ITM Power plc€¦ · 30/07/2010 · ITM Power plc Hi h P D i F l C llHigh Power Density Fuel Cells Dr Simon Bourne, Technology Director Technical Forum, Hannover Messe 2011 ITM

ITM Power plcHi h P D i F l C llHigh Power Density Fuel CellsDr Simon Bourne, Technology DirectorTechnical Forum, Hannover Messe 2011

ITM POWER | Final Results Presentation, 30 July 2010ITM POWER | Hannover Messe, 2011ITM POWER | Hannover Messe, 2011

ITM Power plcHi h P D i F l C llHigh Power Density Fuel CellsDr Simon Bourne, Technology DirectorTechnical Forum, Hannover Messe 2011

ContentsIntroductionIntroductionThe Big Application Performance & Methods of AnalysisITM’s Materials TechnologyResults SnapshotOutlook


Company Positioning

Energy Storage | Clean FuelEssential Technology & Systems• Capture intermittent energy from renewables• Use hydrogen as an energy store

G l i i h d d• Generate electricity when needed• Zero carbon fuel for transport• Initial electrolyser products for existing markets

ITM POWER | Final Results Presentation, 30 July 2010ITM POWER | Hannover Messe, 2011

ITM’s four electrolyser product platforms (from left to right: HLab, HBox, HPac and HFlame)

ITM’s Suite of Membrane Materials

A Key Component in the Hydrogen Supply ChainA low cost, high efficiency membrane• Hydrocarbon materials• Cross-linked structure

I h f l i l• In-house formulation control• Ease of production• Acid/alkali chemistries possible• Patented worldwidePatented worldwide


Hydrogen | An Ideal Fuel?

Electrolyser | Fuel CellThe chicken & the egg• An electrolyser consumes electricity to split water into H2 & O2 gases• A fuel cell consumes H2 and O2 gases to generate electricity

A l l li d i h bl ‘ H ’• An electrolyser supplied with renewable energy generates ‘green H2’

Hydrogen & Oxygen

Fuel CellElectrolyser Electricity OutElectricity In

Water


Fuel Cells | The Big Application

ITM POWER | Final Results Presentation, 30 July 2010ITM POWER | Hannover Messe, 2011ITM POWER | Open Day PresentationITM POWER | Hannover Messe, 2011

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

Automotive FC Membrane Market Potential50 million cars made per year globally

• Average Power is 100kW

• 6.6 m2 per vehicle at 1.5W/cm2

• Represents a total of 333million m2 of membrane sales

• Nafion costs $500/m2 representing $166bn total market


Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

Hydrogen Cars Serious traction envisaged around 2015

• Air quality may drive early adoption

• Commercial fleet early adoption

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2018 2020

1000/yr 10,000/yr 100,000/yrDaimler 200

100,000/yr 250,000/yr10,000/yr100

200 1000 Commercialisation

1000/yr >100,000/yr

GM

Honda

Hyundai

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2018 2020

Ramp upRamp upPurpose design FC

hybrid vehicles

Trials, conversion design cars and niche vehicles

Potential trickle to London10,000/yr per manufacturer


Hydrogen Refuelling Infrastructure

Hydrogen Cars – Infrastructure Germany leads the way

• FC Vehicle LoI signed 2009

• H2 infrastructure MoU signed 2009

• Commitment to H2 refuelling infrastructure

• 2015 commitment to FC vehicle roll out in Germany• Letter of understanding signed 2009

• H2-mobility project for infrastructure in Germany• MoU signed 2009


Performance | Analysis

ITM POWER | Final Results Presentation, 30 July 2010ITM POWER | Hannover Messe, 2011ITM POWER | Proton Motor Fuel Cell, 24th November 2010

Key Performance Criteria

Fuel Cell PerformanceEfficiency, cost & longevity• Higher efficiency => Greater range or smaller tank• Higher power density => Lower cost

Hi h d i > S ll & li h• Higher power density => Smaller & lighter• Reduced catalyst loading => Lower cost

Heat

ElectricityHydrogen

Water

Fuel Cell

Oxygen/Air


WaterOxygen/Air


The Membrane | Catalyst InterfaceEverything in the right place at the right time

• Catalysts are used to promote the forward reaction

• Catalyst must be in contact with:

1. Ionic conductor (membrane)

2. Electronic conductor (electrode)

3. Reactant (hydrogen or oxygen)

• Electrodes must be permeable to reactants & products

• Membrane must conduct ions not electrons

• Membrane must have a low hydrogen permeability



The Classic Polarisation CurveLow voltage, high current devices

• Voltage diminishes with current draw

• Zone 1: Catalyst & Gas Permeability

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

• Zone 2: Membrane Resistance

• Zone 3: Mass Transport Restriction

• Typical operating point 600 - 700mV

• Multiple cells used in a ‘stack’



Resolving the MechanismsNumerous processes taking place simultaneously

• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

• Varying frequency AC -0.075161210Cell24 12 EISat0 5A O2 z

• Devise an equivalent electrical circuit

• Each element represents a key process or mechanism-0.050

161210Cell24_12_EISat0.5A_O2.zFitResult

Electrical & Ionic Resistance (Rm)

Catalytic Effectiveness (Rct)

L1 R m R ct Ws

CPE ct

-0.025Z''

0

0 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.1000.025

Z'


ITM Membrane Materials


Membrane Platform

A Suite of New Membrane Materials ITM’s unique selling propositions are:

• Ability to vary component chemicals to achieve desired properties

• Functional properties can be varied over a wide range

• High water content: high conductivity

• Cross linked: high resistance to dissolution

N NHCH3 O

CH3

Examples only:

N

CH2

O

CH2

CH2

O

NH

CH3

S

OOH CH2

O

OCH2

AMPSAAcrylonitrile Vinyl pyrrolidinone Allyl methacrylateAMPSAAcrylonitrile Vinyl pyrrolidinone Allyl methacrylate


Membrane Development Process

5 Years in the making:

Monomer

• Low cost• Available in bulk•Miscible with one another Quantify Trial

• Ionic conductivity• Equilibrium water content•Mechanical propertiesMonomer

Selection•Miscible with one another

• Purification

Quantify Trial Material • Fuel cell performance

• Discard failures

Quality Control

• Measurement• Feedback to define acceptable ranges Reformulation

• Review ratio of ingredients• Create matrix of formulations• Polymerise & test

Initial

• High ionic content• Homogeneous mixing• Polymerisable Map

• Establish relationships between ingredients and key functional propertiesInitial

Formulation • Tolerable mechanical propertiesMap

Propertiesproperties



Membrane Engineering5 years of development:

• Establish important properties

• Initial formulation used to cover wide range

• Identify peaks in target properties

• Reformulation to explore local maxima

• Over time, develop a map of performance

• Goal is to maximise all key properties together



Membrane EngineeringExample: Modify equilibrium water content

Gel Flexible PolymerGelVery high conductivity

Low mechanical integrity

High gas permeability

yIntermediate water content and

conductivity

Excessive expansion controlled by cross‐links

mpo

nent

Optimisation

roph

ilic

com

Flexible PolymerHigh water content

Large expansion on hydration

Intermediate conductivity

Stiff PolymerLow water content

Low conductivity

Mechanically very robust

Hyd

r

Cross-linking component



The ITM Fabrication ProcessDetailed QC experience underpins entire process

• Ultimate material properties can be modified by:• Formulation• Polymerisation route• Hydration process

• Catalyst may be incorporated during the polymerisation process

I t O t tChemical Purification Mixing Polymerisation Hydration

InputLow cost,

hydrocarbon monomers

OutputHigh value

membrane or MEA


Results Snapshot


MEA Performance

Hydrogen & Oxygen30 i30 psi


Membrane Performance

Early BenchmarkingEarly comparison with existing materials

• Identical polarisation tests – ITM & Nafion 212

• Same cells, conditions and GDL

• Pressed contact only

• Hydrogen/Oxygen

• ITM membrane ~120um thick


Membrane Performance

The Fuel Cell MEAResearch & development challenges

• Very high power density – possibly highest recorded

• Ultra high current density

• Thermal balance

• Water management

• Catalyst loading5000

6000

m2 )

• Longevity

3000

4000

sity (m

W/cm

1000

2000

Power Den

s

0Nov'0

5Ja

n'06Marc

h'06

May'06

July'

06Sep

t'06

Nov'06

Jan'07

March'0

7May

'07Ju

ly'07

Sept'0

7Nov'0

7Ja

n'08Mar'

08May

'08Ju

ly'08

Sept'0

8Nov'0

8Ja

n'09Mar'

09May

'09Ju

ly'09

Sept'0

9


Fuel Cell Development Path

The Fuel Cell MEAResearch & development

• Existing early stage project to evaluate performance with air

• Targeting the automotive sector

• More comprehensive membrane & MEA characterisation

• Carbon Trust have provided additional grant funds to extend project

• Seeking commercial partners:

Characterise membranes & MEA’s to industry protocols Seek input to development direction Avoid reinvention I d d l i Independent analysis


Outlook

• Strong Technology Platform• ISO accreditation for both UK sites• CE marked electrolyser product range – commercial launch this week• Undertaking the UK’s largest hydrogen transport trial with 21 commercial partners• A step change in fuel cell power density with oxygen

E ll l f l ll l i h i• Excellent early fuel cell results with air• Seeking commercial partners to contribute to development direction• Please visit us on stand B60


Legal Statement

Neither the information contained in these written materials nor any accompanying oral statements constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of offers to buy securities of ITM Power plc (the “Company”). All information

economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. Accordingly there can be no assurance that such estimates, projections and forward-looking statements

presented with respect to the existing business and the historical operating results of the Company and estimates, projections and forward-looking statements, if any, as to future operations are based on material prepared by management of the Company and involve significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis which may or may not be correct. In particular while the information in these written materials is believed to be

will be realized. The actual results may vary from the anticipated results and such variations may be material. Neither the Company nor any of its directors, officers, employees or advisers make any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information delivered to you, and nothing herein is, or shall be relied upon as a representation or warranty with respect to past or future facts or particular, while the information in these written materials is believed to be

accurate it has not been subject to independent audit verification. Such estimates, projections and forward-looking statements, if any, reflect various assumptions of management concerning the future performance of the business of the Company, and are subject to significant business,

as, a representation or warranty with respect to past or future facts or results. This information is made available to you on the basis that you have confirmed to us that you are an "accredited investor" as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D of the Securities and Exchange Commission.


Documents

ITM Power plc€¦ · 30/07/2010 · ITM Power plc Hi h P D i F l C llHigh Power Density Fuel Cells Dr Simon Bourne, Technology Director Technical Forum, Hannover Messe 2011 ITM