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Introduction to leadership and management First lecture Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

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Page 1: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Introduction to leadership andmanagement

First lecture

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 2: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Class outlines• Definition of leadership

• Definition of management

• Difference between leader and manager

• Theories of leadership

• Theories of management

• Five managerial functions

• Integration leadership and management

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 3: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Leader• Someone with vision and interpersonal skills who guides,

influences, or heads the direction of a group, or team, in a non-coercive modeling manner.

• guides people and groups to accomplish common goals,

• influences the beliefs, opinions, or behaviors of a person, group, or groups of people.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 4: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Leadership

• The process of motivating, inspiring, and influencing individuals and groups to set and achieve goals by pulling people who want to follow voluntarily.

Leadership combines:

• intrinsic personality traits, • learned leadership skills,• characteristics of the situation.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 5: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Characteristics of leaders?•Often do not have delegated authority but obtain their power through other means, such as influence

•Have a wider variety of roles than do managers

•May or may not be part of the formal organization

•Focus on group process, information gathering, feedback, and empowering others

•Emphasize interpersonal relationships

•Direct willing followers

•Have goals that may or may not reflect those of the organization

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 6: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Manager

Managers Individuals who plan, administer, direct, and controls the use and coordination of resources to achieve a goal.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 7: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Management DefinitionManagement -

• coordinates people, time, and supplies to achieve desired outcomes,

• involves problem-solving and decision-making processes.

Managers responsibility:

• maintain control of the day-to-day operations,

• achieve established goals and objectives.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 8: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Nurse manager will have:

an appointed management position within the organization with responsibilities to perform administrative tasks:

• planning staffing requirements,

• performing employee performance appraisals,

• controlling use of supplies and time,

• meeting budget and productivity goals.Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 9: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Managers and Leaders

1. Can the same person be both the manager and leader?

2. Are all managers leaders?

3. Are all leaders managers?

4. Where, in an organization, do leaders come from?

5. Is the top person in an organization always a leader?

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 10: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTOF LEADERSHIP THEORY

• Great Man Theory and Trait Theories (mid-1940s)

• The great man theory, from Aristotelian philosophy, asserts that some people are born to lead, whereas others are born to be led.

• Trait theories assume that some people have certain characteristics or personality traits that make them better leaders than others (Charismatic leader).

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahemah

Page 11: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Behavioral Theories (1960)

• leadership styles. Later, these styles came to be called

1. Authoritarian or autocratic

2. Democratic

3. Laissez-faire

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 12: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Authoritarianleader

•Strong control is maintained over the work group.

•Others are motivated by coercion.

•Others are directed with commands.

•Communication flows downward.

•Decision making does not involve others.

•Emphasis is on difference in status (“I’’ and “you’’).

•Criticism is punitivePrepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 13: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Democratic leaders

•Less control is maintained.

•Economic and ego awards are used to motivate.

•Others are directed through suggestions and guidance.

•Communication flows up and down.

•Decision making involves others.

•Emphasis is on “we’’ rather than “I’’ and “you.’’

•Criticism is constructive

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 14: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Laissez-faire leader

•Permissiveness, with little or no control.

•Motivation by support when requested by the group or individuals.

•Provision of little or no direction.

•Communication upward and downward flow among members of the group.

•Decision making dispersed throughout the group.

•Emphasis on the group.

•Criticism withheld

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 15: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Situational and Contingency Leadership Theories

• The idea that leadership style should vary according to the situation or the employees involved.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 16: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

CONTEMPORARY THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

• 1970s,theorists began arguing that effective leadership depended on an even greater number of variables.

• These variables included organizational culture, the values of the leader and the followers, the work, the environment, the influence of the leader–manager, and the complexities of the situation.

• Efforts to integrate these variables are apparent in contemporary interactional and transformational leadership theories.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 17: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Transformational Leadership

• The traditional manager, concerned with the day-to-day operations, was termed a transactional leader.

• The manager, on the other hand, who is committed, has a vision, and is able to empower others with this vision was termed a transformational leader.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 18: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

New Leadership Concepts

• Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the process of regulating both feelings and expressions.

• Theorists studying EI posit that it is a critical ingredient of leaders, which enables them to build a cooperative and effective team.

• Leaders with EI possess the ability to identify emotions in themselves and others.

• Servant leadership is a leadership model that puts serving others as the first priority.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 19: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Management Theories

• Scientific Management

Ex, Bureaucratic organization

Management functions

• Human Relations Management

Ex, Participative management

Theory X and Theory YPrepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 20: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Functions of Management

1. Planning

2. Organizing

3. Staffing

4. Leading

5. ControllingPrepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 21: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Functions of Management

• Planning includes defining goals and objectives, developing policies and procedures; determining resource allocation; and developing evaluation methods.

• Organizing includes identifying the management structure to accomplish work, determining communication processes, and coordinating people, time and work.

• Staffing includes those activities required to have qualified people accomplish work such as recruiting, hiring, training, scheduling and ongoing staff development.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 22: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Cont.

• Directing encourages employees to accomplish goals and objectives and involves communicating, delegating, motivating, and managing conflict.

• Controlling analyzes results to evaluate accomplishments and includes evaluating employee performance, analyzing financial activities, and monitoring quality of care.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 23: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Integrating Leadership and Management

1- They think longer term

2- They look outward, toward the larger organization.

3- They influence other beyond their own group

4- They emphasize vision, mission, values.

5- They think in term of change and renewal.

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah

Page 24: Introduction to leadership and management€¢ Difference between leader and manager ... • Great Man Theory and Trait Theories ... Behavioral Theories (1960) •leadership styles

Prepared by, dr. Mohammad Barahmah