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Islamic Culture & CivilizationIslamic Culture & Civilization
A.A. Law & DogmaLaw & Dogma
1. Islamic law: Shari’aShari’a— evolved from the need for a uniform legal system
- law of Abbasid Empire
2. Shari’a developed over centuries
IdeaIdea: all Muslims are equal; are brothers & sisters & share same moral values
The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam
One God
AllahAllah
Prayer5 times
a day
-facing MeccaMecca
The hajjhajj to Mecca
Fasting during month of RamadanRamadan
Giving of charity
B.B. Converts & CitiesConverts & Cities1. Religious conversion & urbanization were related:
-converts moved to wealthy, expanding urban areas
2. Social life & the practice of Islam were varied due to NO CENTRAL AUTHORITY
-treatment of females varied by region
3. Dar-al-IslamDar-al-Islam: “House of Islam” where Muslims can practice freely
C.C. Islam, Women, & SlavesIslam, Women, & Slaves1. Muslim women were veiled & secluded (haremharem)
-women could be influential in the family, but NOT in public
2. Muslim women DID have rights under Islamic law
- right to own property- to divorce- to remarry- to testify in court- to go on hajj
3. Muhammad’s 3rd wife A’ishaA’isha (married her at age 6 & consummated at 10) created idea about women:
- sexual infidelity & meddling in politics
4. Not permitted to enslave others EXCEPT when taken as prisoners of war
D.D. The Recentering of IslamThe Recentering of Islam
1. Decline of caliphate & internal conflict in 12-13th cen. caused new sources of religious authority:
a. madrasas (religious colleges)b. Sufi brotherhoods
2. Sufi brotherhoodsSufi brotherhoods: fraternities of rituals & everyday training
Islamic Caliphates
Location Society Trade Achievements
UMAYYADS
ABBASIDS