INTRODUKSI RADIOLOGI.ppt

8/9/2019 INTRODUKSI RADIOLOGI.ppt

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DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING

INTRODUCTION

CONVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY

Dr. Azwar Boer.

Department of Radiology

Fa!lty of Mediine" #ni$. of Indone%ia" &a'arta


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()at i% Radiology*

The use of X-rays and radioactie su!stances in the dia"nosis and

treat#ent of disease


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$hat is Radio%o"y&

' Radio%o"y is the study of i#a"es of the hu#an - !ody(

A%thou"h Radio%o"y !e"an )ith the use of X-Rays and

*hoto"ra*hic fi%#s+ the #odern Radio%o"ist no) has a ariety of too%s for ,tain" *ictures, of *atients(

.any of these ne)er too%s create an i#a"e )ith a co#*u-

ter /CT0co#*uted to#o"ra*hy1 and so#e do not use any

X-Rays+ such as .Rand U%trasound(


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Discoery of X-RAY2

' $i%he%# Conrad Ront"en+ 3rofessor of 3hysics at Uniersity of $ur4"!ur"+ first #ade the discoery of

X rayon 5thNoe#!er+6578(

9e )as inesti"atin" the *heno#enon caused !y the *assa"e of an e%ectric-current+ throu"h a *artia%%y eacuated "%ass tu!e(

The stran"e %i"ht a**eared fro# a *a*er screen coered )ith !ariu# *%atinocyanide+

a f%uorescent su!stance+ )heneer e%ectrica% char"es )ere *assed throu"h the "%ass tu!e(


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Discoery of X-RAY2

9e )as inesti"atin" the *heno#enon caused !y the

*assa"e of an e%ectric-current+ throu"h a *artia%%y eacuated

"%ass tu!e(

The stran"e %i"ht a**eared fro# a *a*er screen /a f%uorescent

su!stance1+ )heneer e%ectrica% char"es )ere *assed throu"h

the "%ass tu!e(


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Discoery of X-RAY2

Ront"en discoered that these rays cou%d *ass throu"h a%% sort of o!:ects

.oreoer he cou%d see the shado) of !ones and soft tissues of his o)n

hand on the f%uorescent screen+ )hen his hand )as *%aced !et)een the

"%ass tu!e and the screen(

To docu#ent these rays+ he re*%aced the f%uorescent screen )ith

*hoto"ra*hic *%ate+ to #ae a *hoto"ra*hic record(

The *hoto"ra*h of his )ife hand+ )as )ide%y

!e%ieed to !e first eer radio"ra*h /X-ray *icture1 of a hu#an(

;Courtesy< Deutsche Ront"en .useu# + Lenne*=


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X RAY 3RODUCTION

$hen e%ectrons trae%in" at ery hi"h s*eeds are #ade to *enetrate the ato# tar"et+ transfer of ener"y fro# e%ectron

to the ato# tar"et causes interna% deran"e#ent and re%ease

of X rays(


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X-RAY2

' 6( A >or# of radiant e%ectro#a"netic ener"y

' ?( Inisi!%e to hu#an eye

' @( 3asses throu"h a%% of o!:ects

' ( Causes f%uorescence

' 8( EB*oses fi%# etc((


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>OR.ATION O> T9E X RAY I.AGE

The for#ation of a X ray i#a"ede*ends on

6( Intensity /stren"th1 of the X ray !ea#

?( 3hysica% *ro*erties of the structure throu"h )hich it *asses(

thicness+ density and ato#ic nu#!er of structures(


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>OR.ATION O> T9E X RAY I.AGE

If t)o ad:acent structures are of si#i%ar densityand

X-rays *assin"difficu%ty indistin"uishin" these t)o

structures(

2tructures )ith "reat%y differin" densities and ato#ic

nu#!er are seen c%ear%y(


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RADIOLOGIC TEC9NIUE2

' 3%ain Radio"ra*hs' >%uorosco*y

' Contrast Radio"ra*hy

' An"io"ra*hy' Co#*uted To#o"ra*hy

' .a"netic Resonance I#a"in"

' Nuc%ear .edicine

' U%tra 2ound


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3LAIN RADIOGRA392

' The i#a"es created !y X-rays( Often ca%%ed ,*%ain X-

rays,

' The i#a"e or *icture is !asica%%y a shado) of the *arts ofthe *atient that a!sor! or !%oc the X-rays(

' The i#a"e can !e co%%ected on *hotosensitie fi%#+ on adi"ita% i#a"in" *%ate+ or on a f%uorosco*ic screen(


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DIAGNO2TIC RADIOLOGY

' In the ear%y years+ the #ain indication for the X rayeBa#inations )ere to dia"nose fractures and dis%ocation+

%ocate forei"n !odies+ to isua%i4e con"enita% defor#ities+

and to eBa#ines s*ecific diseases affectin" !one(

These c%inica% indications sti%% re#ain a%id in today-

*ractice(


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? yFo fe%% on outstretched hand


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Latera% *%ain radio"ra*h of su%%(


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Nasa% Caity 3aranasa% 2inuses

' The *aranasa% sinuses are air fi%%ed caities and inc%ude thefronta%+ eth#oid+ s*henoid and #aBi%%ary sinuses(


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Cerica% 2*ine A3-Lat(


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3A( Chest


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3%ain A!do#en


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>LUORO2CO3Y

' >%uorosco*y is a techniHue for o!tainin" ,%ie X-ray

i#a"es of a %iin" *atient

' The Radio%o"ist can )atch the i#a"es ,%ie, /#oin"1

structures on a TV #onitor(

' >%uorosco*y is often used to o!sere the di"estie tract

/U**er GI series - Jariu# 2)a%%o)+ Lo)er GI series -Jariu# Ene#a 1(


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CONTRA2T RADIOGRA39Y

' 6( Jariu# studies /JA2FUGI+ LGIFJE1

' ?( Cho%ecysto"ra*hy /Ga%% J%adder1

' @( Uro"ra*hy /idney function1 /IV1' ( An"io"ra*hyFVeno"ra*hy

' 8( Arthro"ra*hy

'M( 9ysterosa%*in"o"ra*hy

' ( Ly#*han"io"ra*hy /Rare1


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Jariu# .ea%

' Radio"ra*hic eBa#ination of the sto#ach and duodenu#usin" contras #ediu# / Jariu# 2u%*hate1

' .ay !e done as sin"%e contrast /!ariu# on%y as contrast 1

or dou!%e contrast / !ariu# and "as 1 eBa#ination(

' The study ai#s to sho) the #ucosa% *attern in a%% *art of

sto#ach and duodenu#(


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Jariu# Ene#a

' Radio"ra*hic eBa#ination of the co%on usin"contras #ediu#+ to define the anato#y of the

%ar"e intestine and rectu#

' The t)o eBa#ination techniHues are sin"%econtras and dou!%e contras(

' DC techniHue < Jariu# is co#!ined )ith in-

suff%ation of air+ #uch !etter than the 2C(


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Cho%ecysto"ra*hy

' Radio"ra*hic eBa#ination of the "a%% !%adder and

co##on !i%e duct usin" ora% contras #ediu#(

' 9as !een %ar"e%y re*%aced !y #odern i#a"in"

techniHues s(a ULTRA2ONOGRA39Y and CT(


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Uro"ra*hy FIntraenous 3ye%o"ra*hy /IV31

' Radio"ra*hic eBa#ination of the urinary tract )ith

intraenous in:ections of contras #ediu#(' 2eria% radio"ra*hs shou%d !e o!tained to de#onstrate the

idney+ ureters and !%adder(


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Uro"ra*hy FIntraenous 3ye%o"ra*hy /IV31


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9ysterosa%*in"o"ra*hy /92G1

' A radio"ra*hic *rocedure that uses contrast #ateria%

in:ected into the uterus and fa%%o*ian tu!es(

' .ay !e used to dia"nose inferti%ity *ro!%e#s and

ano#a%ies of the fe#a%e "enita% tract(


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2u!ca*su%er Rena% he#ato#a


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' RADIO+OGIST,An in Vio Gross .acrosco*ist

' 3AT9OLOGI2T

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INTRODUKSI RADIOLOGI.ppt