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Its Influence

on American Architecture, Culture, and Government

by Susan Hardin

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Susan Hardin© 2012

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Essential Questions: 1. How can you locate Athens, Greece on a world map? 2. How did ancient Athens, Greece influence American

architecture? 3. How did ancient Athens, Greece influence American

culture? 4. How did ancient Athens, Greece influence American

government?

Use the first pages for whole class viewing. We view them on our smartboard in a notebook document, but for the purpose of resale, I have written them in a pdf file. In the lessons that follow, I will refer to whole class viewing pages as the smart board (SB) lesson. I have included additional pages in black and white for more economical printing of multiples as well as clipart or photos for cut and paste activities.

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Part 1

Location of Greece

And

Greece’s Influence on American Architecture

and Culture

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Locate Greece on a map.

Notice the pink boot? That is the country of Italy.

*************************

Greece is just to the right of the heel.

So, the next time you need to locate Greece, just look for the boot!

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Locate Greece on this map.

What is the body of water

that borders Greece?

Border means to surround or touch on the edges. Look at the body of water that “touches Greece

on the edges”.

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Can you find Athens,

the capital of Greece?

On this map, the capital is located with a star next to it.

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We get many architectural ideas from

the ancient Greeks.

(Architecture means how buildings are designed.)

Athens’ ancient Parthenon is one example.

This building, The Lincoln Memorial, is located in

Washington, D.C. and looks very similar to the

ancient Greek building, the Parthenon.

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Compare the architectural design of the Parthenon to another building in the U.S.,

The Supreme Court.

Many of our buildings today use this same style.

This building, The Supreme Court, is located in

Washington, D.C. and looks very similar to the

ancient Greek building, the Parthenon.

Architectural Similarities: *Columns *Carvings

*Marble steps

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We get our Olympics from the

ancient Greeks.

The Olympic rings represent both Olympics.

Here is a word from the Greeks:

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Olympics We get our Olympics from the

Ancient Greeks.

Ancient Greeks competed in marathon running games, and so do we today.

Another word from the Greeks:

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marathon We get our Olympics from the

ancient Greeks.

This is where people come see the Olympic games.

Two more words with Greek origins: coliseum

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stadium We get our Olympics from the

ancient Greeks.

Winners were recognized in both Olympics for success.

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Can you compare the Olympics of today with the Olympics of Ancient Greece?

Directions: Come to the Smart board. Choose from the word bank around the sides, and compare by writing

words or phrases in the correct area of the Venn diagram.

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Answer Key

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Part 2

Greece’s Influence on American Government

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What is democracy?

Democracy started in Athens, Greece. It most likely started with Greek political ideas.

Democracy means rule by the people. A democracy is a government in which the leaders

are elected. A democracy is a way of governing, in which the

whole group of citizens takes charge of its own affairs.

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Why did Athenians want democracy for their city?

In Athens, the middle -class citizens made up the largest part of the army. If the middle-class were unhappy about the government, the army might change sides in the event of war. The purpose of democracy was to assure the middle class that they had a voice in government. Having this voice in the government allowed them to have their ideas count in the decisions that were made.

The threat of war was always present. A country without a strong army would easily be taken over by another country.

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People of Athens believed that citizens should be the ones to

choose their leaders.

If we, the citizens, choose our leaders, then our leaders should feel they must do what we wish. If the leaders don’t do what the citizens want, then on the next voting day, Election Day, the citizens may vote someone else to take the leaders’ place. They will lose their elected job.

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In ancient Athens, jury members were chosen by lottery

from among the citizens.

A lottery is a process of choosing

people, like drawing a name out of a hat.

A jury is a group of people, in a court of law, who decide if a person is innocent or

guilty of a crime they have been accused of.

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We, the United States, used Athens’ democracy as a model for our government, but...…

There was a unique problem with the democracy of the Ancient Greeks.

Here is the problem:…

MOST PEOPLE COULD NOT VOTE!

Why? Because,

First... you had to be a citizen to vote. Second... most people were not citizens. Women and slaves were not citizens.

Conclusion

Athens was not a true democracy.

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There are 2 different types of democracies.

Representative Democracy Verses

Direct Democracy

A group of citizens send a person to government to

represent them, or vote for them.

All the citizens vote. This means all the citizens go to the government.

Athens, Greece had this form.

United States has this form.

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Written law was recorded for the first time in Greece during the sixth century B.C.

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Click anywhere on the picture below, and learn more about Greek life.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/greek_world/

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Name______________________ Date_____________________

Influence of Ancient Greece: Architecture, Culture, and Government

Matching Review

Directions: Write the letter of the word or phrase in the box that matches the sentences below.

_______ 1. A form of government where all citizens directly participate in the decision making process. _______ 2. What was first recorded in Greece in the 6th century? _______ 3. What did democracy most likely begin with? _______ 4. How were jury members selected in ancient Greece? _______ 5. A form of government where people choose others to represent them. _______ 6. Which architectural element is often seen in buildings and often associated with Greece? _______ 7. A form of government where the citizens take charge of their own affairs by electing their leaders. _______ 8. Which ancient Greek building looks similar to the U. S. Supreme Court and Lincoln Memorial? ________ 9. A group of people in a court of law that decide if a person is innocent or guilty of a crime they are accused of committing.

a. Parthenon b. written law c. political ideas d.. columns e. democracy f. lottery g. jury h. representative democracy i. direct democracy

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Clip art needed for cut and paste activity on day 1.

Ancient Greek Parthenon

Lincoln Memorial

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U. S. Supreme Court

U. S. Supreme Court

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Name_____________________________ Date _________________________ Can you find Greece on this map of Europe?

Directions:

*Color Italy green. *Color Greece yellow. *Draw a red dot where the capital city of Athens is located. *Color the Mediterranean Sea that boarders Greece, light blue.

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Role Play Voting Activity as a Direct Democracy and then

as a Representative Democracy activity

After a short discussion of how ancient Athenian democracy worked, begin to explain to students the difference between a direct democracy and a representative democracy. Then, students will participate in each type of election as a class. Election number one will be using the direct democracy approach in which each child votes individually on a topic. Some possible topics may include voting on playing kickball or free play for recess, eating lunch in the cafeteria or the classroom, or choosing a class nickname or motto, etc. The second election will be using the representative democracy approach. Each group chooses a leader to represent the whole group. Make sure the group leaders know that their vote is supposed to represent “majority rule” not their personal feelings. Vote on the same issue as you did for the direct democracy and compare the results. Let each group take turns choosing a new leader so that students see how the views of the group as a whole should influence the decision of the group leader. After the elections are completed, students will create a Venn diagram (or a double bubble map if you are familiar with thinking maps) to compare and contrast both types of democracy. Discuss as a group the pros and cons of both elections. Have students think about these questions: Did each voting topic still have the same outcome? Why did the elections turn out the way they did? Explain to students that we are a representative democracy in the United States; modeled after the ancient Greeks.

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“The Olympics” by Susan Hardin

If you have ever seen the Olympics, they might

seem modern, but they are really from ancient times. The first Olympics were held in Greece over 2,700 years ago. Athletes from the area around Greece came to compete in games. They ran races, wrestled, and competed in other sports. In ancient days, only men competed in the Olympics. The Olympics of today, are based on those of long ago. Today both men and women participate. In 1996, the Olympics were held in Atlanta, Georgia, here in the United States. Athletes from 197 countries came to compete in many of the same games. For some of the winners of ancient Greece, a laurel wreath was made from olive leaves, and placed on their heads. For others, valuable pottery was the ancient reward. Today, medals of gold, silver and bronze are given to the winners placing first, second and third in their competitions.

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Name _______________________ Date ___________________

1. How many years ago were the first Olympics in

Greece held? ________________________________________________

2. In ancient times, where did the athletes come from to compete in the Olympic Games? ________________________________________________________

3. In ancient times, what were two of the competitions? ________________________________________________________

4. In ancient times, who competed in the Olympics? ________________________________________________________

5. In 1996, in which city and state was the modern day Olympics held? _________________________________________________________

6. How many countries were represented in the 1996 Olympics? _____________________________________________

7. What were two items given to winners of the Olympics in ancient time? _________________________________________________________

8. What is given to winners of modern day Olympics? ________________________________________________________

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Name_________________________________ Test Date __________________

The Influence of Greece

Study Guide

1. Democracy is a government in which leaders are elected. 2. Democracy means rule by the people (citizens). 3. In a direct democracy, citizens meet together to make decisions about

governing their city, state, or nation. 4. In a representative democracy, citizens choose other citizens to

represent, or stand for, them in government. 5. Athens had the first democracy. 6. The United States is a representative democracy. 7. Athens was a direct democracy. 8. Athenians believed that the people should be able to choose their own

leaders. 9. Leaders in the United States government are chosen by its citizens. 10. Greece is located in Europe. Be able to locate it on a map of Europe. 11. The architecture, or building design, of many government buildings in The

United States were influenced by Greek architecture, as seen in the use of columns, marble steps, and carvings.

12. The U.S. Supreme Court building and The Lincoln Memorial are two example of Greek architectural influence. The U.S. Supreme Court building and The Lincoln Memorial look much like the Ancient Greek building called The Parthenon.

13. The Olympics began in Greece. 14. Be able to compare and contrast the Olympics of today with the Olympics

of Ancient Greece. They are similar in that...

i. the Olympic symbol of the rings represented both of the Olympics.

ii. They both held marathons iii. They both recognized their athletes

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They are different in that...… In Ancient Greece

i. Only males could compete. ii. Olympians were given laurel wreaths and pottery as

recognition. iii. The place where people come to see the Olympics was called

the Coliseum. Today...

i. Both males and females can compete. ii. Olympians are given medals as recognition. iii. One of the places where people come to see the Olympics is a

stadium.

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Name_________________________________ Test Date __________________

The Influence of Greece

Unit Test Circle the answer to the following questions.

1. Democracy means a. ruled by a king b. ruled by a small group c. ruled by the people or citizens

2. In this type of democracy, citizens meet together to make decisions about

governing their city, state, or nation. a. direct democracy b. dictatorship c. representative democracy

3. In this type of democracy, citizens choose other citizens to represent, or

stand for, them in the government. a. direct democracy b. dictatorship c. representative democracy

4. Athenians believed that the people should be able to choose their

own______. a. leaders b. king c. president

5. Leaders in the United states government are chosen by its

a. men only b. citizens c. jury

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6. Democracy originated, or started in a. Athens, Greece b. Washington, D. C. c. Rome, Italy

7. Who was given the right to vote in ancient Athens?

a. adult males b. adult females c. foreigners living in Athens

8. What type of democracy was practiced in ancient Athens?

a. free b. direct c. representative

9. What type of democracy is practiced in the United States today?

a. free b. direct c. representative

10. Which of the following structures in Washington, D.C., most shows influence of Greek architecture as seen in the Parthenon?

a. Washington Monument b. U. S. Supreme Court building c. White House

11. Which architectural element, often seen in government buildings, is associated with ancient Greece?

a. domes b. columns c. porches

12. Where is Greece located? a. in North America b. in Italy c. in Europe

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13. Where did the Olympics begin? a. the United States b. Atlanta c. Greece

14. How are the Parthenon and the Lincoln Memorial building alike? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. – 23. Use the words in the word/phrase bank to fill in the double bubble map, to compare and contrast the Olympics of ancient Athens to the Olympics of today.

Word / Phrase Bank

marathons coliseum rings stadium

recognized their athletes only males could compete medals given as recognition

laurel wreaths as recognition both males and females could complete

Olympics of Ancient Athens

Modern Day

Olympics

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24. Which letter shows the location of Greece. a. A b. B c. C

A B

C

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Lesson Plans

Influence of Ancient Greece: On American Architecture, Culture, and Government

By Susan Hardin

Lessons based on the following Georgia Performance Standards.

SS3H1 The student will explain the political roots of our modern democracy in the United States of America. a. Identify the influence of Greek architecture (Parthenon = U. S. Supreme Court building), law, and the Olympic Games on the present. b. Explain the ancient Athenians’ idea that a community should choose its own leaders. c. Compare and contrast Athens as a direct democracy with the United States as a representative democracy. K-5 EU: The student will understand that people’s ideas and feelings influence their decisions. K-5 EU: The student will understand that laws and people's beliefs help decide who gets to make choices in government. K-5 EU: The student will understand that where people live matters.

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Prior to lessons, have students begin a circle map with the words Ancient Greece in the center circle. They will add to this thinking organizer each day. Day 1: View Part 1 of smart board lesson Influence of Greece on “Location of Greece and Greek Influence on American Architecture and Culture” pages 4-6. Have students write new information learned on their circle maps. Preparation: make copies of map of Europe (page 27). Hand out copies of the map page and have students locate and color the following: The country of Italy (the boot), the country of Greece, the city of Athens, and the Mediterranean Sea that boarders Greece.

Ancient Greece

New information is to be written inside the outer circle,

bullet style.

A Big Idea question can go at the top,

here.

A Big Idea answer can go at the bottom, here.

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Day 2: Preparation: Make copies of building pages = 1 picture of each building per student. (Note: There are 2 pictures of the Supreme Court on one page for half the printing.) Hand out copies of buildings and long (12x17) construction paper. Fold the paper in half (hamburger style). Have students paste the ancient Greek Parthenon on top half. Have them paste the other buildings on the bottom half. Have students label the similarities on each building: carvings, columns, marble steps (This is a good activity to post on bulletin board or in hall with the standard.) Day 3: Click on link of last slide of SB lesson (page 23), to explore “The Greek World”. Use SB lesson (page 13) to have students come to smart board and write in the Venn Diagrams, to sort topics by Ancient Greek Olympics, Modern Day Olympics or Both. See SB lesson (page 14) for answer key. Have students add to their circle maps. Day 4: Preparation: Make copies of “The Olympics” with questions printed on the back (pages 29-30). Read the article I wrote called, “The Olympics”, and have students read to locate the answers for the comprehension questions. Afterwards, have students add new information learned to their circle maps. Day 5: Preparation: You will need to register at one of the following links. It is free. http://www.gpb.org/education or http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/

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Watch United Streaming Video “My Big Fat Greek Olympics”. Have students add new information learned to their circle maps. Use construction paper and fold it so there are eight squares. Inside the four on the left, have students illustrate and label items associated with ancient Greek Olympics (i.e. laurel wreaths, marathon, coliseum, only males). Inside the four squares on the right, do the same but with items associated with modern day Olympics (i.e. medals, marathons, ice skating or other activities, both males and females, many countries). (This is a good activity to post on bulletin board or in hall with the standard.) Day 6: View SB lesson (pages 15-20). Read and discuss voting in Ancient Greece. Have students add to their circle maps. Day 7: View SB lesson (pages 21). Read and discuss the two types of democracy. Give instructions for role playing activity (see page 28). Have students add to their Circle maps. Day 8: Hand out the study guide. Have students work with a partner to quiz each other over the material. Give “Matching Review” (page 24) for a grade. I have provided a key (page 26). You may choose to allow them to use their study guide to locate the answers. Day 9: Have students make a “double bubble map” to compare and contrast ancient Olympics to modern day Olympics (pg 48). This is similar to the Venn Diagram. Draw two circles “bubbles” with the names of the topics to be compared. Draw circles between the two title circles to list items that are similar between the two of them (how they are alike). Draw lines connecting bubbles (see test answer key). Then draw more circles on the outsides to list differences, and

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connect with lines. Note: The number of circles “bubble” do not have to be the same on each side. See the double bubble map on the test key for an example. Day 10: Play this simple whole class game “Mystery Phrase”, using the study guide to review. Divide the class into table teams or simply girls and boys. Think of a unit-related phrase, like “The United States was influenced by Greek Architecture and Culture”. Write this phrase on the board, but use blanks instead of letters. Using the study guide, ask a student from one group a question. If he or she answers correctly, he or she gets to guess a letter (no vowels). If the letter appears in the phrase, let the student roll the dice to determine points. Now fill in all the blanks in the mystery phrase where that letter belongs. For scoring, multiply the point value on the dice times the number of blanks revealed with their letter choice. (example: If a student choose the letter “t” in the phrase above, and rolled a 5 on the dice, the score would be 35 = 7 x 5). Record that score on the board under that team’s name and now call out a question for the next player on the second team. (I draw an area called the Used Letter Board, where I list letters that have already been called out but were not in the puzzle.) When all blanks are revealed, and there are only vowels left, I allow that team to try and guess the phrase for an additional 30 points. If they can’t do it, then the next team gets to try. Another option would be to allow them to “spend” some of their points to “buy” vowels, like in Wheel of Fortune. Day 11: Give Test

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KEY

Influence of Ancient Greece: Architecture, Culture, and Government

Matching Review

Directions: Write the letter of the word or phrase in the box that matches the sentences below.

____i___ 1. A form of government where all citizens directly participate in the decision making process. ____b___ 2. What was first recorded in Greece in the 6th century? ____c___ 3. What did democracy most likely begin with? ____f___ 4. How were jury members selected in ancient Greece? ____h___ 5. A form of government where people choose others to represent them. ____d___ 6. Which architectural element is often seen in buildings and often associated with Greece? ___e____ 7. A form of government where the citizens take charge of their own affairs by electing their leaders. ___b____ 8. Which ancient Greek building looks similar to the U. S. Supreme Court and Lincoln Memorial? ____g____ 9. A group of people in a court of law that decide if a person is innocent or guilty of a crime they are accused of committing.

b. Parthenon b. written law c. political ideas d. columns e. democracy f. lottery g. jury h. representative democracy i. direct democracy

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KEY The Influence of Greece

Unit Test Circle the answer to the following questions.

16. Democracy means a. ruled by a king b. ruled by a small group c. ruled by the people or citizens

17. In this type of democracy, citizens meet together to make decisions about

governing their city, state, or nation. a. direct democracy b. dictatorship c. representative democracy

18. In this type of democracy, citizens choose other citizens to represent, or

stand for, them in the government. a. direct democracy b. dictatorship c. representative democracy

19. Athenians believed that the people should be able to choose their

own______. a. leaders b. king c. president

20. Leaders in the United states government are chosen by its

a. men only b. citizens c. jury

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21. Democracy originated, or started in a. Athens, Greece b. Washington, D. C. c. Rome, Italy

22. Who was given the right to vote in ancient Athens?

a. adult males b. adult females c. foreigners living in Athens

23. What type of democracy was practiced in ancient Athens?

a. free b. direct c. representative

24. What type of democracy is practiced in the United States today?

a. free b. direct c. representative

25. Which of the following structures in Washington, D.C., most shows influence of Greek architecture as seen in the Parthenon?

a. Washington Monument b. Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall c. U. S. Supreme Court building d. White House

26. Which architectural element, often seen in government buildings, is associated with ancient Greece?

a. domes b. columns c. porches

27. Where is Greece located? a. in North America b. in Italy c. in Europe

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28. Where did the Olympics begin? a. the United States b. Atlanta c. Greece

29. How are the Parthenon and the Lincoln Memorial building alike?

both include the following architectural elements: columns, marble steps, and carvings

15 – 23. Use the words in the word/phrase bank to fill in the double bubble map, to compare and contrast the Olympics of ancient Athens to the Olympics of today.

Word / Phrase Bank

marathons coliseum rings stadium

recognized their athletes only males could compete medals given as recognition

laurel wreaths as recognition both males and females could complete

Olympics of Ancient Athens

Modern Day

Olympics

marathons

rings

recognized their

athletes

stadium

both males and females

compete

only males compete

medals given as

recognition

laurel wreaths as recognition

coliseum

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24. Which letter that shows the location of Greece. a. A b. B c. C

A B

C

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Name ________________________________ Date_____________________________

Double Bubble Activity for Comparing and Contrasting

Directions: Use the word / phrase band to compare and contrast ancient Greece to the United States today.

Word / Phrase Bank

marathons coliseum columns rings stadium

recognized their athletes in Olympics only males could compete in Olympics

medals given as recognition laurel wreaths as recognition

both males and females could complete in Olympics

direct democracy representative democracy

Ancient Athens

United States