Investigation #3

Hmm…Make some observations.

Go to http://www.amnh.org/learn/pd/dinos/gallery.html for a high resolution photo.

This fossil was found near Liaoning Province China.

Where does this organism “belong” in the cladogram on the next page?

DNA sequence of several genes was obtained. Use this to place the organism.

Fossil Cladogram

heterotroph

vertebrae

fur

Two specialized incisors

RodentsGreat ApesBirdsCrocodilians

Insects

Exposedmouthparts

Crustaceans

Two-parted limbs

Palatal valve featherOpposable thumbs

From page S45 AP Biology Investigative Labs from the College Board.

Download 3 of 4 files • http://blogging4biology.edublogs.org/2010/08/28/college-bo

ard-lab-files• Don’t open.

http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi

Click on saved strategies

Many data base choices. This exercise uses nucleotide blast to compare the fossil sequence to known organisms.

Browse for one of the saved files

Don’t change the settings.

Gene 1

Blast

Analysis

Gene entered

Number of results

Red bars compare alignment with the query.

Scroll down.Listed in order of similarity

E value is the likelihood a match occurred by chance. Lower the number the better the match.

Refer to other data bases

This score refers to gaps and substitutions. Higher=more similar alignment

Distance tree of results

Repeat with other genes• Think about your hypothesis in response to the question:

Where does the fossil fit on your cladogram?• Remember: • The higher the score, the closer the alignment.• The lower the e value, the closer the alignment.• Sequences with e values less than 1e-04 (1 x 10-4) can be though

of as related• See page S48 for additional questions and some thoughts on

designing your own investigation.

From the College Board AP Biology Investigative Labs.

Find a gene of interesthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene