others. To do this, we whange from the ArcMap Data View to the Layout View. The Layout View will provide tools not available in the Data View,rimarily those relevant to creating Map Layouts.

Navigation in the Layout View

1. Clickon the Layout Button (it looks like a page), on the View Toolbarat the bottom leftcorner of the Map Display.

Note that you are now presented with the Layout Toolbar. This toolbar is only available in Layout View. Some of the Tools onhis toolbar work in a way that is similar to the Tools Toolbar, but with one critical difference these tools act on the page rathan the data.

2. Clickon the Layout Zoom Tool and Draga Box across the top half of the Layout Display.

3. Clickon the Page Extent Button to Return to the Full View of the page.

Note that these tools did not change the scale or extent of the data.





LayoutZoom

LayoutPan

PageExtent


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Working with Data Frame PropertiesThe data is contained within a rectangle referred to as the Data Frame. In the Data View, this rectangle was represented by thdges of the Map Display Panel. Now, the Data Frame is an Object on the layout page. The fact that the Data Frame is an

Object on the Layout Page means that we can alter its properties.

1. At the very top of the Table Of Contents Panel,Right-Clickon theLayers Layerand Open the Properties.

2. Clickon the Size And Position Tab.

3. Change both the Width & Height to 5 Inches.

4. Change the Element Name to Main Data Frame.

5. Clickon the center blue box under Anchor Point.

6. Clickon the Frame Tab.

7. Selecta Border Style.

8. ClickOk toApplythe Changes.






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Adding Essential Map ElementsFinally, there are a few elements that are considered fundamental to good mapmaking. While it is true thatALL maps do not nALL of these elements (Does a map of the entire earth reallyneed a northrrow?), it is also true that they can be critical tools in conveying spatial

messages, when used properly. Here, we will take the final steps to completeour map layout, before exporting to portable formats.

Map Title1. On the Main Menu, Go ToInsert>Title. A Highlighted

Text Box will be inserted into the Map Layout.

2. Double-Clickon the Text Box to Open its Properties.

3. Change the Text to Under 18 Population Density ofNew Haven, CT using carriage returns to Insertlinebreaks.

4. Leave all otherSettings at theirDefault, but note thatthere are many options for altering the title text.

5. ClickOK.

6. Use the Select Elements Tool to Move the MapTitle to an appropriate position above the Data Frame.

North Arrow1. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>North Arrow.

2. In the North Arrow Selector, Selectthe firstNorth Arrow in the list.

3. ClickOk.

A highlighted North Arrow will be inserted into your MapLayout (probably at the worst possible place).

4. Use the Select Elements Tool to Move theNorth Arrow to a more appropriate part of themap.

5. If necessary, or desired, you can Use the BlueResize Handles to Change the Dimensions ofthe North Arrow.

6. Since the North Arrow is an Object, you canAccess its Properties byRight-Clickingand SelectingProperties.






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Legend1. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>Legend to Open the Legend Wizard.

2. Highlightand Removeall layers but the AOI_Census_Blocks_SF1 Layerfrom the LegendItems ListUsingthe Neatline to Open theNeatline Wizard.

2. Selecta 4pt Border.

3. Selecta Hollow Background.

4. Make Sure that the Place Around All Elements Radio

Button is Checked.

5. ClickOk.

Other Essential Map ElemenOther elements are warranted when creating amap and have been neglected here only forexpedience. These elements are primarilytextual, and can be included using a procedursimilar to that used to insert the Map Title.

Date the map was made

Author of the map

Who the map was made for

Projection / Coordinate Systeminformation

Data Source(s)

Descriptive Text (if necessary)

Location (in the title, or using an insetmap)






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Sharing Your Map ProjectAt this point, you might like to export your map to an image that you can use in PowerPoint or a Word Document. Or, you migwant to save the map in a format that you can send to colleagues to view or print. Here you will learn to export your map.

Exporting to JPEG

1. Save your work by Clickingthe Save Button.

2. On the Main Menu, Go ToFile>Export Map.

3. Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\ Folder.

4. Change the Save as Type:Drop-Down to JPEG (*.jpg).

5. Setthe Resolution to 150 dpi.

6. Checkthe box to Clip Output to Graphic Extent.

7. Clickon the Format Tab, underOptions.

8. Make sure that the Color Mode is set to 24-bit True Color.

9. ClickSave.

10. Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\ Folder and double-clickon the Intro_to_ArcGIS.jpg toOpen it.

Exporting to PDF1. On the Main Menu, Go ToFile>Export Map.

2. Do Not Checkthe Clip to Graphics Extent box.

3. Change the Save as Type Drop-Down to PDF (*.pdf).

4. ClickSave.

5. Browse to the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\ Folder and double-clickon the Intro_to_ArcGIS.pdftoOpen it.






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Setting Relative Pathnames & MakingArcMap Projects Portable

By setting Relative Pathnames in File>Map Properties>Data SourceOptions, you can move your ArcMap Project Folder as a single unit,reserving the location of your data files relative to your MXD document,

without breaking the internal links to the datasets. You can also Zip theolder and send it through the email to colleagues.

1. On the Main Menu, Go ToFile>DocumentProperties.

2. Clickon the Data Source Options Button.

3. Setthe Option to Store relative path namesto data sources.

4. Checkthe Make relative paths the defaultfor new map documents I createCheckbox,if it is not already.

5. ClickOk.

6. ClickOk.

You can now move your project by copying or zipping the C:\temp\your_initials\01-Introduction to ArcGIS\ Folder, in itsntirety, without having the problem of broken links that we experienced at the beginning of the tutorial.

ArcCatalog & Project Management

Create a main Project Folder for your GIS analysis project. Under this main folder, create a Data folder, under which yshould create a series of subfolders for each type of data you are using, or creating in your project (shapefile, raster,image, tables, etc). For complex projects, you may even find it helpful to create further divisions (original, working, f

etc) within each of your data subfolders to contain the multiple versions of data files that can accumulate during thecourse of a GIS project.

MXD Map Documents are very small! You can save many versions of a project by saving multiple Map Documents. Tallows you to save several layout versions of the same data without using a great deal of disk space.

ArcMap supports long filenames for MXD Document, table and shapefile names. Use this to your advantage by givingthese files very specifically descriptive names. Coverage and raster filenames are limited to 13 characters.

Congratulations! You are now ready to explore ArcMap on your own! If you are interested in additional training materior just need help with a specific GIS related issue, feel free to contact us at the Yale Map Collection!