1

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ITU Standardization and its new Environment

Madrid, Spain, 12th December 2002

by

Houlin ZHAO

DirectorTelecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB)International Telecommunication Union, Geneva

Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 – SwitzerlandTel: +41 22 730 5851 Fax: +41 22 730 5853

E-mail: tsbdir@itu.intITU Home page address: http://www.itu.int

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1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine

between Washington and Baltimore1865 Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations.1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone

1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee)1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee)1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee)1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to

International Telecommunication Union

1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International

Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors:

ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD

ITU Landmarks

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TSBStructure of the ITU

PlenipotentiaryConference

RadiocommunicationSector

TelecommunicationStandardization Sector Development Sector

World Conferenceson International

Telecommunications

WorldTelecommunication

StandardizationAssembly (WTSA)

Council

Radio RegulationsBoard

StudyGroups

DirectorSecretary-GeneralDeputy Secretary-General

CoordinationCommittee

General Secretariat

StudyGroups

StudyGroups

AdvisoryGroup

Bureau

Director

Bureau

AdvisoryGroup Director

Bureau

AdvisoryGroup

World/RegionalConferences

RadiocommunicationAssembly

World/RegionalConferences

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• mainly financed by Governments

• work dominated by industry

• procedures very efficient, no longer slow • seek effective cooperation with SDOs to share the work

• should be open to emerging technologies

• should be open to researchers / students

• try to keep its pre-eminent status

Situation of ITU Standardization

5

TSBCCITT and ITU-T

CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee):1956 1st Plenary Assembly 1960 2nd Plenary Assembly Red Books1964 3rd Plenary Assembly Blue Books1968 4th Plenary Assembly White Books1972 5th Plenary Assembly Green Books

1976 6th Plenary Assembly Orange Books1980 7th Plenary Assembly Yellow Books1984 8th Plenary Assembly Red Books1988 9th Plenary Assembly Blue Books

ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector):1993 1st World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki1996 2nd World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-96), Geneva2000 3rd World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-2000), Montreal

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TSBFunctions of ITU-T

"The functions of the Telecommunication Standardization Sector

shall be, bearing in mind the particular concerns of the developing

countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union relating to

telecommunication standardization, as stated in Article 1 of this

Constitution, by studying technical, operating and tariff Questions

and adopting Recommendations on them with a view to

standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis"

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TSBOrganizational Structure of ITU-T

WORLD TELECOMMUNICATIONSTANDARDIZATION ASSEMBLY

TELECOMMUNICATIONSTANDARDIZATIONADVISORY GROUP

STUDY GROUP

WORKINGPARTY

R

STUDY GROUP STUDY GROUP

WORKINGPARTY

WORKINGPARTY

R R R

R = RAPPORTEUR GROUP

- Workshop / forum - Focus Group- Joint Group- Project team

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TSBITU-T Study Groups and TSAG

Study Group 2: Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance

Study Group 3: Tariff and accounting principles including relatedtelecommunications economic and policy issues

Study Group 4: Telecommunication management, including TMN

Study Group 5: Protection against electromagnetic environment effects

Study Group 6: Outside plant

Study Group 9: Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission

Study Group 11: Signalling requirements and protocols

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TSBITU-T Study Groups and TSAG

Study Group 12: End-to-end transmission performance of

networksand terminals

Study Group 13: Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and

their internetworking

Study Group 15: Optical and other transport networks

Study Group 16: Multimedia services, systems and terminals

Study Group 17: Data networks and telecommunication software

SSG: IMT-2000 and Beyond

TSAG: Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group(Priorities: IP, Mobility, next generation, security, …)

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3 months minimum

1 month minimum

4 weeks

SG or WPmeeting

SG or WPdetermination

Chairman'srequest

Edited textavailable

Consultation period

Director'sannouncement

Director's request

Textdistributed

Director'snotification

Deadline forMember States' replies

SGdecision

SGmeeting

7 working days

maximum

Approval of new and revised Recommendations -Sequence of events (TAP)

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Approved

Director’s Notification

SG or WP

Meeting

Edited Text

for LC

Director’s Announcement

and Posting for LC

(a)

(b)

(c)

Comment Resolution

Edited Text

Available

Director’s Announcement

and Posting

SG Meeting

(a)

(a)

(b)

Director’s Announcement

and Posting for AR

(b)

3 weeks

4 weeks LC

3 weeks AR

LC: Last Call AR: Additional Review

AAP Sequence of Events(extract from Rec. A.8)

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• Questions (projects)• Contributions driven (normal contributions, delayed contributions,

temporary documents)• face-to-face meeting:

- debate, determination, approval of reports, approval of Questions - SG/WP meetings: decision making; Rapporteur meetings: develop texts• Decision = consensus, unanimous agreements• Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda, supplements)

draft Recommendations, determined draft Recommendationsapproved Recommendations, pre-published Recommendations,published Recommendations

• Implementor’s Guides• Meeting reports• Electronic submissions, web consultations, email, ftp• Paperless meeting – LAN/Wireless – LAN connections in meeting rooms

Working methods

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TSBITU-T Recommendations Series (1)

Series A Organization of the work of the ITU-T

Series B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification

Series C General telecommunication statistics

Series D General tariff principles

Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors

Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services

Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks

Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems

Series I Integrated services digital network

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Series J Transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals

Series K Protection against interference

Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant

Series M TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits

Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits

Series O Specifications of measuring equipment

Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks

ITU-T Recommendations Series (2)

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TSBITU-T Recommendations Series (3)

Series Q Switching and signalling

Series R Telegraph transmission

Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment

Series T Terminals for telematic services

Series U Telegraph switching

Series V Data communication over the telephone network

Series X Data networks and open system communication

Series Y Global information infrastructure and internet protocol aspects

Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunicationsystems

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TSBBest Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations

2002 - Best selling texts (in the order of sales number as of 23/10/02):

G.703 (Pre Pub) G.707/Y.1322 G.711 G.783 G.652 G.957

X.509 G.709/Y.1331 H.263 H.323 G.826 G.726 T.6

G.704 G.709/Y.1331 Amdt 1 (Pre Pub) G.723.1 G.825 G.655 G.813

T.4

Some well-known ITU-T Recommendations:

E.164 E.190 E.212G.652 G.655 G.692 G.703 G.704 G.711 G.720 G.723 Annex A+disk G.723.1 G.729+Annex A+disk G.780-series (SDH) G.826 G.957 G.982 G.990-series (xDSL)H.225.0 H.245 H.248 H.263 H.323 H.324 H.450 I.365 I.432 I.731 J.112 J.117M.3010 M.3100 M.3400Q.931 Q.1700-series (IMT-2000)T.30 T.37 T.38 V.34 V.44 V.59 V.90 V.92X.25 X.36 X.509 X.680-series (ASN.1) X.690 X.840-seriesY.1310 Y.1540

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before 1988 1989-1993 1993-1996 1997-2000 2001-2004

Approval time

4 years

2 years

18 months

9 months (exceptional

case: 5 months)

2-9

months

Publication time

2-4 years

2 years

1-1.5 year

6-12

months

3-9 months

Notes: 1. Pre-published Recommendations, available on ITU-T Website, from a few days

to four weeks after approval of the text. 2. Recs in force, pre-published, superseded/obsolete: available on ITU-T Website. 3. Forms of publication: paper, CD-ROM, electronic bookshop, online, etc.

4. FREE ONLINE ACCESS SINCE JANUARY 2001 (one free access per member, 3 free downloads for public) 5. “Approval time” counted between “determination/consent” and final approval

Approval and publication time of Recommendations

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TSBITU-T's main work areas

Three major items:

- IP-related issues

- IMT-2000

- Accounting rates

Other items:

- Multi-media, access networks (xDSL), optical transmission,security, numbering and addressing, inter-operabilities, IPR, etc.

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TSBITU-T’s work on voice coding

7 kHz band - wideband (G.722-series)

4 kHz band - analogue

64 kbit/s - PCM, G.711, 1972

32 kbit/s - ADPCM, G.721, 1984

16 kbit/s - G.728, 1992

8 kbit/s - G.729, 1996

4 kbit/s - G.4kbps

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TSBITU-T’s work on still picture coding

Classic facsimile (G3, G4) T.4, T.6

B/W still pictures (JBIG) T.82, T.83

Cont. tone colour (JPEG) T.81

(lossless) (JPEG-LS) T.86

(JPEG-2000) T.800

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TSBITU-T’s work on moving picture coding

H.261 - video coding at n x 64 kbit/s

H.262 - generic video and audio coding

H.263 - video coding for low bit rates

H.264 - advanced video coding in progress (= MPEG-4 Part 10) (consent expected February 2003)

- improved multimedia video coding

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Year9.6 kbit/s28.8 kbit/s

56.6 kbit/s

128 kbit/s

2 Mbit/s

640 kbit/s

8 Mbit/s

25 Mbit/s

50 Mbit/s

1989 1997 2000

Analog modems

ISDN

HDSL/ADSL

VDSL

OPTICALACCESS

622 Mbit/s

Access network

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TSBITU-T’s work on Optical networking

Fully optical networks

Increased bit rates (up to 40 Gbit/s)

Use of multi-wavelength techniques DWDM

Use of optical amplifiers

Interoperability and interconnection

Submarine optically amplified DWDM

Access networks for new high speed services

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TSBITU-T’s products for IP-networks

E.164 …

G.707 (SDH), G.709 (OTN), G.722 (7 kHz), G.728 (16 kbit/s), G.729 (8 kbit/s), G.99x (xDSL) …

H.248 (gateway), H.323 (multimedia systems) …

I.365 (FR), I.432 (B-ISDN), I.732 (ATM) …

J.112 (Cable TV), J.16x + J.17x (IPCablecom) …

M.3120 (CORBA for TMN) …

Q.933 (DSS1), Q.1300 (TASC), Q.1930 (BICC), Q.27xx (B-ISDN), Q.29xx (DSS2) …

T.37, T.38 (IPfax), T.12x (multimedia conference) …

V.29 (9.6 K modem), V.34 (34 kbit/s), V.90/V.92 (56 kbit/s) …

X.25, X.75, X.76 (FR), X.85 (IP over SDH), X.86 (Ethernet over LAPS), X.121, X.4xx (MHS), X.5xx (Directory), particularly X.509, X.68x/X.69x (ASN.1), X.8xx (security), X.9xx (ODP) …

Y-series: dedicated to IP and GII

Z.100 (SDL), Z.14x (TTCN), Z.3xx (MM languages) ……

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Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums

Interworking functions to be used with existing and evolving IMT-2000 systems

Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000 systems

New Generation of mobile systems

ITU-T’s mobile communications

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Quality of Service (QoS)

Numbering and routing

Security

Tariffs and Accounting rates

Interworking

Ensuring global interoperability

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01/2000

12/2001

difference

11/2002

difference

Administrations

189 189 - 189 -

ROAs 161 179 + 18 179 -

SIOs 189 234 + 45 224 - 10

Associates - 30 + 30 55 + 25

Others 40 39 - 1 35 - 4

(Others: such as ISO, IEC, ISOC/IETF, INTELSAT, INMARSAT, EUTELSAT,ETSI, CEPT…)

ITU-T Members

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Administrations (96/2208)

ROAs (87/1783) SIOs (167/1875)

U.S.A. 342 NTT 188 Lucent 166+58 +

China 232 FT 184 Ericsson 147+5+

Germany 187 BT 148 Siemens 136+17+

France 106

DT 134 Nortel 91+51+

Russia 99 ATT 77 Alcatel 35+23+40+18+

U.K. 95 KDDI 69 CSELT 69

Canada 63 Telecom Italia 65 NEC 47

Japan 63 Swisscom 65 Nokia 46

India 62 KT 59 Fujitsu 42

Ukraine 58 Telenor 58 Telecordia 36

Italy 56 Royal KPN 58 Motorola 27+8

Syria 53 Telia 46 OKI 32

Korea 50 Telekom Austria 37 ETRI 32

Total: 1466 (66%)

Total: 1188 (67%)

Total: 1126 (60%)

Top Members participation (07/98-08/00)

(Note – Cisco: 13)

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- ITU-T work is shared by Governments and Industry Members(service providers and telecom equipment vendors)

- Individual Industry Memberships in ITU Sectors

- 13 out of 14 Study Group Chairmen (including TSAG) appointed are from Sector Members

- Classic telecom members (to attract new IT Members)

- Director’s Informal Consultation meeting (with Industries)known as “Martigny meetings”, twice: Feb. 2000 and Feb. 2001

- Key point of ITU Reform: Industry Members’ rights and duties(partnership)

Industry Members’ role

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Budget SDO Membership fees NoteAnnual fee

(US$)

(25,000,000 $)

40,000,000 SFr

ITU-T Minimum mandatoryOther optional

½ unit (31,500 SFr) 20,000

20,275,000 $

(21,909,000 Euros)

ETSI Mandatory according to turnover

45 units (5,000 Euros/unit) 211,050

IETF Depending on participation

350 $/500 $ per meeting per person,3 meetings per year

1050/1500 x ?

1,200,000 $

ECMA Mandatory $ 42,000 / $ 18, 000 / $ 10,000standards free

42,000

(18,300,000 $)

29,305,000 SFr

ISO Through national members

Shared by national members(five big members pay 9% of the budget)

(individual company up to 50,000)

(11,900,000 $)

19,000,000 SFr

IEC

(4,456,200 Euros)

4,000,000 $

3GPP Shared by 6 SDOs Average500,000/SDO

1,840,000 $

3GPP2 Shared by 5 SDOs Average360,000/SDO

W3C Mandatory 50,000 $ / 5,000 $, standards free

50,000

IEEE Mandatory 5,000

2,870,000 $

ATM Mandatory + meeting fees

$ 14,000/5,000/3,500/1,500,$ 250/275 per meeting4 meetings/year, standards free

14,000+1,000/1,100 x?

Company’s dues to SDOs(ITU-T Associates = US $ 6,000)

(Some SDOs receive secretariat support from their members; such expenditures are not counted in the budget.)

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Intergovernment

ITU(ITU-T and ITU-R)

NGOsISO, IEC

…..Forums / Consortia / SDOs

1394TA 3G.IP 3GPP 3GPP2 AIM AMFAMI-C AOEMA AOW ARIB ATM Forum BINTERMSBluetooth Cable Modems CBOP CDG CIFCIICommerceNet CommerceNet J Committee T1 COSCPR CTFJDHF DISA DOPG DSL Forum ECE ECHONETECMA ECOM ECTF EDIFICE EDS EEMAEIDX EMA EMF ERTICO ETSI EWOSFCIA FCIA-J FIPA FRF FS-VDSL FSANGSM Assoc. HNF Home API HomePNA HRFWG IDB ForumIEEE IETF IFIP IFSA IMTC IMWAIPv6 IrDA ITS America ITS UK JAVA JCTEAJECALS JEDIC JEMA JICSAP JIMM JMFLONMARK MCPC MDG.org MITF MMCF Mobile WebMOPA MPLS Forum MSF MWIF OASIS ODVAOIF OMG OSGi PCCA PCISIG PCMCIAPHS MoU PICMG PKI POF Salutation SCFSCTE SDL Forum SDR SSIPG STA TIATINA-C TM Forum TOG TSC TTA TTCUMTS USBIF UWCC W3C WAP WDFWeb 3D WfMC WIN Forum WLIF XTP Forum

ITU positioning

………

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• ISO, IEC, ISO/IEC JTC 1cooperation since the 1970s; common texts since 1992WTSA-2000 Resolution 7, Recommendation A.23Joint President Cooperation Group (JPCG) World StandardsCooperation (WSC)

• IETFITU-T Member since 1995MoU PSO, July 1999; provide secretarial support to PSO, since 08/01Joint management team meetings in 11/99 and 08/01

• ETSIITU-T Member since early 1990sMoU cooperation in June 2000

• ISO, IEC, UN/ECEMoU on e-business in March 2000

• GSC (Global Standards Collaboration): Since March 1994TTA, TTC, ARIB, ETSI, T1, TIA, TSACC, ACIF, ITU

ITU-T coordination with SDOs

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TSBITU Resolutions and ITU-T Recommendation conc. Internet

ITU Resolution 101 (Minneapolis, 1998): “Internet Protocol (IP)-based networks”

ITU Resolution 102 (Minneapolis, 1998): “Management of Internet domain names and addresses”

ITU-T Recommendation A.5 (01/98): “Generic procedures for including references to documents of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations”

Annex A: Information specific to ISOC/IETF documents

ITU Council-99 endorsed two actions (C99/51):

1. Participation by ITU-T in ICANN PSO

2. ITU Management of the .INT top level domain

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TSBCooperation with IETF/IAB

Good cooperation between ITU-T and IETF started in 1997,good results for T.37, T.38, H.248, etc.

ITU-T becomes one of the founding members for PSO- MoU signed in Oslo, 14 July 1999- take over the secretariat support for PSO since August 2001

My presentation at the IETF-45 Plenary warmly welcomed

Joint meeting of ITU-T SG Chairs and IETF Area Directors:1st meeting: Washington, D.C., 7 November '99 (30 participants)2nd meeting: London, 5 August 2001 (30 participants)

Joint meeting with IAB, London, 5 August (20 participants)

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IETF protocol defined in RFC 2916

E.164 number can be used to look up a UniformResource Identifier (URI)

- Web addresses most commonly known URIs

Allows using E.164 number in context of combined PSTN & IP services (email, fax, SIP address, coordinates, other?)

For example: +44 1206 762335 5.3.3.2.6.7.6.0.2.1.4.4.e164.TLD

What is ENUM?

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Define and implement administrative procedures that coordinate delegations of E.164 numbering resources into the agreed DNS name servers

Director of TSB, on behalf of Administrations, to control the implementation of ENUM under e164.arpa on a trial basis, while the registering is done by RIPE NCC

ITU-T Responsibilities regarding ENUM

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President of ICANN call for reform in February 2002

TSB Director conducted informal consultation with ITU Members in March/April

TSB Director presents a paper to ICANN on its reform, offering to assist ICANN in certain areas

ITU Council-2002 unanimously supported TSB Director’s initiative

Many contacts between ITU-T and the outside partners concerned

PP-02 Resolution 102

ICANN Reform

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ITU-T Rec. A. 4: communication with forums and consortia

ITU-T Rec. A. 5: referencing documents of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations

ITU-T Rec. A. 6: cooperation and exchange of information with SDOs

Invitation to the Informal Forum Summit by the Director of TSB (December 3-4, 2001)

ITU-T Cooperation with forums / consortia / SDOs

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A.4 A.5

A.6

ASN.1 Consortium ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses)

ARIB

ATM Forum ATM Forum Committee T1

DSL Forum Committee T1 CWTS

ETIS (e-and telecommunication info. services)

CWTS (China Wireless Telecommunication Standard Group)

ECMA

FRF (Frame Relay Forum) DSL Forum ETSI

IMTC (Multimedia) ECMA Standardizing Information & Communication Systems

IEEE

IPDR Organization ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

JCTEA

IPv6 Forum FRF NIST

MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) Forum

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

SCTE

MSF (Multiservice Switching Forum) ISOC/IETF (Internet Society/Internet Engineering Task Force)

TIA

OASIS JCTEA (Japan Cable Television Engineering Association)

TTA

OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) MPLS Forum TTC

OMG (Object Management Group) NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

SDL Forum Society OASIS

TM Forum (Tele Management Forum) OIF

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) OMG

SCTE (Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers)

TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)

TM Forum

TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association)

TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee)

W3C

Members for Rec. A.4, A.5and A.6 relationship

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Some forums become A.4 members of ITU-T

FS-VDSL Forum has become a Focus Group of ITU-T SG 16

Another Forum is considering to become a Focus Group of ITU-T

Home page connections for ITU-T and Forums/Consortia

ITU-T SG 16 management member be included in the Forumleadership

New approaches…

TO COOPERATE and WORK TOGETHER!

New relationships betweenForums/Consortia and ITU-T

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“Consensus: after WTSA-2000, the ITU-T procedures are now very streamlined and efficient so that any perception of slowness can no longer be attributed to the ITU-T methods…”

“fully recognized that Sector Members have a significant leadership role in the ITU-T technical standardization activities…”

“ITU-T is and should remain the unique worldwide venue for industry and governments to work together in developing,

providing and promoting global consensus-based telecommunication requirements and standards for the Information Society”

Welcome you in ITU-T!

**********

Industry Views on ITU-T Martigny, February 2001