INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE, I.N.A.

CENTRO NACIONAL ESPECIALIZADO EN COMERCIO Y SERVICIOS.MODULE: INTRODUCTORY ENGLISH CONVERSATIONAL FOR THE BUSINESS SECTOR.PROFESSOR: EVELIO ANTONIO GUTIERREZ BRENES.TOPIC: PERSONAL INFORMATION: INTRODUCING YOURSELF AND INTRODUCING SOMEONE.

1.- GREETINGS:

HI! (Informal)

HELLO (FORMAL)

SIR!

MADAM!

GOODMISS!

MRS. ROJAS!

MISS BELL!

MS. WHITE!

2.- IMPORTANT PERSONAL QUESTIONS:

QUESTIONANSWER

1- What is your name?My name is Evelio Gutierrez Brenes

2.-What is her name?Her name is Maria Rojas.

3.-What is his name?His name is Juan Varela.

4.-What are their names?Their names are Juan and Maria.

5.-How do you pronounce your name, last name?I pronounce

6.-What do people call you?They call me.

7.-Do you have a nickname?Yes, I do. Its/No, I dont.

8.-Where are you from?I am from Costa Rica.

9.-Where is she from?She is from Argentina.

10.Where is he from?He is from Mexico.

11.Where are they from?They are from Australia.

12.What is your nationality?My nationality is Costa Rican. Im Costa Rican.

13.What is her nationality?Her nationality is Argentine. She is Argentine.

14.What is his nationality?His nationality is Australian. Hes Australian.

15. How old are you?Im 45 years old.

16.How old is she?She is 16 years old.

17.How old is he?He is 18 years old.

18.Where do you live?I live in Heredia.

19.Where does she live?She lives in Puntarenas.

20.Where does he live?He lives in Alajuela.

21.Where do they live?They live in Cartago.

22.How are you?I am fine, happy, sad, mad, okay.

23.How is she/he?She/he is happy, sad, mad, okay.

24.What is your hobby?

What are your hobbies?My hobby is..

My hobbies are.

25.What is her/his hobby?

What are her/his hobbies?Her/his hobby is..

Her/his hobbies are.

26.What is your profession/occupation?My profession/occupation is..

27.What is her/his profession/occupation?Her/his profession/occupation is

28.Where do you work? I work at I.N.A.

29.Where does she/he work?She/he works at National Bank.

30.Where do you study?I study at I.N.A.

31.Where does she/he study?She/he studies at U.C.R.

32.What do you study?I study English.

33.What does she/he study?She/he studies French.

34.When were you born?I was born on March 26th, 1962.

35.When was she/he born?She/he was born on April 11th.

36.Where were you born?I was born in Heredia.

37.Where was she/he Born?She/He was born in San Jose.

38.When is your birthday?My birthday is on March 26th.

39.When is her/his birthday?Her/his birthday is on April 11th.

3.- OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION:

Nice to meet you!Nice to meet you, too!

Nice meeting you!Nice meeting you, too!

Pleased to meet you!Pleased to meet you, too!

Glad to meet you!Glad to meet you, too!

4.- FAREWELLS:

Good bye! (Formal)

Bye, Bye! (Informal)

See you later!

So long!

See you tomorrow!

TOPIC: TO BEPERSONAL PRONOUNSTO BECONTRACTED FORMSNEGATIVEYES/NO QUESTION

IAMIMAM NOTIm a doctor.

Are you a doctor?

Yes, I,m

No, Im not

YOUAREYOUREARE NOT (ARENT)Youre a nurse

Are you a nurse?

Yes, Im not.

No, Im not

SHEISSHESIS NOT (ISNT)She is a pilot.

Is she a pilot?

Yes, She is.

No, she is not (isnt)

HE ISHESIS NOT (ISNT)Hes a janitor.

Is he a janitor?

Yes, He is.

No, he is not (isnt)

ITISITSIS NOT (ISNT)Its a cat.Is it a cat?

Yes, it is.

No, It is not (isnt)

YOUAREYOUREARE NOT (ARENT)You are students.Are you Students?

Yes, we are

No, We are not.

WEAREWEREARE NOT (ARENT)We are happy.Are you happy?

Yes, We are.

No, We are not

THEYARETHEYREARE NOT (ARENT)They are teachers.Are they teachers?

Yes, They are.

No, They are not (arent)

THE USE OF A and AN1.- A: It is used for singular with words that do not have a vowel sound. Examples:

He is a nurse.

It is a cat.

Im a good boy.

2.- AN: It used for singular too, but with words that have a vowel sound. Examples:

She is an excellent person.

He is an ugly man.

It is an eye.

TOPIC: OCCUPATIONS AND PROFESSIONS1.- LAWYER (S)

28.- ACTRESS(ES)

2.- MECHANIC (S)

29.- ARCHITECT(S)

3.- MODEL(S)

30.- ARTIST(S)

4.- PAINTER(S)

31.- BAKER(S)

5.- PHARMACIST(S)

32.- BRICKLAYER(S)/MASON(S)

6.- PHOTOGRAPHER(S)

33.- BUS DRIVER(S)

7. PILOT(S)

34.- BUTCHER(S)

8.- PLUMBER(S)

35.- CARPENTER(S)

9.- POLICER OFFICER(S)

36.- CASHIER(S)

10.- REAL ESTATE AGENT(S)

37.- CHEF(S)/COOK(S)

11.- RECEPTIONIST(S)

39.- COMPUTER PROGRAMMER(S)

12.- SALESPERSON/SALESPEOPLE

40.- CONSTRUCTION WORKER(S)

13.- SANITATION WORKER (S)

41.- COURIER(S)/MESSENGER(S)

14.- SCIENTIST(S)

42.- CUSTIDIAN(S)/JANITOR(S)

15.- SECRETARY (RIES)

43.- DATA PROCESSOR(S)

16.- SECURITY GUARD (S)

44.- DELIVERY PERSON/PEOPLE

17.- TAILOR (S)

45.- NURSE(S)

18.- TAXI DRIVER (S)

46.- ELECTRICIAN(S)

19.- TEACHER (S)

47.- FARMER(S)

20.- TRANSLATOR(S)

48.- FIREFIGTER(S)

21.- TRAVEL AGENT(S)

49.- FARMER(S)

22.- TRUCK DRIVER(S)

50.-GARDENER(S)

23.- WAITER (S)

51.- HAIRDRESSER(S)

24.- WAITRESS (ES)

52.- HOUSEKEEPER(S)

25.- VETERINARIAN(S)

53.- JOURNALIST(S)/REPORTER(S)

26.- ACCOUNTANT(S)

54.- SEAMSTRESS(ES)

27.- ACTOR (S)

50.- WELDER(S)

ORAL ACTIVITY: Answer the following questions in an oral way.

1.- Which of these occupations do you think are the most interesting? The most difficult? Why?

2.- Are you still a______________?

Yes, _____________________

No, _____________________

3.- What kind of job would you like in the future? Why?

Id like to be a________________________ because _______________

4.- Do you work?

_________________________________________________________

5.- Whats your occupation?

________________________________________________________

6.- What are the occupations of people in your family? Explain.

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

THE SIMPLE PRESENT

DEFINITION: The Simple Present Tense describes an action which goes on everyday or in general.

HABITUAL ACTIONS

The Simple Present Tense is used with: ROUTINES, DAILY ACTIVITIES

or SCHEDULES

1.- HABITUAL ACTIONS: It describes activities that you do at regular intervals. Example: I VISIT MY MOTHER ON SUNDAYS

SUNDAYSUNDAYSUNDAY

PAST--------NOW-------FUTURE2.- ROUTINES, DAILY ACTIVITIES and SCHEDULES: They are the planning of the day by time and activities. Example:

1.- I get up at 6:00 am.

2.- I take a shower at 6:30 am.

3.- I have breakfast at 7:00 am.

4.- I brush my teeth at 7:30 am.

5.- I go to work at 8:00 am.

6.- I take lunch at noon.RULES:1.- The third person singular (SHE, HE, IT) adds S or ES to the verbs. Examples:

She helps me a lot

He brushes his teeth

It has a manual

2.- The problem comes when you have to use S or ES. We add ES when the verb ends in:

The rest of the verbs only add S except TO HAVE: Lets see:

SHE

I

HEHAS

YOU

IT

WEHAVE

THEY

3.- The following personal pronouns ( I, YOU, WE, THEY) dont add S or ES. Examples:

1.- They close the door.

She closes the door.

2.- I study English everyday.He studies English everyday.

3.-We eat vegetables.

Maria eats vegetables.

4.- You speak to me.

Luis speaks to me.

5.- I have a car.

She has a car.

4.- NEGATIVE STATEMENTS OR SENTENCES: We need the auxiliaries DOES + NOT (DOESNT) and DO + NOT (DONT).DOES NOT OR DOESNT: (SHE, HE, IT) The verb is always in its simple form. It means, the S or ES disappear. Examples:

1.- She arrives late.

She does not (doesnt) arrive late.

2.- He eats lasagna.

He does not (doesnt) eat lasagna.

3.- It has a manual.

It does not (doesnt) have a manual.

DO NOT or DONT (I, YOU, WE, THEY) The verb is always in its simple form. Examples:

1.- They study hard.

They do not (dont) study.

2.- We stare at him.

We do not (dont) at him.

3.- You have a nice house.You do not (dont) have a nice house.

4.- I drink beer.

I do not (dont) drink beer.

5.- YES/NO QUESTION: AUXILIARIES DOES and DO:

A.-DOES = SHE, HE, IT: The verb loses its final S or ES. Example:

1.- She does her homework.

DOES she do her homework?

Yes, she DOES.

No, she DOES NOT (DOESNT)

B.- DO = I,YOU, WE, THEY: Example:

1.- They call their friends

DO they call their friends?

Yes, they DO.

No, they DO NOT (DONT)

6.- ADVERBS OF TIME OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT: EVERY DAY, EVERY WEEK, EVERY MONTH, ON MONDAY, ON TUESDAY, ETC.LIST OF VERBS FOR EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES

WAKE UPWORKOUT AT THE GYM

GET UPEXERCISE

STRETCHDO AEROBICS. SPINNING

TAKE A SHOWERLIFT WEIGHTS

BRUSH THE TEETHSHOP FOR FOOD

FLOSS THE TEETHTAKE THE TRASH OUT

SHAVECLEAN THE YARD, GARDEN

GET DRESSEDDO YOGA, KARATE

WASH THE FACEDO THE ERRANDS

PUT ON MAKEUPDO THE HOUSECHORES

COMB THE HAIRUSE THE COMPUTER

MAKE THE BEDSTUDY

CALL THE FRIENDSWALK THE DOG

GET UNDRESSEDWATCH T.V.

TAKE A BATHLISTEN TO THE RADIO

GO TO WORK/SCHOOLLISTEN TO MUSIC

HAVE, TAKE, EAT BREAKFASTREAD A BOOK, THE NEWSPAPER

HAVE, TAKE, EAT LUNCHPLAY BASKETBALL, SOCCER, TENNIS

HAVE, TAKE, EAT DINNERPRACTICE THE PIANO

HAVE, TAKE, EAT A SNAKPLAY THE GUITAR

MAKE BREAKFAST, LUNCH, DINNERSWIM

COOK BREAKFAST, LUNCH, DINNERJOG

CLEAN THE APARTMENT, THE HOUSETAKE WALKS

SWEEP THE FLOORTAKE A NAP

IRONREST

GO TO THE CHURCH, THE BAR, THE DISCODRIVE

FEED THE BABY, THE PET (CAT, DOG)PAY THE BILLS

DO THE HOMEWORKSURF IN INTERNET

EXERCISE I: Write the correc form of the verbs in the brackets in the boxes.1)I usually__________________a bike in spring. (to ride)

2)You________________dinner at 4 oclock every day. (to prepare)

3)Mary and I________________to school at quarter past 7. (to go)

4)My parents_________work at 4 oclock in the afternoon. (to finish)

5)They___________________new dresses for Mary in May. (to buy)

6)You never_________________________________meat. (to eat)

7)I always_______________________home after school. (to walk)

8)The students_____________English from Mrs Harrison. (to learn)

9)We__________________________a lot on Saturdays. (to dance)

10)You__________________your house for Christmas. (to decorate)

11)Charlie and Mandy______________the table before lunch. (to set)EXERCISE II: Write the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets in the boxes. You have to use the 3rd person singular.1)Tim_________________toParisevery month. (to fly)

2)Sandra___________________carefully on the lessons. (to listen)

3)Molly___________________her homework in the afternoons. (do)

4)Britney often_______when she_____a romantic film. (to cry, to see)

5)She____________________her hair in the bathroom. (to brush)

6)It_____________________________a lot inEngland. (to rain)

7)He never_______________________________at me. (to laugh)

8)Mrs Davis________________________after lunch. (to wash up)

9)Tigger_____________________________jumping. (to like)

10)Mum rarely__________________________the bus. (to miss)

11)Ms Martin usually__________about the housework. (to worry)

12)Bill_____________________________his girlfriend. (to kiss)

EXERCISE III: Write the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets in the boxes.1)The students____________their books to school. (to bring)

2)The pop group_____________________a lot. (to practise)

3)His brother never__________________the ball. (to catch)

4)She_________we____________hungry. (to think; to be)

5)We______________________on Fridays. (to go out)

6)The boys usually________________. (to fight)

7)Mum________to cook something new on weekends. (to try)

8)Brian and Frank__________________every day. (to swim)

9)I_____________________to tell you the truth. (to want)

10)Her parents_______her up when she___ill. (to call; to be)

11)Dick always____________________my homework. (to copy)EXERCISE IV: Write the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets in the boxes.Mary and I___________________(work) in the same office, but we're completely different. She_______________________(like) coffee, but I_______________(like) tea. She____________(wash) her car every weekend, but I never___________(clean) mine. She__________(smile) all the time at work, but I________(feel) miserable. I_______(complain) about the boss all the time, but Mary____________(think) the boss is a nice person. When I_____________(finish) work, I like to drink beer with my friends, but Mary_________(study) at night school. The boss____________(think) Mary is perfect, but she_____________(drive) me nuts!EXERCISE V: Change the verb into the correct form using the Simple Present tense.

1. I usually__________(go) to school.2. They______________(visit) us often.3. You______________(play) basketball once a week.4. Tom_____________________(work) every day.5. He always______________(tell) us funny stories.6. She never_______________(help) me with that!7. Martha and Kevin______________(swim) twice a week.8. In this club people usually______________(dance) a lot.9. Linda_______________(take care) of her sister.10. John rarely______________(leave) the country.11. We_______________(live) in the city most of the year.12. Lorie_______________(travel) to Paris every Sunday.13. I____________________(bake) cookies twice a month.14. You always_________________(teach) me new things.15. She_________________(help) the kids of the neighborhood. 16. London___________(be) in England.

17. The summer_______________(be) hot.

18. She__________________(drive) very well.19. They________________(open) the store at 8:00.

20. Linda_________________(be) a very pretty girl.21. I_______________________(have) several jobs.

22. Water________________(boil) at 100 degrees.

23. Water________________(freeze) at 0 degrees.

24. My sister____________________(speak) English.25. He____________________(have) a big apartment.

26. A triangle________________(have) three corners.

27. My birthday_____________________(be) in June.28. Books_________________(have) pages.

29. Dogs__________________(be) good friends

30. I_____________________(work) hard.

31. I_________________(love) you

32. This_____________(weigh) 20 kilograms

33. Ron_______________(seem) serious

34. We_______________(like) tomatoes.35. The boy_____________(want) to play.36. You___________________(need) to sleep

37. They_______________(agree) with me.

38. She__________________(hear) something strange.

39. The box___________(contain) food.

40. Emma______________(appear) sad.41. David______________(know) how to fix a car.

42. Daniel and Liz___________(seem) happy.43. This______________(smell) bad.

44. I_______________(believe) you

45. We______________(be) number one!46. Daniel_____________(fly) to Paris once a year

47. She never______________(do) her homework.

48. Lisa_______________(try) to help her sister.49. Mark_________________(go) home at seven

50. The baby_________________(cry) every night51. He_____________________(miss) her a lot.52. Joe__________________(study) really hard.53. A boy____________________(kiss) a girl.

54. Joana_______________(buy) new stuff all the time.

55. Tim________________(watch) this show every night.

56. Sara___________(say) this all the time.

57. The teacher_______________(teach) us new thing58. He_________________(pay) me well59. Barbara_________(wash) the dishes, and Leo washes the floor

60. Nick________________(play) tennis twice a week

61. This girl always________________(push) somebody.

62. Isabella_________________(enjoy) listening to music.EXERCISE VI: DONT or DOESNT? Choose the correct one.1)Mary______________travel toFrance.

2)We________________write an essay every day.

3)My mum______________________sell flowers.

4)Peter and Sam_______________________fish.

5)I_____________________talk to him about love.

6)Kim_________________usually sit next to Mike.

7)You_________________________build houses.

8)Lilith________________________teach Jim.

9)They___________________forget my birthday.

10)The train___________________arrive in time.

11)Susie and you________________go to the shop.

12)The child_____________________smile at Luke.

13)My family________________spend money on silly things.

14)Jake__________________________pick up the litter.

15)Ben and I_______________________collect stickers.

EXERCISE VII: Put the following sentences in the negative.1.- We have lunch at 12. ________________________________________

2.- They sleep in the afternoon.

________________________________________

3.- Your brother starts work at six.

________________________________________

4.- Tom likes football.

________________________________________

5.- Their mother collects postcards.

_______________________________________

6.- You live in London.

_______________________________________

7.- They have breakfast at home.

_______________________________________

8.- You play the guitar.

_______________________________________

9.- They work in a bank.

_______________________________________

10. Jane gets up at six.

_______________________________________

11. I like eggs.

_______________________________________

12.The Olympic champion comes from Victoria.

_______________________________________

13. Some insects carry serious diseases.

______________________________________

14. This wine costs a lot of money.

______________________________________

15. Mary has an expensive car.

______________________________________

16. We get wool from sheep.

______________________________________

17. He teaches physics.

______________________________________

18. They live in teepees.

______________________________________

19. She drinks coffee every day.

______________________________________

20. He plays in goal.

______________________________________

21. Tom likes chocolate ice cream.

______________________________________

22. We like classical music very much.

_____________________________________EXERCISE VIII: Write the correct negative forms of the verbs in the brackets in the boxes.1)Jacks father_______________(to drink) alcohol.

2)I am short. I____________________(to play) basketball.

3)It_______________________(to rain) a lot in theSahara.

4)You_________________(to get up) at 6 oclock in the morning.

5)The Rosins_________________________(to check) the doors.

6)Mrs Morris______________________(to buy) unnecessary food.

7)We_____________________________(feel) tired.

8)Josh and Danny_____________________(to do) maths homework.

9)Sarah________________________(to know) my telephone number.

10)I_____________________________(to laugh) at Phil.

11)Mr Robins____________________(to water) the plants in his office.

12)You________________________(to live) inMexico.

13)Mary______________________________(to love) Mark.

14)They________________________(to call) Greg.

15)The students_____________(to stand up) when the teacher comes in.EXERCISE XI: YES/NO QUESTION: Change into YES/NO QUESTION.

Example:She plays the piano.Does she play the piano?

Yes, She does.

No, She does not (doesnt)1.- We get wool from sheep.

2.- She drinks coffee every day.

3.- They live in teepees.

4.- A fox lives in our garden.

5.- This car has two doors.

6.- She takes two sugars in her coffee.

7.- I drive a new car.

8.- We do our homework everyday.

9.- It contains a book.

10. She takes a shower everyday.

EXERCISE X: Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verb given in the brackets.

1. I usually ______________ (get up) at 6 am.

2. She _________________ (be) from Germany.

3. She________________ (not work) with us.

4. Where ______________________ (you live)?

5. He _____________________ (visit) his parents every month.

6. We ______________________ (not eat) fish or meat on Saturdays.

7. He usually _____________________ (drink) coffee in the morning.

8. He _______________________ (go) to church every Sunday.

9. He ______________________ (not smoke).

10. I___________________ (take) a shower before I go to bed.

11. How _____________________ (you start) a washing machine?

12. I _______________________ (not like) to work on Sundays.

13. The games____________________(start) at 8:00 in the evening.THE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY:Definition: They describe the frequency with which an action or an event is repeated. They are:

* SOMETIMES CAN BE USED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SENTENCE OR ACCORDING TO THE RULE.RULES:

A.- With all verb tenses, except to BE, The adverbs of frequency are placed before the verb. Examples:

1.- She always eats apples

3.- I SELDOM go to the beach.

2.- They NEVER go swimming

4.- He OFTEN studies math.

B.- With TO BE, the adverb of frequency are placed after the verb. Examples:

1.- She is ALWAYS happy

3.- They are NEVER sad.

2.- We are SELDOM here

4.- She is SOMETIMES angry.EXERCISE A: Write the adverbs of frequency in the correct place

1.- She studies hard (SOMETIMES)

___________________________________________________

2.- We are here. (ALWAYS)

__________________________________________________

3.- He watches T.V. (NEVER)

__________________________________________________

4.- They are happy. (OFTEN)

__________________________________________________

5.- You and Me eat in elegant restaurants (SELDOM)

__________________________________________________

6.- Maria and her husband are fighting (ALWAYS)

__________________________________________________

7.- Carlos drives his car. (NEVER)

__________________________________________________

8.- I am sad. (OFTEN)

__________________________________________________

9.- The taxi drivers are crazy. (ALWAYS)

__________________________________________________

10. You call your friends. (SOMETIMES)

_________________________________________________

11. They are thirsty (NEVER)

_________________________________________________

12. Mr. Osorio looks angry. (SOMETIMES)

_________________________________________________

B.- PUT INTO CORRECT ORDER AND REWRITE

1. never / food / Julia / eats _____________________________

2. play / they / sometimes / volleyball ___________________________

3. cat / milk / her / drinks / always _____________________________

4. walks / often / dad / work / my / to __________________________

5. usually / makes / mum / a / cake / my _________________________

6. social / I / study / rarely / sciences __________________________

7. cheat / we / exams / never / the / in _________________________C.- REWRITE THE SENTENCES WITH THE FREQUENCY ADVERBS IN THE BLANKS 1.Mr.Goodson gets up at 6:30. (always) .

_________________________________________

2. She plays the flute. (sometimes)

_________________________________________

3. I walk my dog in the park. (often)

_________________________________________

4. He reads an English story book. (rarely)

_________________________________________

5. Steve doesn't play computer games. (never)

_________________________________________

6. Claire goes to bed early. (always) .

_________________________________________

7. Our dog doesn't eat spinach. (never)

_________________________________________

8. Mike swims in their swimming pool. (often)

_________________________________________

9. I eat my lunch in the cafeteria. (sometimes)

_________________________________________EXPRESSIONS WITH TO DO and TO MAKETO DOTO MAKE

A FAVORA CALL

A PROJECTA CAKE

A TESTA CHOICE

AN ASSIGNMENTA DEAL

AN EXAMA PRESENTATION

EXERCISEA PROMISE

GOODA VISIT

HOMEWORKFRIENDS

HOUSEWORKLOVE

THE CLEANINGFUN

THE DISHESMONEY

ERRANDSDINNER, LUNCH, BREAKFAST, TEA, COFFEE

THE LAUNDRYA MISTAKE

DO THE SHOPPINGA MESS

YOUR JOBPEACE

SOME READINGAN OFFER, AN APPOINTMENT

BUSINESSNOISE

EXERCISE I: Complete the blank by using the correct information DO or MAKE.1.-I hate to_______________the housework every day.

2.-She has to repeat the composition because she _____________lot of spelling mistakes.

3.-Be serious ,Why do you always ________fun of everything?

4.-They can_________much noise.

5.-I always________the ironing and she ________the washing up.

6.-Could you___________me a favor?

7.-I _________the shopping every Friday.

8.-I _________an appointment withthe dentist9. She always__________a delicious cake for her birthday.10.- Oh no! I think I _______ a mistake on my exam!

11- Excuse me. I need to _______ a call to my mother.

12- I'm so tired of _______ the housework. I need a holiday!

13.- They _______ an excuse about why they couldnt come to the party.

14.- After this, I need to _______ the laundry.15.-The children always_________their homework before watching tv

16.-My company__________a lot of money.

17. I cant ________exercise every day but at least I walk an hour a day.18- The teacher _________the spelling exam.

19. My sister _____________some reading every night.

20. My mother _______dinner at 6:00 pm

THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR CONTINUOUSDEFINITION:

The Present Progressive tense describes an action which is going on at the moment of speaking and is not yet completed. Form the Present continuous tense with the present tense of the verb TO BE and the present participle of the main verb. Look at this:

SHE

HE

IT

I

YOU

WE

THEY

RULES:1.- Most of the verbs add ING. Examples:

TEACH = TEACHING WORK = WORKING SPEAK = SPEAKING

2.- If a verb ends:

EXAMPLES:

WRITE = WRITING LIVE = LIVING MAKE = MAKING

3.- Double the consonant adding ING to one-syllable verbs ending in:

EXAMPLES:

SIT = SITTING PUT = PUTTING RUN = RUNNING

FORGET =FORGETTING

EXCEPTION: BEGIN = BEGINNING

4.- When a verb ends in Y, keep it and add ING: EXAMPLES:

STUDY = STUDYING STAY = STAYING FRY = FRYING

5.- Some verbs generally not used in the PRESENT CONTINUOUS. Therefore, you have to use them in SIMPLE PRESENT:Non-Progressive Verbs

The sensesEmotionalMentalPossessionExistence

feel* hear see* smell* taste* knowamaze appreciate astonish care* dislike envy fear hate like love mind need please prefer surprise want*believe desire doubt* feel* forget* imagine* know mean* realize recognize remember* suppose think* understand want*belong have* own possess appear* be* consist of contain cost* exist include* look* matter owe resemble seem sound weigh*

Verbs with a * can sometimes be used, but it has a special meaning.HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES:1.- The nurse hears his heart beating. not: The nurse is hearing his heart beating.

2.- His heart sounds good. not: His heart is sounding good.

3.- She knows how to be a good nurse. not: She is knowing how to be a good nurse.4.- The girl looks pretty. not: The girl is looking pretty.6.- ADVERBS OF TIME THAT REPRESENT THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS:

RULESEXAMPLES

+ SENTENCESElena is playing chess now.

They are studying hard in this moment

Im singing a beautiful song right now.

-SENTENCESElena is NOT playing chess now.

They are NOT studying hard in this moment

Im NOT singing a beautiful song right now.

YES/NO QUESTIONSIs Elena playing chess now? Yes, she is /No she is not (isnt)

Are they studying hard in this moment?

Yes, they are / No they are not (ARENT)

Are you singing a beautiful song right now?

Yes, I am No, I am not

WH-QUESTIONSWhat is Elena singing right now?

What are they doing in this moment?

EXERCISE I: Fill in the blanks using the Present progressive tense.

1. Anna_____________________ (rest) right now.2. I___________________________ (talk) on the phone at this moment.3. Bella_____________________________________ (cook) dinner now.4. They____________________________ (help) the teacher right now.5. He__________________________ (run) very fast!6. Julia________________________ (bake) a chocolate cake at the moment.7. I________________________________________ (have) fun!8. You_________________________________ (dance) very nicely.9. They__________________________________ (answer) all the questions.10. John____________________________ (eat) Salad, and I am eating fish.11. Marta ________________________(drive), and Chris is sleeping (sleep).12. It__________________________________ (rain).13. I____________________________________ (write) my homework.14. We__________________________ (work) on the new show right now.15. Kate______________________________________ (lie) in bed now.

16. We___________________________ (renovate) our house this week.17. She________________________________ (paint) her room today.18. I_______________________________ (write) a book these days.19. They_________________________________ (try) to sell their car.20. You_____________________________________ (look) good today.21. He______________________________ (study) to be a lawyer.22. This table_________________________________ (break) apart.23. Oliver___________________ (help) me with my homework these days.24. Luke________________________ (become) more and more handsome.25. I__________________________________ (work) on my accent.26. You_____________________________ (change) your work place.27. She_________________________________ (have) a hard time.28. This month we________________________ (stay) with my Sister.29. Eva________________________________ (look) for a roommate.30. They__________________________ (study) Spanish this summer

31. We______________________________ (go) to the movies tonight.32. She_______________________ (leave) to London tomorrow morning.33. Jenny___________________ (come) back from New York tomorrow.34. I___________________________________ (visit) Lisa next week.35. You______________________ (work) on the big project after lunch.36. They____________________________ (sing) at our club next month.37. Mark___________________________________ (meet) me for lunch.A)Complete:_____ ing ______1. eat eating

11. wear - ________

2. sit ________

12. cry - ________

3. write ________ 13. say - ________

4. run ________ 14. die - ________

5. wash ________ 15. begin -________

6. cut - ________ 16. do - ________

7. mix ________ 17. watch -________

8. make ________ 18. take -________

9. have ________ 19. paint - ________

10. go - ________ 20. drive - ________:______ ___ _______ ______ _____ _ ____B) Full forms to contracted forms.1) The children are eating Theyre eating.

2) The boy is working - _______________

3) The girl is drinking - _______________

4) The cat is eating - _________________

5) David and I are playing - ____________

6) The men are driving - _______________:_____ _ ______C) Fill in the blanks with the verbs in parentheses.1. He is drinking (drink) coffee.

2. They __________ (run) home.

3. We __________ (wash) the floor.

4. She __________ (make) the salad.

5. You __________ (watch) TV.

6. I __________ (read) a book.

7. Tom __________ (sit) on a chair.

8. My mum __________ (tie) my shoelaces.

9. My friends __________ (play) football.

10. The people __________ (shop) at the supermarket.

11. The cat __________ (chase) a mouse.

12. The dogs __________ (bark) at the postman.

13. I __________ (draw) a picture.

14. My teeth __________ (hurt).:______ ___ _______ ______ ___D) Negative forms.1) The woman is walking. (run) She isnt running .

2) I am reading. (write) - _____________________________

3) The dog is playing. (sleep) - __________________________

4) The boys are studying. (rest) - _______________________

5) My brother and I are drinking. (eat) - __________________

6) The children are playing. (swim) -______________________:______ ___ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ _ ______E) Yes/no questions.1. Are they shopping? (no) No, they arent .

2. ____ Mr. Gordan working? (yes) - _____________________

3. ____ I listening? (no) - _____________________________

4. ____ you washing the floor? (yes) - ____________________

5. ____ my parents watching TV? (no) - ___________________

6. ____ the dog barking? (yes) - ________________________

7. ____ my sister doing her homework? (no) - ______________

8. ____ I eating an apple? (yes) - _______________________:______ ___ ____ ____ ______F) Arrange the following words to have a complete sentence.1) the pupils/study English - Are the pupils studying English ?

2) the teacher/give homework - ________________________

3) your friends/play tennis - ___________________________

4) your parents/work now - __________________________

5) my mum/shop for clothes - __________________________

6) I/swim in the pool - _______________________________EXERCISE III: Complete each sentence with one of the verbs. Be careful! Sometimes you may need a question or a negative sentence.

1.- Tom's busy right now. He ________________ for the big test at the moment.

2.- There's an important presentation next Friday. I ________________ almost every night until 11:00 to get it done ontime. Im exhausted.

3.- Kate ________________ for the perfect Christmas present for her new boyfriend. I think she goes shopping every weekend these days!

4.- I _______________ my sister for a few days. I'll be in town until Thursday.

5.- What ________ you ____________ right now? Do you want to catch a movie?

6.- My doctor says that I need to lose weight, so I _______________ these days.

7.- Alex said that he was exhausted, so he ________________ some coffee now.

8.- At the moment, a lot of people are worried about the price of gas. It

________________ up and up.

9.- I ________________for my visa to get approved so I can study in Australia next year.

10.- Sylvia ________________ to save money these days because she needs to buy a new car. Her old one breaks down almost every month!

11.- Alan ________________ to go to uni at the moment, is he? He just wants

to backpack through Europe for a year.

12.- Can you answer the phone? I ________________ ready for

tonight's party.

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVESWe use the demonstrative adjectives THIS ,THAT, THESE, THOSE to draw attention to particular people, objects, animals, events, etc. They help us to locate the noun they go with in relation to the speaker in space or time.THIS and THAT are used before singular nouns. THIS and THESE shows a closer position of the object(s) to the speaker and THAT and THOSE a further position. EXERCISE 1: Look at the arrows and do what the professor wants you do.

1.- TABLES. (+)

__________________________________________________

2.- STUDENTS (-)

_________________________________________________

3.-

ORANGES (?)

__________________________________________________

4.- COMPUTER (+)

__________________________________________________

5.-

HOUSE (-)

__________________________________________________

6.- CLASSROOM (?)

_________________________________________________

7.- CELL PHONES (?)

_________________________________________________

8.- CHAIRS (+)

_________________________________________________

9.-

CAR (+)

_________________________________________________

10.- HOUSES (-)

_________________________________________________EXERCISE 2: Answer these questions.

1.- What is that? ( a table) _________________________________

2.- What is this? (a car)

_________________________________

3.- What are those? (tables)__________________________________

4.- What are these? (cars)__________________________________

5.- What is this? (a laptop)_________________________________

6.- What are these? (houses)_________________________________

7.- What are those? (horses)_________________________________

8.- What is that? (a flower) _________________________________

9.- What is this? (a dog)

_________________________________

10. What are those? (trains)_________________________________

EXERCISE 3: Answer the following questions.

1.- Are those houses? (horses).

____________________________

2.- Is that an orange? (an orange).____________________________

3.- Are these men? (women).

____________________________

4.- Is this a train? (a car).

____________________________

4.- Is that an umbrella? (a dress).____________________________

5.- Are those men? (men).

____________________________

6.- Are these chairs? (chairs).

____________________________

7.- Are those boys? (girls).

____________________________

8.- Is this a bottle of wine (beer)____________________________

9.- Are those computers (computers)____________________________

10.-Is that an ox?(a cow).

____________________________

TOPIC: THE POLITE REQUEST

Definition: Its the act of asking for permission, or expressing a desire, for something; solicitation or petition.STRUCTURE 1:

WOULD

COULD

CANEXAMPLES:

1.- Would you pass the salt, (please)?

2.- Could you leave the door open, (please)?

3.- Can you turn the radio down, (please)?

TYPICAL REPONSES1.- Certainly. Yes, certainly.

2.- Of course. Yes, of course.

3.- Sure! (INFORMAL)

STRUCTURE 2:

WOULD

DO

EXAMPLES:

1.- Would you mind turning the stereo down, (please)?

2.- Do you mind closing the door, (please)?

3.- Would you mind keeping the noise down, (please)?

TYPICAL REPONSES1.- Certainly. Yes, certainly.

2.- Of course. Yes, of course.

3.- Sure! (INFORMAL)

EXERCISE: Make a polite request for the given situations.

1.- Close the door.

6.- Turn the radio over.

2.- Open the window.

7.- Turn down

3.- Erase the board.

8.- Study English.

4.- Give some money.

9.- Be on time.

5.- Turn the radio on.

10.-Read page 10.

TOPIC: THE POSSESSIVE CASE AND FAMILY MEMBERS-RELATIVES.

Definition: Its an apostrophe that is normally used with the letter S to show ownership or possession.

Examples:

1. This is Elenas mother.

2. What are Pedros sisters names?

3. Marys parent are from Brazil.

4. Evelios father is Antonio.

5. This is Juans wife.

EXERCISE 1: Use the possessive case with the following words below.

1. the camera / Tom

___________________________

2. the eyes / the cat

___________________________

3. the daughter / Mr Smith

___________________________

4. the toys / the children

___________________________

5. the names / your friend

___________________________

6. the car / my friends

___________________________

7. the dog / the boys

___________________________

8. the dress / Jean

___________________________

9. the ball / the girls

___________________________

10. the ring / Susan

___________________________

11. the rackets / the players___________________________

12. the house / the Coopers

___________________________

13. the uncle / Bill

____________________________EXERCISE 2: Fill in the gaps with a form of the verb to be and the possessive form of a noun, so that the sentences on the right mean the same as the ones on the left. Number 1 is already done for you:

1. This backpack belongs to Jeremy.This backpack is Jeremy's.

2. That bicycle belongs to Rebecca.That bicycle____________.

3. This watch belongs to my father.This______________watch.

4. That car belongs to the plumber.That___________car.

5. Those glasses belong to Mrs. Jackson.Those glasses___________.

6. That house belongs to my grandparents.That______________house.

7. These suitcases belong to Matthew.These __________suitcases.

8. This camera belongs to our friends.This_____________camera.

9. These books belong to the teacher.These_____________books.

10.These books belong to the teachers. These_____________books.

11. These gloves belong to the gardener. These gloves_________.

12. That calculator belongs to Samantha. That calculator__________.

FAMILY MEMBERS AND RELATIVES1.- Grandparents

11.- Niece

2.- Grandfather/grandpa

12.- Nephew

3.- Grandmother/grandma

13.- Grandchildren

4.- Uncle

14.- Grandson

5.- Husband

15.- Granddaughter

6.- Wife

16.- Cousin

7.- Children

17.- Brother

8.- Daughter

18.- Siblings (sisters/brothers)

9.- Son

19.- Aunt

10. Sister

20.- Pet

21.- Parents (mother-mom-mummy/father-dad-daddy) 22.- Uncle

Mother

Father

Son

23.- Daughter

24.- STEP

Brother

Sister

QUESTIONS:1.- What are your parents names?

They are Antonio and Flor.

My parentss names are Antonio and Flor.

Their names are Antonio and Flor.

2.- Who is Antonio?

He is Evelios father.

Antonio is Evelios Father.

3.- Whos Evelios mother?

Evelios mothers Flor.

Flors is Evelios mother.

4.- How many brothers does Evelio have?

He has 5 brothers.

5.- How many children do Flor and Antonio have?

They have 15 children.ROBERTS FAMILY TREE

THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSDefinition:We use the Possessive Pronouns when we want to substitute a group of words that are indicating a possession relation.SubjectPossessive

IMine

YouYours

HeHis

SheHers

ItIts

WeOurs

YouYours

TheyTheirs

EXERCISE 1: Use the correct possessive pronoun.

1. These are my pens.______________________________

2. That was your plane.______________________________

3. Is this your suitcase?______________________________

4. Are those his shoes?______________________________

5. This was their house.______________________________

6. Is this our bus?

______________________________

7. This will be your room.______________________________

8. Will this be my desk?______________________________

9. This is my pen.

______________________________

10. That is your book.

______________________________

11. Those are his shoes.______________________________

12. That is her job.

______________________________13. These are their pencils.______________________________14. This is my chair.

______________________________

15. These are your books.______________________________

16. Is this his dog?

______________________________

17. Where are her toys?______________________________

18. These are our jackets.______________________________

19. These are our books.______________________________

20. Where are their plants?______________________________21. This book is (you).

______________________________

22. The ball is (I).

______________________________

23. The blue car is (we).______________________________

24. The ring is (she).

______________________________

25. The luggage is (he).______________________________

26. The pictures are (she).______________________________

27. In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it).____________________28. This cat is (we).

______________________________EXERCISE II: Use the correct possessive pronoun.Principio del formulario1. It is Jane's car. It's______________________.2. It isn't my book._________________is in my bedroom.3. Oh no! I have forgotten my book. Can you lend me______________?4. I met Ken yesterday. My bicycle is more beautiful tan____________.5. I like my job but Lucy doesn't like____________________.6. Whose pen is it? David, is it_______________________?7. No, it isn't_____________________; it must be Jenny's.8. Mary went to the cinema with her children last Sunday. We visited a museum with__________________.9. This house isn't the Smiths'._________________is in Market Street.10. It isn't Mary's birthday today._____________is on February 10th.11. Mark's car is not red. __________________is blue.12. The Biggs haven't got an old car.__________________is new.Final del formularioTHE OBJECT PRONOUNSObject pronouns are the pronouns that are used as the object of a verb or a preposition.

PERSONAL PRONOUNSOBJECT PRONOUNS

IME

YOUYOU

HEHIM

SHEHER

ITIT

YOUYOU

WEUS

THEYTHEM

EXERCISE I: Complete the blanks using the correct object pronoun.

Principio del formulario1. Do you like cats? I love__________.2. Dan likes Peter but Vicky hates_____________.3. Jimmy is bad at physics. I'm very good at___________.4. Mary likes this book very much. Could you give it to___________?5. Don't ask_________. I don't know.6. John! Where are you? I can't see___________.7. My mum loves my brother and me. She loves___________.Final del formularioEXERCISE III: Complete the blanks using the correct object pronoun.1. "Is he marrying Leila?""Yes, he is in love with___________!"

2. "Your son is making a lot of noise!""I'll ask______________to be quiet."

3. "Please will you ask Robert to come in.""Sorry, I don't know_________________."4. "Where are my glasses?""You are wearing____________________!"

5. "Do you like apples?""I love____________________!"

6. "Why is he always talking about Liza?""He obviously likes________________!"7. "Where is my book? Oh, here I have _________!"

8. "Is that Nancy's new boyfriend?""Don't ask me, ask_______________!"9. "What is the title of that article?""I'm afraid I can't remember______________."

10. "Look at John! He seems so happy?""His friends offer___________a guitar for his birthday!"

11. "What are you going to do with those old papers?""I'm going to recycle_______________."12. "Let's see the latest Spielberg movie!""Do you like___________?"13. "Do you want this book?""Yes.""Well, take__________ ."14. "My mother is fantastic! I like_________very much."

15. "Don't help me with this exercise! I can do________by myself."

16. "This fruit is poisoned! Don't eat___________."

17. "Take the children to bed. Don't let__________watch this movie. "18. "Why is she helping John?""She probably loves_____________."EXERCISE III: Mark the best alternative.

1)The teacher always givesthe studentshomework. Me them you

2)I am reading the book tomy little sister. her us him

3)The boys are ridingtheir bikes. it them her

4)My father is writing a letter toJohn. me her him

5)I don't knowthe answer. she her it

6)Sally is going toAnne. her him me

7)Openthe window, please. it them us

8)Can you tellthe peoplethe way to the airport, please? you them us

9)The books are forPeter. him her you

10)Can you helpmy sister and me, please? her me us

Cardinal NumbersCardinal numbers from 1 through 1,000,000

1one11eleven21twenty-one31thirty-one

2two12twelve22twenty-two40forty

3three13thirteen23twenty-three50fifty

4four14fourteen24twenty-four60sixty

5five15fifteen25twenty-five70seventy

6six16sixteen26twenty-six80eighty

7seven17seventeen27twenty-seven90ninety

8eight18eighteen28twenty-eight100a/one hundred

9nine19nineteen29twenty-nine1,000a/one thousand

10ten20twenty30thirty1,000,000a/one million

Separation between hundreds and tensHundreds and tens are usually separated by 'and' (in American English 'and' is not necessary).

110 - one hundredandten1,250 - one thousand, two hundredandfifty2,001 - two thousandandoneHundredsUse 100 always with 'a' or 'one'.

100 -ahundred /onehundred

'a' can only stand at the beginning of a number.

100 -ahundred /onehundred2,100 - two thousand,onehundredThousands and MillionsUse 1,000 and 1,000,000 always with 'a' or 'one'.

1,000 -athousand /onethousand201,000 - two hundred andonethousand

Use commas as a separator.

57,458,302ORAL PRACTICE OF THE CARDINAL NUMBERS

EXERCISE 1: LEARN THE CARDINAL NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 20. THE TEACHER WILL DICTATE SOME QUANTITIES. LISTEN CAREFULLY AND WRITE THEM ON THE PROVIDED LINES.

1.- ___________________

7.-___________________

2. ___________________

8.-___________________

3.- ___________________

9.-___________________

4.- ___________________

10.____________________

5.-___________________

11.____________________

6.-___________________

12.-___________________EXERCISE 2: LEARN THE CARDINAL NUMBERS FROM 21 TO 100. THE TEACHER WILL DICTATE SOME QUANTITIES. LISTEN CAREFULLY AND WRITE THEM ON THE PROVIDED LINES.1.- ___________________

7.-___________________

2. ___________________

8.-___________________

3.- ___________________

9.-___________________

4.- ___________________

10.____________________

5.-___________________

11.____________________

6.-___________________

12.-___________________EXERCISE 3: LEARN THE CARDINAL NUMBERS FROM 101 TO 1000. THE TEACHER WILL DICTATE SOME QUANTITIES. LISTEN CAREFULLY AND WRITE THEM ON THE PROVIDED LINES.1.- ___________________

7.-___________________

2. ___________________

8.-___________________

3.- ___________________

9.-___________________

4.- ___________________

10.____________________

5.-___________________

11.____________________

6.-___________________

12.-___________________EXERCISE 4: LEARN THE CARDINAL NUMBERS FROM 1000 TO 100.000. THE TEACHER WILL DICTATE SOME QUANTITIES. LISTEN CAREFULLY AND WRITE THEM ON THE PROVIDED LINES.1.- ___________________

7.-___________________

2. ___________________

8.-___________________

3.- ___________________

9.-___________________

4.- ___________________

10.____________________

5.-___________________

11.____________________

6.-___________________

12.-___________________EXERCISE 5: LEARN THE CARDINAL NUMBERS FROM 100.000 TO 100.000.000 THE TEACHER WILL DICTATE SOME QUANTITIES. LISTEN CAREFULLY AND WRITE THEM ON THE PROVIDED LINES.

1.- ___________________

7.-___________________

2. ___________________

8.-___________________

3.- ___________________

9.-___________________

4.- ___________________

10.____________________

5.-___________________

11.____________________

6.-___________________

12.-___________________EXERCISE 6: READ THE FOLLOWING QUANTITIES. PLEASE DONT WRITE ANYTHING , THE PRACTICE IS ORAL.

1.- 22.000.567

16.- 78.098

2.- 124.879

17.- 4.876

3.- 45.008

18.- 678.009

4.- 789

19.- 4.546

5.- 1.005.007

20.- 245.009

6.- 777.009

21.- 1.987.765

7.- 234.876.009

22.- 2.222.222

8.- 587.000

23.- 9.999.999

9.- 45.999

24.- 890.987.654

10. 333.000.333

25.- 12.123

11. 99.009

26.- 765.098

12. 876.098

27.- 10.000

13. 15.009

28.- 34.765

14. 23.987.007

29.- 1.876

15. 333.333.333

30.- 543.987.009Ordinal NumbersOrdinal Numbers from 1 through 1,000,000

1stfirst11theleventh21sttwenty-first31stthirty-first

2ndsecond12thtwelfth22ndtwenty-second40thfortieth

3rdthird13ththirteenth23rdtwenty-third50thfiftieth

4thfourth14thfourteenth24thtwenty-fourth60thsixtieth

5thfifth15thfifteenth25thtwenty-fifth70thseventieth

6thsixth16thsixteenth26thtwenty-sixth80theightieth

7thseventh17thseventeenth27thtwenty-seventh90thninetieth

8theighth18theighteenth28thtwenty-eighth100thone hundredth

9thninth19thnineteenth29thtwenty-ninth1,000thone thousandth

10thtenth20thtwentieth30ththirtieth1,000,000thone millionth

Form

Spelling of Ordinal NumbersJust addthto the cardinal number: four - fourth

eleven - eleventh

Exceptions:

one - first

two - second

three - third

five - fifth

eight - eighth

nine - ninth

twelve - twelfthTopic: The clock time:IMPORTANT QUESTIONS:

1.- What time is it?

Its five oclock.

2.- What time is it by your watch? It is at noon.

Examples:

A) [3:00] What time is it by your watch?

It is three oclock.

B) [3:06] What time is it?

Its three(and)six (minutes)

Its six past three.

Its six(minutes) after three.

C) [3:15] What time is it by your watch?

It is three fifteen (minutes)

It is three and a quarter.

It is fifteen past/after three.

Its forty five to/before four

D) [ 3:30] What time is it?

Its three (and) -thirty (minutes)

Its three and half.

Its thirty(minutes)/half past-after three.

Its thirty(minutes)/half before/to four.

ORAL PRACTICE: Ask the question and then give the right time.

1.- [2:00 p.m] 2.- [4:23 a.m.] 3.- [12:00]

4.- [5:15p.m.]

5.- [11:58 a.m.] 6.- [1:00 p.m.] 7.-[12:00] 8.- [12:45p.m.]

9.- [7:30a.m.] 10.- [3:15 a.m.] 11.-[10:34 a.m.] 12.-[5:54p.m.]

13.-[2:29p.m.] 14.-[8:10a.m.] 15.-[6:50 p.m.] 16. [11:30 p.m.]THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMSType of AdjectiveComparative ruleSuperlative ruleExampleadjective - comparative - superlative

Adjectives with one syllable, more than one vowel OR more than one consonant at the end.Add er at the endAdd est at the endtall - taller - tallestsmall - smaller - smallestold - older oldest-

Adjective ends with e and has one syllableAdd rAdd stlarge - larger - largestwide - wider - widestnice - nicer - nicest

Adjective with one syllable, one vowel and one consonant at the endDouble the last consonant, and add erDouble the last consonant, and add estbig- bigger - biggestthin - thinner - thinnestglad - gladder - gladdest

Adjective ending in Y with two syllablesChange y to i, then add erChange y to i, then add esthappy - happier - happiestangry - angrier - angriest crazy - crazier - craziest

Adjective Ending with -er, -le, or -ow with two syllablesAdd erAdd estnarrow - narrower - narrowestgentle - gentler - gentlestyellow - yellower - yellowestsimple - simpler - simplest

all other adjectives with two syllablesAdd the word more before the adjectiveAdd the word most before the adjectiveinteresting - more interesting - most interesting beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful

Exceptions:

adjectivecomparativesuperlative

badworseworst

goodbetterbest

littlelessleast

manymoremost

muchmoremost

farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest

ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVEMORE THAN TWO SYLLABLES IN YMORE THAN TWO SYLLABLES

TALL, COLDER, LONG, WISE, LARGE, THIN, BIG, SMALL, FAT, NARROW, GENTLE, CLEVER, QUIET, HOT, RED, SIMPLE, BLACK, ORANGE, YOUNG, OLD, QUICK, FAST, SLOW, STRONG, WEAK, COOL, EARLY, BRIGHT, HIGH, SOON, LATER, OFTEN, DARK, FRESH, SWEET, LOUD, GREAT, CLEAR, BRAVE, SAFE, SAD, WIDE. CLOSEHAPPY, ANGRY, BUSY, SLEEPY, NEEDY, EASY, HUNGRY, EASY, DIRTY, EMPTY, WINDY, NOISY, THIRSTY, PRETTY, LAZY, FUNNY, LUCKY, HEAVY, CHUBBY, SKINNY, TINNY, DRY,IMPORTANT, FAMOUS, INTERESTING, AMAZING, BEAUTIFUL, DANGEROUS, CAREFUL, EXCITING, COMFORTABLE, INTELLIGENT, MODERN, HANDSOME, NERVOUS, MYSTERIOUS. ELEGANT, GLAMOROUS, OBEDIENT, EXPENSIVE, COLORFUL, DELICIOUS, COMPLETE, GENEROUS, BRILLIANT, TIRED.

Examples of adjectivesEXERCISE I: Complete the following sentences by using the comparative of equality: AS.AS.

1. Rosa __________________________Miss America. (pretty) 2. The temperature ___________________it was yesterday. (high/not)) 3. The computers in the MMC ___________________the computers in the Writing Center. (fast/not) 4. The MMC ________________________a freezer. (cold) 5. Harold _____________________________Wei. (friendly) 6. The girl ___________________________her sister. (tall) 7. The man ________________________his brother. (heavy/not) 8. The bench __________________________a sofa. (comfortable/not) 9. A Honda ___________________________a Lexus. (expensive) 10. ESL 843 ________________________ESL 146. (difficult/not)

11. Bob ___________________________________Sean (happy)

12. This dog_______________ that dog. (vicious/not)13. That boy ________________________this boy. (intelligent)14. Lakes _______________________ oceans. (large/not)15. Watching television _____________________skiing. (exciting/not)16. This class ____________________________ that class. (difficult)17. Harold ___________________________ his brother (tall )

18. The assignment ________________________ the test. (important)19. Televisions ______________________ computers. (expensive/not)

20 The Amazon River___________________The Nile River (wide)EXERCISE II: COMPARATIVE FORM: Complete the gaps by using the adjective or adverbs given in parentheses.

1. My house is(big)____________________hers.2. My brother is (tall)___________________you.3. Is she (young)_____________________my sister?4. My lunch is (good)__________________________yours.5. I am (old)_________________________________you.6. This cake is (bad)_______________________that one.7. My house is (expensive)________________________yours.8. My book is (good)_____________________________yours.9. Paul is (intelligent)________________________his friends.10. My boat is (fast)_____________________________yours.11.Applesare____________________ chips.(healthy)

12. Elephants are_______________________(big)than bears.

13. Gold is__________________________silver.(expensive)

14. Bikes are___________________________than cars.(slow)

15.I am_____________________at Englishmy brother.(good)

16.My friendis_______________________ me.(tall)

17.Sandy is___________________________ Tamara.(thin)

18. My father is______________________Tom's father.(strong)

19. "Harry Potter "books are____________________"The Book of the Jungle".(interesting)

20. The tiger is____________________________a fox.(heavy)

21. The weather is_______________________ yesterday.(hot)

22. The girls are_______________________the boys.(happy)

23.Berta is___________________________Debby.(beautiful)

24.French is___________________________ English.(difficult)

25.Tina is5 years old.Sandra is10 years old.Sandra is_________Tina.(old)

26. Russia is___________________________than France.(large)

27.I am_____________________atmaths my best friend(bad)

28.Loveis____________________________ money.(important)

29.Hiscar is______________________________ mine.(cheap)

30. The first movie is____________________the second. I don't recommend it.(boring)31.The Nile river is__________________ the Amazon. (long)

32. I'm_____________ Yuri but___________Miko. (tall, short)

33. They're____________ us, but we're__________________ them. (handsome, Smart)

34. This book bag is__________________ that bag. (expensive)

35. This newspaper is____________________ that newspaper. (good)36.Soda juice tastes_____________________ fruit juice. (bad)37.Today is________________________yesterday. (warm)38.This TV program is__________________. (interesting)Principio del formulario39. A tortoise is not (fast)_______________ a rabbit.40. There is nothing (good)____________________ success.41. This exercise is (easy)______________________ the others.42. My mother is (young)______________________ my father.43. Today, the weather is ( bad)______________________ yesterday.44. For some people, reading is (interesting)____________ using a computer.45. Old people are (wise)________________________than young people.46. The school is (far)______________________away than the market.47. These shoes are (big)________________________than your feet.48 . Our house is (expensive)________________than my father's car.Final del formularioEXERCISE III: SUPERLATIVE FORMS: Make the superlative form. Add the . . . est or the most . . . to the word in brackets.1. The moon is ______________________planet to earth. (close)2. Jupiter is _______________________planet in our solar system. (large)3. Sirius is _____________________star we can see from earth. (brilliant)4. Venus is ________________________planet in our solar system. (hot)5. Ceres is ______________________asteroid in our solar system. (big)6. The Energya is _________________________________rocket. (powerful)7. Karl Henize was ____________man in space. He was 58 years old. (old)8. Saturn is ________________________________planet. (beautiful)9. Venus is _____________________planet in our solar system. (bright)10. The Apollo project was ____________________space programme. It cost 25 541 400 000 dollars. (expensive)11. Mercury is ____________________planet in our solar system. (small)12. Romenko is _________________________man in space. He spent over 420 days in space. (experienced)13. Pluto is _______________________planet in our solar system. (cold)Principio del formulario14. Peter is_______________________(intelligent) pupil of the school.15. The Grand Canyon is__________________(long) canyon in the world.16. But_______________________________(deep) is Hell's Canyon.17. John Wayne was________________(famous) cowboy in Hollywood.18. Marie is________________________________(tall) in the town.19. I am_____________________________(good) pupil in the class.20. He is____________________________(bad) pupil in the school.21. He is_____________________________(fast) boy in the world.22. This dog is____________________________(nice) in the country.23. You are_____________________________(funny) boy in the world.Principio del formulario23. Elephants are_____________________(strong) animal.24. My house is____________________(large) in the city.25. It's__________________________(bad) mark in English.26. He's______________________________(nice) in the family.27. Mickal is__________________________(talkative) in the class.28. It's__________________________(beautiful) car in the suburb.29. The armchair is_______________(comfortable) piece of furniture.30. Peter is_______________________(intelligent) boy in the family.Final del formularioEXERCISE VI: Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).

1. My house is(big)_____________________than yours.

2. This flower is(beautiful)_____________________than that one.

3. This is the(interesting)___________________book I have ever read.

4. Non-smokers usually live(long)_____________________than smokers.

5. Which is the(dangerous)_____________________animal in the world?

6. A holiday by the sea is(good)_____________than a holiday in the mountains.

7. It is strange but often a coke is(expensive)________________than a beer.

8. Who is the(rich)__________________________woman on earth?

9. The weather this summer is even(bad)____________than last summer.

10. He was the(clever)_____________________________thief of all

11. Los Angeles is(large)____________________________than Chicago.

12. But New York is the(large)______________city of the United States

13. The weather in Hollywood is(good)________than in New York or New Jersey.

14. Nestor Studios is the(old)______________movie company in Hollywood.

15. Disneyland is(interesting)___________than any other amusement park.16. London is the(large)__________________________city in Great Britain

17. No other British city has as(many)______________inhabitants as London.

18. The London underground, the tube, is the(old)_____underground in the world

19. The Tower of London is one of the(famous)___________London sights.

20. Another sight is the London Eye. With its 135 metres, it is(tall)___than any other big wheel in the world.

EXERCISE V: COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE?

Principio del formulario1. A lion is_____________________________ (big) than a cat . 2. Oh fine, it was raining yesterday but today the weather is _________ (good) . 3. I have just a little money , then I'll have _____________(cheap) menu . 4. She thinks that Chinese is________________ (difficult) than English . 5. Water is_________________________ (expensive) than champagne . 6. It's awful , we have got________________ (bad) weather in the world. 7. Your car is old ! it is______________________ (dangerous) than mine. 8. Jane is 8 and Kim is 10 ; Jane is_________________ (young) than Kim . 9. Don't be in a hurry , walk_____________________________ (slowly). 10. You'd better get up____________________ (early) tomorrow, or you'll be late again. 11. Speak_____________________________ (loud) , I can't hear you. 12. What a stupid boy you are ! a monkey is________________________ (intelligent) than you.

EXERCISE VI: Look at the picture and later complete the gaps using the comparative form or the superlative form.

1. Joe is _______________________than Ed. (short) 2. Al is the ___________________________. (short)3. Ed is the _____________________________. (thin)4. Joe is ____________________________than Al. (thin)5. Al has the _______________________clothes. (colourful)6. Al is ____________________________than Joe. (heavy)7. Ed is the __________________________. (light)8. Joe is __________________________than Ed. (happy)9. Ed is the __________________________. (mysterious)10. Joe is ________________________than Ed. (energetic)THE SIMPLE PAST TENSEA) TO BETO BEPAST + SENTENCES- SENTENCESYES/NO QUESTIONS

AM/ISWASI was happy.

She was thirty.

He was a doctor.I was not (wasnt) happy.

She was (wasnt) thirty.

He was (wasnt) a doctor.Were you happy?

Yes, I was

No, I wasnt.

Was she thirty?

Yes, She was.

No, She was not.

AREWEREYou were old.

They were sad.

We were two.You were not(werent) old.

They were not(werent) sad.

Were you two?

Were you old?

Yes, I was.

No, I wasnt.

Were they sad?

Yes, they were.

No, They werent.

EXERCISE I: Mark the best alternative.Principio del formulario1. She is thirty now, so last year she ___ twenty-nine.a. wasb. were2. ___ it a good film?a. Wasb. Were

3. I got married when I ___ twenty-seven.a. wasb. were

4. It was a great day, but we ___ so tired.a. wasb. were

5. I didn't buy those jeans because they ___ too expensive.a. wasb. were

6. When I ___ a child we lived in Rome.a. wasb. were

7. Where ___ you yesterday afternoon?a. wasb. were

8. ___ the weather good while we were away?a. Wasb. Were

9. They ___ so naughty as kids.a. wasb. were

10. Why ___ he so angry?a. wasb. wereTOPIC:SIMPLE PASTDEFINITION: It describes an action which occurred at a definite time in the past. It also indicates that action happened or existed before the present.

When we talk about simple past, we must know that in Past tense exists two different kinds of verbs:A.- REGULAR VERBS: These form their past tense by adding -ED. Here comes a problem because the final ed in past tense of regular verbs takes three different pronunciation. Look at this:

1.- When ED is added to a verb ending in T or D, the final ED is pronounced /ID/. Examples:

NEED

=NEEDED /ID/

TASTE=TASTED /ID/

DECIDE=DECIDED /ID/

CROWD=CROWDED/ID/

NOTE

=NOTED /ID/

2.- When -ED is added to a verb ending in an unvoiced consonant /p,k,sh,ch,f,s/, the final ED is pronounced /T/. Examples:

PICK

=PICKED /T/

JUMP

=JUMPED /T/

TALK

=TALKED /T/

HOPE

=HOPED /T/

RUSH

=RUSHED/T/

LAUGH=LAUGHED /T/

COUGH=COUGHED/T/

3.- When ED is added to a verb ending in a voiced consonant/b,g,v,th,j,m,n,

l,r,z/ or a vowel sound , the final ED is pronounced /D/. Examples:

PULL

=

PULLED /D/

PLAY

=

PLAYED /D/

LIVE

=

LIVED /D/

KILL

=

KILLED /D/

TURN

=

TURNED /D/

STUDY=

STUDIED /D/

CLOSE=

CLOSED /D/

EXERCISE=

EXERCISED /D/

MEMORIZE =

MEMORIZED /D/

USE

=

USED

/D/

SPELLING RULES:

1.- If a verb ends in E, omit it and add D. Examples:

CHANGE=CHANGED

CLOSE=CLOSED

2.- If the verb ends in Y preceded by a consonant, change the Y to I and and ED. Examples:

STUDY= STUDIED

MARRY= MARRIED

FRY

=FRIED

TRY

= TRIED

3.- If the verb ends in Y preceded by a vowel, keep the Y and add ED.

Examples:

PLAY

=PLAYED

STAY

=STAYED

4.- If a single final consonant follows a single stressed vowel, double the final consonant before adding ED. Examples:

PLAN

=PLANNED

ADMIT=ADMITTED

EXECISE 1: Write /ID/, /T/ or /D/ on the provided lines.

1.- TRAVELLED:________

17. LIVED:

___________

2.- CLEANED:________

18. CLOSED:

___________

3.- WAITED:________

19. OPENED:___________

4.- CALLED:

________

20. WANTED:___________

5.- REPEATED:________

21. FASTENED:___________

6.- NEEDED:________

22. SLAMMED:___________

7.- HELPED:

________

23. CLEANED:___________

8.- STAYED:________

24. TURNED:___________

9.- EXPRESSED:________

25. COOKED:___________

10. PICKED UP.________

26. PLAYED:

___________

11. THANKED:________

27. BRUSHED:___________

12. APOLOGIZED:________

28. ANSWERED:___________

13. VISITED:________

29. DESCRIBED:___________

14. RECOMMENDED:________30. INVESTED:___________

15. EXPLAINED:________

31. SAVED:

___________

16. WORKED:________

32. TRIED:

___________

EXECISE 2: Write /T/ /ID/ or /D/ on the provided lines. (THESE ARE NEW VERBS).

1.- DESCRIBE:__________

18.- ENJOYED:________

2.- FORCED:

__________

19.- APPEARED:________

3.- STUDIED:__________

20.- HELPED:________

4.- INDICATED:__________

21.- TRAVELLED:________

5.- NEEDED:__________

22.- PLEASED:________

6.- LEARNED:__________

23.- SPELLED:________

7.- PRACTICED:__________

24.- FACED:

________

8.- USED:

__________

25.- WORRIED:________

9.- MARRIED:__________

26.- DEPENDED:________

10. MANAGED:__________

27.- DECREASED:________

11. CARRIED:__________

28.- REMAINED:________

12. PLAYED:

__________

29.- POINTED:________

13. GUIDED:__________

30.- SUPPOSED:________

14. PLANNED:__________

31. REFERED:________

15. HOPED:

__________

32.- INSISTED:________

16. CRIED:

__________

33.- NOTICED:________17. SEEMED:__________

34.- ADMITTED:________ ADVERBS OF TIME OF SIMPLE PASTYESTERDAY

AGO

LAST

EXERCISE 3: REGULAR VERBS: Fill in the blanks with the past tense form of the verb in parentheses.

1.- We___________________(WORK) in our garden yesterday.

2.- I____________________(LISTEN) to the radio until twelve oclock.

3.- Yoshiko and I________________(TALK) by telephone yesterday.

4.- He always___________________(WANT) to learn English.

5.- They_______________________(LIVE) in France for many years.

6.- We ________________________(EXPECT) to go to Europe in June.

7.- The meeting__________________(LAST) about two hours.

8.- Mrs Walker__________________(CHANGE) trains in New York.

9.- We both__________________(LIKE) the movie last night every night.

10. I_________________(WAIT) almost two hours for Tom and Lynn.

11. They__________________(PAINT) their house white.

12. Daniel_________________(ARRIVE) late for class.

13. We_______________(WATCH) television until eleven oclock yesterday.

14. She_________________(STUDY) in our class last semester.

15. I_________________ (MAIL) your letter on my way to work.

16. We both__________________(LEARN) how to swim many years ago.

17. The boy______________(DELIVER) the groceries early in the morning.

18. She____________________(PLACE) her confidence in her best friend.

19. Carol __________________(WALK) all the way to the store.

20. Mother_________________(COOK) a wonderful dinner last night.

21. I______________________(WAVE) to her as she got on the plane.

22. Josh___________________(PASS) his final examination.

23. He_____________________(TURN OFF) the radio and went to sleep.

24. They____________________(MOVE) to another town.IRREGULAR VERBSSIMPLE FORMSIMPLE PASTMEANINGS

AM,IS/AREWAS/WERE /wz, w/SER o ESTAR

BEATBEAT /bit/GOLPEAR

BECOMEBECAME /bIkeIm/LLEGAR A SER

BEGINBEGAN /bIgn/EMPEZAR

BENDBENT /bnt/DOBLAR

BITEBIT /bIt/MORDER

BLEEDBLED /bld/SANGRAR

BLOWBLEW /blu/SOPLAR

BREAKBROKE /brok/QUEBRAR

BRINGBROUGHT /brt/TRAER

BUILDBUILT /bIlt/EDIFICAR

BURNBURNT/BURNED /bnt/QUEMAR

BUYBOUGHT /bt/COMPRAR

CATCHCAUGHT /kt/ATRAPAR

CHOOSECHOSE /touz/ESCOGER

COMECAME /keIm/VENIR

COSTCOST /kst/COSTAR

CREEPCREPT //krpt/ARRASTRARSE

CUTCUT /kt/CORTAR

DODID /dId/HACER

DRAWDREW /dreu/DIBUJAR

DREAMDREAMT, DREAMED /drmt ,drmd/SOAR

DRINKDRANK /drk/TOMAR, BEBER.

DRIVEDROVE /drov/MANEJAR

EATATE /eIt/COMER

FALLFELL /fl/CAER

FEELFELT flt/SENTIR

FIGHTFOUGHT /ft/PELEAR

FINDFOUND /fand/ENCONTRAR

FLYFLEW /flu/VOLAR

FORGETFORGOT /fgat/OLVIDAR

FORGIVEFORGAVE /fgeIv/PERDONAR

FREEZEFROZE /froz/CONGELAR

GETGOT /gat/TENER, OBTENER

GIVEGAVE /geIv/DAR, REGALAR

GOWENT /wnt/IR

GROWGREW /gru/CRECER

HAVEHAD /hd/TENER

HEARHEARD /hd/OIR

HIDEHIDESCONDER

HITHIT /hIt/GOLPEAR

HURTHURT /ht/HERIR

KEEPKEPT /kpt/GUARDAR

KNOWKNEW /nu, nju/CONOCER,SABER

LEAVELEFT/lft/DEJAR

MAKEMADE /meId/HACER

SMELLSMELT /smlt/OLER

SPEAKSPOKE /spok/HABLAR

SPENDSPENT /spnt/GASTAR

SELLSOLD /soldVENDER

SAYSAID /sd/DECIR, CONTAR

READREAD /rd/LEER

SEESAW /s/VER

SENDSENT/snt/ENVIAR

SHAKESHOOK /k/MENEAR, MOVER

SHINESHONE /on/BRILLAR

SITSAT /st/SENTARSE

STEALSTOLE /stol/ROBAR

SWEEPSWEPT //swpt/BARRER

SWIMSWAM /swm/NADAR

TAKETOOK /tok/TOMAR, COGER

TEACHTAUGHT /tt/ENSEAR

TEARTORE /tr/DESPEDAZAR

TELLTOLD /told/DECIR

THINKTHOUGHT /t/PENSAR

THROWTHREW /ru/LANZAR

UNDERSTANDUNDERSTOOD /ndtd/ENTENDER COMPRENDER

WEARWORE /wr/VESTIR

WINWON //wn/GANAR

WRITEWROTE /rot/ESCRIBIR

EXERCISE 1: IRREGULAR VERBS: Fill in the blanks with the past tense of the verbs in parentheses.

1.- Ms Burns___________________(COME) to visit us last night.

2.- They________________(TELL) us about their plans for the new home.

3.- The weather was warm, so we____________(SIT) on our front porch.

4.- I__________________(PUT) your hat and coat in the next room.

5.- The meeting last night___________(BEGIN) at eight and ended at ten.

6.- I stayed home last night and_____________(WRITE) several letters.

7.- He__________________(SEE) Angela on the street yesterday.

8.- This book_____________(COST) two dollars.

9.- I__________________(HAVE) my lunch in the cafeteria at noo.

10. The man_____________(DRINK) a lot of wine at the party last night.

11. I______________(GIVE) John your message.

12. Mrs Reese finally ______________(SELL) her house.

13. Anne________(HEAR) the president speak on the television last night.

14. My father___________________(KNOW) Mr Evans well.

EXERCISE 2: REGULAR-IRREGULAR VERBS, AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES: Write the verbs in parentheses using the SIMPLE PAST.

1.- Yesterday, He_____________________(TELL) me the truth.

2.- Maria___________________(UNDERSTAND) it last night.

3.- Pedro______________________(HAVE) a nice taxi last year.

4.- It________________________(EXPRESS) bad feelings to me.

5.- Juan______________________(DO) his homework last night.

6.- David______________________(HELP) the taxi drivers.

7.- Hellen_____________________(WORK) as a radio operator last year.

8.- the passenger________________(SLAM) the door.

9.- Guiselle_______________________(CLEAN) her apartment yesterday.

10. My father_____________________(LIVE) here ten years ago.

11. A good taxi driver_________________(DRIVE) very carefully.

12. Jose____________________(DRINK) some coffee some time ago.

13. The teacher______________(WRITE) the verbs on the board last day.

14. kattia________________(BE) a good taxi driver.NEGATIVE FORMForm the negative in the PAST TENSE by placing DID NOT before the simple form of the verb. The contraction is DIDNT. Look at this:FULL FORM:

I

YOU

SHE

HE

IT

YOU

WE

THEY

CONTRACTION FORM:I

YOU

SHE

HE

IT

YOU

WE

THEYEXERCISE 3: REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS: Write the verbs in parentheses using the negative form (USE FULL FORM OR CONTRACTED FORM).

1.- Yesterday, He_____________________(TELL) me the truth.

2.- Maria___________________(UNDERSTAND) it last night.

3.- Pedro______________________(HAVE) a nice taxi last year.

4.- It________________________(EXPRESS) bad feelings to me.

5.- Juan______________________(DO) his homework last night.

6.- David______________________(HELP) the taxi drivers.

7.- Hellen_____________________(WORK) as a radio operator last year.

8.- the passenger________________(SLAM) the door.

9.- Guiselle_______________________(CLEAN) her apartment yesterday.

10. My father_____________________(LIVE) here ten years ago.

11. A good taxi driver_________________(DRIVE) very carefully.

12. Jose____________________(DRINK) some coffee some time ago.

13. The teacher_____________(WRITE) the verbs on the board last day.

14. kattia________________(BE) a good taxi driver.

15. The client_________________(PAY) me $236 yesterday.

16. He______________________(NEED) to work.

17. Sebastian___________________(STAY) in his cab last night.

18. Hector______________________(GO) to the mountain last week.

19. Evelio ________________________(BRUSH) his teeth.

20. The taxi_______________________(TURN) to the right.YES/NO QUESTIONWe need the auxiliary DID or DIDNT:1.- She drove her taxi last nightDID she drive her taxi last night?

Yes, she DID.

No, She DID NOT (DIDNT).

2.- We stayed at home yesterday.DID you stay at home yesterday?

Yes, We DID.

No, We DID NOT (DIDNT).

3.- They took a shower 5 minutes ago. DID they take a shower 5 minutes

ago?

Yes, They DID.

No, They DID NOT (DIDNT)

EXERCISE 4: Write the following sentences into YES/NO QUESTION.1.- Yesterday, He told me the truth.

2.- Maria understood it last night.

3.- Pedro had a nice taxi last year.

4.- It expressed bad feelings to me.

5.- Juan did his homework last night.

6.- David helped the taxi drivers.

7.- Hellen worked as a radio operator last year.

8.- The passenger slammed the door.

9.- Guiselle cleaned her apartment yesterday.

10. My father lived here ten years ago.

11. A good taxi driver drove carefully.

12. Jose drank some coffee some time ago.

13. The teacher wrote the verbs on the board last day.BUILDINGS IN THE CITYairport- the place you go when you want to travel by plane to another city.bakery- you can buy fresh bread and cakes here.bank- you deposit or withdraw/take out your money here. You can cash a cheque.bookstore- a place where you can buy books and magazines.bus station- the place you go when you want to travel by bus to another city.butcher's- they sell fresh meat.caf- you can buy a cup of coffee and cakes or sandwiches.church- a religious place of worshipcourt- the place where they have trials and law cases. A judge works herecraft market- a place that sells typical products (normally hand-made) of a region/country.department store- a large store that sells clothes, household appliances etc. in sections.cinema/movies- you can see the latest movies here. Many people eat popcorn while they're here.fire station- the building where firemen keep their equipment including the fire-enginegas / petrol station- the place you go to put petrol (gas) in your car.gym- you can do exercises, weight training and keep fit here.hairdresser's- you go here when you want to cut your hair.hospital- you go here when you need an operation or someone is going to have a baby.hotel- where you sleep when you visit another city.gallery- you can see paintings and other works of art.jail / prison- criminals are sent here by a judge for a number of days or years.laundromat / launderette- a place where you can wash your clothes in coin-operated machines.library- a place where you can read and borrow books.museum- you can see many old objects (and sometimes paintings)pharmacy/drugstore- you can buy medicine and (legal) drugs.police station- you are taken here when you break the law and are arrestedpub- a place where you can buy a beer or other types alcoholic drinkspark- An area of public land in a city that contains an area of grass where you can rest, play or walk your dog. Sometimes children can play on swings, a slide or a climbing frame here.restaurant- you go here when you don't want to cook at home. They prepare meals for you.school- a place where children learn. You normally start school at the age of 5.square- an open area within a city in the shape of a square. It is usually the heart of the city.supermarket- a large store that sells food, drinks and household itemsvideo store- you rent a movie or a DVD for a couple of days from this place.zoo- a place where you can see many types of animals in cages.