1896-1912 (Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska P., $ 4 . 7 ~ ) ~ a favourable account; LaFollette’s Autobiography. A Personal Narrative of Political Ex- periences by Robert M. LaFollette, reissued with a foreword by Allan Nevins (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin P.), which takes the story only to 1912; and M . Nelson McGeary, Gzgord Pinchot. Forester. Politician (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton U.P., @.SO), dealing with the great conserva- tionist, and Progressive governor of Pennsylvania. Arthur S. Link, Wilson. The Struggle for Neutrality, 1914-1915 (Princeton, N. J. : Princeton U.P., $IO), is the third volume of his magisterial biography. Cary T. Grayson, Woodrow Wilson, A n Intimate Memoir (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, $3.50), is a revealing sketch of Wilson by his personal physician. D. Toy Humes, Oswald Garrison Villard, Liberal of the 1920’s (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse U.P., $4.50); Elliott M. Rudwick, W. E. B. Du Bois. A Study in Minority Group Leadership (Philadelphia: Univ. o f Pennsylvania P., $6); Edgar E. Robinson and Paul C. Edwards (eds.), The Memoirs of Ray Lyman Wilbur, 1875-1949 (Stanford: Stanford U.P., $IO), dealing with a notable president of Stanford who became Hoover’s Secretary of the Interior; Elting E. Morison, Turmoil and Tradition. A Study of the Life and Times of Henry L. Stimron (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, $7.50); Bernard M. Baruch, Baruch: The Public Years (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, $6); and Richard H. Rovere, Senator Joe McCarthy (Methuen, I~s.), are all worth notice. Felix Frankfurter Reminisces. Recorded in Talks with Dr. Harlan B. PhiIIips (Secker & Warburg, z ~ s . ) , is delightful; and Helen S. Thomas, Felix Frankfurter: Scholar m the Bench (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U.P., $6.50), is an important study of a great jurist.

Apart from Denis W. Brogan’s (Hamish Hamilton, I~s.), books on America in the Modern World are too numerous to list. Those who can detect a new frontier may care to explore it in John K. Galbraith, The Liberal Hour (Hamish Hamilton, 18s.) ; Richard E. Neustadt, Presidential Power: The Politics of Leadership (Wiley, $5.95); Walt W. Rostow, The United States in the World Arena: an Essay in Recent History (Harper, 88.75), all by influential members of the Kennedy team; and Emmet J. Hughes, America the Vincible (Penguin Books, 3s. 6d.), by an Eisenhower man approved by Kennedy.

(6) LATIN AMERICA

The Handbook of Latin American Studies, vol. zz (Univ. of Florida Press, $5) , lists works published during the period 1956-59, and enlarges its coverage of important material published outside the Western Hemis- phere. The Indice Histdrico Espaiiol, vols. 4-6 (Barcelona : Editorial Teide, I 958-60), covers publications on Spanish American history. C. H. Haring, ‘Trade and Navigation between Spain and the Indies: a Review - 1918-1958’, Hispanic American Historical Review, xl, 53-62, is a review article of P. Chaunu, Seville et I’Atlantique, vols. 1 7 , and includes a valuable bibliographical survey of Spanish colonial trade. s. J. Stein, ‘The Historiography of Brazil, 1808-1889’, Hispanic American

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Hirtmical Review, xl, 23478, R. H. Potash, ‘Historiography of Mexico since 1821’, M., 383-434, and W. J. GrifKth, ‘TheHistoriog- raphy of Central America since 1830’, ibid., 548-69, continue the Review’s excellent historiographical series. There is yet another American textbook survey of Latin American history to record: H. M. Bailey and A. P. Nasatir, Latin America: The Development of its Civilization (Constable & Co., ~ o s . ) , provides an ample and interesting account, though badly written, of the entire period of Latin American history, and includes up-to-date book lists,

Pierre Chaunu, Seville et I’Atlantique (1504-1650), Tome viii (3 vols., Paris: Librairie h a n d Colin, 1959-60), is the eagerly awaited conclusion to this monumental work which has attempted a quantitative description and analysis of trade and shipping between Spain and the Indies; here is provided the interpretation of the statistical material assembled in previous volumes, and the result virtually supersedes all previous work on the subject, forming one of the most striking and fundamental contributions to European commercial-colonial history that exists. J. Ignacio Rubio Mad, Introduccih a1 estudio de los virreyes de Nueva Espaiia, 1535-1746 ( 2 vols., Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mkxico, 1955-59)’ is the first two volumes of a study of the viceregal institution in New Spain, and is a mine of information on the origins, development and jurisdiction of the office of viceroy. Woodrow Borah and S. F. Cook, The Population of Central Mexico in 1548 (Unh. of California Press, $5) contains an original analysis of a hitherto intractable document, the Suma de visitas de pueblos, leading to a firm estimate of the Indian population of Central Mexico in 1548. Spanish missionary methods in the New World in the sixteenth century are examined in a detailed and searching work by P. Borges, o.F.M., Mktodos misionales en la crktianizacidn de Amhica (Madrid: C.S.I.C., ptas. 180). For the seventeenth century much light is thrown on colonial economic and commercial history in Maria E. Rodriguez, El tribunal del Consulado de Lima en laprimera mitad del siglo XVII (Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hisphnica, ptas. XZ~), which is a study of the Lima merchant guild, and the first substantial account of a colonial consulado to appear.

For the independence period and the nineteenth century it is Brazil that has been most notably served by historians. Caio de Freitas, George Canning e o Brasil (Infl.&cia da diplomacia inglgsa na formagiio brasileira) ( S l o Paulo: Companhia Editbra Nacional, 1958), is a first-rate account of the events between 1807 and 1810 -the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil and the opening of the ports - and a study of the r6le of Canning’s diplomacy in the creation of the independent state of Brazil. Gilbert0 Freyre, Ordem epogresso ( 2 vols., Rio de Janeiro: Livraria JosC Olympio Edit6ra, 1g59), dealswith the period between 1870 and 1918, and examines the social, political and economic factors in the transition from empire to republic; in particular it provides a searching account of Brazilian society of the period by means of a gallup-poll technique. Isidro Fabela, Historia diplomdtica de la Revolucicin Mexicana (1912-1917) ( 2 vols., MCxico, D.F.: Fondo de Cultura Econ6mica, 1958-59), is an important source for Mexican foreign policy of the period by one who participated in

50

many of the events described and who makes available much documentary material: R. E. Quirk, The Mexican Revolution, 1914-1915. The Convention of Aguascalientes (Univ. of Indiana Press, $6.75), elucidates the schism in the Mexican revolutionary movement and the confusing events of 1914-15. Finally, there is an important publication of a different kind to record: E. Lieuwen, Arm and Politics in Latin A m u a (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, $4.75), examines historically the political r61e of the armed forces in Latin America, and the effect of the military policies of the United States in Latin America since the Spanish American War.

X. - CONTEMPORARY HISTORY, 1914-1960

General Works. - The New Cambridge Modern Histwy, 001. X U : The Era of Violence, 1898-1945, has been noted above (p. 24); the later sections are rather sketchy. Documents on British Foreign Policy, I9I9-39. First Series: German Affairs, 1920, ed. by R. Butler and J. Bury (Stationery Office), describes the Kapp-Putsch and other disturbing events in Ger- many. Department of State, Documents on Disarmament, 1945-59 (2 vols., Washington) is a wearisome record of fruitless discussions. Documents on International Affairs, 1957, ed. by N. Frankland (O.U.P.) is the usual indispensable annual survey sponsored by Chatham House. A. Buchan, Nato in the 1960s (Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 12s. 6d.), describes the increasing integration of the west in face of Soviet military power. The Year-book of International Alffairs, ed. by G. Keeton and G. Schwarzen- berg (Stevens, ~os.) , contains a dozen monographs by specialists. Major- General Mayfair, The Mediterranean and the Middle Ea.st,vol. I11 (Stationery Office, ~ o s . ) , recounts the phase of apparent stalemate in the North Africa campaign under General Auchinleck. G. Reitlinger, The House Built

Sand (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 36s.), is an able analysis of the conflicts of German policy in Russia between 1941 and 1945.

Elie Kedourie, Nationalism (Hutchinson, IS.), is a somewhat pessi- mistic study of the philosophy of nationalism as well as of its political origins: K. Emerson, From Empire to Nation (Harvard Univ. Press, $6.75), regards the march to independence as irresistible, but describes many of the results as disappointing. S. Easton, The Twil%ht of European Colonialism (New York: Holt, $7), provides a detailed survey of the methods of government in British, French, Belgian and Portuguese colonies in 1959.

J. Degras, The Communist International, Documents: Vol. II, I9I9-43 (O.U.P.) collects the material for a survey of the world-wide activities of the Cornintern. Hugh Seton-Watson, Neither Peace nor War (Methuen, ~ o s . ) , surveys the conflict of political, economic, social and ideological forces in the world since 1945. The author speaks with special authority on eastern Europe. The Potsdam Conference (Princeton Univ. Press, $6), provides the first full account of the momentous meeting of the leading statesmen of the West with Stalin.

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H. Feis, Between Peace and War.