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OUR 'oiJGJ\1'! zATIO!< 1

Ainerican .Roo~s .~d World Concepts

(Pre1im1 nary Rough 11!-eft for FUll Dtscussioh end Reorganization)

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SECTION I -- SPLIT IN C'HZ SOCIJ\LIST·JoO'IE!·l!NT IN AJ£!!ICA. AT T!-3 'EllD OF t'OF.LD Y'}.R I,

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· ·'1. Debs (S) 2. The immigrants (6)·,. :;. The. life nnd activity of· tile ·

Communist Party (~) a) a ne" atti tilde to 1dlite-Negro

· relations . · · 4. ·The end of nn. enoch and the appearance

of a new t)'!)e of organi:zel.•: the · Lovestoneit• (ll)

SECTION II - STJ\LINISM

1. ·Its opponent, Trotsky (14)

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SECTION IIIA- A IU:W lJIVISIOil IN IW!XISM: 15 OUR :a:;:GIN:UNGS

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1, ~·he tlieo1•y of· State~Capi taliem (15) 'I 2. Trotsky.~sm, Orthodox and Othel"fiae (20) i

S:OCTIO!T I !Ill- THE LIFE 0!' THE STATE CAPIT.HLISJ.! GRO\IPI!n 2' 1. Education, Propaganda, Agitation; a

ne1·1 addition to our 1eadershi'll (2J) 2, The rank and :fil~ >TOrlter (26)' J, The Ne~ro (J1) 4. \/omen {JJ) 5. The Youth (J7)

S:OCTIOII liiC.. ORGANIZATIOr' FOLLO!'OS POLITICS: Til:: LZ/i.DEj! AlJD THl LIIIE

l, Cannon and Hartin Abern (J9) 2, Shechtman and Jsmee l!urnham (41)

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SECTION IV - OUR ORGA!!IZil.TIOil. \Urn ?UR PAPER 47

A - OUR ORGAN! Zl\.TI Oil 1. llhite and l!egro relatione 4?

a) The Abolition Movement (4?) b) The Go~ie11et. l~vemen t (51) c) Counter-Revolution within the Revolution (52)

2. Relatione of various layers w our 53

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O\'ln ortanization a) The triaaglo (55) ' b) The triangular relationship in our

. organi:ation (56) c) Tobin (57) . · ·

J. Intellectual domination or the •Reign 59 of Terror" in the Youth

a) The group e,s ·a whole (59) · b) The Youth lea~er (62) ·c) The 'school of the third layer (6J).

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This is the history of B •~~11 grouping or . WOtke·ra a.nd 'jnt"'l.laotuals tiui.·t. :1.ave broker.. with all pro­

fes'sed Mo.r;dst grOupings. On the f'e.oe of it, it would : seem. :.i.~o.t this is of Ol•nol3rn to no one but those involved,

much lees a~1y ~ubsts.llbial part of tho Arorice.n working class. The op~osite ia the case.

.. There -used to be a time 'lthen e. worker • sick of the. crimes ~d hypooriaieo of capltelist society. could

.. finoJ. a refug~ o.mt a way out in organizations l:ased upon · . th" thoocy and p!"a.ctice of Mar~dor.1. HoMJver 1'B.r1ous were the f= l!arxiom took, it always had boon a coctrine or liberation and.freedom and ab~ve all. of liberation ·and freedo!II. ·for· the \"1orkcra of tha t70l'ld. In tim8s of peaoe as:in··t·imee· of. war~. Marxism propOunded and deba.ted ana worked out ·poliCiau !'or the Ylorking ·claso, governed al­",!illYB·~ thlt id6o.;~~~.ll!_~~-~oll!,~ 0~ ·.!:!,S!• . TliOie~s ~re gone,..

':: •1 ... • • • A~ aO.rio,Js .. rwrker, .the.t is a: wcrkar who is think· ·; :, .illg ·s.erioualy ubout tho proble1118 of the working class, ' '~: ..

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r;; 4(r.nno.t. shirk tr~~- i~3ue of pl·ecis,ly.., what in Marxism • . ·:·

Our grouping has b•·okon wl.th all professed ~: · .. JJarxist gr.oupings in ·order c, p.ly· attention to the workorl!l

·, ... and .to tr;i.~" find! out what Mo.rxism ronlly is, not what · Karx ,\vroi:e in 1.848 or 1867 .. 1:-.tt ·vJbore l'".is 1 theory sttt.ndB

j;oday,, i:l 19 53, · ,·;·

:·: .; ·· .. , · .. · All· these proi'essod·L!arxisto have never Ullder-.· ..

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.. at.Ood ·the American' people, or ;•ather they have never \Hider­• GtQod Mar <~;illll\o ·. They alway• loarnod it as a foreign <h>o• . triJ<o, r.Tld ·then· t>:ied to graft ·it on to the Amerio:.: ;!'oaes,

. · in~tead ai' stud:riug ~h~ hir.tory, tho life and thoughts ot . the. Azo!er.ice.n.peoplo uod the AmerioKn mtion alld findill& there the spoo:ific manusr ill v.hioh the "niveraal truths

... . of Mo.rlCism -·.the· liberation of the masses from all exploit• .:atdor ....... were expressing theL'tSt'lvee. Thus they never

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.. atucii.ed the,Abolitioniot r.toven.ont seriously. Yet th!a 11&1

.a movs~£nt born in America 100 years ago-- and 83 years ·bQtore. \',it&t ill known as: Leninis.rn.. It was heo..ded by' auoh

,, unoompromhillg: fi&hters as Willinlll Lloyd. Garrison, lYeDdell !'hil~ipo,. a~d Frederick Do•Jglass • And it was o. movs!llltnt whi,oh and aoheivod in man.v w~s, as we will show lat ... ,

. a, conoopt.·of hWIIan relatio'no that the Sooialiato alld eoca­·munista in this· country h~d net, .. . ........ . . . . .. . .

Ylo havo broken l.'rom all old radical group!.llga beoauoe ot tho oomplste oapit~liot mentality ot all of them-- CODI!luniats, Trotslcyitos, 1\oiit.liarffiii, The;y llllllor• stand fat• lose nf the worko>'B tho.n the in~ol.ligent oapit• albt do••• They ull of them thirst to loud1 their •mole icloa and aim ia ·to ait in the s•nts of tliO'Oapitaliota,

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a. that's all, Thtt workers are to at.ay where they are111 That ia vmat they call aooialiem, But that is preoi..,ly 1;ha typo of oooial111111 that the Auerioan working olass hao rejected, although ita diailluBiODI!Ient- with the men lbf power and authority !a total,

It is true that there is no !Aarxiat party in the United States. But if thooo pa~ple who protea~y·are !Aarxists think tho.t that ... ana the end of everything, the)' are diapla:ring total blindneso to tho fact 1ohat the .!!!!.!!! otvllarxiam it not in anv _,__ but in what the w'Orli:era are <Iii;t:ng ana lliliilCEisT..,.. m ------ -

The. Amariaan working ol~>oa is l!arxist to tis very merr"" of its boneo, • Juat look e.t it. Yill:l.ana upon million• at one t1Dto or anotll6r believed in war for dem­ooraoy • war to end 'ZI.r • W_a.gv.e of· Nations., peaoe • prosper• ity and progreso. Today nobody does, In natione.l poUitioo it ia the oamo. Foru-· of atO!IIio ..,... 1 tho daily atruggle againot tho epaod•up,· the corruption of politioiane. mur• deroua t&xation1 the worker in tho plant or minD • the eharo· cropper. tho baok-aohi.ng typist, the •tudent waiting 11:o be called by hie draft board, do 1J1Y ot them balieve that &!V~hing has changed now that Eieenhawor iB. P,.,oident in• stead of !rum1111? Doeo any !legro believe that a new proa~ idellt and a now adminietration will <Ia &!Vthing to altar the aitWLtion of the lfegroea .in the United States? The

·millions of Nogroeo ·in Atrto&J Arabs in !!oroooo, Turua, and tho Middle Eaai;J -Opalsi..h wurDr1 und.;r Fmnoo, bdhn psae"• ants, AuetNHan · ."Rorkera, !>Over in .the world wsa th,.... ao universal a revolt among-oountlooa millions ~veryohore againot tho exploitation and tho inoO<Jpetenoo ot tt .. !!' rulora • and tho unellding dieutern they have imposed upon manl:ind for tho lo.ot thirty. 7oara!

The rulers know it • !he worm ro of tho world no l01111er believe what. they aro told.. Tho worker a· ot Woo• tarn Burope are ••. dcik or war tor demoomoy that tbq have split tho Aurioan ruling olaos 'Wide open, One group, lead . by .Truman ond EilenhOW&r,.are t'Jallb1oal~ trying to whip the Europeau up for war • by oal'rllpt!.on and int1m1dat1011, uoing William Groen, George !!.a~, the l!outhor brothora, Dubinaq, Loveotone, lniDit Brown, aDd otha ra of that type • u. thoir .agonta 11111ong the f§uropar.n labol' loaders. TIR aoo• _ and group, led tv lo!t.OArthur and Hoover, think that defeat­ism io so wicloopreacl abroad tbat t.rm1 ·t.nd money poured illto Europe will end up as gitta to the Ruuian &t'lltf Tlhon it mov... That 1a the r;reat dobilto. Tha;y aro debating over wbat the European workaro will do. It thoy were sure at theso Vll>rbro, there would ba no debate •

It 11 not only workaro •lho do not believe. Tho great majority of the people do not bG l1ovo. l'ol' oboorvo • The gover~D~~et, the prua, the politioiano, the prof•aar• am the persona, radio and tol..,ilion, ooroam with om voioo that America muet be aavod frCIIII Comuniom, It ia ob'rioua j:h!l: Ruooion Co.unim J!.! monotroua berw!Si!i,

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It is equally obvious that its international power has steadily grown, Yet tho l\W!dreds of thousands ot •tudonts in tho uniwrsitiea are bitterly hoetilo to being dro.!'ted. Ii' thoy bcliovod 11hat they lWire told, thoy would I!> v<'ill•

. in& to go, ·

That is what the rulers ee.ll the free world. How d:U'ferent ie it lTith tho om~pe.rty totalitarian stataa? Stalin, his stooges in Eastern Europe, nnd his allies in China• voho between them rulo nearly 890 million psople,

.·have so little faith in being belie""d that they oe.n rulo only bf the moot savage polioe•atntea history has ever known, They have. a bullet l'lll.itiilg for an;yone, however highly ploced, Tiho ®rea .to express o.11 opinion oontrary to thoirse They have to looop their frontie,.. oll)l!eli against all forniga visitors, all foreign ~~~ra, not even· e. pootoard ca.n· go into these countries without being oonaored. :They. go to unlimited: trouble and.ex!Bnso tojo.m out foreign. wireless a)'atioriliJ an;yoM· in tiloae oountriea caught. l'istoning to tho·. !'<>rdgn ro.dio foceo Slave labor in e. concentration ciomp. R.ow 'the so•oalled .demoora ta denounce all' thie~ They say. that 'it ia a mol41trous 'lift'· OJ1I1Y • the moat horrible tile <.Orld hao e""r Roen. But the gover1m1ent of tho. United States has itoelf instituted ouch a syotom of.torror as>inat those whom it oslla aub­voraives,.that ·todl!iY ·vaot llUI!Ibero ·of paoplO''WOuld not put their .,..,..s to tho Declaration of IJ:ldopendenoo or the Bill ot Ri~ta O..onuoe they: are e>f'raid they 'WOUld M aocueed of disloyalty and' liollll!lll)iem.. Thon ruler• too know what the izo t~erloo ra think of tho,..

This total diailluaio"""'At. of the ""'"" with the man of po-iver and authority is • .., of' the greatest advanooo ever. IIndo in human aooietyo Yet the professed ldo.rxii!IIR

·do n<>t rospsot· tho American wrld.ng olasa·at all,' They · pay no attention to That it io really doing and thinld!.ng. They believe tho.t if' they had a ohanoe to plan everything then that t10uld be thii """ eoaiety. l!ut, as Stal.iniat Ruaoie has ahoTm, that >Ould' only be tha· greatest totalit• o.rianism on earth.

\'To are not out to "lead," Wo are unaltera!Xly apposed to all plaDJilira •. Uarx h<>d shown, as far l:llok ~• 1867 ,that there are only two o.lterlllltives in oo!ltomporacy sooiotys either tho aolfdaotivity ot the •o:a•loora or tho total plan over the .,..kora • Wd are tarevar through with thoao who tiiiiOd to aee this in thoocy and who hailed in praotiae the "plant"'d eao1101!1Y•" Tlhen World liar II began and Trotak;yiom oallod fa'l' the. def'e1110o ot Rusoia, we bl'oke with it. \Than World l'lar II ended and the Amu·ioan Tm· ok;yites at least looked au if' they rstainld a revolution• aey perspootive in Amsrioa, we returned to thlmo But the deganere.tion in theory hlld eaten into tho ir vsry li.,.. and tbair .iationa with th~ir own rank and tiloe We ano nQW tiniahed with them oomj;>J:eto~ IUli. i'ore'.'<lro And yet it il only through tile concreto etrugsle .!!!!!:!! ~ 11\o.t we oould

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... hava clarified ourselves nnd found the nevt elements -rn.nlc and 'file \7orkers. Negrooa. women. youth -- for the new grouping.

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SECTlON I SPLIT IN THE SOCIALIST 1!0VE:!!EIIl' IN AlAERICA lli END 011 TIORLD lii.R I

At the end or \Wo>id \lar I, thorEo was groat dis­satisfaction Rith the two bi& political parties in thll

. United States. The Republican and Democratic Parties suf­fered the first great challenge cincu the day• of Populi•m, Uo less than P. million voters movod away !'rom tte capit­alist parties and voted fc:r the Socialist Party, Their oamlidato, Eugene Viotor Debs, was in jail at tho t:lme for hifi anti-war viovrs. In the rrain,. it was a working oless vote, but ~ng·thia million there ~~re also sec­tions of tho middle clnos, especially the intellcctualo am tho youth who hnd moved away !'rom an old set of val,Jes, and wars searching for a new philosophy,. a . .mw way oi' life.

Today RuBs ian Cemmuriism is the greatest barbar­ism on earth. But in 1917 Russian Communism was th9 great .... ~est liberating J'oroe in the world, It overthrew the hated Tsa.rist autocro.cy, brought peace to tb3 nation, o.nd e:atab• lished the first workers' stete in history, Debs ho.ilod the Russian Revolution ae 11the grea.test. most luminot:JJ nnd far-reaching e.ohievemont in the e~ntire sweep of h\IJI!Alt his­~te>ryo" And ;yst it rm.o hia party that was u.ndergoing the deepest split iri its history preoioely over that quostion and precisely at the very time when a substantial. section ot t~ Junerioan working ola•s had broken VIi th the capital~ ist plrties and voted ~socialist• ~ ·

1, Dobe

Debs was a revered name, not alone to .Amer.i.:o.n Socialists, Out to tho 6ntire Amlrican working obss, Th!.l railroad worker had led soma. of the great olaso otrugglea thot rooked American aooisty~ at the tlll'n;of ths oentuor:;·, like the Pullman strike, He baoams .~ oooialiot when the. Fedora: tro~po oomo out, at tha bidding of ths oompanios, to put down ths t stril<:a ~f•"'~ elementary workers • rights, "In the gleam of every boyor.et and t'- !'lnsh of every~ rifle th'l class st1fs18 was revealed .... The oe.pitiliat ola.as. Tlle ~ o as • '"""lli'e olaau struggle • 11

Debll fought this oapitaliot~ class not only in penoetime, but during tho war alsoo But he did not l!ll"asp the world character of tho fiJ•st world war, and he diil not grasp ,;he world ohorncter of the Ruse ian Revolution, Al• ~though he heiled it t\a tho greatest o.ohieve, .. ttl; in human history, ,!l! ~ ~ separate himself' 1!:2!! ~ sooialieto .Eh2 opposed J!• · ·

Y Yet a great dividing liM wns bdng drawn through• out the world oooialiot movement over thio contra! .vent or the world we liw in, It oplit aoci alism into two war­ring onmpst those who were ~ end th~so who wore !!ljail18t soviets,.

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Today wf.en we henr o: reo.d the word, soviet, it is usua.lly in connection with the idea of' government. Soviet rnen..ns the Sovi9t Government, with its huge b.treaucmoy, ita huge e.ni\Y', its millions of secret police, its fao~oriea \vhich are prison.o: .• its prisons which are _factories, ita ambassadors and repres~ntatives at the United Nations, tell· i11g lie ft)r lie with tho am.i:nosa.dnro and representatives of tOO old capitalist :'¥l. tiona. But in 1917 • the word. scviet, did not monn this c lt meant the opposite o1' a.ll this. It JOOan~ tl~e deatruotion o£ the blre.o.uoro.oy, the abolition. of profossiono2 armies~ the abolition of police. l;t meant elections l;o.sod on fe.otories, regimnts, and group:~ of peo.sr.nts. There wao. one delegr-.te to every 500 workers, a dola(;C'.te to \3Very regient, and c. dolegate to evt~~ry fev; thc·1.tBnnci peasants o .'i'he workers, soldiers and peasants termed ·these SO"."itlt3J It v:!.\s n-:h bureaucl'&ta, off1oiale ar.my. police or pnrlirument but these soviets which hold ,!!! pOwer. l7ot:kors' rul.e- -·- "'.;hat un.s •llhat 11 SO\"iet 11 maaxrt.

. The sad !'net is -th11t Debs lent his ~reat pres­·tige to tho_so }vbo U!Jre. socialists in worde, but who in aoti'on -!~oUght· ~his··. soviet· ·power, lie rem ined part or tho Sooialiot Intornntiona!.and a~taoked'the Communist Inter-

~ -·nu.t~onal •. ~he. CC?~ttrc.~t_.;.a~_~vlui.t;Oaal .. d}.ew-:;a .. ~lsBt.~olas~e · . divioion ti'gil.inst· those who betrayed .. the interests ·onUe

.. • workers; thr~ugh ,their. support of. the i')lperialiat mr, Deb:: . ·.-~. retused"-_~cf .see, .. it-_~~a ~~·qu~~ti_ori .. or: olaas. He ;nterpret"d

·- ., .. -it o.~s ·a 'quEi'Sti~r...o!.'· 11dicth.t0rship~ 11 }!e wrote a "When· they , ·· ... (the COI!llUunist I,terw.tiom1) proc9ed .to dictate to tho

· ;., \sooi"fllist ··par,ti_O_a_· ·o£ ,other· co\tntrte·ri .su -Go how they should -.· .. cor.duct· themsetlvea., then -.it. aeema i!o

1 m!l to be the timo to

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T~~ l1ci":d. ''dictatti 11. v,u·a :tor· ~~posed ot covering

the reo.! l"C~~~!l- fvr -';t:.C apl!ti 'f1hether to f;:it;;ht only .for w-orke1•s 1 '~rigii~S 11 or £or ~~'~!!!:l. ~~\hother to do so only on&: no.t:.c.no.l scale Ol'_ on ~~~~ti~ one,

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. · .. · '·: ~lio~e, ~q opposed Debs iipHt a,wny to form tho .·new. Co:mnnu::tot 'Party of. the' -'United Statos. It -;:as not an · easy.-thj:Di .1."Q dO,. -.t:~r. Debs1 \7£iti'--ihe nio':St rOvered mme in

·the ·Aili>t'ionil' :poo'in':.isll. n~ova.mont•' 'T_ho m.nj·ority. who formed I . . . the nB\'1 part~· .. were imr;tigrfintS ~'~Old. [\.nd new 1 Wh0$8 reVOl•

utiotuiry''fi)>I'O vao ,staolod· .il1.'tho.,atr.uggle against Toariem f'irst<·in·l$ot;~:and··theii in .1911, · . · ..... :· .":.-. ,~ ....

. , , Pr,uo~sol,)r:.be.aauso they wore. immigrants they ap• .pr80iati:td· ~~· ~riol\Jl;l!i~ cif·D~b;~'·~ ~Debs~· it ia true, wa.a no Ylilliain·.~l.?Y~ lf'lrrisOII,. ·fhat· great abolitionist 'OtiS a·ctrue' Bo1slt•vili: iJ1. ~he .!'ullo~t u.•[lnir.g. of tho term "· un­compromising> .unflinohl.ng;-.totel· in hh devotion to the causer J<il:u .. tlio .. ,Bo1•he.vika, ho opposod botn the elavo PO"'!I':·it·••li'.nn.·Fal'so thoao •.•he opposed the 'dave poT/Or in worde, but_ WOl"l:isct about \','hab l'l:aO.ns to UPie, or eought hi!;h oi'tioe, ~n ~'>~· .i!ltorl:n, o1· even comrromiaod with thos• who.acught ot·r~·ae,~ .-Gn1·r:am1'B t'D.cour. phrar:ttt

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some roguory hero," was definitoly not a part of Debs 1

make-up, The latter saw nothing fntal in "indopo.ndonce• oven where it meant betrayal of the interests of' the work• era.

K3vortheleal!l Debe was American from head to toe. And the ill!nigre.nts vmo fought for the defense of the .ilus­sian .Revolution knew thore would mver be aD .An!ttrioan rev­olution so long as ths:,r \1ere the domillllnt group in thD newly-born Communist Party.

ilhy, then,. did the ill!nigrants break with Doha?

· Fi;r:~t ~ · ·.'b:ecnUse they reoognited that here e.· ol!!.!. division .ia inv:olved• 1'his is not easy to aee since, as ·tar .ns .Debs wa·s ·aoni::f3tned• it \'IB.S onlv a thaorttical diV• ·is ion; in reality he'\ms a ·man whooo ;,hole hbtory was on& ot, class struggle~ . Novertheless, j.t could not be an Ao .. oident thot .. a man who had gone to jail for his anti-war viewi ·should be in ths. """"' international with the Ge""""'n

. Sooial. Demoor{\oy· that' ·not· only jailsd ,: but murdered lfarl · Lio.b!!Bcht ·.and Rosa Z.uxe'!'bu.rK tor opposing ths Kaiser' a war .. and. struggling 'to achiev.c workers!· po..,r, They 'llllr& mur• ·.der.ed ,not Jv. .. tho capitalists. but .. by ·.the sooia~ists """' ' aaved .. oapital.ism, This. was no pers0nal aberration. It

· r:•preri~ntod a political tend•!!CY~

.. ·.If thoro ,;a • .i!l)fthing . the. ill::nigranta know •ll . it was tho ·cjuestion of· politioa~ tonde.noios. Lenin's party, whioh was ·tho oril:,r. one in history that had aohievod workoX'B 1

P<>wor,had.te.ul!l)t. thom, ever sinoe its beginning in l90i5, · · that it was :.,ooasar,y ·.t.o. fight, .not p.lone Tsarism, but tho

po1\j;y•.llou~go1oo tendonoio.s viith1JI"i:he l.le.rxist movement. The working olaso' le;d aohieiTe'CtV!otory onoo in history and. ~t~ .le.O,der,. Lenin~ ciould· load· it tc victoi"J for one 18aoon a!Jd ens reason only• because he: .bo~ieved that ths workers o£ tbs world were' ready to. t:ule, not after ho and aome . . intelle.otuals :and pl~lUlllro. had trai.!iatr"tliim, but then and thoro in.l9l7o For him, a aooillliot revolution moo.nt that the WoJ;"kerB o.~ Other oppr'essed o~t\sSea Were to~·

, . ·· Th~ro you have· tho tund!'liiontal problem: of :tho world in .whi.cp. we live, ·However ·dit'feront it ilay be in diffo;e'pt ooun:trioa • in esaanoo it is ths same, \ihon tho workers .. ovel'throw the capitalist governmont, aa they have

. d~no ao often, whO is to rlilo? . Will the workers rule or will tho labor buroauorata, ·in.torror of tho revolution·· ary worki'lig olaas, ruah to find a government of liberals, "progreaa1vo11 polioo ·chief's and auoh like • all of whom aim at'nathirig olao but putting the workers book in their pla9e in th.•. plant and.in politics, .h!•• restoring the old aooiety, Tli:lt•a· what tho Gorman aooialisto did, 'fan thousand' books· ilnd ton million worlb and a tt.ouoo.nd ouoh ..,. Doha olinnot explain that away. ·.

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That is the modern problem e.n::l that• s nhat ga.ve tho small 1iii:iid "ho wore ready to otrike out on a new path the strength to broe.k with Debs. ~ were ready to no­·cept the discipline of the C01Il!llllr<i~nternational. To them lt was not a 11dioto.te 11 but something self-imposed, Indeed it ie only when .it is aolf-imposod tho t its 'ami­military 11epsct is entirely subordinate to the peeeionate vision of tho future called a politioal peraective.

The political perspective they held was simple and olea.r: The, working class, a.nd only the \forking class, is to rule. It was the workers' role in production ~- in the tuctorios, in the millas, in the mills, and 1~ ths fields· -- .that 1of'incd the c'lnss oh9.ractor of soci&ty and than tlte ola.ss nature· of the atata or UJ.tiom.l go7ernment, Ther~ai bei no true aocic..lism,. no &er lou::s Uarxiam,. out­side of' this. overwhelming .oonsideration of' the role of' labor

· a.t~ the IJO.int of production. To niov8 one inoll from this con­cept· of labor is to botray the working olass intoreetn. _.·· .·.· ., ---

. · · · · ·· · ~ho working' 'olass is ,,t ·just tho workers fight~ 'ing,f'or _their x'ighto.agaiilat· the steel bllrons, or the re.il­roo.d but tlw :~ol~ ~o~~ing class aDd its tutureJ

;, .;:. "r,;rr~if.o ~f' ·once·!' vlorker·s•. p11rty placed· in the . • :thbughts and.aotiona tho aim of workers'

power •. f.hftn:' sooner. -or'',le.ter· the; American proleta.rian would produce· its ovm.'J!8W'·!'nd"i¢.igenoua leo.ders and the bSIId of

· ilnmigrnnta .noed not faa.r the lose .of·-Debse Already in fe.ot; : looin~~- then on; t~~-- h~~~i._cin' _\'.aa a ~mpe.rable Ame~iae.n fig·~ ure Wlio wa~ joining, f'oroes'ldth the Communists, Hilliom z. .Foster,·the leader, of' tho' great:oteol •trike. . . ~ . . .

. . ' .

· 3~ The Li£~ niid Aotivity'·ot the Conimuni•t Party Membe<'s .. · . .TJ:ts J.morioan,ruUng olaee vas terrified 11t the

.' mw paseidns.o.nd toro_e's atirril\g .on the .Almrioan scene. _· Riioe riota eoroad as ,.,.l.l: ·a• strikee •. Millions of Nogroes,

'ne\vly- 11rr1'ved. •troin 'tne Sotith.:to· oW.ll tho expending .labor · foros that had heretofore boon filled by the il!Di\l.grento

from Eastern Europe, re.bollsd ngaiMt intolerable ~om\1-tione, Theea ne•v .immigrnn;jrs from the South were in 101volt nO'< oDJ.y !lglliMt the life, in tho f'actorieo, but lifo in their no'ighborhoods·, thft qrowding, tho eegrog11tion in liv­ing quO:~e.rs, the .discrimination and lack of freedom or .

. movement·. rho .oonditioljl .were tho more intolerable pre-oiooly beoauee they were no longer ohore•oroppero in the ·soutn h.,~· an .inte~rd part .or the .American le. bor f'oroo in

.. boaiO lmcustry. ·. Tllily org11nhed into e. mighty moos movs­~nt led . by Olll ·!!arcus Garvey.-.. ":.

·; ,. The: sowrnmont itruck out blindly 11t all oppoo-·. it ion, but· ospuoiL\lly At "Ruoeian Communists." It whipped the obW>try into a hysteria a~d continued on a rampage or illegnl raide, nrreat1, break-up ot meGtinga. suppression of books, pomrhlots llnd the paper of the fledgling C.P. Thi• fcrood it underground befora it ever got a start,

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That knock on tho door at midnight whioh wac sup­posed to haoe hod its origin in Bitler Gormany in 1933 had its start in -~erioa in the Palmer Raids in the early 1920's, But these government persecutions could in no way dampen the enth,.lsia.sm, activism o.nd enargy of the young pa.rt.-y mem­bers, who had their imagination f'irod by tho Russian Rev­olution, and felt that the T$VOlution in America teo wao one they would see in their lifetime.

It was this tyj,e of perspective that made no task too hard or menial. ~r~, though only a few thcusend, tried to penetrate as deep into the masses as posslbl:o, They went, not to unionized shops nhere ·com.itions were com­paratively easy, but to sweatshops so that they could try to orf1!.nize t~m. They were on picket lines ar:d before houses whoro eviction mticea were put up. The greater tho capitalist =gll4ta, the· greater the desire to penetrate into his. citadel, vlhether th.~t bo U.S .Steel in Pittoburgh. or taxtiles in New Engle.nd; the International Harvester in Chicago or the shipyards• of dan Frsnoisoo; the minos in \lest Virginia and lili·nois and ths smntohop• of Georgia.

That ..... the 1r life. That did not mean they f'or­. got their thaory, for .'!>haY had leo.rll<ld in their right with Debs that, just as thore are ·only two losic clauses. in soc­

. iety, so there are only two modes of _thought. SerioUB tho­cry .. ¥'ant,:had to ..,_an> in the final analysis, a class div­ision, a!ld they studied !.larx ·assiduously as they \"IOJ'ked in

'··the .·ariee:tshopo thnt did..;JiOt·.a~em to.'J;Ie.ve ohe.nged much oitlOe '. : . : "the o.e.ys•. when he desori'bedo thom. ., .

·'.: ·• J • • · . .'. .... :;·· .' : • ·;;' .

. , · ,;, But JJ!ere waS one tie"ld; tram which the -party was . out o~i which \'/8.1 olee.rly.a reot>·luj;iomry arsenal• tho

·: .. U:~~ro~il.~f Ameio!.oa.: ,1!\\.l< t~~·,Nogr.b.,. kept tar away from E!N:.\Vhitoso The Garvey·i'Aov011l8Dt was an all-Nogrc movemont, 'fliii'"imio'ns he.d ke~ tlv>m o\lt trem.lli0mb8rship and th•y in :t.~rii_ kept awe.y f'rOJi:l tadioa1 '!"'rtiea~ Yet, as far back as ·

. l9i3·, that is" ·.ooforo··'ths war. and ··before thsy had shown in . ." action What p., !liigh.ty;·r!'VOlUtionary £oroe thsy ""re, Lenill , lvld recognised their "l'evolutio.no,ry '}IOtential.• He likened

.,,.tho rihare•oropper .l.n the South to the peasant in Russia and enid tn&ir.opprauoion had them seething so that they could

·;-,'notually bo -~.he baoil.li, or stimulant, to bring tho sooial• · . ist proletariat onto tlv> hiatorioal :ao~"",

, ••• , ·• 7. .~ . ' .

... ,' ." The quosti.on now;,..., how to translate thh theory into aotiont · ·· · ·

·· Thll party had a lot to overcome because all op­preaoion·llad t1<rn a \vhite faee, and the Sooialista had be­hoved. 1De1y shabbily indeed> They l'ia.d. evaded the Negro oues• tion by sayl:>g that it \'l&a "aoonomio11 a!J:I honoe would not ~eally be aovvo:\ until aoeioliom triumphed, Thsy thereby

not only h~d not faced thO question of: IOOial equality, but,. wha.t 11. ot ttven ~reD.ter importanao, they Md ·not son .. aad tho validity or Nogroes 1 iudepe!J:Ient move...,nt, "nation• al1otio 11 as it might lulve op:peared, The Negroes were

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tr:ec.ted __ by t~m tte some inert mass "to be given11 economic riGhts beoauae of oome e.bstraot prinoipleo, That' o all, Tha.t 1vS.s at best.

· · ·At w-orst. as \lt\B th.o oaee in the South, the t'e" Ne~roes that oama to socialism wore put in eeparatC31 branches troM. .i;;he.ir:- white "oomrs.:iea. 11 · Thn.t roa.G life in the Soeial­ist. Party.

No wonder th~ Negroes kept far away f'rom that typo of sooialiam, 1/hen they ombrnced Garvoyism by tho millions, that ·put an em once and tor all to tho 11\}'th "you oe.n' t organize tha Negro," But of all those millions, lose than a handful, liko A, Phillip Randolph, joinod the Sooio.list Party. . · .

What to do? The allO...,r. =•t w in the life. oi' the C~IIlCIJI"ist !i'o.rty brnMh~• and in tho very livas. and re-

.,. le.:tii>"l!. 91' its white. and Necro members, There lay tho an-... ;·, · .:aw~r-.- e:tli. they S.o:te"d· on tmt •

.. · . ··: · · <r~e ,;.,~hod. o; O.pproe.oh 1ma entirely now preoigely , bece.us~,· t!1c .~X~t:'na.+. p_oliticll -wae oorreot and broke oom.­:pletil!r:with: old ·aonoep~n,; Tho C,P, decided not to limit 1~.1! .f. to' me,nii'OBtoao. 1uid· j;alk.; but to ""ito it a part of

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· · ·· thit'lii'o or. the· bri;neh,, · · .~ ·:.· .··· ... ··-.---~

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' . . " wa• tho. fi'l'ot. ser.ioua e.pproaoh to that burn-

: .. ':: ~~f~~:~~~··~ on thi(·par:t of! thci.Uarxiot movement si""" it• UJU,ted' States.· First tho right atmosphere

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tho· setting down·of the political lino, in

" ~~r'!~:ic!~~~~;1t~:h~eir own lives, o.nd not 1 im­• Tile 11"" held that the i:t.~'it;c!i' liil shown in life ratho!' than

ao. long as you are part ::;,, ;;.iii~o~;gi; certain prejudices of ~· po:Li·tt••o.J.ly you h~ve broken

'!>o:-:dti-.:{uloss cnit'th>'ough eacposition, not by :o9,r.ner~. .. .... · , .· ·

oh•ooooing.. . ·viotimi. or this prejudice to -be the ones . ;;;:t;,:;,~;;~~~;;1·. : _foei~ng ·rr_ee to apeak about their actual ' . party. memliera • Lot ~ .!Jl!!!= .!!E• Lot

.e t!ioor1ea or tho r:;;:rT:i. . .... . . --: J.ey-. member could, ..... recular part ot tho agenda,

bring up tho guilty perooii on'chorges of: whit• chauvinism. iho. bra11-0h·ue.~ .. tho judge, There""'" no ah1lly-ahallying 0!1. the q\l~~~iC?n• . · ·

, . · .: . 1~ ,.a. t!ie f'i'rat time the few llegroea who hacl 'joinod'~st.n.to speak up, It \'lal tho first ti• tllat more Negroai. j_otne.d, Itw•O.I the· first time tho white me:nbers .fill. t\\e)lei;ro question iniltead. of' liD rely ora tint it, It v1as ~b~li,o ·~.r a. nDVI approo.-oh to h\WIIn relationo extornr.lly,

... ·

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Everyone had a new 1 more real concept of' tlm forces Or the American Revolution. No one who was not re&dy to go all the "UY on this could long find refuge in the party,

4. The §!! .!?£ !!! ELoch and the Appre~rnoe 2.,.;: .! New !::£:e! or nrga.nizer& 1!!! .. ovestonf£8 .

The party was suddenly thrown into turmoil by a spirit that emanated, or seamed to e~~nate, £rom Russia. Since the death of' Lenin, the econo~, the state, and tho pc.rty there had been in a. oontin·touR state of turrnoi_l, dur­ing which Stalin rose to power. He1r.bers sudderil.y found thc.t in America. they '\'tere bei:1g thrown out for 11i'rotslr.yism• 11

and the ptl.rty was di_s:integre.ting· not thrcugh any p;overtli:lent persecution-~ it had long_sinoe come· out lag~lly and tunc-

. tioned. without· any interfere no;, --- but int&rnal.Ly. Tho a.p• proaoh to the Negro Question, so symbolical of what should be tha approo.oh to all the rilost oppressed sections a!' the population -- the, mass or· workers, the women, the youth -­should have meant• the realization that the po.rty uaa not. immune to bourgeois inf"luonoea on the uutsida and. muat co n• stantly· hack o.way at ·them. But there was no time for aey­thing like that,

. Rowerer it• rm.s not l1only" a Russian pheno!ll.Snon ... In the Acorican partw it emorged in·ths fight against tho appeo.ranoe of a new group to loa~_ership co.lled tho Love­etonites, after their leo.dar, Jay Lovestone.,

The immigrants had boon hungry for tho Amoriann types to join thei1· ranks • riell, here ·was a'n JQrerioane But he ·was not -the harC-y proletru·ian type. He was t. potty-bour­geois fntelleotual ~ They ourely had net meant to sneer a.t theory for they knew without theory the Rues iun Revolut_ton could no~ have succeeded D.Jld mo.intainad itself, But--this type or theorY se'9med a solid dopr.r·!;:.tre rro:a Uo.rxisri1 which reo_ognized nO country an in:mune fra.J tho g13neral lo.ws ~r capitalist development.

But here Lavestona so.id that Arnei-ioa l"/J.\S :h:ittnune. Hie theory was kno\"ln ns the theory or axoeptionalism,and it led h~ to all sorts of fantastic sohomSs, such as being drowne•) almost oomrletely in LaE'ollette 1 s i''armor .. Labo~ Pa:o­ty schemo, But wh~t tho l'!lnk nnd filers hnted moot of all was the 11 tro.iiung to be. orr_o.nizers .. 11

Heretofore or(;D.nizers would go it.to the swoat• shopa o.nd learn from tre workers their ocnditions as one of' them an"a:Wr.th"tliEimS.e-Whcther the shop could be uiilon­iiecr:-Now~ hO\iOver, they wore told to wo~·k, not ,·:ith thn mans ci: workera so much as l-:i~h the tnp leadersh!P. of the union. There were all sgrts of flirtat'i'Cins w.tthth&top "DUl:Giuoro.oy ~ o.ncl suddenly the new t;yre of orgo.nizer 11for" the workers o.roso" The noa6le trnde!J zn'tflrmed not only with the rogulo.r lnbor bureo.uorat, but with the special consul• tnnt supplied by th.;, I.ovoctonttes, nrd no\Y on::tEt th~ naw

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produot1 a oombinat!on or \<oUmQn ~leader, 11 un'ion organir;e~, nnd general debater.

I will take just one typo 1 k""w very well, lier n'Uil~ '\iAlS Minnie Lu_ry. She •raa a torritio· little o.ctivis·t and orga.nizer of the same type that they all were, except she was .Are rioan. But she l8 or&.me: LoveS: a ue 1 a secretary 3.nd £r-om him learz:ed to go to tho shop not e.s ADf work&r, but after having boon trained to a sp,ecial skilled job in the shop and then in the union aa a ~leader • 11 He oonsoious­ly trai""d these semi-intellectuals and of oourse it was beneath them to start as a floor girl, They went direOtly to ba an operator. Uinnie vrould orat0 to the workers at union me~tings; and they 11 laved11 her for juo:t teaching them how·to turn the switch oft,. whether or not you gnt the v.t>rkers out from tho shop, as if they did not knovr how to turn the S\vitch, She wo.e the anticipation, and only the anticipation of the Stalinist organizer. She \'iB.G_ one ot · a-long line that, first, swaTllltiJd the IlfJcdle trades, and with tho depression, then were-everywhere.

2055

13 ,-. SECTION 1.! STALINISM

'· Stalinism is not o.n exolus~vely Russian phen­

omenon. It is only .the Russian name for wlat we ht..ve seen rise throughout tho world in 1933 'Nith the deotruction of the national state., the centralization of capital,. fnsoism, tho Plan. Pacphlet #1 traced the r'ise of state capitalis!ll and, thooretl.cally, we \'fill trace it here again in thD next soction. At this point "" wish to stap a momont at its speoifioslly Rusaian.phydiog~.

No truer oommenta~ on the Russie.n.Revolution waa ever mad~ than ~ its great leader, Lenin# who saw not only the elemontal forces it unleashed, but tho barbarism ot the counter-revolution that would be need~d to stop it. He spoke in om and the so.me breath of how the Rus a ian wor­l;crs must sei.ze power ar.d hold out qntil tho ·~1orkers of the advanced countries came to lta a..id, ·and at the same timo oi' the fact that "no baokrll>rd stop tOi-.ards capitalism would be poseibla without the moat· atrocioub violenoe perpetrated upon the masae:,, n - .. · . · .. . _ ~ ·. ·

Stalin rosa·to powor.because he had the DBcessary barbarism required to reestablish capitalism once tho Eur-

.:opean revolution·J.ay crushed, Th.e'world does not.etand still' a.nd · onoe_ ·the . revolution on a :European scale had not auooeed- · ed, the oounter-rovolution r.oll&d its. arsellal in. But it was o. .,!!!'! type_ of ccipitaliam, a:. total. ruthlessness -needed. by the monstrosity ·Of' oapitalilllll1n"!ts death-agon • . . '· . ' . . ..

First, to deotr~· the wo~kere' st~to, Stalin and ·the Stalinists had to murder Trotsky' and nins-'cenths of the

· Old Bolshevik Party that· had lead the • revolution. TJ:ten tht.t "'"' blreaucracy committed the .most' atrooioua violence on tho ilussian workers, Tlie only' ..ay .they could keep the Russian workers 'down was throui;h the ostablishmsnt ot: bur­eaucratic tyrn~,. purges, ooncontration camps, GPU (NKVD and I.!Vll) surveillance day am nii;ht •.

. : -. . \ Stalin rose to power because each stage of' \'lorld

oapitnlist·produotion has posed only _two alternati70s.-----either the of 1he >icrkero or ths ·Plan over the • -~s ready to ohoose th~an,.

Tho Plnn; eo to speak, Ills~ chose Stalin, for only one who hnd b6en aa disloyal ae Stalin and had Olllnoen­trnted in his hands more power than he.\ lo>e>V what to do with (as Lenin noted in his trill) peaeessed the sort of' ruthless_. nees nsoded to·turn the"Crook: of history back. Tho Plan stopped at nothing because it wae total, and Stalin atopped at nnthing beoause he was ruthloes'IYCI!aloynl to tho wor­kers' stnto. ~ogsther thsy (1) liquidated millions af peasants,· (2) tied millions or W)rkers to the factory with a terror that privo.te capital had not exereised for it never hlld the total state p=r, (3) aont other milliollll who had rebelled ay,a.inst this totalitarian machine to the COIIDOn• trntion camps •

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· Cleilrly something new lad o.rrived in the vrarld with the First Five Year Plan, The oountry to follovr in its footsteps was Hitler Germany. Bureaucratism, ending in the one-party state. is rqoted in tho need to diso~pliue workers in pr~uction.

TJ:?.is explains also the existence of the labor bUreaucr·acy •. This is the roa.son why the labor bureau=ra.te behave as they do; it is their function to discipline wor­kerS. The workers feel this to '66 so and that is why the white. h3 nt ba tred of"'""tlle .ln bor __ burea.uaracy, 1·1hat they are SCII!-;:'Ching.for.is the type.o~ _total rovolt th.o.t will once and .. for. ·al~ put an end to· bureti~praoy all a oa te.~~ -- to labor·bureaucrats,_ to intellectual planners~ s~t-ap-pointed leaders~ ·

. ".,. :· ·.· :.· T_his 'ne\v quality-. -~f'. the. proleta~iat could net be ·' ;fully,.appr~~i'lited evon. by, til~ grenteiit living llarxiat ot the

.. day-~ L~o~:1'r~t·sky,;·· · -! · • , ' ... . '

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. . .. .. . Trotsky f~~~t 'st~ti¢s;. i.'rom tho; beginning of:· . . its appearanlie • "'itlt tho''death ,of .. \,e. nil). in 1924. But the . method of 'i;he"· a·truggle · for~tol4 ijj~ .. ~ocm; for ·.he lllOver once turned. ~o· look· !'or tho oconomio roots ·of· Stalinism• ~- the. riew: ouai..i'ty; i>'!'' stnte, cap i tj'lism.. iia. thor lie .'donie!i. 1 til v~ry .eiiSf8nce,-·· L'iinitiDg·· hie -fight tO ·the 11Wro~ hllitioti11

., · ... :

StS:~iri' purSued~ -he :could- q't~er. th~. toa:oses not ~- Mri;. t~ the 11rig,:t ·P.9litios~'.- and·:~he .:1'1:-!ghi? ·leadership~~·.-... He ~.aula not open a ·!'Undarnontally new .roli<i for the.· proletariat .. tey~ inr, to he.ok its .. way out fro:n tinder these ·toteliterial\ plan-

. nar~. for he. ~elf.stood tor.q. 11 plB:llll!'d econOIIW'•" · ~ '

0 ... , : . ·. Of course Trotsky th~ g~at re'O'olutio"'."l' hailed tho. rise of the CIO nnd .the sit"<\owns .. in .~rl!.noe ai!G. the Spo.nieh itovolution, 3ut lul could not· see ·the. entirolf. now

.. qttal.ity of this revolt b<!oause he lad no oonooptiol). tha.~· ·tliere vrea a now 'economio ·q•ality ,to the. epooh .in whioh he. lived,· For h:lm the epooh hod not· ahonged boeically. from the .porl.od of \lorld Wor I and"Leni.n~ s ·aM.lysie of ::lmpe.rial­.ism·, l•'hat Trotsky tri.ed to do: ••s to prooorvo Leninlalm.!! it W!io in 1917 • Thus .. ho. still maintei'ned thet because . properji);'"viil'il"nntioliAli•ed, Stnl,l.'nist Ruooia renainod "a workers'· state .•• · · . . . .

.: · .•.. Hcitld ·li~r II did .nat· s\Ulk• Trotsky .·f~aii hie:.raloo ·position;· ·llis etubborn,insistono 'on·tho tho dofonso of Stnliniot Russia brought· no·"orlcers to his' eido,,but it did suooeed in splittinG the Trotslcyiat movement ·it soli', ...

;:e """t with ths l7orkors Party whioh hsd 'split !'rom orthodox ~ rot•lcyiem, But within a year ( 1941) "" iound OUrtsolVCIC9 lr.. OppOSitiOll to the Jr:&.jorit",i Of tha.t p!.~J led by lla.'C Sohaotmnn, It nll revolved around our new theory of stato-cnpital!.om, which included in it the olase anely-ois ot' tho Stalir.lst bureauaraay. -----

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SECTION III !: ~ DIVISION IN !.IAllXISM: OUR BEGINNillG~

' I , 1. lli Theory of ~..Capitalism •.

Three intelloctuals get together aa a grouping in 1941, One wns of European background theoretically; another vms of Russian back~round theorteioa.llv 1 a11d the third was American. They joined foroee: beoaue6 they had all cane to tho conolullion that otate•capitalism BUl111110d up the econorn.iO movement of our dpooh.

Hhat distinguished these· tl'ireo. from all others who had toyed with the idea ia, first of all, the soriouo­ness of their effort.: FOr years they continued to work at all aopeots that·went·into tho mako·up of this theory: eoan• omios 11 ,ipolitice. philosophy. ·

Tho one -who kns;,. Eur01>0 ed out i'ully the theocy -of at:>t<J•o<1pit••lilsm of' the modern wor~e. Dr<>Ugnt,_

. of ~rxism and of-European ~1'V1JC~zat:LOilona~l;s~:p~~~··: the .collapse of. the ,national o. ehown how World 7far II placed oivilizo.tion. This knowledge state-capitalism. At its

- V clunis I of Ko.rl.IJ;irxi'~j,~j~~~~~~~J,:~~l role of'~ the worker at 'aiiO,:YoiitD:bliabaa. i7" and the ana.lyli iii . of

• ·The one wllo -knew R:uesii.n !Uide an a·alyai_s· of the Ruasiiln ·economy'~ We-will- take t~to )iii a: little latsr when we deVelOp· the .. th8o-ry. of st~:t;_e_.o,.pitalism •. _HAre we e.ro Cnll~ trO.oing th~ firet .. d·isoUs·a!On alD.Oilg ~..,se th~ee, and th~. oon­tributiolUI of e~oh at that point• ··At that point he brought up tho questioll .o~ thS .• tro.de. uill,on .. dis.pute.-that had ooourwd in·l920o Re_ eaid:_ "I Yioilld ;Uke ·to study ·the.t aspeot-1~1r" thor, bocauee it .. oeem.o to· me th~' there !.enin·wae nhle t.c pose -- 'long. before state"capitalism characterized the ep""h --· .l;J!!· te.ok of the. revolutionarioo_. today: to, bo ~EYE;\.- . ~~ .ng! e.dministratora"~'- ." ·: · :.. .. '.

•. . . . .·. :·· :· The ki.Srioa.n, T'obin, said I· "Yea • I have rend some

ot the o.rticlos on that debate, but I. think that Sh~yapnikc_v of tho "l1'orlcero 1 O.ppoeition•·· grouping.l not. Lenin, wo.s right in-the threo-ocrnered debate hetmien Lenin, Trotaky and Shlyapnikov, 11 • ' •

.; ... Thus, in these throe individ\la·la,, was incorporated

not only a n~w ·a·tnso- o~.· Leniriiom o.nd;.Bohho'O'ik orga~>baticn to illuminate· th.a world of todo.y; tn.l""G. also a sohiarn. wh·~oh ';. syndicalism ;ll.thin the Marxist mc'l"'mont would oreate •.. .-•.talm,r on we will _traoo this ~rioe.n•·u deve~opnent, not b~ut.\1Be he waa· onoe o. member of the t~nde~, but .. tor th& more· funda­mental 'roe. son tbat this' iKJMI of', '"orker•bolahevimii"r'd6ct havo cbjoctivo rooto in e American 'bllokground· a.nd' honoo .

. . ..

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is aura to reappear in one form or another.. Tracing Tobin's development will therefore stand as a warning signal to att( who think that running into tho factories, in'am of itself, solve& the problem ot intelleetuals. It was the ruinntion of Tobin.

:' In 1943 this stntsment that Shlyapnikov was right was made in paasing while all ""ro intent on developing all the implications of the mw theory of stats-oapitalism, Ste.te-onpitol!.sm is not just o continuous development of oapitoliam, It io a development of capitalism through tran­sfornc.tion ~ opposite.

Here the contribution zne.de by a J¥3W adherent with e. speoial training in the dialectical philosophy of Hegel Tills of infinite value e.nd became part of orir.i""l oontrib­ution, \'jhon l.iarx bl.d. wilt on that phil:osophy of l!ecel, he demonstrated the cle.aa nature or its prino!ple of dev­elc=nt throuffi. onp0s'mo!1;. · -

· · Of all. oppooitea joil!od togethar DoM iG SO fun­' damontnl 0.11 the presence of tho working olass. and the oap­·.itnlist class within the 01111111 modern society, "'YOu oannot

we.toh· the developmerit of one without Tmtohing the dsvelop­·mont.or·tho other.·. ~hus·wt~ll. Li,nil:i-roflliz~Sd. therQ. rro.a soma­thing rum in his ·opcch Ao. 'd!.stinguiehed ·trom tlie oapitslilllll ,oi\·llarx'a dtiy, he·used~thi.• dial~Qtio method or approach and with.J,t:.was 1\J>lo·j;o pro:V'e· oonQrete'!Y'tliit juat as !'roo competition hc,d dovola;ed"· iitto its opposite, monopoly, oo had a stratum· of labor developed into its opposite, t~• oristooraey of ~a.bor '·" ~t was thia· which. o!'usod tho dCJNn­fall of thot Seoond·:Intorn&tiono.l, that is it's betrayal oi' tho interests ,Of., the masses, .. and· ito capitulation to ·tho bourgeois.iii,· ·On the otl;e.r·hand, thi• duality within labor, whioh .broUght a· sp~it ·in tho scic>ialist ranks, was the very ona which bad alao dovolopod: tho new type of ·revolt of the la1reat, deepest lay:ora of the.. nasiiii;D:iiir tli'is made :tlie-ltuooian l!ovoiution" rei:!ity, -•. -. -- • .

Tho 0110 ot Rusoian. background here bOCO.n his oon• oroto onD.lysia of tha Russian· eoOI1Illi\Yo It ""'" the ·nrst time thlit an 0.11/llysis of the Rusol.an ooonomy baBOd an first-hand material was made vdtioh established 'the rnolt 0: the Ruasian

in ·the. factory. u tho key to thelibidfcir t!>e Stat­state, Tho millions in i'orood lB bor OOJII!'S are

:tho . moasur• or the novar•·ending rosisteiloo of tho Rus-sian.workoro to tho Ruseian rulers in the'•tato and in th• f'D.cto~. He.d the revolt not been so .P"reistont, tho terror wouldn t have been so violent, NobOdy·.!!!.!!l:!! to put millions of people in concentration oo.mpo:• · . ·

· Thi: ie •~'!:;d!~t!.n,"Ui~hod. our group!.~ from all other state-capi~Uil~ ·groupings, The otbo~a had analysed only the terror ot Stal~n, and tho development. or tho oon­tralillltion of capital •. ,Thoro they stoppod, Tbsy. did not aeo tho r ... oli;,'or tho :workors"whiob"{o''tho basrs of aey rfl't-

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olutionary po •opeotivo. They were'blind to tho •trugr.le of tho Russia 1 workers and thA'I European workers a.a \'lo.'Sll, Europea.n workers built the tremendous resilltonoe nt~.siJ movements to Jasoism, but they saw in it a "retrog~asion" to tho na.tiom.l state. Their theory was called the thoory oi' historical :.•etrogress ion, and we. will ha·re more to say on it when we como to dea.l with tho Worlmrs Party whioh "took aver" this theory, It .,.... the beginning or the end of that po.rty- as II. revolutionary grouping.

\

Tho deoieivo point ia1 what is "''"'' in an opooh? 'ilhat necessitates, givas ·rise to, a new tne"'ry? Hhat l'ela­tionohi.E._does it have to 1he ob.Jeotive situation, thatis; the rea.lity of the dayt For in the fir.al ar~alyeis, unles:J a theory doaa correspond te reality-,. ~t io no earthly good to aeybodyo

Great historical orises, liko World War I and World War !I aren't just accident•. Thooo violent out• bur-St5 that she.ke -the wvrld to its foundations don't just Jla,ppen. The~ wua a century oi' peace bet\vecn the end of Napoleon's day' to the first v.orld war, Thore ·waiS only a short period between that and \iorld War II. ··It was short because the holocaust on the lattle field had done nothing to change the , ohaoe in production, but rather emoerbatecl. it so that the short peace brought it right 1nto·the long depression and finally-war. And we are in s. more violent and total Ill! as now precisely because nothing baaio has changed 1n the ~ ~ .E!:!!S~ .!!!!!..~ .2!·1!!!!!!:•

It is th& mode of production, the relations of the two basic olasaes at tho point of p;oduotion, l7hioh domiJl9.te all sep:>otd of society, politioo,l, and aooial ao.· '"'ll.a•.~.oOilOlllio, The relations of production in aey aoo1-e.ty .~e.~~~!fa,· .. ahape,

1 put their stamp on. all other relatione.

As pro~uotion expands and is. bureauoztltized, so 1o it With all other spheres of' oooial activity, Tho moat inmortant

··is government. : Gavern...nt today consists or vaat adminis• trstive burenuore.oies Whioh in any largo oounl:ry oomprieo U'.il"lions ·of of:Cioillls ai>d. functionaries, the n:a.j«"ity- of whom ·grow and multiplY b:r tho some Mods nr.d P'"Ooedures ae they do. in production, They exist for the same purpose, to-_d,i•o1pl1J!D __ t.h~ .populatl.ozi .. in ge..,ral, and are essenti-. ally as u3eleas. . . . . . ..... ~, -~- .. ' ...

. '. . . . "tioiie~n scale production, tho daily olase struggle in .tho plant, the cooperative labor of thousands >Torking togother in the ·highly organized and oamplicatod knd soi• entifio prooenee · of' modern teohilology 1 conoroto !cDO>vlodge of the labor buree.uoraO)" •• those· are tho foundations of understanding modet•n &ooiety, and tjterorore or uiiilerotiiid-~rxism.- - -

Essentially, what Marxist thoary does is show thAt everything dependo .upon the relationship betvlflen tho two fundamontal olassosi the oapitaliot olasa and tho work­ing oloss, Since one ia tho domiilant class, and tho othor

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the op ~sed, it is natural that the imoclses that eaoh alnus gets lt'om the objective movement -- in production ond ln politics -- aro entirely different, opposed, 7he point that a Marxist must rever £ol!!iet J!. ~ !]..! polit-ic~.! -~.!.~~~...!!'ies ... ill~~ bflic. their Whi!npu [.~..! ~ OllO 2f the sa two dom:nant C'Iasseso t i~-- y 0. ·~rxi~t wno fairsTo analyse the economic to the revel t of the workers is 1 into tho bour-geois trap for there nra only two Cnsic s cr that of the proletorint'. This :node of thought, or theor:r, geta its test is proved !'ight or wrong, by the moveJne~nt of society of which it i& on integral part.

: ., : ,,_ • ' '· _.: '•: ·'I • ·, \ •' ,.• ; j, " I • ",' •:

· · ." · . The ,pr'obloJ!l· t'Odliy is ,ole.nrly no longer ono of 'd"ivts.fo:n 'c.iltt:: ~~:~i1[1i¥~-~~ ·o.~ -~.~~·-.wOrld nn~kat ..

WitH this tonde'n~y :to oon'ornlizntion of onpitnl on n world scr.le, tht:iro'' 1

is n \mr.ngo in Lnbor1s rnnka, The truth thnt.tho S9oia~. betrnyod tho proletcriat in· World Wnr I r.a·• tho· of' oa1oi·to.l wus nnc.lyso,d 1,::·~· !"P'",!'"

~~·~~g:J!"}.

. . ..'l;,hu w_orking ~lc.se or lum rica bora the brunt of tho b .. u;or.t:tcrc.py1 ~ roildy" "no.~~rilco plndge" during World \"tar II nnd:.tho.,h~~rod ot r¥. nr::~s?s.for the lnbor buraauoracy . ·~ .. . . . . ,,: ,,

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then grow· to n white hont. 'l'hta, 'then. b wr..at is involved: How cnn lo. bor f'roo itsol:r from this oat~pl~s-like la.bor bur­onuorc.oy thr.t is right r.t tho prl)aoss ot production to dis ... ciplino it dey in r.nd dny out, hour in and hour out. and ev­ery minute of Uto hour? 'lh.r.t is wh..--.t tho J&t.asos weret soo.n:~h­ing for in tho gror.t strike mavomo.ata tlnt f'ollCPtod the end of World flr.r II. Tho wild-ontti.ng. tho muDhrocming of ra.nk r.nd f'ilo committoos r.gr.inst tho bc.bor buroa.ucrnoy., so viv­idly dosoribod by tlr.t lnbor-hr.tor, Victor Rie•ol, is what chr.rr.otorizos tho wcrlcing class r:e;. today. Ito rolo in nao­duotion propr.rod ciD steeled it tor this role o~£;-n dcr.th opponent of tb:! lnbor burcnuoraoy. It is not depen­dent upon ncy theory to find tlx>.t rolo or tho.t roc.d. But n 1i.r:.rxiot, not so situr.tod in t}¥, lf'.bor procoas, oa.nnot find this ror.d except by Mnrxiat thuor.:r • :1'}1.':".. t is vrtr. t he lives by. lf ·ho doesn't, dogonorc.tion r.omits him•

Tho greatest proof of thnt is whnt hnppcood to Loon Trotsky, tho greatest rovolutionr.ry J,W.rr.i!!'!:: li~~ng ~t tho timo • tho ·very oa:J \'tho headed tho only exist in._<!; ro7olu· tioll!'.ry opposition to Stnlinie111 throughout the P'Jriod of 1928 to 1940.

Trotsk.v drown division botmoon the Stalinist bur­onuornoy r.:ld itsolr. But he clrow·this diviaion not aloll,l!j olr.ss linos, To him s"tirriiifoiiiliirinot tho Mw fllco of the cEss """U'{ -- stoto cnpitol.ism nnd its totolitorian plnn- · ning ---bu only r. usurping, luxury-loving buronuornoy who r.r.d tho wrong policies, All ·thnt """ ""edod under tho oir­oumetnnoos wns to hcive tho ~ polioie:s_ nnd n solf-sa.ori-fioing londorsh~p. . .

Trctdkyism tried to prosorve r.,;niniam, no it ~ in 1917, Thus it m:dntoii:Sd thr.t, despite Stolitiliim-;-'Russin

z:em.:..inod n-viorkors~ att.to beoc.uso itl!l property wt:.a na.tionc.l­izod nnd tho o·oonomy. v.ns. plcnned. Be. wns thoro£ oro power:Le:_ss

·to .fight it r.t .its root, ·

In opposition to.tho mothod·Lo~ ~sod to tind out . w'nr.t wns ·how in hio opooh thr.t cr.usoa the. downtnll of the horoto1'or0"1Ir.n:ist Intornr.tioml (thO Second), Trotsky stub­bornly m:-intr.inod thoro wns nothing now in our •P<>'>h· to d:loo,­tinguish it from tho opoah of.iJDporiolist monopoly onpitol of ,;Jorld rmr .. I, .. Ho could not l!ind tho clnss mture of Stnl•

. inism boonuso ho ho.d ·~ found tho otate-capitnlist n<.turo o:t:. our epoch, J.,onin, on tho other mnd, looked for the

. nr.turo of his opooh .prooioely booauoo ho wnnted to find tha roots. oi.' the botrnynl ot thO mtlasos by the S ooial

ocr-n.,,;;-lVr,thout thq .!!l!,t of this phonomsnol betrayal, he \vould only hnve been reduced to mme-oa.lling, ns hnd Trotsky, but, whr.t is vr.stly moro importe.nt, hn could not hnvo found tlio noY( foraaa_ for tho new ~ o!'""reV"'!t'""tF.:~.t WOUld""ti\Ei plac....-.rosprtOthe botrayolo IUld WOUld COn\0 from n now l£yor ot tho populntiott, the lowost. doopel!lt mnsse:s in o~.,"Podit on to the t'.ristoorttoy or la.bor whiah was the lx\sia ot tho Sooond Intornntionnl.

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·..:rc.tsky would not fight Stalinism na the oloss oncnw boer-.uso he did not hr.vo tho theory of stnte onpita.l­ism.. And preciSoly OOcr.use ho d d not fight Stalinism a.s thnt clr.ss enoiT('r of tho p:-olct:-.r:nt, as Lenin ~d fought tho Sccir.l Dc::1ocr:.cy r:.s the lr.okC.JS of oarita.lism, o.ll his policies were c;-.o.'J:.plotcly inoffech\r.l, and hie fighting came to nr.ugilt.. Not onl~~ thr.t.. He hr.d no theory which ·would hr.vo propr.rod hirn to ace tho UGW types of revolt. Quito the enntr:.ry:o he v.ns wr.iting roorely for n repetition of the Scclnl Dcmocrncy'G typo 'Jf OOttnyrl --- rctuet'.l to seize pmror -- to rupo:-.t itself in this :ro..r, with only the co.st cf chcrr.etors chcngcd; the Cc~um :;t Pc.rties would thia time cr.pitul:-.to or.ch tc· its ::~rm hour got. i3io. 'trotskyism (the Fourth '!ntcrn."':ti cn:·.l) :-aould then _r tt-.ko cver11 and. loo.d tho workers to pm·rer~ A:ld ho k.:;rt r.ssuring evoxyona tha.t tho ••rorkors .vJor.::: more :~n<l ;.1oro i·ovolutionc.ry. This optimism wca not· r.t r.ll infcc"ticu.r.. precisely boac. use tho optimism.· stem­med not frcm his ~hoo:-.f., but f'rom "his fnith. His :}ofry hold th:-.t the wot-kors v;ore Constc.ntly boing duped .. he ·ca~nist.Pnrtios·and it needed Trotskyimn to expose

1tho.

true u.ture o! St::-.liniam.. But. whil'l Tr~tskyiam ·vm.a 'expos~ ingn Str.linis~= -~-~at-so-duped workers were revnlti!ll!j a.go.inst r.ll orr.:itr...Lisms .. _Erivr..te or state. a.r..d Stlllinism w:-.s crushi~ t!iC':'"'".EfoTOt~.rir:ii""r'rVoluti ons. Who' rover. the l'iO"d !I'llzy' rnr~rChU<!, rrDJUlSO"!und to Gonm.ey~ there the revol­ution ir.y cr\\Ghod, nrJt booc.u'se the Stnliniflts didn't talco

~ j?Owor:, ~t boc::-.u::w i*lO~r<ITd-..- -. -- ----

•·. In _t'J'fp~·~j:-€ion ~to·::this mcvoment or the workors, Trot~Ic:.·'.s ·theory oJ: Rur;sin. remnining, dospite :ttu degenero.-

..... tion:o ·n .. ,·torko:"s.~ !Jtr.toJ· lod him to cc.ll for thB defense cJ: · RU3:si..~ 1.t tho .outbror.k of Yforld 1•:c.r II.,. -This lod, not to

too oxpo.s!lro oi' Stnlinio):l, but to tho split within Trotsky­ism itsc.i.fe. Yfo., ns individuo.ls, (for there WO.fli no sto.te ... or.pitr.list tundoncy Tn Trotskyism in 1940) t'oilOW8d tho . Uorkorv .Pnrty I' hor.Q.od by ~r.x Schr.ctmc.n,. out of the Socinl­ist Horkors ?r.rty whioh -rctc.inod its orthodoxy. ·

Orthodox Tro'tsk7ism hold together till tho ond of ·~;ho \tr.r not oo much bccr.uso t£ the theory of Russia as r. work•.)l"f a !11:r~ t.o -- Rusoir. wns r.fter nll c. f'nr-o.wny ln~ r.rd nothing th<!y could do horo would nt'i"oot it -- but bo• onuse of tho·intornr:.tionr.l ECrspeotive .or world revolution which would rosuit"Vi!ion"t1io ommunist l'nrt1e:liinPituintild to privt~to n:.pii:r~ ism nnd Trot3kyis~ flOUld ntalm ovor. 11

But - tho Oern:nu11ist Pr.rCioo did no sv.~il. thing nnywhero in tho world, ilb~.ro -th~y hc-.d to~ thoy ooi~::od power.o.IK!. C\t tho same tim crushed tho worko~r;•· rcvolutiono It" v.usn"r€ ~1iii'im tho.t di~\nt~erctcd~ It wns Trotskyism.

\'lhnt l'i.!'.?pons in avery grent hiiStor ioc.l or1a1a is this .. ~l'ho rulin(!; o11.ao., which did ovorything to prepnro

·tho Wt'.l" "nd known thin io 1\ fight to tho ond, not nlono · ivith ·tho doolr.rod "noll\)' on tho outaido blt nbovo thnt wit.h

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tho clr.ss op1 ·mont within, 10bilizos itself OOr.!plotoly to hr.vo itc idoo.LOf!Yil ~s its thinking, ba the domina.nt ono in tho n."'.·.:;ion r.s n whole • The working clnss opposed to tho struggle with tho outside emmy in which it ha.a nothing tc gt".in1 a.nl intornc.lly whore it hns a lot to ga.in looks for a.n ideology 1 or view of life., vrhich would correspond to its to reconstruct society on now beginnings. Before Wcrld ~/ar I, tho ckss division in Europo in nny case vz::.s so clc.nr, in thought ns in production_1 thn t everyone .had OXJ» crud tho S ooinl Domoorn cy to bo tho ono to loo.d tho i'ight o.gninst the im­pcrinlist \'Cr. Instec.d, its fortro&see of trade unions o.r:d pr.rty- cnpitulr.ted untiroly# folded up like n housa o£ cnrds .. Sccir~ism., tho Mc.rxism of:· tho days bof'oro World "i/ar I., be­tr:-.yod b3cr..uso it itself wna corroded fran within by tho r.ristocrr.cy or lQbor, which r.roso with monopoly co.pitnissm c.nd suporprofits r..nd which h:".d become its "tr.sis.. Leniniam roplc:.ood tho Socit~l Domocrc.oy c.s tho ideology of the dcop­Cist, lO;·:o:.t mssos fud; wns tho more oppressed by monopr,ly and b-J thiG lr..bor r.ristOcrn·oy. It wt'l.s thia new k.yc.r th::.t fi-Ve birth to n ~ ~ o.f revolt.

St..~to-c<.pitnliat thocry utilised the Leninist di~locticr.l mothod of novor sopcrntlng tho coono~ from lr.bor. Ii' tho lr.w o1' tho contro.lizc.tion oi' oc.pitnl is being

·driven to tho ulti·.:c-.te limits. so is the lo.w or th~ oooio.l-i:'!r.tion of lr.b'or. · ·

Tho eocinlizction at lc.bor is not. 4 mere question or rcsistWlco to c3ntrnlized oapito.l. It oontnins \vithin itself tho positive elomonts ot tho' new society. O'nce you Geo this in productinn, you oc.n see it evarywhere. _ UnlosEi you soo it in production, you oan see it novlhere, and onn , novor \Uldorstr.nd whr.t is mcc\nt by the Ka.rxiat contention · tht.t tho· \'torkars r.ro the most. c.dvnnoed olnss in society. Ono of 'oho difi'ioulties in tho way is th~t ma.ny of tho ido<.s of tl1o .~ling olCss persist in the minds ot workers cvon·up to th~;,i moment ,o£_ tho ·revolution. It is only r:.!'tor the first g"e<.t outbroc.k thr.t tho mr.ssos ·bogin to bring 1hoir onergios n.nd t.i.oir yor.rs of thought r.nd discussia.n to boar upOn the probloms thr.t ft.oo them. ThGn, str.ge by' sto.ge, thoir own olr.ss idor-.s r.nd ol.r.ss progrrun rr.pidly untOlds.. No sir.glc hum::-.n being or pt-.rty could hnvo prodiotod, fnr loss organ­ized tho Soviet. No ono could hnvo gueeoed tho.t it \tt\3 com­ing until it orono. But it is obvious thnt the Russion wor­kers were in tho ir own \my r.nd r.mong thomsol ves coming to tho' conclusion thr.t they 1\Mted somothing mo<o thtln po.rlir.­montr.ry dcrnoort.oy. l'lho in 1936 when Lewis a.nd Groon wore· proposing r.nd counter-proposing in A.F.o!'L, council ho.lls: who coul~l hr.vo i"orsoon tho g1gc.ntio notions r.nd tho sit-dovm strikes which brought tho C.I.Oo7. Nobody. Absolutely nobody, Still moro, did '·"¥body oonoeivu th~t A~~<>rio<>n workers wnntcd to ho.vo C\ eystom v.horeby thoy would dcoido r.ll griOvr.noos on tho spot by immodinto discussion, and it' tho omplqyo~s did not ngroo, immodi<>toly wolking orr the jobi Yot thr.t is vmr.t-. thoy woro ~hillking l'hilo Rnosovolt \.ns }:t'-osir1r; tho N.R,J. •• c.nd Groan nnd Lowis Vluro arguing.

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lt b nlW!1yo VO'r'J hnrd to £orsee thc.so thi.ngo..-.iJil:: possibto to foraoe nJ,.l of thom, Yet ·todo.y bourgeoi.a soc- ·----io~ is in r. vo~ ndvnnood atngo ot doony, D.nd despite tho supor!'!.oir.l dominr.noo ot bourgeois idco.a, it ie posaible to soc. ur.mist.r.knbly whnt tremendous cun worlc.\-shnking po.ssiiJ!lB lio behind tho rostlossnoss nnd the bittcrnosa of the work-ing clt'.sa.

lt is these now forces nnd now pc.aaiona ovorywhorc thnt Lenir.. knew would burst forth in a new typo or revolt., al­though ho did not end oould·not hnve known that it would to.ke tho form of soviets. Despite Trotsky1 a revolutionnry fnith ho could not soe those. Moro thnn tint. He wns so ~up with.tho old form ot ~'tionnli•ation of property r.nd plcnnod ocono~r.t ho, or rnthor his followers, first found themselves bedpnrtnara with Tito, a.u:l ncm a.re the hcndm.~idons of S~lil:\l.sm. itoeli'o _The logic of theory, VIe_ soc, ~ beyond· tho intontiona of any individuo.ls or group of individunls, lt hr.d not only its extorne1l form, but YID$

corroding tho pnrty trom within. It ia this_ life thnt we coro to now.

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·. SECTION III - B - ~ !!!f~ 2£. .!!!!! ~-Capitalism GroupinJl.

I Education, Proptganda, Agitation: ~ ~ addition to ~ oadershl.p ·

An original theory such as that of state capitalism doos more than explain the world a."ld th .... e national political scer~e. It. has been elaborated by mature poli tieos and it creates., so to speak, a .political tendency.

Our theor,y had brought us.into immediate conflict with the majo­rity of the ·\7.P. leadership . led by L!ax Shachtman. He had, in the meantime, elaborated a theory of "bureaue:ratic collectivis.rn 11 • 'lbis thea~, at first, actually flirted with the idea that bureaucratic

. collectives we~e a -progressive phenamenon beca~se the property was. nationaliZed and the econo~·was planned. It became an enicm~ why in -that ease he brolcc· wi tl'l. orthodox Trotskyism •. Then this same theory vCercd to the other .e:(t~emc and said that Stalinism vras the most react-ionary phenomenon in tho world.

-:.·:.: ·.•; : -' ·.:._" But .these seemi.ng extremes were only opposite sides ot the same ·· ·: ., •" .. -eoin: -~he . .'gcnlli~ely Trotskyist 'concept that it was property forms, ·

>•· h.: ' n~t .produ_ctio.n'rell'tioi\s; whicil distinguishe<! historic epochs from · ';~ .. ,,., . · ·:' · .OlJ.e·,.~oth,~J;. : .. Li\(e .~tthodox Trotskyiom

1 it·\'fas a pr.isoner of

: :'· ·: ,. · ·.-. , "•nat.ionaJ.i.zesl,.pro)>o:H;Y: and plan •. But,. where. orthodox Trotskyism with · ·. ':···;·:;i . . · i .i · ::·it~- .. ~P!IC;~pt; !Jf, ~orkqrii_' state kept veering· toward Stalinism, .-.-.:.: ,_ ~· .''· · ·. '. ' .. -SI\acllt.m'H'!-.~'1·: 'l');ot~kf,!;sm, ·with its concept of the backilardness of the · · ':' ·· . ., . • r:· ... /unerican )70X'kers, kept veering toward the other polo of world ·

::s ., ' : ,.,,, ' ' · :capij;;>'J;;::fln\el.'!cian · !niperelilisni; It ·vras governed by tho theory or ., ·' ;:;··,. ; "hi.,.1;ol;'iAAJ:.t9tro'ii>'esSioii11'.' 'The authors or that theory said that

.. ·.; .; ' • ·.·, ·thc··.dQgeilBration''ot oqurgeois· so.cioty. meant also th e degonaration· ·. ·-= • ·• ·~ ·: ::.·) .,; .• of1. tl:lc;;proletaria.t.· · · ·:: ··

·, .. ·' .. .,. . : ·,·.. . :·· ' .. OUr concept'tol'l ·lias tho exact· oppo.sito.. rro said that the

degradation of bourgeois society was due to the and :.,· ·:. ·· ' ... : i;·pij;!' .of. t~e proletariat. ·There wore all .the , a head~on ··il ·•. .; ... , ·<''? Il~j.p·n.p<l~w.ce'if,-~J('e·two political ·tendencies within the 1V.P.

- !;.:· .

'?.)".' .. ,;:•, :,_,··:,1'-'1 ·n; '· ' · . ·•·· . ' • · . . ·a, yet hnd no workers in our

., · · .. .: .. -:.•:: to find our in the .'",•; ; ..

:·:.

. :; . ' .. ., ~ : . ·: . : '•: .. •' .·.' . .i•~v;,ry·, principle and pr.,;tice .',;t B~lshevism has to bo translated .. . ;~to .. /uno!"i'ci":!':.terms! · Hi'storicai materialism, tho Uarxian ocono­.. -.. llll._c anOCI;Ys;f;s; tho'-rolo··afi tho party, tho relntion botwoen

·: ... ,'' :. ., :: I. •

.•'r

:.··:·

'P.

.... , ' .. :; : ,•i· '. ·. :·.•

.. d~o~ac~ and socialism, th~ rolation between tho trndo union .. ,lind .. ,~o part,y, roformism·.and revolution, the rolo o£ Social . ·:·.Domocrncy:,: the thliory or, .tho state, the inoVi t~bil:l. ty of .... •9qialisn~:: .. oirory single· one of thoso can bo taught, dnveloped,

: al)\1.. ,dur.~ons~'il:ted from tho· American oconon\ic, soo:l.al1

and political dov~lopmont. ··The /unorioan Hovolution, the CiVil . \'far,, tho. Knights. of Labor, tho Populist llovomont, the llouthl>~'il.conomy·;,; tho: tr.oiDQndous his tory or tho C .I .o.; tho duvolopnent of tho two· major pnrties, tho Wilson ad!ninistr11tion, .'~ha' N:r Do~, tho N.H.,~., tho /unorican dolllll' civilization,

,• . .··· .....

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the! decline of the American Socialist Party, Eugeno Dabs, John L. Levris 1 tho lJarsis t analysis of all this is the materilll of our propaganda, of the creation of a Bolshevism vrhich will brcilk a path for us to the American masses. Tit;'! ideas and principles of Uarxism must bo boldly and uncompl•amislngl.y presented to thcnAmcriclln workors."

11Amcric:m or nothing" sutnmcd up that. section :md inc•1i tably brought us rr·om the question of theory to the question of

. orgnnization. It vr.-1.s entirely fantastic to believe that VM or the l:.P .. or the S.Yr.P. or both together would build the Amcrico.n ma.so party:

"Groups of '.'lest Virginia miners, VlcSt eo:u;t sailors, Pittsburgh Steel workBrs, all sorts of 'left• formations will ooalesec in ti~:~e and hammer out n unii'icd organi~iltion •. They will bring their qualities. our·t~k is to fer.m suCh a· ctreng hue us that t-hO ·eoil.osccnce· Ylill takO plac.c arouhd ~s, or even that doos not ''t..lko pl,:<ce, Pl!l" special contribution will be Marxism and the theory and pr·nq'tice of Bolsl)o~sm; But to do t.his ~<o · have to gnthel': 11 nuqleus of thotisands,. ·P.I' n>% •Till be lunerican workC!rs~ men and:wc:mC.n; lnstiilctivoly ho.stue to ·bourgeois society,_ who ·are vrcrKors;: 'hilvE!•bee"n··:w:9.r~Orar;.~~d··;mo hnvc

, . no .O.th.cr. prospect i!l .. lil.'~ .~xcept to be 17orli&l"s;' 'ThGy and · ··· ,.. .·::.: ·.Aillf. t.~~Y c·~·bll:ll4o."!)ll~f?)i~ye .. •:r.hcy: i¥2~;-thc only re.U p:oo­: ., · :.•, ·:; ·, . pngtmdn4tfa:•and;agit~~rs< i:laY. ·afttn' · d;>,y •. ~' .. , • ·. .

··i . . ~~·:·-> ···= •• :· .. ·• ·;··::~.: .. ·!~·.;·;~ .. r ·~·;:::··; :::· :-~-=·;_;·:.;: ... ~ ~:·:·:.: r. · ..... ;:;::.· .<'·.~ · ~ · ::· •• 1 :Thp.if·wa'So 1944• ;,llb~ri y"; had· fi'ro1; ·.elflshed,. \:tith'' the lr,adarship

·,, '!i!il, .. tfic<?ri' or,··t11: o: w;,,i>; ,iil''l94~c it;'·concorned .~l)q ·~~l'e of the : ·itu~n.i?/\,~.(<>,':k~'I' at; .• tlle p~JAt. ¢.'··pr0duc.tion.• ;'.flY' .1.~43, .the European

. :· tnfl~Se_s ,rdso' in ::tho :groq.~ .. ro~i~tan~:o ~movementa tcf."..f:?Scism, and in .; .Mer,i~~. tli~ Miners! c.ain9 O~t.;~.,_··w~gimoral ~~~~~- S.,'~~ough \7e. Yrcre ·

in the' lnidst or.·. a ·wor~d '('11:.•. :In tho·, same y~ar. ~Jlo.t;:the minerc chol­longcd not only the mino-awnl.~s 'but tha•.caP.;ltolis~ stato, the

'; '· iiQvernment, .the Negroes rose up in' ·great. do!')pnstr>jtions in Harlem ·· ani! i;i.Dc'l;roit; ·:·But·. the ·1'1:-.P• .. - was ·.so bound and gagged by it• own

tll!>ory .or histoi'i:cal; ·retrogro'ssi!!i'i; by.its CO.lJCept. tl:at the workers 1vcre )lnckt·;Qrd, ·tha:t·it .co11fd,,l)ot :i!ront :thoso:.~vq~ts in a manner th"t •·;ould get it a substllnti!ll.Joll"!'ing •. ; They· att>:iJ,c·t:ed only 50 PC9,ple t9 .n meeting on the miners. Th&)' saw: 11!':b)ill)g now at oll .in.the Negro struggl,e. ]1o, 011 tho contrary, h;,r.··Milcd it "" o. pmt !I.~.W.:~ comparable t~ t~e. mi!'in.'1s strugglo.·in its 011m wcy, This pr.o~f:· us ,'(1i/.r £i.~:'t :.Pro.~o~ar~nn • r.eerui:ts :, two.; ~cgro women proletarians. ' . . . . ; ': " " . • ·.• . . 'I "

'' . :. • ...• '. "b•·ought us olso .-~ r ::-t ;" ·· · ·.·;.· : · · .. ·:.·: · ... ,.·.·· ... ..

·• . ··:

. · . ·'{hoB"<i how worker alelporits who wore joining our tondrmey woro firid:l~g·;'J,'t!. difficult .to ·got along' with tho. niombcrc cf the W,P, ,. althemgli they thomoolvos,. ~· they were hro.'*ing !'rom bourgeois society, had bean attrni:t~~. ~o·tho \'f,p, ""'' •. thnt is how l'le mnt ~t.hcrn. ·.. .· . . . ;, .. .~.· .·.:~;;·,·

r::_· • : '1 • • • •. 1; ; r·. :. ; ··c .. An)oh~ ·'tho·.majprio/ tondoncy it. roll bneamo n bill joko hotv . . . ; :.··.t .·. .

•' ... '2067 . ,. : · ... ·

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.. ·

l··

·: : ~-·:, .:

: .. ·

--- -25----~:- -·---- ·--··-· ~----:---...___ __________ _

11onl.y raw \'torkcrF: 11 m:rc joining our tendency. .Previously trm·· ---­

opposite was whispered i.lbout: W(! ware 11 just11 thnoret.icians and kn0w nothing about rc.--u. poli tic:U life. · Tho youth had bean warned no+-..._ to taka a clnss in CAPITAL led by us because, it w:_l.S said,. we were making it 11 sound 11 as if it v11~rc a trea.tisc on state-capitalism. Now it Ttas

11 onl.y the rnw workors 11 , white and Negro, and it Yras

the vmmrm, 11 just hccausc 11 one of the~ loaders of the tendency w.:ts n wo1nan, v;hose joining us supposedly made us subjects for their ridicule.

Mcal1V1hilc, it bec'3mc clear that all new layers .'!n the p.:u-t.y -rank-and-file workers, white: <J.nd Negro;-l'rOriien, the youth - had become restless. So blind are lender ships of small rarlic:1l groups isolated fro;n the "great, lnnsses of the' workers that bhey had no · conception at· all· that· the restlessness in. the part:.y w:1s .'1. r&flcction of, th,c gcner;nJ. s_tirrlngs · C?.h thC outsid~~

.. Bu't .Y/J:l:ilO the · :th;trd l:JYer elements'. were reflecting the revolt, of t:hc t:l$Uos outside,·· th ~.o ·laildership rras rcnoc.ting th~! pet t.y boufgois and C!Vcn outright bourgeois conceptions. A head-on · colh.s~qn with.~n th""h pro::"ty was .on the way·. . ' . . . . . ·: ..

A .committComin Of a uriion l'lho . jo:i:ned our tendency nt that time 'luickly b~came··part ·or· cur l~adersliip.-•. Tho analysis of the labor burcaucrilcy was, o£ cou:tse, an integrol:part -of: our theory of stntc-capi talism, But ncl't, vri th the addition of this new le;u:lor, for the first:'. time. our !"e~olu~ions .nli~ame permeated vrith tho same feeling against tho bureaucracy as that which permuates the American. wol"kor to whom this is not a theoretical question but a, mat tOr: ·or ':the ·iioi'y conditiOits ·o1;~lis life and work. Thns the nf:t\'t ;LeCdGr cOritrlbutod to thci=Mer~"'l.·Canization of Bolshcviam, ·noJ> .Juo.t .. fn genoral' bU:~· fn .. the· cortcratcr. · ... -~. . . .. :·· ' . . · .. · .. :;~: ......

·. . : i": .... ~. ... ': . ,;.: "'.'!."

ir.~ •• ~1J.rki:'ng: in':rr\Y. h.Cadj:··aB lutks tn::evory:.AmariCnn workort s .... _lioa~.f ari~' i~ 1 s'. ~ci·'!.·".dagre~:·)I'OU 'just Cn.'l1.t· explain-. is this

.. : ""'phqi'Jomen_cn .ot bure~ucracy~ \.A wo~kcr =hns. a profound l.~tinct -. · .a profound dis.~rust of th~· ·l:iure·nucracjr; and a hatred or the .bura­

oaucrncy · th~t.1 s :b'c,Yon'd: 'dds.crip"tiOnell:. ' · ' .. "·. ·:

So activo and li'vO 'is~ho actual·hatred of tho American worker ·agdinst th o la~or btireaucracy, :continued our ·nevt laadar, that hu totally isolates miy'cnli vtho 'is in aeywcy .. cormoctod ·wi·th it,

. "including al&o the ccirnr.d.ttoemaru · · · ' •• :._. 0 • • ,. • :. • • •• ·:

..... ''( .. ;,Thord .. is .. ri::s~rise .. c.Cipc;lati.on ruiO:r alienation, I moan you just don

1 t · fool.il".P"''i< e>f,'l;horil, -'.Th.oy: won It ill yoU: Teal a purt of them, ·You Ju.at: feql .th.at ~l)oy just saP.o.rato you, The o~ly

.. timo I evor. oxpe;~encc .o. sensa of integz'ntion With them l.S during vrild~cnts,·· That'~ tho.only.time; •. And :l.t'lllast for so•ruro.l. woriks lli'ter a lot· of wild-eats,,. In mfll\Y vrrrys t.hoy \'till

. sha:r . ,,· torrific respect for mo .and DJ1 admiration, !Jut then, artor 2 or 3 \':Uoks, it ccnplotel.y disnppoors and thnt w:ll.l comes up a3ain, Ancl I've only boon ebl~ to bronk thut vrnU ' da.vn whero, ovor a pericxl of yoars, I'vo boon ablo to to.l.k with cort4in rtorkt;rs, discusu and oxchungo idf~llS, Thoro they undurstood clo:ll'ly th>t. I pli\Y a certain role in production bocnuso of tho cbjoctivo nocosaity, and--that also I have

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certain othqr idens with which they agree • 11

From th.e~-start wh.1.t wa3 involved in the fight vr:tthin the W.P., · ns !otor within th"' .. o ;::i\'iP1 wns the total blindness of those parties to the clements of the neW society in the impulses, thoughts, and stru~lcs o.L'"tho workers, ospoci3ll.y thu American workers, today, not in the millenium, but ted&•

l"lhore they lOoked upon Honano, tht uhito produetion \Vorkor who hod joined us and began·, to tell us his story of· the d!li.ly ~ ir:' the factor/, as backward, our leadership wrote:

liThe profundity of ltomano' s contribution lies not in naking any novr discovery but rather in seeing tho obviOUs - the constant and daily raging of the workers ogainst tho degrading and oppressive e.onditions or their lif'Q in tho factory;. and,, at the ~!'ll'ile. ti.r.".a, their creative ClJld elemental drive to. · ·rr:construot society on :1 ncm· :md ~.igh2r liiiv~l.-" . --· . . . . . '

. This ~~od~on .. coJ..lison . with th!' pru-ty leadorship which vtas on its •ttiif hns· tobe .. soen in the'context of tho. developing objective ·. !:!..:OVer.lCnt~ ~Oior.~d~ that end_ we -cr~·.nnking no distinction betuocn tho twa· parties~ · .. · . · .• · · · · · ·

. ..·•. . I .. '

· II Tli e · knrik: and ~'ile "orker .---- :----~ "':_

.. ! • . . . ." . !'" . _; • ; . .

ln: 19.S:Co# r~~· y>d fiJ:o .v~tcd · unani.J:l;mly, to le&e the ~IP. _Ncve:s:-- be'foro hBa ther e bc£ln ;a ·case· or a spli-t. fr& an organizution that cla:!Jncd to be revolution3l'y which had not pre>due0d a schisro also in tho grouping ab~out to split, ospeci:UJ.y 11orker-ri1clnbors; 'who, being or~anizocj,,.nnite.d.,. ·.and· discipl:i'r!ed. by ,tho very proco'ss of prodU:Cti:oil, · sii~ ·a,n:~a~i:ngc.stick..:.to-it-iv<>.noss.•to ·organi.za~ions which. haVo.P,d~'r\:tod; ~he road· 3Vfti// f!_or:i .tho exploitative,-, uogroding capitnlie_\.·sp.c~ot;r •. )'{c. soon•rcu~· 0\>t th!':t'- tho unprecodcnt<.>d

.. action··on·the part .or tho ranlt·Md file wus duo to tho fact thn.t they had found their ~-opmatae to be moro revolutionary than tn-o so-called rovolutionarios in tllc TS'iiP. · ·

.•. ~ • , r. : ·wo··rel:il).~a.:· not ·onli' that tile m6~~. ci. our tondericy had

not l:ilf't li · · . mcvemont b,Y lo;>ving the 5\'IP, but neither hod the . walkod out or ''the SiiP-VlP in clisgunt those pnst 10 sec.:mcd to us then, nowhere to go.. Is clanr th~ir .~lass. ·

·'Ibis, ind¢.aci;.i.s .• th~.problom or our 0go: how' to keep in tho aao ;·or ··at':ito':.Capito.J.isi:i'thu rol·ations. betwoon lcodors and ranks froo £rom tho bw-oaucratism_ thn.t. _po'rvrido"s_--tho wholo ··or ~ocioty.

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Tho work2r has a ri~h- t to knOYr the nnsw~r p:lrticularly sinco it is in that tho nllS'Irer lias. All that ho . in hi'lscl.f; kn0\'1 that he did tho rigl;t thing in walking out of 'tho party where nosa•• this burc~ucratiso parnlYzing it, and d~m~d that an. organization that claL~s to bo revolutionrurJ bo "orgroa1zcd in his ~a~a. To hr.lp him to do th?..t we r.rust first t.ako up thu ob'j'C'Ctivc situi\tion, to shovr vi!}y_ his ir.lpulscs arc so correct ami yot why they must ba org~IZOn into a ~ conception.

First the objective situation:

11 Every Stage of capitnliso has its awn particulnr class relations. Fe arc ncwr in a new stage, the stage o! statc-capit.1lism.

·This st~e is.distinguished by tho fact that bu~caucPsey is ·the Only means .bY whieh the capitalist ela.ss can hold its power.

. . .. . . . . • ) 1Bui. 'in .this. b~rcnuc'ra~.r ·the labor burcacracy is decisive. ::n .. oaeh i:quntry: it has;spocific forms, .. In tho United States t.hc ··struggle is cc~tere,d in productiOn •..

"The workers all OV"cr the world have learnt or nre l~arning ·.,, til at '\ niera victor;Y··at ·the p.olls or nationnlization o!' industry .

i~ _no~ _enou,r)l.::Thcy distrust ·and !c:u~ D.rul hnte bureauerncy. · .. · ;riley. d,o: not. rro.nt. good TrotsliY'ite bureaucrats i11stead of bud

... heuthar,i tq or· bud Stalinist but·onucrata·. ' Th'e:r want to _,:.: 'su~·~i:titUt_o_ :a _system in·whic~.;bureaucraoy as such ... 11

. -~ ' : : . . ·: .

·. : ·:: .. '\ ;· '.. :. . ·-·. ' ' ' .• , .rloos not e~st·.. -the .only system whi-ch -from its vary nature ··ex~iuQe~ b~paucrc.cy: -from. ·tho start is ·the· Lenihist worker's state, as. vro suw in•de;t..:dl' in ;pmnphlot rll• The workct's in the United Stetos aro ready to listen j;o this for thoy ume1•stnnd tho probloms of prdduction bottor t han nqy ot.hcr wnricingolass.

It is. n<Jcos~ .!:2.'!>~·%n .~ llro<luc~, . . . . . .

Th"'c ciapitaliiit.S' ~c primarily intorc~tcd in uni,ntorrupted prnduction · tha,ir. wny, · Tho worker ·warits- to promicc under eondi tions whut•o ha .. c6.n cci(lc .. vihat is to.~ produecd·ancl h··cm·it is to bo producCit,. whe;p, he qan do. the ·work he likes, and most important of all, whore he kr.ow.s that bis .v:orth is re~ognized and that he is playing an important and necessary role,

Unrlcr present Condti~ns, the most pawt::rful. and nt tho sumo time t!J~·Il)ost.frustrating·tendency otjthe workers is to produce and to cqoper11t'e ;!'or production as little as possible. Tho trorko~s.roalir.a that.ll certain minimum nf'production on thoir part is: ~cessury ;in: their ·own interest. 'l'~oy also __ realize that th~y rnu!.t not pnod'lco .above tho minimum. Tho:r thoreforo 11/!roe amonc them­selves ~o,~ot ~uch·~roduction quotns aa will subject theM to as little o:q>loitat ion "" posRiblo. ·Thi• gots thor.; into iruno~J.ato and conatont conflict with tho cnpital1st clnss and the l.abor bureaucracy which is thoro to koep th<l. work<>rs tiOr! to tho l!lllchino and tho contract. Tho result is persistent wild-cattinB• As one lnbor-h~ting journalist, Victor Riuscl, put 1t:

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11Wht~ravur you travel you find strikes, coating rllillions in p~y and profits, forced by tho hothuada down bolow - •lithout C:lnsulting tlf"'tl rc.:sponsiblc union leaders·- bccauso a fore­man roprira:mdccL .:1 mnn in his division;· or a chap vtaan't guaranteed special pay. Or someone WM si,iftcrl to a new department. Or th!!r.-~ m1s a lack of 11t1W' tools. There's an argu."l~nt Met out wa.i ks the entire der.trtment, idling thousands in nthor sections."

That is Annrican society toriay. The men w:U.k out over and over agi"In c'lpp.u-.·mtly for n·.'Jthing, anrl they rlo this bcenusc they aro sick of tho wh0lc system. Dna oay1 despite the stranglehold of the labvr bureaucracy, all are going to walk out at. the S.lnle time anrl than the system will ncv~r be put togethC!r ngain in the sane way.

All this is happening. 1n WncriC'-"1 society .todo,y, lllld all this . yto:tS p~sod by· Marx some 85 ":,rear~· ago •. · 1brx w~s able to 11prophcsizc 11 so- pr.ccisely by th:! s ir.lple mcth•>cl of drmring to· a c:onelusion tho · m?vc!'lcnt of capHalist p·roduction itself.. ll'll"JI.tlid not r.Unco his vmrrls. He said. that uhluss .tho. Vlorke~s1: eve_ey·.,.or~r, bceamo _a

. highly-skilled educated intlividisl,. bringing all his force anrl his ·; · :anergies. to prorluct:ion ;inrt."ai.l other scciiiJ.- activities, tho society

·· · of l'loocrn indus~ ry- ·w<>Ulif".col>lapse: · . ., · . . .. ~: ·:·

'· •. ''I .,.. t·· :. . ·- .. •.· :{· . . . •• _, ·.

,. "It .. l!ecarncs· d q~esti<i~ ~!;·lifo. i\n:l <l<iilt.h for.· society to a<lnpt tnP. ···· ·~· :~, · ,. · 11orio. of.produc-t1on to. tlie.no>;msl· tunctioni.ni: of. this law.

. .. ~: ·. >t~o~c~rn oindustry<inq~Q.~· P.~els socibtYI un~er. penslty of death, ;·,· .· : :.to. ~.epl,ru;o, ·thec'rtt!t;a~~ ~!Ptl<er.. of tcdey,' crippled by a life-long

... roP!':q.tion .. l>i'"<in<¥md tho samo trivial '>por,tion and thus . . r(iduced to a more fragment of a man, by the ful.ly-devoloped inc!ividual fit fm: !'. vari«tY of labors; reoQ.y to face· azv ch"MM of. prqductioh,. and ti?)ihom the d:i:f.forcrit. social fll,llctions he .

. por~onns. ·.arO: buti so m;my inorlcs of giving !'roe scope t>:>·his awn ·na.tur~. anti· acqUired :Pownrs·. 11 : .. · ·• • ·• :·. · . :·. ;!. • . . .·· '

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: .. · sii.i\~·;. ';,h~ .pO'Itcrs of the. workers. are<releasod .fr~m tho str:mglo­hold of cnpitnlistic·pr:•.>rliiotitin whwu· hc .. is .n·>thing but an appnndagc to a r.>achino, or society .will continue on its rosh to :the·· 31T,fas.

· ·: Thi; Trotskyism could ~~t. c:...prehend. Iri st~rly circles it · Yioulrl be '!ll'>ted but in lif6 it was novor .. follc>rted because it wDS

inconcoivr.lllo to thorn· that'; ttui .. workors C•>uld ~do t.his withmtt buing ·~~:l.ertn, lcrl by them,·· of CO!JfS9•, · · · '

This is it in a nuts.holl •. ·

. ~!:!tally opp~sild to ll11. tlfrs. i:s thu political attiturle ol' tho go'nuinc rf1!1k unc! file ''1ho .coJ!l_O:J into .. tho party~ .Ht't is tho nno who lr,n.cjs .tho \'rild-c~t .•.t.rikos, symptornntic or ·the r.evolt ng~nst tho

· ·· buroaucrncy. Ho is,::sooking. to bu~ld cuuause:i .t·o ·Win posts in unions. ·Ha ·io. s:or,king priClarilj' ti. rovolutionary ·sl\oi~st .Ol'gsni:ontion in ~ ·which ho will gain knowloilgn, tho .understanding, .the.rlisoipline nn1 tho ~ssocintions which \Yill rortity anrl dovolop him in his instinctY.o

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hostility to bourgeois society. He is serious about building the pi'ir.ty as n. basis for a naw. rtay of lifo. The WP-5~1P ,.,uro geared to rl0mornl.ize. hin and in tho end to drive him away.

·. He fimla n0thing. h.nd limited, handicapped, circunscribort as l1C have hcl~n, WP. havu been able to doorinstrnte that mrr.·, incxpcrionccd Ctr.u"t.dos arxl friends with®t l:>nn: exporiencc of Mm"Xisr.t, trained anrl erlucnted by us, hove been abl'~ t? }:klrticipa.tc in various spheres of the class struggle as offcctively as ·~ •Jthers ill the party - in simila"'r ci~cumstancos ..

In Detr:,i t whcri the pcn5il'ln schetle c~e up, the &."TP bUsied itself us usual vtith· the polities of a !ew pennies more. One workt1r v:ho is very_ ·sympathetic with our irleilS to:Jk tho floor againl5t

·lieuthor. He tolri hir.t: 11 You got $100. JF.ayhe you should have got ~no. Maybe others mulrt have onlq. got $90. That is Y•'"'' a.!fair. ~"/e arc no-·t intcrestP.ri in that. \That we are int•;-reatt~d in is that yt)U ha' vc C:)nsistently given away to the" C•Jmpany tht1 privilCgos lbhai this·uni•.m ha(\ vnn in its early dews or struggle, priti.legcs

· c.f controlling our own production. That is what we .,.n("'nt bae:k. : i·Vto ·fthall never be satisfied untU wa gat it". ll&ut.her wc~s th•ivcn

,"to the rlof.tnlBive. The pension rlisCussion became a tiebate between . :Rcuthe.r ar¥1 .. this wm-ker a-net ":Vent ·m ft"om meuting to t!loei;.ing. ·~IJ r.ni\Y ·ncut.l)crl_tes were supporttig thA worker that Heutl!er had to s;:cy:· th?t alttt·.oug~ these· ideas vtere ~orroct, tha time w::~.s n1')t yet ripe. ··. . . . . . ..

· ... Th.B~ iY'i;'~r~ }.:~ ttmbrt to 'neuthcr· m?re tho.n 'to thisitypr. l1! worker. Y<~t it 1ras ·precisely ··this tupe :>f 1mrker wh~ becane an ·integral

. : · part t;lf -~r .. le~~ors~ip arf''d with whcim "f!~ ~cnt t.l) cvur rloepor · strat~ ~~.the. proletariat •. It.wus this trpo•wbo intr~luced Koman~'•

.• pompblet to which wo raferr<ld • t., ah-l'.re :mrt wit,h which wo "Wish tu . de.:\1· ati:al.n, .new·; · · · · ·

! ,··· . i:~· ~~~: Ih~~.rir.l pe,;ox~ b~trio~n le~ving ttia "'P and re-entering the • ·:· .s;VP.; vre :pul)lJ,~~bed;Tm;; AMEiliCIJI VIOllKJlR •. This·p~~r.~phlet consiston or ,. · 't)V<l;.part~,. ·o.ric>. pa r~ b.'!_ing, Vfri ttcn. by. tl\e produ~tl.on worlcor an<! tho

· ,. · ,. other by .<>ne of our 'th ooretical laatlers wh·o hn r' speeial training · in tho ·Hegeii~· philos<>pl~ •.. . · · ·

Parli .. i Yt~ .0. de~·~ri~tf.,,~ .. 1r life in: thO· faCtory. It was a sort ot· diary_ or a ro.nk and file worker iri a mass production inrtustey • . It showod a~t; ooo nnr! tho sruoo ti,.,, the rl~gradaticm of tho worker by the capitaJ.J)stiC pr:>coss nf. lnbOr art!' ccnur.uni'ty or l.:ioor botvtccn tho

. Vlorker'~ tho~selvcs:· 'lTcciscly' bccauso tho CO-:lporativo bond bet.ttoon the wt>rkers thel'lSolvco is stronger than thio Slavcr.r, there ia in the coop~rative ll<bur process the olOMoots of tho new scciot.Y. Homann, for ·ox ... wplo, showo~ hovt, 'honnvcr the worker. ansaks ll'lmy, ho in­vos~ignte~ tbe'. uth,•r sections ~r. thu plant bocnusa o.t;: thtilm~ing to vision the wh?le ·Qr vhich he is 11 part; how the we rkcr's croati.; Vi tv .~s .oxpresst:cl in what vm.s knC"JWn as naovarnmm\t jobs" - jobs f'lr hi1:1Solf on a> rnpnD.Y ·time; lll)cl horr he Yr.lllts to bo not a c?g in n 1:111chllne but an ;U.l-rounil mnn.

'!'art 1I "'"" a .. philo~r.;>hc:l. on3lysi• ~r tho lUlU sr,cial individUal arisin~ in tho fncitory in opposition to the tr"do union bura:mcr-ncy: ·

"Torley, in nl.l strata of snc:l.oty, n ••·=h is g~ing on for the:! vtny to cronto a worlci, 'Jno wo' .. rlrt, in which mn cun livn ~ soci:.U. :mel crontive individunls, whoro thoy on"n live n.o nll-roun<l men ann not Just n.o <>vornt:o mon. Out of this so~rch a mw plill>sopl\y

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of life ls b~ing ere a tort •• ' (n<>thing) parallelo in .-!"pth and sCnpe tho prl)cess of cvaluu.ti·>n· art. re-ovo.luntion nrm going

:On in thO <:tctiVity .and thc--1ih'lugltts .,f nen. 11

11If 'J\lr tendency h:iS. bccit-.abic,to moke any contrilmtions t.J Bolshevism, it has been because for it the study of the Hegelian di~lectic in its Marxian iom, ._of Marxian oc~Jnor.dcs,

. anrl nf the. mO-:"thorl 'Jf tha grcnt revolutionarius is nothing r.'lt")re than intellectual prepnration·and the p~~ng·of bourgc~is ideBS

'in Orner t~ be able to unrlerstan1 an~ interpret an~ organize tho instinctiv(~. rtrivn anr1 revolutionary instights anr!. tho rank

· arr! file proletorian anrl tJJe petty-bourge~is .but i~ealistic y0uth. 11 • •

. ,.fc harl lcinrne'rl that il']. thOir insticnts arrJ. impusles are to he . found the hi~st social developr!lent of the <1'1)" arJl the rom! tn t he nerr soCiety •. -:""t is t,his conception. which br.,ught directly into mr leacfership .. the ·w.,r~er type and at tJJo "'""e ti!:ie laid the b.lBis for nc~. rP.las,ti•Jns between lenr~crs and ranks. On the· other hand, tho c·nli­flict .Jf the. learlership of the old pnrites witJJ 'its r:mk an<! rue rms ·a. per1.1"J.mmt, c-mt.irru.ous feature or part.y l'ifC. This was bocmum that lca .. lorsbip: YT.:lB insensitive to -its ·rahk-' end: .file; never unrlcrst(loc\, ·listened ')r learned llJVthing .frnr.l it anrl· als') bcc:1use r)f thoir :J~"tn notions of tho relations tJf casses to parties anrl part~s

... ,to rev.?luti-Jn. Because thoy hnc! the n· .. ?ti;>n that the workers must be lc•l they C<luld not learn anything fran thee. In the 1'/P the potty brurgeois. arrogance of the loarlorship wns nCJt a quest-ion -:>f S'lcial .origin.. The· arrogo.nce cnmo. £rom tho cr,nccpt that all the American vrorkrJrs wanted l'TD.s lifo or "plenty fior llll", anti not 'jf a lii"e where rnen would tor the first tilllC· be ·able to use ~1. thP.ir nat· -rnl and acqui.ro'l talents .• becooc truly human beings. In the Si7P tho blintlnOSS C21110 fr-.n Mmpletely •.misunderSt!lllding tho nature or oto1inis:n. an(\ therefore. blo.ming tho workers !or conatantly "boing .dupod"i. They just hru\ to be there to lcac! or the w~rk~rs

. , would again be "duped"· ey· tho Stalinism.

The truth ;.s the exact opposite. It is tho S"IP leadership whUh '(lith. oyqs vririe <>pen to all' the crinos and betray ai~ of 6talinism ~cy9rtholess h~.'llds on tfl· it for dear life, si.I:lp1y bucausc it c:umot

., . ·:!roe itself from •tbo Plan. · ·

. ·.~ . :. _: .. nia rank anct. file w."lrkor in our· grouping oilJ\to ·tn us not •)l)l.Y becnuso ·he .finally had n'forum• in which to express himself. ,That wns gonr\ an~ in .. the typos"iii""''Jlll' organi•ation he roc.>gni•od . .. tho::.Y<U"i,o~s l:lY'ors ·nf. the workir1g clasS outside and c:mlcl return .them,with rurrr ·irlell3; But it Wll3 something. muc~:mo1·6 than thnt •

·!· . . .

,· . ! . .. He c.omo, t<> us because ho found a gr1uping in which the loarler­

ship die! not .. stop at 1:1orely rocognizim; that ,tho bnlii.c sourco for prngrc33 :)r tho org:::mizQ.ticn, it ·ideas, in its thaoi-ies, in its next C'1ncrcto a~ops, ft>r thooratical art'!o.nco .~nd organizatir:mal ...

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r.1oth'1rl, C•Jncs and can c•,mc >nly from the thrid layer in tho •>rgani­zati m;t which represents the mass outsi~e. The task of leadership begins Vlith this. The job is to orga.niz~ these impulses into <l.~ C'>nception, ~!!!:!!.~of~

Tho party is n "11h ,lc. .t'olitics, frJrcos, intellectuals, union le.:tdors, third l:!yer. It vras necessary to binrt thera all t,Jgcthc:r. It vr .. s necessary t:J l'lork .JUt a no\'f rclati·1Uship.betwc'=T.i them ,·uvl in this working .)Ut of a nevr relliti·Jn·lhip,t. .. :: ·uo::· '.: ... , :n· ~. :..hi.:r . · .... ~L.J .. , ~ ,.·• im rtlbich all partieipato, the pract-ical taaks of the party r.tccts the natura nf the epoch in which l'l~ livo.

;.~.: ;.\,, .. :M.c;. "-:'1. t.C1~ t)ni~~ ;:,T;: ':.~.: ....... •.··~~·.-.•::·.:.;: ~,. ": • ."t·J~·;!j· III !!)~ ller,ro

All politics in the United States are expressed mo!t sharp~ in the· llo;;ro 'iuastion. Polities is only a concentrated fonn for expressing economic relations. Doth are seen clearest in the rlailY lives of the people.

The pali tics of radical . partie~ differ from the politics of thc·ruling cl&ss which prev-uil in capitaliSt sociaty. The po;bit±s · of radical parties are rc£l''.ectod in the life •rithin the party. The moment they deviate in any way fror.~ the strict working class po.~i­

. tion0 ·i,nuliediately tho life Wit.hin the party begins to reflect bourg-. cois politics and.preju~ices, ·

~re have .described what: tho break from the Socialist Party meant in tt.,:.life cir,the ner~l.Jr-fonncd Communist Party. But, ,iust as tho wliito chauvinist' trial~. r.tade tho· Negro feel this party is cli.i'ferem, this difference dissipa'ted i tseli' ·.when .'tho ,party i tseli~was transformed :L into a. ~arbon copy of. the Stalinist te',alitru.•ian · po.r,j:y of Russia, During the Popular Front Days; for'·aXlmple, .wh9n it was fashionable to hobnob With· bigwigs, ·I )mow for a fact that in flahsingtou, D.c.

· t:h"ll'"o vrurc actUally !!!P.arA.to ~roncttqs tor vthitos an:l Negroes.. · . The · ·alibi was ~it just "happenedn because thcoo vror:"l

b~~~ branches. llitb !russia's entry into World \'far II tho . "' Negro· rights vrti ·s shelved. altogether by tho Canmunists,

11A. tor' tlemocrncy against faslhismn meant thnt tho m.ost faecistic practices of the Southern bourbon• as well as in the Army itself had' to bo. tolerated. 11ogroes wcr9.;told that they :nust forget their rigrt;s in ~rica. This drove them ou t by tho thousands quickHr than the camnumst .Party activiSm :during the unomployme!lt days an:l uviction and the Scottsboro case brought thorn in, When.in 1943 Ben Dnvie joinc<\ La Guardia on tiC c. platform and told the ~emonstnaton to go home, it.vulS in re:ility the end of "'11' C.P, branch in Harlem.

i~ thp)lgh embroidered in much J..tariis t phraseolo~, the Workors Party hild 'n position on tho Negro Question that""" not fundumentalll,y difforont from that of :tho Socialist Party, It was an economic st"S!l-8le thnt wouJ.d not be solved till socialism, Hawovnr, the •4o•s differed. vary considerably rrom tho turn or tho centu.~, so that in the YT.P. soci.ol cqu'ality Tras not :llone preached but prnct.iced, Tqat did _not chango by~~~ concept~~ brsckv1ardnuss ~

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of tiE Negro,

This had its inescapable conscquances in tho life of thO p.:1rty, In fact tho history of the ~'IP' s position on the Negro Question disc?­losas, in concrmtratod form, its dcpnrtut:c fran lb.rxi.sm and at th~! s.w.c tine rovc:1ls why the riP failed to grow. Thi! has it.s lessons fo r us: ·

l) From the start of its iooepcndont existence (It spll t from ·tho ~·.rp in 1940) it folt no need to sensitize it.ocl..f to the fact that th' e Jlcgrocs were so arching for a new '~'l1J' of life, a na7t way or thought arxl .a r:e~·,. mode of action. Quite tho contrary, it ignored this despite the fact that the tnost exciting ovent that, had occurred at its first convention was the <ll?C<J.rancc of two Negro sharccroppe.B from Hissouri presenting a posnibil.ity of re3l. revolutionary workfin the ll'ass r:tovetPnt.. It continued tai~norc this when the nost important strike actio.t the party p:u-ticipated in occurred a.JJDng this r:tost exploited part of thA American population. Just bacnuse this actiou was led hy our tend.oncy it was just let p:ws. Or, what is worse, slandcl .. ed. In any case it never became a part of party life aoo thought.

2) At thr. sorr.o time the national Negro Depa'rtment conscd to 'cxio-t before it.ovcr reallY got going. David Coolidge, it. was whispered, was opposed to a. Uegro Dapp.rtmant, a Negro column, etc. i'o him it vt:.s just a· fornr of "black 6hauvinisr.~.u. It ,.,as not ncccs­S:lry1 you. see, to gO to· .the· outside. to look ;nt tho diff,:,ronce bet\·teen the "talented tn . .Jth11 .lirid the Uegro masses • uight within the nB.Tty the condi ton w~~s ·oven ttorsc. This tolanted tenth roprOscn'l;a.tive 11as actunllj hostile. Under the spurioUS, outworn nthasisu that only the Unrxist p:.irty can bring class c,:,nsciousness to the prolet.aria.t, "f.he Ur:!~roes .worO told they cannOt 11go it alon9 11

organizc.,ti~nalty. Cooibictgo d~niod .that the llusro wns an especially revolutio~y force. ·

"L""t am very intd.:guing", he wrote,' "is tho doctri~e that Negroes wiil bo mora rnibitant. and' revolutionary t-han .other peOple. 'l'hore dooan1 t soeni to be much ·Sol2id grou..'ld under this 'raco' excep:tionalism ... If TfB have in ·mind the Nogro prol,_ tariat, how vlill· it. funct.ion uniquely. Vlill it be more· · rcvolutioi'Ulry bec~use it is the most oppressed? But i_t is also ·tho lor1ost .in thfl economic scale, with the highest illitcrru::r 1! and thl'l leasi> organizcd, 11 . -~

3) There you.'havn .it in a nutshell: tho-whole bou'C',i.s theory. · Mcro social equnlity couldn't 'Change tha~ eoncap ,

!!!!!. §!!f

If thoro is nqything the groat rovolutionar.r Loon Troteky know it wae that no rovolutionnry purty can bo ~uilt in any country that is not 1) indigenous, 2) basos iotelf nn tho doopest layers, ~ost oxpl~ited .secti~q or the proletariat, ond 3) whoso loodor­

·ship doos not pem<ulte tho· p!U'ty with that type or attitude towards tho "'""t dnwnt,r<."!dan who may be tho loest glib with their to11guoe but aro nnvortholoso tho most rovolutionnry ~ inetirct.

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it. For years he asked the S<IP to •tuey' ··'" Civil rial! as tho beginuing of any unde1~stard!ng of J'.r.tericM davelopment. B1!+, the nos..t persistent subject of all b~cause it was contempcrary as well as historit<.Ll und hence h;ui .:m urgency !'or the buildin3 of the p"lrty no\v, was the qt,gc;t,ion of the UeJ;roes. He be~an almost ns soon as he landed in Prink:i.o.· after his expulsion from Itussia. Put the conver­sutions he held t~uJn with an S'.ITP leader got nowhere. hll the S~7P kll'l:>"' was they were opposed to Stalinism ani therefore rejected anything th~t the Cl' did ou ~ny Trotsky t.o shoo that what Lo .. j were doing on thP. Nr:;;ro was not but .~~~!!:• the heritage Lenin had left the ty national strugqims, in ·which ;:;;c,:;.:::::_~M;:.:: The- S''IP could. not 'unOF.r'S't3iif l'TO.s orginall~ written in Hussi3Jl undorstond the Amerioan Nc.gro.

In 193B, a. whole decade a!'trlr his first attcnpt he 1:1adr another txy to poS\"i the N~gro 1\lestion as fundrunontal. for the J,Jneric.:ul movement. This tir.lc ho succeeded through one who hr-ld a.lrondy come to that. conclusion throu~h his own thinkillg, but Ytho soon after brokO with tho Sl'TP. The S':'f.P just couldn't movP. ahe<ld. · ·

Ylhon we returned in l9h7, the S':IP adopted showing tho revolutionary ·role of the llcgro in A.rneric<,l .from its earlieSt di.l)·s to the ·present. bad pructifes ~ad C<ltCn into the S,YP.

a Uagro HRsol.ui;oion t,he developrnont of But by now sr.rnc vor;t

Although they had done a great deal qf Ytork umong Negroes, they did it. on thr.., basis that Hogroes were supposHd to be prP.tty easy to got. They never understood why, thuy novl"lr undnrstood tho revolutionary feelings of tho Negro ·people, a.'l.d honco vmre

·never atlo to express th~·in a ~ovolotionar,y way and make tho llogrocs feel that ·this wus their party. This \VUS cspoci~ly glaring in Datl'oit whera tho att.ituU.e-of thP. organizer was that Negroes only cruno down thcro ber.ause they liked .to dancn and have a drink. With an attitude like that it was no wonder that 1?.$ joined and 1~~ left.

Secondly, just. as ono m1nllow doris not make a s~~r, so one corroet position isn1 t sufficient to crenth a rcvobutionai7 atmosphero. It happoned th~t tho correct Nngro position \Vas adopted just when thoy moved bnck to tho concept that tho Amorican worker was b~ckward. It is impossible to dissociate tho Negro Question frJm the J.roricnn l'juoutionand once thO SI1P interpreted tho expulsion of' •. the Stalinists from tho unions as a recession in the class st~ugg:e, it. meant roueh goin_g for £Lny sei-ious Nn~ro wOrk.

It was then that wo sat·t that thoy do not listen to thoir Ol'tn r nnk and filo •

Th<l Nogro m"mhors in that proletarian center of Detroit h:,d cCJrtain irl+:as on hdYr to implumunt that lt.c:solution, but. thBY" 'i'tero camplotolj dis>'ogard•>d.

You hawJ to havn tho skin of a rhinocorus to be able to s t.omach somo of t~o thing~ tho SWP does, Thus boforn wo cc.unc ;i.nto the party, they had held a convomtion in Chicago vthioh, it tumud out,

. was a Jirt Crovt hotel. Instoad o£ prnoticing whttt thoy prenched

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and movin~ p.~."'omptly, th·:.\'f '1ex:plainGdu to th~~ i';:"!!iro mcnr.~.:.r~· ha ... .,uch it Ho~rl 11 cost 11 them to chnng'::! plans now and hilrl thn:n swrllo;·1 it.

i.i·i;.h•:!r lJ•.:gro rn:..:mh..;bs triud to sh.ow that tha 3.tmosph~l'(". : n t}lP. loc~l ii..sHlf \':as not so good. Th~y s.:dd the~~ hrought SIU'Ip:it.hi.,,ers lrounrl ~nd thnsr:: fult ill ~t o.:;.se so that the:r rnfUsP.rl t.o return

a!_t.:in. But all th~ b"11P c'Juld do was shtJVr the.m 11 th:::! corr!-?ct lin~ 11 -itnla!ion.s in renl lifu' I:Ju:mt nothin~ at o.JJ.. As ;~noth•~r IJP.p.;ro --:;nmhm:· put it: ll'l'hc .p.:·J.·ty 'lns i1 caste system. ::'hen yoU u~rlk" in :rou :;,r.~ conscious of .diffc:.·unco bct:·rccn Ueg!'o and Vlhitc, ·oromcn :u:.d num, ~routh und <'.dults 11 .. They dirl nothing to chon~n the rnlat.ion~~ in tht.; pra.I1.y_. o:- :;vr:ri ·t.o ::m.ilysc them, and· hen~r-: could do nothing on the: au "tsi<lo ~

O:u:: ll."!·;ro ;:ll·o::.ct.a.rb.m w.U.kcd .J.rouh1 1•;ith a lif~; story which shO\'It~rl t~at ~ single it,Gi vidual comprised all th~ rcvolu t,ior·.:.:ry history ;lila polj tic~ th~~ no amount of rcsolutj,on-; COlll.d ombr!lce, but ha found no listencrs9 The only result of it all .was that lfhcn they found. out th.ut he_ l't~s associating himself l...-lth our tandP.nc:y :1 s't:.crtdy pc.L'St~cution <J.n<l isolation of h~ bagan .that shv.rod thny wor: .. twin brc.th~rs of Cooli4ge ..

It WM or~J') af~er t}ln ,split that this v1orker 1 s contrihu-r.inn could be publiohcd. 'Ia wil:;. return to this later.

· lV Ths ,.lome;, --·---[Pw-ing the wiu- womn by.:the. m'niions loft the kitchnn for the

factor.r. The p}WsiQgnoTi\Y pf thn ·lcl>Or for.cO c})r1nged_vcry considernlUyJ and vtith it tht! relationships in tho ho~c.J But' this is' b.t !lo means -a complBt(~d battlCJ. -Tile r~volt .of the. woman l7hich began dur.in~ tho war did not enrl vTith·thc e~ or' the vr.U". Quita tho c.ontrl'.l'"y, it has inte".sifiod. It is a riciily, an hourlY struggle in which the Ylor.:.an wants to t:-n'tablish ~ow rclations:vtith hCr. husbmY1) wi.f;.h ·tho children, wit.~ other rroi'len,-:J.nd othOr '(Uon. · · ·

i'"'ro!7! all this· tli~l r:..n;.cul parties -'''orO ;J.S isolrib'ld n s they .arr: ·rrom th~ r.:.:lSf.l movcmQnt 5.n gCneral. Dut. tho nel'f, imprint that tha Yromcn werP- .l'l~ildr.g in soci~ty as 11. vthole· could not lnaVo the parties unn 'ffcc·~Ud, end t'.ha struggle, burst out 'there whun the men hogan to roturn f.1~orn t!w ;·:.!U" nnd t'esurno their old posts, oven ao it

·did in bourr~·3ois society. But.i1.i w;~s so wrapped up in 1-iarxist jru"gon· that it w:~s taot -;.;l\'l:tyS; easy to S\!C th~t batvrcan the p~rty n.nd hour13coio sociuty tlwru wns no basic distinction on this vr:l' ':f hasic question. ' ·

T.., got a ccnccpt of tiM· :.wffillor battle 'in thOriJnrty 'it :t.s bm;t to ·soc it in soCinty·as .'l whole f'i.rat. Thll mass movement into tho f;1cto·· rias vTas ·lookod upon with suspicion by man in .,the .. SQr.le tTlnnner a s thH first movmnont of thn N"'groas into industry, bofore the CIO: would tho,Y Jl'in~ th<~ir workinJ! CQndi tllcms and standards dmm. Anc! just ns the No!Jr<>Os pro·teri to bo loyal,follC\1' >•rorke~s, so di~ thu wor.10n. Only tho women looked at t.hu r:1en with susp:Lclon too: will thos~ try tn· do:!l.\nnto 'th::!rn in tho fnct(try' as their hushnnds, fnthers, hrothc:rn do in the hon1e: Thoy ~ dOt~~mirod ,!d~~ !12

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' ~·Them the women :15 hu.;an beings provP.r1. to h:1vc a class ltJY"alty,

the r.tnn loosened up sufficiently in their rclattons to nato that in fa~t B<Jnothing nc:·t h<ld n.ppcarcd on thn h.l':\erican s•:cn~: not tho woncn in factories but nvcn white collar wnron, tclephono workers :ll'Vi such, to0k t? thu picket line and m;~ss wcrkcr nppro:!ch. Tt:l~ said of th(~ ~lfakcnin~; ·Jf these New str.::~.ta in the pofT'.tlation: nr didn•t knaw they hart it in t.hr.!!:l.r- ---

.. J'hey also d.idn 1 t. knO'\"r that the wanen workors would 11 h~,,.·e it in- t~-u~t-1.11 . to C•.l'!lc home and ;•tish t-J csta.hllzh nc:u relati.ons there, tpo._ · There· tho ncn stopped. The W')P.lall Yr<:~.s still expected to do all

· the hnusnv1ork ruld t.akc _care of the children, and stl.ly at h"me '."thile · ttin r.ien wont nut to pl:zy: po~Cr. The vr::>I:cn, h"JYrovc:r_, took thc:ir new:. rol~ in' grOUucti-m seriously; they ·gained a new dignity and a neYT concept, ·or what 7.hc-ir rule. .. tions ·to their fellovrmen and fcllO".f wor.i6r{:E;'houl:.;! bu an thc::::rcfuscd to submit t'l the sul)nrdin>1to r()le iw which they· h2.d br,on pl~qoil.ir. the hone llef·.1ro thoy got tht,ir ractoJW jobs. ·So l-rhero thny ~oulci.. not vtork ou' the nP.W relations they tonk to breaking up the h:Jr.tcs, cvon· whet c it rnonnt the vtoman ~·mulci become tho sole support als' nf her children •

. ,.:--:;. .':.:: . - . · ~Tho p~litici'!"s th~·lgl:t nll that """· needed to reestablish the

stability· of tbP. hor.lo vms to (:ivu the. ''~'':-:'!On a. f:YH p()sts in thn govCrnmi.mt , businoss .•. tho ariry, and point vtit-J:t pride. to the e~and­ing Amf.=ricnn ect)nomy anrl :-lll the gadgets f'Jl" t he kitChen t.J na· ke life ca.siar for ~~'l~he littln vroman.n ·

Not so the ~·t;.1wen.. They cat8g3:JricnlJ.i.· refused to rc~\ n. an appendage to t.h!! r!ion.. They 'l'risherl to have not only st!'xual but human relations l'tith them" They wera nut acilrching for a tot-al rcorganizr-:.tion of sociot.y. In thn.t so '!fl"Ch . sor.1a wcmen illso~ t-1 the rnd~ccil partic~GBc radio::U. pnrtie~ failed to recognize this rlelV. concrnto rcvt'lluti.m:~r;r fo" reo in society, but that force )'Ocognizcd the~ r~r it had. set up new stundar<Js by Vlhich to judge

. t~s so-r:il!Ori rcv:>lut:L-~~ movom~nt:J . ..

In that sji.t.12 pci-i'&t;~ at ·tho end of thr. vtt::r, a: fi.ght broke out in .tho WP o•tnr their r ~\±lure t·.) grt"JVt. They 1 'J"'lkod, n:>t to tho typo .or ·propng~ndlt ttloy had put :.ut which wns 1:ovorned by · their view that· tho Ju;lcric::tn masses .wore 11hnckward11 • No, they lookd·J only at the ~lo who had cnrried oot tho line and since these happcnocl tn IiiiVeh!."!1m tmman whn hurl replaced t-he mon in all posts Vlhero needed it wus "f!:linst them that tho fi~ht had started.

Fl')r the firat time nur tendency, 7thich hod nevor Paid any attention to st.ruge;lo::; bc:trr.:~on rmmhnrs f.-,r pnsts, b~gnn to poy attuntiiln t'J this nne. }l'or i:t. was clllar that. tr.is wns n~t an indivirluo.l quo~tion but horn a. ~ prtJblem wc.s invnlvacl.

_"ifn camfJ t:-) the rtcfcns'; ·.>f- the W'lr.cn \'tho had occupiorl th13 pr::ot vf' city uraani~(.zr which "~t:"'.S ntJVr buing contested. ·'~'/hat is this b·JUrgonis .nonsense of tho mun rotur:dng to thuir P'Jsts "" if the wnmen.'wh,, -}1;1<\ d•>no.nl.l tho w . .,rk rlurina t h ·o vror yoars \'tol'n nnt e;cnuine po1litical lo~~c!ora, but just aubstitut.:ts?' But this now olorn«nt """ buriocl· in tho .!.!1!\ Jnlitici>J. torms: it is your political line,

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n ~t the pcrs'>n CXI.!CUting: it, which had brrmgh' t ah·mt this mess, has stuJ.tifi~d the p.'lrty 1 s grovrth.

OUr cvm use of •110 p'lli tical torms instoacl of sec:ing t.he entirlt­ly new cler.wnt - that th ·e w·>man '}Uestion in and !Jf i tscU Vfas pl.wing a ncv1 role, not tllonc outside but insidA tho organization -left us unaware <)f the significance that women, in increasing nui:lhes, were Wf>rkers and Nt:!gr·){::S than that they were W'lMn. One \11r.m··n in particulor had a spaciul. problem since she had a 12 yoo.r ~lc! child nnr.l no husb.:mc!. But vrc paid no special att.ontion t:1 tM.s pr!lblcr- as if, to thP. extent that it was n•lt jus~, n personal but a SrJci:li. pr.-,blem, it was in any case uns'>lVable under capitalisn. ~ !;. the r.t mstr.Jus. trap that ~nits all who rlo n'>t ~Mthe ~ ~ ~ Sl.tllatior1, ~ !!,2. ?ursC!Ves atrii'lstTel.nn~ It;

What p-revented us fr->m s·1 ctning in this case was nat O~lr lcndership, but ?UI' ranks, anrl especially the w(xncn. First one thing '»'Tas clc<:lr. Thcri' "';7a5 n new ~ of rosE?nsQ to certain

. histDric incidents which w·:mldst'rcss ntJi,~ ai'firiltY of the struggle .1f Ncgrncs ·m~d W·1I:len in Amcric-:1. 11 Tho new· rrembe.rs in our tend-ency. would listen, for cxalnplo;, to thr: 'the \'f::r.ttm·• s hights l:ovomcnt ancl. the A}joli t.i·mists,. J}ruglass vms the (}nly one, ·even amn ·ng wns

·:willing to chair t.he VT:lt:lan•s meeting, that occurr~;d nnt in the ' 30 t s nf the ..-::-•-~"'

· ·tli':i'E' l.n 1llO foE'ilnraJiOthcr reh WCFP.' ~~@§'!:! · ?fB.l.ly, at"'the benCJi .and l.£ .:t.£ ...£!!!£.:_ . -

· The historic. qu~,stions assumed that contemporary colorat:~ron bc­causn or. the thgcncy of their F_esont re.vt>lt. \1bat wns pushing itsdlt ·>"'ut\·rnrd \'1.1.5· e ·1.n€'ensi~y and ~ty n£ tho :1ppr'lach. By con­tinuing her revolt daily a.t her h-mtc tho .women wore giving a ml; dimension t.1J politics. She Was bypnissing '!;.ho· spccinlizcd org<miant:b:ons of liOtiCn a.ncl l.1nki.ng fur ~ n"w, a totoJ. _.wny_ out·. This our own l/fXT!cm Ttere sonsing by their nsSnciat~nn with· t.hcir ShopmatcD and th~ prnlct:c:trian h:>usmri:vos in their. nriigh~or~o~~s·. .. ~ ·.

It iS frort these nell social types an?ng t.h· ~e tlc'\Bses outsirle thit.t f,ur "V1:>mcn Yrero g-Jtting nevt ·impulses. They wore finrling their best .

-.friends, moreover; not .lr.long the so-called r:cvnbuti-onarios on the inside, but amongst their shopmatns on th 'n 'outside. If this had · brought them into conflict with the petty-bourgMis W·:mrcn in the VIP, ·it raa'ched even a greater illtonsi ty when th' 'oy. began ta.l.king to the women in the sr/P, which our tendency rajoinecl in 1947, when it l~okcl:!

. ''" if .. they l'mrc at lcust retaining thoir revolutionary perspective ·> .. ,n tlio Amorican soane. ile will cloal with t>'·he 5\'IP in cletail lntor; here wo wish to .limit oursnlvcs, to tho climax which tho f/om"n ~estion reached in our life in the S\'IP.

Our rank ann file woman 'first cnmo .into conflict Vlith tho wo-. 1nci1 in· the S~'IP hoc:tuse :~.,mu or.c\\piert·tho same. _sub·Jrdinato position the women : ' .. . .. ,\in in b?urgeois sncioty: they. W•"lrkcd tn s!1pport ·their r.~en whn woro llle3rlors"- in the party. Thoy wcrtt or'(U.'llly· "hostile, h•Avovcr, te"J tho woman laa1ers of the p<lrty who looked to thorn lik11 the c.l!'our WotJ.en in t.ho bf')urgoois world. These Warun 1t:tho now social typos thoy woro mooting nn tho outside who

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w;1·> ::!.r~·1 cd a ncr; r1inension t·> tho k.1cric:m chR.l":tctor by th.dr present rcv)lt. N:>t u.t all. Thcv were \V'")r.len with.::. B:--.::..ssi·m 11 t..1 l~~cl ?thcr w··:ncn. 'I'ht.:: ~truggl~ 1'T:lS one ::.f thoJ r<mk en:~ file :J.g~:in:;t tht:: lc:uitn•s, •anlc :1ml fm:l.'llc.

The first ir1cid•:nt cane ab~Jut ns f·1llnws. OUr rn..'lkB n.h,..! bl!cn talking t0 their :o:.h''PJJiltcs an:J. t<l the nci~hb:>rh~'·'~l l':·'ir:l·.;n a n.·: fr:l::~ then t.hcy bcg.:m t·, ge:t t;Ucs >f revPlt, c!oscrihJll: r~ther br.-,a.rUy a b.1vc but. vor y vivi.c!ly ,'.l.l'Yi c mcrt~t~::ly by th.1sc v: ;r.m: fr l::J ·

the rrutsir!e. One young rr0r.1an ·)f ntr tonlcncy stu.tcd thilt t he t·r·.r:IOJ' !JUc.:sti.m 71 .. ~5 n•Jt s·mcthing r::crnly hiztoric, nn:l she r~Jr· m:e was n~t interested in tho ~!cvcl~>~cnt 'Jf matriarch:.!l snd.c:tics, but. ins"'....-~3:.1 l:-:.ul·.! like vcr:r much t-1 t~k abJ'ut th·~ ii•Jr;mn •.Jf t :-·.lc!y, h•:r r<~v.>lt !.hat i·s ··Lill g:•ing on. ·

i'n1cn shu \'1:15 pr~IT.littc•! t.-, present her little talk, th<J raalc int~J.lectuols listcncci, amused, vthi.lc th(1ir outst;m(in~ wrr..K'.n iA:l!icf str.tc(l th.:l.t the .>nl:f· rm:U. snlut.itin ~·ta.s fnr wor:mn n~t. t:J 'o-.! w~m.nn.. This W!S the ··N:ry ll'lM.an·wh:J, in elect.i >ncoi'ing, VMre tigltt skirts; ·VIith• a slit ·.1n the .sirlo, nn:l advised .-,ur V/'}r.!Un c·1mrarlo vth·1 Wi!S _hl;;r juni•.>r in. car::paigning: 11 Y JU 1

W.! gnt t'.> use seA. 11

·The nunnishness of these s:JP lMmcn, •>r. the one han!.J, mlC! tiliir t:lawkishnoss,. •m tho 'ther hand,. w:ts t.,., much n!'lt !.>nly f.Jr the \'T1men in ')IJr · tondoncy, but the r~~ and filil wnmen in the SDP =U.so bt::gan ~ •. , rebel •. It i'lilS irnp.,ssiblc, they .s.U.r!.) to bring .:lr~Ymrl pr•>lc:tc:u-itm \'f . .xnCn :md have their lcadcr:i ilpperu" D:S :i. nything ~Ut ''eXctJpti .. mal w:Jmen." There vrns no-:1herc n C:ln.Cept of t: he ry.Jcstinn bning a S?c:tal question. 'fhcse fT'):non lun.dri-rs n;h~ merely rt~duccd the vthole !i~ to fit~hting for p?siti,n=> i:1 the pro· ty itself and i!.Ccusing all a.nrl

· S'l:lrldry wh·l opp-'1sr..d th~m of 11 nnlc ch~tU:vini~· 1:1.11

Soma .6£ the battles with -!::he S'.lP .women roachorl.lurlicr·'us proporti~.1ns. Ono vroman lcndtlr said: 111:(cm and W·JltlOn ar0. l'I·"Jrc alik£• than opp·)sitP.. 11 OUr l"'ank aud file woocn stid, "Uo l'!~1n'1or, when

. you cil.I'ry ~t tho line anrl hc<lt dqvrn all opposition, Y'JU hcwo s~")tle f)r· t.ho .elements of a st.•.>m tro·1por.

Thcso e:mal1cipatcd vror.ton of t ·he S7IP hdd. ·no uso \'.'h!ltcv:Jr fnr thn houscrri!'c. \'Then they nent to sec any in tho rugular course: of c~mtncting tb•'.!ir husbands, tht:: p•"Jli tenoss of thr-dr t·.Jnc ha1l oll thiJ rasping qu.~lity 0f Stlmo·Dno cutting in :m n .party line ;mrl saying, 1".Pli:!o'l&c , vronl t Y•.>U gut oi'f?U You cvul(l actun.lly h•.:.lr the p.1litono.ss 1.£ was so full of contr~1.pt. And they tJado much t·>"')""F.iUch of ·sex. The result waz that they cana up wit.h 1l.ht!SO types r,£ inanities, 11fr,>stitutcs ha.vu _tJ.1 much ~ex; go·lrl \'IQ!":lcn n?t (mo.lgh .. 11 This pnssLv! as a ns.:~cill: 1 cu:-tcp'ht r,f th~ r:':ln.3n \luosti'Jn. It 17lJS nn a pLlr with t.hoir ntti tu,la t..:> rJo grf) ::ton wh~, c.:u:trJ t'l pJrt,y dni1Cil5. TI-u:so u~mun cithc:r didn 1t rlanco with th~r.t :>r put •1n n shrJrt,. It tliffuron very little fr >r., fJUtri.ght' b•lurgc,>is attitu,to '>f nluring mcn11 - t11 g:ct r.1cn inttJrt:-ato.! sui'ficiontly tc> c:)r:lO t'l the next d.:mco1 nr t:; go 1ut, nne! help Sc!ll Uilit.1.nts, but nevor t' cstnblish a hu.':'l.m

.t"•3l·:1"~ irm!;hip: It \',.," ~"~n~:r nnt.ur~l that wh~::. white w•~EC:i-ri.'1r! !!.1r,r~ mun iU'l..,ll£! tho r<U'ak :1mi file ~ot t-:.>jjoth~Jr na:turaJJ.~v, thnt t.hc: lcarlor­ship alwnys fQund fnn(w rousrms why these shnuld. hro.,1lc up.. It o;v,'lsn't ..>n1y tho Hcg:rnbs whn w ... llrod •mt. It vtns tho r:mk :.mrt tile !~ !_?~ ..

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One y.,ung W-:'lman in nur tendency c.·mtinuc•l t'l rlovcl·op her entirely nevr appr·:tach t·, the questinn in whiCh the ·~rriyina.l (uali tics of tho new \"(:),.'1\an .:lrisinr, out of tho break-up of the 0 a pat c;-n of 11ru:um-rn::m rcl•1ti 1ns which sh::merl not olonc a rebellion ag.:~.inst household drudgery and isolati':>n but the f:ltrong now ties f·'lt'll'led with nther -.v,Mn, tho new S·)Cioty present in our rnirtst, But it v:as i;upos­~iblc t·1 "Jrin;; those t·J fruiti·m within thn C"''tl!'inos of tne S~:rp. Evnrything w~s lNring to a brc:Jk with the ~let •>rgani.,.ati.Jns. We \rlll set! the new rtppeur when wo c'Jm: in the next scssi~n t·> deal vlith tho life of our party.

There is !l chUy vit>lcnce in tho Americ:m high scho:>l ·which is difficult t~> sec from the autsirle. A. vaat c~nspir.?.Cy nf silence is maintainc~ ab·1ut. The yauth fight, day in and do.y ·:»ut, t!J run their :mn lives inside the sch.lol. Te~chars, pris·m TI>Utj.nos, s'lcial. workers, c·)urts of l.t!it' am the police, all W'Jrk clos-ely togHther to llrliscipline11 these yOuth and teach them W 11 behave11 •

In April 194D, this stru~glc expl,.,rle.I into the great Student Strike in Nevr York City. Forty th,>nnanrl high school youth left their sch•>ols and marche~ through. the city to City Hall!. !Jmmtcd · p.-,licc vtcr~ thrnvm 3f'~a.inst them. For eight h!l\lrs the police tria~ tn break thom up ann cnuldn 1t. The youth f'>llght tho po:bice, sang s~ngs, cxpl~de fire-crackers tn frighten the horses, shouter. sl:)g:nns like 11No Spr,rts, N,., Sch•Joll" and u tltJeS your father w1r~? No, he Is a copln They climber\ trilas am p.,lcs, turncri over cars r.iarked "City-Officiru..n, and sh(}utetl their r~cfiance at the swoa1iing police. They m~de fools <>Ut of the whole city ar'.ministrati•m -p·,lice~ JAayo;~· sch?ol administratirm an!! sf'lc;lal workers.;.

gat ·th·ose kicls .q£f the streets! 'l1\o p~pora tr:iecl .to.tell peo-ple that

. . =-.ntf!l>Eir wa~es for toachors. But if naked any .Ji·")Ut~ why' he was QUt, he w~ruld, anmror 11 To gl:!t :>ut

.,:r school." a s rlke vias a cottploto .rojecti?n ~ t!te scho:Jl. It expressed tho:· hatra•.l thn kids had i".,r the teachers wno t::"iod to ~. boss them .. ar.,und, al:.l day. Tho teachers, ·in wh?So cause the strike supposoc\ly l'/3.5 holrl, were against.thc ·~trike. Evor,y. pl)litician, avery 1'friemt .of the Y~')Uth11 .was scared Atiff. ,,! ;i.t. ·· Deeause n:> ono had cillorl tho. strike) n.o uno was leading it,. 1m one 11 rosp•msibl:.c 11

vras at its head. ·The· y'luth themselves, their cli·quas, sports groups, clubs; by.thOI:lsolvos, had pln1mod, nrganizc1 anr\ lee! the wh,le business. ·Tho profossinnal L:arxist.;,~ h:lcl mthing but ,eontal'lpt

· for tho striko and the y"uth participating. in h, . ancl .triac! t<> say ; it :wus held fl')r teacher1s wagr:s. And thoy 'N•mr!er. wey their p.lrtics arc isohtcd and storilol ·

The. SClf-diSCiplino and C•l>porati..iii nf the Strike', tho C•11:\plet e f'roartom !rom teachers -an:l ~1 stu1ent govcrntnantsn, a.nr! nbovo all the ·, "hnli~""Y .spirit" ·or the y<>uth in tho strike are :m indicntinn or what these youth vtant the t·o ho like zy"l"Y' .<lgy:. Evnty c!ay, insi,to the sch•'))ls, c:mtinual . e~•"""Ctinn~o thn way

, the sch·, >ls aro run. They cut onntinu~usly, c1entroy sch,ol property, and· vrn.:-;o s::1.Ul-scnle. riots -in the -lunch·~ro .,ms •. The teuchr.r kn!>Y/B !be must maintain tho hurshost c!isciplino insi<lo tho clnssroom - prohib:lit all whispering, bruuk up cliques of friends, allOT( only one person

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t-, leave the r·l"m at a tiMn, - ·;r the vth 1lc claf;srr..r·iH ttill explode ri:~ht in her r a:: c.

This is the American hiJh sch:l~•l t·.M~ay. ;-t}Jr:n tho w~rking-cln.ss l'l'Wcs"t:7)r~astr..,..r bureaucracy in the vrh Jle nuti ·m, tlm y.)uth v1ill

Until that time, thoJ vlill C·Jnt-inue t'l thair :mn sch ·y1l, and vMrk mt ~ll'1:m~

thc17!sclvP-S what thP.,V want the sch·,1ls tJ hD like ..

It h:l.S been nnticul_ that A!~cricr.m ~.,.,ir~r1l<:!-cl;).Ss Y·">Uth tn~ay as-a wh·>lc ask for little, oxpcct little, f~'"l as thP.Y arc c'>n?Ollcr! t'> r, . ..,, rm•.~ s11nk a little sp:1t fflr themselves in the burc:~ucracy 3lr.J.CWhm·e. Aflon3 then the ..,1~! Ar.:erican vi;pr an~ r")pti.tlism SP.nm

r~c~.. They sceTJ t1 tnk~ little interest in p·Jlitics., _ They my :>ponly th.lt p"Jliticians are --mly a ~nch ,,f corrupt gangstQrs_. Tlu1y arc det:pl r stirr:J by th~; Ik:grv rtucsti•m, that. is knc:vm1 The int~r-racial nature -Jf the Stalinist youth 1_;r1up, Young Prr>gros:>ives 1f Am~ii.ca, attract-od r.l~ •'lf these y·JUth to it before the 1948 elections. lbre ir.~p'1rtnnt than the politics 1>.f ';'fallac::e \'t<lS the fact. _that th~ nr3aniznti:?n h3ll ne~~)CS irt it. These r.titlrfle-cltlSS Y'lllth ;u-n n">t pr·J-lulJnr in thn ()rllinary p1litic·'ll _sensa, but. socially they art) n·1t C'lt1sci.,us 1f :m.y ~re.at rti.virlisi(Jn botwr:on thocselvcs a~ labor. In tha Uni.te1 Stntes, the cl~ss . struggle in prqr!uction is as sh .. i'p ria it can ba, but in . st~cinJ. practices am! beiravior there is lll:>t tl:lat gap between tho clnsstJS that r~Y.ists in many .c-,untrics in Europe. That r.IOilOS a 1->t. For -tha passivity of tho Junciican mj.ddla-class y1tith:~ ·iS a r!l'>St unnatural _thing. They MO npassivc 11 bocause t they trust _nobody. They dJ n."lt "iisl:l tP bo r1isa.p~)6intecl once m·Jro.

·They do not kn•.)l'l where to.l~)ok;.. They rl'> n-..,t h::1ve that ~liscipliue, training anct that'· sense of C·J >perativc-lifo which inr'Justry by its ·r Vory _s~ructurc: ifl.p·Jsas up.,n thq w:Jrkors :mr1. thus foreos them f?rwar!1 • But if the V/t)rkcrs sh'.>ulf.. ·at Ally time sc:ok ta raali~o in lifo a n~vr S-"JCiety, the tilidrllc.:.class youth'"'.:the r.lillions lvill IP_ with~- theM anrl rlrag nloncr .fl lar.;P- ericti••n ~1r' "the r:rl.~ldl.e-clnssos as a w'h:.lc. · They t )~ arc SHot_hin~ With h1>stili t:r aea:i.nst the: s:rstnm. The sr:t:!.ll prf'lfossi•Jna.l r.tru), t.he typist) th·-: cloric~~.l wr>rkor, the salesman or vtoman iri the (!np3.rtmont store, Me ns sick ~r capitaJ.i!:J!~, its inflnti .. m, it.s swPatsh?p spee1l-up, its C:'lrruption, its wars, they are as sick ')f it as llVEJryb..,~ly oJ.sc,. P.l:~t boc;.!.usc· thora is no· grout Lab~>r Purty .. in tho Unitod Stntos, they cl.o n'>tJ. knmt where tt) go •

.'.or the tine -boinr: on the surf nco they thi~ in toma of cnpit.:Uist:'l .• TheSe pr)oplo as ;~ cl:1ss r.:nn~nt lon-.1 nnything. nut thay arc ready f1J1r ?rz~~c change. ,

To :ill thi:_J tho sm' W:J.S ns b:hind .:15 a bnt. It TmS just then thnt thoy. proclnimm~ 'l'it{J as thrJ •.mly h:1pe of hurn.::mity, :J.mt tho groAt­est cvunt that has occurrm~ sin co the ltussio. :- Rav:>luti-'in -- nn loss t At tho Sl!II\Q time -~1n · thi.t. Aut: ric~ scene they o.bandonod MY pGrspoctims £1)r the JJilericim rovl)lU \i.m.. Tho drive against the Stalinis1:.s in~·

·tho unions. by. the buurGC 1isio an1. tho lahf)r bureaucracy they ·intarprctml ns a rotrtlv,russion on tht.'"s pr.rt .. ,r tho Amoricrut Yt;-,rkiug ~\ cl:tsscs. At their 1950 ~~mv,mtian th•l lc<:!.rlcr wont so fnr as tn s;\y thnt th<J American Harking clr.ss aB:!. whole _h!ld boon cnrruptod, ns hacl tho q.ristocro.cy <11' lubr)r in Brit3in durinl~ tho hoyllny' of imporinlism:--Tl'le dor.t"Jralizntirm of the p!'.rty Cur.lO to a elir.l.xc whun its '1\'ffi cnucusos in tho uni:111 suffered disintogrntion. It Vt'lS then

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th!:::Y turncrl t"l thl'l y.,uth. They turner1 t.? it nnt hnc::ausc t.hr.:j" :!f<tl't

ull thtl rcv . .,luti:mnry sentiments scethint~ in the y:Juth o'lS n. wh 'l~J an~l rcflcctcrl in their · ··nm y·,uth membership. Nt), th~y turne~l tn the y:mth, an~l rti th·rut shnrm, therr. WO!.S no arena f,>r thcr.1 in the tr:\•!e uni··m wns t'> suhnr-r1inatc the Y1Uth 'C""lnplctcly t') the 11party

Tha c;mcrotn expression .,f tho Party line at thip tine: Ca.r:\C

in its attitude t? the YPJ.. as a:mnss r.nvencnt. Our tenr!ency 5::).'17 it as :J. nw;;ncnt 1f y 'uth, c,mfusor! clisnricntet!, .non-p·,litical but seckin~ n t:1e:ms t·l express their hns~ility to cApitalism anct the -:mr. Thu · ·sriP r!id nnt un·!crstruy\ thiD in its ovm theory an.-! practice. !-Im." c..,ul<~. it 1~ivc c!irecti·1l'l t.-. the y11uth? hll thn.t it snr1 rm.s o. strug::le f::>r c•mtr·Jl1 a.'_rcpC'titirm ·of its h-"lpolcss attCillpt t, yfin prnplo in tho Unitc'l STates by nemtS ni' TitoisM, an-:1 M ex­p.Jsurc ...,r Stnlitl-isn -:wcr civ.i.l ri~f1ts •. The Tlh:lla t.,.;intt turnerl 'lUt m

. ho' a tl)tnl failure. · \:

Tho t-r<lnsf:->m.lti ..,n of thl} y!1lltH. int'l a party branch was an att.enpt to keep the youth ·subordinate by party·rliscipline, The ummrk~blc rcsul t u:1S t~ throw tho yiluth intt) a blind c~mflict wi tb-·~ thn p:trty, a. C~nflict ' in Which, aB YI'J. th the lleP,I'•.)CS and the VIOr.!Cn, it w:1.s iGp:Jssibln t(') cliscntanJle the political issuns . without rnisint~ the:-.· Most fumlcunental ~~cations_ ~f tho l:iic of ·tho party.

Tho most serious thing of all vtas. that tho youth coulr! not expross its ~m :Jriginal. qualities. To cite junt ono exmnple. Ona )muth vu•.s qui.ck .to .sol. ·e upon tho 19.50 strike to rnclto a c mprohensive stu~.y of the youth movements ll?th here and ahrond' in tho 120G 'in Frnnco, in the '30s in Gc,rnaey· and in tho '40s in the Unitecl St:1too. Dut this ·.otudy could be dcveloperl .anrl c~ncrctized only in practice and. tltcy wore in tho stran;:J,ehold or the <'pt~rty policy ru>d party lir". Thoy wero·•· ,about .to wnlk out of tho party on their own whon they savr our tendency anrl joiner\ f'nrcos with us. ~7e will cmc b~ck ·to tho y.'1\lth whon "" deal again with their achiov6!lenta a1tl their prosc;mt crisis.. ·

C - Orr:""i"ation Foll·?tts Politics: The Leader and The Line .·- ·.--·--.-------· In the coso or both Trotskyist parties in the; Unit-ad States we

left n dcscripti:m of tho· .. leaner of oach t~J. tho very. end. '!his is not bect:.Use the 11linc11 rather t.han the lOader tcltes prcco~cnce. Thero is n-:> such Unbridgeable:!'~ gu.lf bo.twoon th~ line anrl the leader us nlrl p~litics W''JUld hn~ro yt>u beliovo. E.:..oh is shaped by the l)'the:c rlhe.n all is sai<l 2nd clone a p•>liticnl lina docs not h:lllg in mir!-air like a clothes line. It is n<>t without. bor!il,y she.po. \/ithout sor.te,

. people ta put forv•ard a line, thoro woulcl be no line. Ultimatel;r n p•>liticul l>ine expresses itself in tho Vdry personalities or those shaped by it. It is no acr.idont th"t one cannot sepnratla Nor.isrn rr'"' Hitlor or Stt:linisnfrc>m Stalin or God £nr that matter fron the s:rl.nts.

I J llllloS P. C:lllnon mY.! llor~in Aborn

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Ja.":''es P .. C.:mn.-m is kn:wm in the ltarxist r.nvmaont not': f"'r his t.ho·lreticc.l talents, but f0r his •Jr~aniznt.i•m:U astuteness. :·~t~ soy this n.1t rler 1;Iatively, but :1~ly becuueo his strenGth lay prt~cisely in th9 builrtinf~ of. i! radical party anr! hence in the stru~glc with tht! clii'J,Uist, Mnrtin Abern. Cannon's finest c~mtri­huti:m ·t,> !l."U"xisn is his Buildin~ thu Proletarian Party which c·mtilins his v1ritings durrng .. tho strug~le w1th tho ShnchtJ:'IaJri.t~s kr1ovm as the Petty . Brmrar:pis -Opp.-,sition. One ,,f tho best chnpters in thnt b:J'>k is his anal:y':3is nf Ahern. Thl! traits of that or;'!ani­z·ati-·mal r.isoasn .:ll"FH-cliquisn, unprinciplerl cor.~.binatii:">nimn 1 ~nasip anrl int.rii!Ue. · ·

There is n.., t4?ubt whatever thct thJ &:IP t•.Jok .!l roal step f·nwarr! af't11r the Petty Bnurgeois Oppositirm left it. Business wn.s c!c<J.lt\=iith at business r:tentines, no:Jt in cnffeo elate bus. Pr,>lct.arianizati 1n an•1 the building of thu party vtcre b~Jund to -~ct.hor as ·me. A new leadership was rtevel"'per1 around a line anct n·)t in supcrcili<nl8 fights -:>vcr ahstract cle!l'locracic rights -- ri~ht; t-1 iliscuss intcrr.tinahly .:~.ml ~n a level fitted. .to· patty-b:1uree·Ji.::i intellectuals aD:l .-n.Jt l'T?rkers. II. lear!nrship l'ras built up that kneVr ho~r to take c~r.tnanr:i when t;he pr~ leadership went t~ jail for t~eir ruiti.-lyar ·views. 1.. rev • .,luti·,nary perspc_cti ve _ w:w arlherr:·l try anll this· culJ,linat<Hl in 1947 .in Canr~on• s THE CO!.II!IG A1!EI<ICAI1

. hEVOLUTI911, tho very thesis that attr!'CtcC. us b~ck to the 57/P. · ._M,Jre'>ver·, when h~s -lear~ership rtirt ·wobble,· ~-=· tt riifl when i't

ne.irly oobrabt:r! .the 1'f~lacf'l rnoyemont, the--·ltH:l.dcr knew hrn'T to hrin;?; t-hem 'bee~, t1l tho ~laS~ line ..

'.Y&t:.in a feVt yenrs this asrim~; r.tari wcs distinguishori :hot hy: his fit:rnness, but by his flnhbincss; "n~t by principle~ politics but

.hY cliq~iet ·c.,nsirlernti 1ns, not Dy chrrect·lnternal relatit;ns vti th opp•1hcnt tendencies bu-t;: by gOssip ,.an~ intt"iguo. i7hat happonorl? Nothin";{pcychQlngic<ll;' you r.aay be·. sure. Nor was it ~ question ~f

• n~a. Physique :an1 psycholozy •crumbled b~c·ause politically tho ru•!Llor· w~s · rrorl~- Wnr II ha1· tho "incip1cnt .rcvolu-

'ti ,~:::.~·.~~~i~r~~~:!~~:~~~:i~'!j:~~~~~~~'voro crushart. oy ·the· Li -ht1ne of tho CPa ·

in U•SG.Il" tho

n.>tioMlizorl jJropG:rty ;rat hurior of a'1't~ att.m:tpts at w?rkors states. The loarlership .or the B'ilP that vtas most unstable becnme ~csporatc an:! veerp:l vi 'Jlent..J.y fr,.,m ?ne side tn .its opp•'lsito -- Eastt!rn Europe Vr.:lS State c-ttp;.tal.ist; Eastern Eur,.,pc rms vrnrker 1s statist.; Tito was the hangman ,.;f the 8paniRh rcv'lluti·Jnj Tito- was the t~entost revolutionary opponent nf St~in; Yugoslavia was state capi-talist; ·Yug'lslavi:l was the first. l'l0rkcr I a state sinco tho husainn Revnlution .. or 1917; thoro can be n:) vtorkcrs state without a f!orkcr 1 s ,I'e'V"?lUti·1n; work~Jr.'3 states cnn be achit!vcti · through "structural assimU:ttion 11 ; t.he Chinese Chr.n'!unist Part.y· ~is n h ,urr,ooi:s party; · thr: Chiriasc Com1'1Unist Pnrty is n truo rev?lution:uy party :inc! we r.rust enter its ranks; the C~;,.iiUni3t .Parties have botroytd. tho reVoluti.on and now.pnrtios must. he huilt; tho C0r.1munist Parties ct1n bo 11 ohnnr,crl under pressure frnm tho mnssos 11

; tho hrnoli.can t•tnrking clnss is paving tho way r\.,r

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rov<1luti.nn; the Anarico:.n ·.:v/nrking .clilSS is b""~Ul'~coisifier., backward, and are pnrt r.f tho rcl!cti•mary sweep •)f th<J c·nmtry.

;Jhn.t C1nllA C.·mr~/ll1, £he po.rty Ji1<Ul, hnl1 1 Up against thrJSe Vfilr~ ch:lllr,es ~r ~!cspcr:~tc nc.n vrhen he h:d n·J p:Uitic~ line in nppr,siti:>n t[l Trntskyisr.a t:"l ,;ivc? 11hat t.hc rest .-,f h~o l~arlorsh1p •ljf fr.,rn p.,litical instnhility he finS C'>r.tp.cllcrl t'l ,1., frrm1 p·llitic.:l nac~ssity. He sacrificcrl principlo f">r thP. S.lkP. .,i' the ryrgnniz.'ltinn. ~bcre !.bi!rn dir1

. it t~ kec:p his faotinn t.,gcthcr, Cannon r!irl it t:1 keep his party t•J;~cthcr. The n~ fr')r it is t,he sw:tc: it is cli.quisr.~.

J.nr~. a.s if· -~o. Yrcrc lle,dn;r~st<!?,a-dirontm1 b.7 Ahern, he rlrifte~l . fro)m that t.r' ~?ssip an:.l intrr~e !nr he l'ic1.S cn~olctely ir.l[Jotcnt ... t•). fi,tl;ht ·U:~ ... pplitic:!].ly: CliY.l hP.r.l t:-~ ~csort to the fact that it ''I<".Sn't · -ro:~lY-·.D;.:qll!lS~i ')n nf p?li.t~c'Siiut of 1-1personali.ti-cs11 • ~b, ho::!

· f~)lght .. t)\e .. SP,,.OJ'l<!, >f·l~,.f9un.<ler ~f CP .ror principles,, .He £·>u0;ht tho . ; ':lnm:-gp~iff~.e:.~:mcl •:rp.nt( ·:to Jail .f~, his · anti-vt~r :Yrievts. ·. t~e VlllS a.

. · s•~ri.r.n~s ... r:.p:volu:ti·marY .so 1~:{ ~ )1c .harl a ser:l·.lUS: p~li tical line. · .;l:t: .rras. 'J~ . .'f.,.whcn ha l'{avcrecl.fJCtlt~rm Stalinism an:l Tr.-:>tikyism. th<:~.t his • ,11porsf'ln:Uity11 sur:drml.y cha.n;{erl at;~.r~, th.,ugh he C•L"nG. YT"lth Trotskyism,

nevpr_ stopped fiehtin!{ its :.t 1re~P.;!.o 1! .• ":Fe rlir!n'.t fiRht. Cann:->n1 s ~ 11 reg:i.n;l~ 11

•. We fnu~tht his. p~.,llitics~ ;mel his •'lreanization.'1:1· practices t? correspiJnrl. /' .. nm•t chapter in .t~o· .·l.Juil•!inii nf · the .Proletarian Party will hnve tn he vtri.ttnn hy ·others than its auth~.,r. 'l'hc pr·.'lota;h.ians

• haVe ·1?~ ·S:itlcO .. voted.-V{ith .1;.0~ir f£;1ht on-~ party:. •

. '" . I:r i.!~ sh.~ch~an. ~~ ~ . .;;,;.,s llii~r.ham .· ·· ... ' . _ .. :·: . : ·,· ,,' ... ··. ::· . '; .. •· .·:

· .... Def()Ti) 119 rla,<_,l· w~tl~ ,J,ku .5h~htman 'JIC .must ~eill.. witt; .J;m_~cs . Du.r:nharn .VIhl). WM!,the. theq~ot:l:cal..:l~;;t'Jer .l').f !the spli.t. ... ~r:":'m .th_o S":'rP ·· althnueh h.o: vor;y";Sli.o~tly .. laft· tJ'!S ., porty:.he h.arl oroat.,.l in ,its i~a_gc,.,~ha. wr: •. '. Jam~;.· ~!nh~. "VI:l.S :a Pz:"OfmJsor of. ·• oph~losf'Jph,y , we-ll~to-clo,. ~t:'is;t,cr."\t~c i.n hoarint::, ··.and RCrs:mally ,un~fcctorl ty tho grH.:tt:rlepre:ss-t:m. :But hi.a. mind _w.3S',y_cry alert· . .nnr! tho

.. ·-.dehri;; ~r)unt!"':him pr~ght:. •Jn _by. the. 1929. ciP'ash ·Sf.lnt him searching .~ for ·:t.ht;t. workinf:· r.tns:.n~s. He found -it in ·n ·.nalr ·,;r:mping called the CPUL y.-hich tri~rl not .. t.o assqcinte vrit.h ·ruv p;,li tic ell rn:>.voment ~cl . yet h.o part .,f tho r:1ass rn.,vcmf:nt. . nob·rccn tho Stalinists an·l t.h~ Tr.?tskyiotn.s conccntratim; r>n .that singlP.. intlr:ponrhmt' movumcnt, thl~ CriJ~ J'II'"IVCil, in the main, to .·Tr.1>tskyism,L With a ~'l'lt 1 mCllzy" of tho lqw!orship however g::.ing in.~t~t;J.f~ to St~nisr.u the iludcnzns, John­s·ms whn novn'l int·J -the ~·ily .~7orkor 1£fice6 a.'ld bngan "lc.:l!lin~n thn workors. But Durnhlllil come ·t.>·TrotsJ:yism.

Not -'>nly clid .h"o ohrJSO thf'l smo.J.l splinter p.:~.:oty, hut he t,,•)k that snr;inusly. For· ·me thing ho tried sori·msly t., J.rnoricanizc lltltrxisirn •. ·HP. cnnccrnorl hirn..c;clf -with tho qurrqnt scona, an•! .wrote b'"lt.h .,n tho Hnw Deal nn:! the JJnnricnn w,.,rl::nr. ·

: .. Intolloctual thouBh he vras it is tho ti1·•~1J' nf Marxism that ho

rojnc.t~rl .. irt ita m-.st funrlur.umtal. aspoct -- its philosnphy. Whert• ·Marx··rcconstruntatl the Hngolian phios.,phy' +.,rt·shrAvec! the clnss n.1~Uro of its funrlnrnont.al principlo 'If ~ovol11umnnt thrt"lU~ Co)ntrarlicti"m, nurnham c ">nsit!crod clilllcct:.ic~l. PtailtS(lPhY. {j, "rnysticetl 1. left t>vcf111 fr,,m Unrx's stt·ulont Cr'lncc~rn with. OotmM ph~s:lphy.

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'~'hero Unrx c 1nsi~cr~rl truly scientific thn qusti 'n 'lf the int':.!r­pcmctr.:!ti·m :1f ~pp"lsitcs boc<J.usc n•mo is s, fun~ar.~cnt~l ~~ tho -:-rorkin~ clnsa nnr! the C'!tJi talist clru;s within the s.1r.1e c ""~ntcmptlrru"y S'1cicty, Durnhro1 just Cr_Ju3!r1n1t st?r.ulch it. Hn kept hittinf! at tht:! fact tho.t tho fhrkcrs 11t~n 11 c"llllrtn•t un~crstanr! it. He fnr3nt hut ..,no .-,vcrwhclmin:! fact - tho llnrkor, whether he 11 unr~orst<1.11r~sn the phil;)S'Jphy or n.,t nets it oUt bcenusc his v;:;ry r~lc in the pr0ccss ,f pr..,r!ucti ..,n nakns him (')ppn.sc that cethor! :>f prl"~'"~ucti•m .. dut an intcllcctu:!l, wh lSCI province is irlcns, wh0 is n.,t subject t'"1 tho discipline '>f tl)e factl)cyj an:l at tho· snmc time is not t!isciplinnr~ hy this cl:lSS phil "ls;:>phy of U.li-xts r.tust of nccc:ssi ty .:!cccpt tho r~11:1inant hour:~o·1is philosophy.

Eo that as it ocy, the ranks. hat! n sir:tplo W:J.j of jurl1P.nJ Burnhm:~.. ThL'Y s::li.t! the very manner in vdlich he w.::.lks up thu Steps t) the pnrty 'Jfficos is '1£ .,ne who is slUr.uainrt for inr1cec! thoro is nJthin r alika in a 14th. &t. l(i.ft. am: in a Sut~:Jn Place Resi(~cncc. ThC'J saitl, furth~rrn.Jro, n,-, rnnttor what his P.x:"-1fossi1Jn of !"aith is, i.t is clc1ar he c:mn~t st~nr~ the life of the prolctilrians<~ They suspectel! he 111u.ld return t-:J his snug hanc fh:m' ~or he livocl a lifo ta' far apart fr >tl the ranks ~f the party, much less the pr•Jlut3I'i.:ui.s .Jutsiclc. ·

It ~·ras he Vlh? l"tas tho thenrctical. lC:'~dor ?! the split., c·r)forb • !:,rJ.d :iar II lJr'>Ke ')\{''t he hncl not al~me m·.>ver arro:Y fr?n tho C'"lncepti:>ri of itussia as a :workers: state hut fran the onnccpti.:mf\ ?:C the inevi""tability- 1:C any s-::~cialist· orrl13F"; t•l him ll'·mo.na:10rial s-1cioty vras the· r.nre likely_ prospCc:t.: Ho knew ·l;herofore rrhero he vr.'!B- ;~ . .,inr; Md hi~ firmneSs' br.,u:Jht· alon1; tho rust- -~r tho lca.derSIUp :. that vras vas_t.lj 'superior .t') him 'in :!l.eribu~noss obOut the roVIJlutir>rmry JJ::ntomen:t. -~~~~~in· ·t}\oir ·navi)tion t? it· thr'lug'h the y:elirs. The most

. ir.lportapt ,o~ ·:tnes"O \vi\S,; nf cntirso,: Mruc Shachtmnn. . ~ .. ' . ~ . . .. . . . ·:it ·-is true thc.t" ov'or sinca ho ht!.fl ontoi-ed tha rnoveT.lCnt ;::!.5 a

.. ·y:?u~h .ho. YI:JB knoiiri as· a:hrilli:mt journalist,- .•mo_ who coul:! vrrito brilliiintly.for ltnller el.ther ·facti.m in ony 'party st:rog~1.o - but ho_~~ ncrvertholc~s beo~ of tho ~ovement~ fnr a quarter ~fa·~ con~ury., Tho fear wo.s that ho would· never -tok-:~ pawor himself'., Tho mnks nf tho' :iP fearocl ho w:mlc\ just bo Burnium 1 s journaliat insto:u'> ~f Cann·.'n's,' But tha:t was ontirel.j false. Burnh;m left o.ncl ShllChtr.lo.n bocarnu tho loader, c?nsci~JUsly ood with tho scriousno~s which p llitic.:U. ch<lirmanship ,,:r a rQC!ical. or!~clllization '!cmcmr!s. Ho re-ro3is~croc! tho pilrty; he s•>u,fllt t:> prolotarianizo it; ho puhlisherl tho paper· arid tho,-,rotical journal rogulnrly; ancl ho wont in :r.,r pnpul.ariihti.ms ;~al.•Jre ~~- for CDMp.Ugning.

But it all COJ:Io to noue,ht. The line not only b.rnught no masses to tho party; his shilly-shall,yint; almost to·>k lrl>s own party mroy fr:mt it. In tho vor.v-first ··convention, Corter rtith his c . .,ncepti..,n of bureaucratic· collocM.vism rus the noxt &tllfla of ·humanity alm,st to-':'lk tho m.'ljority mrey from··Shachtm:m. T/o !Jor.od his ncckc 'ife wore foVl it is truo but we holrl·tho baJ.onco of !'>"WOr arid wo anid: so lnn~!;- .o.s you Shachtrno.n cliJ n-:>t y-ot kn~r whe:r;c you aro goinG - where :;~­Cartor hllB alrom!y ~>i.von up the pralctariat -· Tto will support :r·ou or·tnniz<J.ti 'lnally., Than he m:>vecl over cl·,sor an-t closer tn Cnrtorls posi tbn himself one: tho Ylhnlo party TillS perme:ltccl Yli th tho c -nceptin thnt"-t?ho vmrkina clo.ss wns bnckwarcl. !"to IJ.l.VO hi.m·~1no rtnre chance,

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It vr;-;r; in 19h7 nml there l't~s a chnncu t·, unite the '1\·r,, Trotskist parties anr\ try vri th the r.tore rov()luti,1nnry pl.rspucti vc: nt lenst on the iu1oricnn· scene to have tho wnerican workin3 class r.~akc its o:<"pCricncu with it. But bhachtnan was a lcc.cler whr> hilll no linn t•> put o.cr:JsSJ s he! h.:l'l tc> '. • tp:.re in to his potty h.:mr;Jonis whi.n:lCr-sna~pcrs who. did not wiS.h to '!~ thr?u•;h the r!iscipline ·:>f the 57/P. He hnc! shovth1 fr"Jm tho very stnrt, that oxcd:.,)t whr~rc ho accr;pted a line fr'>m us, ho c:1ulrl n•.1t vtithst;m,1 thnt collnctivc: lcnrlcrship 'Jf. his. F':'on tho st.:u"t the!" h~1 plo.n!lfJ(! in the rt.JSt cliquist an,' unrlurhanrlecl vr:r.~ evrJr scan in the r~:iccl r.nvoncnt t·J Tl::l.w.e i~hc>rn fr•1m lca•.:crship sir.lply bcca.ucc they (!i·l not like hiS 11 ,1:1St11 • He kncrr thnt n.mc :>f thcJ:J had nc::.surcr! up t·) .h.hcrn 1 s rcC'JI":.~, but ht:: ha-·1 to capitulate to thctJ and der:t•)tc Ah•~rn fl"OI"l nati:.m~ c1r.tr.1ittcc ncnhcrship. J,.n:~ n:rr1 these .plan:1crs Wt!re a.t it. a~.:ri.n, anrl this time wo silifl.: if you rlo nnt ;~n int'> this unit,y, we v;ill try it. r.ursclvcs. ~"fe left anr! th~t r.ns the J,c;;innin·; of. the .en•! of his i?arty •.

.. Irl th':! U~~ed. :St<ltcs the llarxist oovcl'lCnt aver the 'yc::.r -ht:S -~suff-.::r,~d fr~ the theDry ~,r .hrlcrican cxceptirm3li5r.1.. The first - inventor . ··"'If thut thenry in thry rcvblutio·nary m?ver1ont worl:=- the

Lt>vnst·mitus. Their typP. ,,f organizerS: "forn thn v;orkers went. vtith the tlr. ory anrl anticipated both tho Stalinist plo.nner :irrl the intnl­lcctual, plannerS th"at -. CLil!lO wrtlr the Nevr Dcnl. in this countl"'J.

'Hm1 ·he· a.nd .h~;> ·cl)hl>rts S\raril.. 3l.l qVer -Europe as the "v~iccn or lahor--- ":tj.fiat .is .:if' the Stnta Departnent· VorSi'>n :1f it.· ~hnchtr.mn, in invcptin~ the thc•Jry' of hUl"cnucratic· collectiviSM and yot tryin 1 nbt. -t.o)~p.y:_ t.h~~ · h¥ihani ty- ,.,as foredOot:~cr.l to that, . ·had ·t.cJ rcsnl't t:J

· .'fliC "tilon)'Y' .o.r· :cxC:optionali:;p •. · Fox: the pre::>isa· ·.or""!t is tho '.;Skcpt:i-,.c~_S:I\ 1 ·.a:nn :pessi:ntl.Sm of _:the" Cnpa~ity -·or: the pr-Jlotnrint tr)

aohiov:9, ft.~ "t;mw sOCialist·"Orde:r;. · LuCe of the fule-Lifc-Ft)rt.une . · Cl)nbine· says· he ~nas; found c. .. 11nc\·t11 cnpitnlfsm that will escape thn l:;.'ts l;J4rx .f;iaid,it. l'f'''~d follort to ~ts mm doom·~· Jo.nd .all the litt.le ·radical ~oupipgs, .:~o .. chilraCitcristic of this. country l'/herc. there is no mnos tahor .. Party''to. a't'trac·t· thQ p_otty bourgeois to its side, fl.,urish in .-their.· i-.Jwn··s't.ri.gnD.t:iOn.~ -· · : -. · · -

: . ,. . ' .~·:~-;:_, :-·· - . . .. . . . ·.·no. :rii:H finished for · c;ood o.nd .all with tha.t which no:v calls

"it5elf, 'l'rot .. sJcyism.a 1 Tie arcu not itoming•a third Ti"otslcyiat S,cmency: in: the.Uhi to<LStntes. · The tr~o existing vtin~s typificrl by cannon an:\: pqnctitr.ian: 'tLre· ip. t.hoir v,crY essence ':me. It is the

· trorlcl st~~r.;{lC :"Jf the tw•.l ·great. r.i~ses_- nf Cnpi tal in .iunDrica anrl. ttus~i<l ~i.ch ~cOp~ these -·~w9 Wil:trts of TrotskyiBr.l ap:u-t frnm eilch ,_,tlmr t"JdtW• . ~Ci~l1c_r'1,3sas itself "on the opposition· of the pr..-,lct.ariat to capitllist-b::li"hi·~rism which .vm lih.vc analyser\ nnd cletailnrt so earn-

: fully •... ~ Bpth vrnnt s~.Xnc intormediht.o · St~a, S'1mo holpinft hanC: fr:m a :-: · scctiu~ ~f .tile ln.h.·'l~·hurcaucrncy,. until tJ:ley cnn ~iva_ at th,., he&.£~

or .thq, ~':lsso,s_ ... Tho'·rTP-·.chof?~ the cpre ro"contly cxpamlecl lahor

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b\1roa.u~z:acy ~qvel·.>pod i:n the .CIO ond in the Dri tish ·lah~r . ·cff·icial.cl?.rn"."- _The S''IP; :~ru;"(Jing_ ql(t.trar!itions, choco th~' Conquests ~nr the. S£iil.inist bureaucracy. Thoy_m-o·unohlo· t:~ J!ivo up i,onkrupt . ·p,~liti.ep.l' p~Jsiti'.lns bocausn t~s 'involve~. not •. iCons, but a cancopti·m of ti;lp~a_nlyt~·s, or._ their o_wn -~~1&_, of ,th_~ t;aps· in tho social crisis ... whtcjl ,,thOY.,!>XJ>OCb· t,> fill-. Jloto hoW the r,p ·jUJ:lpe<l at the oppnrtunijrJ

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t·:~ 1h S•XlO prvpa:~anr~istic an~ nr~anieati·.,nal work £.1r hcuthur.; nrJtt~ tho s•·rpt s pan tin;; ea,;crness tn r!o the sor.ta for Tit?. H:mc ancl 1"!ir1ick justify this 'by sn.yin•: th:tt l!cuthcr is .m unfinished pars. mali ty. l'hc S',JP hascs its pt>litics. ·m the viC?t that Tito•s pers•;mality is alS•l unfinishcr! an~l it l > )ks O."'l;~crly at 1Ja·1 f()r a crit:is in his. 1'he nccusin;; fin..-:ors pr>intc(! at each •Jthcr .'lro ~hnt ~lr a r~an l?·Jking.

· .'lt. his 'lWl\ ima:!C in a mirrnr. That the $':? and· ~/P carunt live with each 1ther is loss. Git,U.ficant than thc!\.r C')J!Ipatahility with soctiJI!S of thu ln.'nr hurcaucrncy. · Tho cryin;~ et,mne af the: 'l'fh'jlC h!JSinass is that neii:.h~r hu.roaucracy has the sli-~ntcst use !_or these unprinci pler! fra'{nents Tfh . ., have just enou~!h prin.ciple aru! past tr) pr~N~nt then. makin1; tho full steps. Both aro th .lli"lec!.

The p.:1int is that rrc c:lul,! toke vthut scoco·,·~ tn then strnn;~c nr1:anizati ·>nal steps - votin ~ for .,ha.chtr.um at• on~ pl")int; · a;:ainst hir.t at an·1th~;::r; loavin:; hin n?t on •;oneral political rcs'lluti•1ns which r1e ha1l carefully wnrkert ;)Ut thr.?ur,h th\~ years hut '1n 11the unity qqcsti,_,nn - precisely hccauso we h:lll a. pc~spectiv£l a.lh"lUt the now ; .­SJCiety ;t1herent in the present anrl lx!cause we _carofully watched anrl leo.rnerl fr.Jm our rank ann file. The mune type of ·:>r:~anizational flcna~J.or made us lcnve the S11P. it v1as the ~~<vrar11 or

in ·;cneral, hut the t~~~~~TI~ ely hccauso of a

'£his is als? what happen~rl: in tho i/P there 'l'lcre S~".ma pc,tty­b:>ur;,cois. clements who had stuck t11 us rl'hcn tho ic'cas TTerc nhstract. C~mtrast thoir UCti'lnS with the Contrihuti,~ns of .9ur rnnk and file. The· potty-bou;r,;eois ele~~t:lt~. pr~yed :on .-our t;roupiri:~ as they prt!y .m all rcvoluti"rinaTy :;rvupin;~s bocJ.Uuo th&rc is, 11n mass L~JrJr .Party·. in.. !"'hich they~ can express,. their op:Jositir.m tr.> capitalist society and

.. , yet ~'l.intain thpir own· potty-boUr.r;oo:iB· s.o.,ei·nl: ptilicu'!

:, . ·n~:··spc,kc bufr,ro .·ah.,ut tho~ ti'r.J parts· Or Our"tJAEIJ:C,~~n r:ohKEft .. ,. ParnP.hlot •. JJo~h parts. rovolvtHl· arvurultrliO.t_ MarX.. P,nrl.cal.l~l '1alienatiqn

:1:~· ::.o~;.la}_li_Jr 1 ~ .bY ·which hu·.m:.~t :th~~ labor .. ~· the. qa~~~~is~s have it :-:: 1: r sot -~P .fO:!' tho. )'lorJrors 1n .the factory: 1S).1nt)t .f:rll!! bu~~crccrl, f-?rcc!cl _·. :laqor,·11

: Tlhile harcly' t0lcrati.i13: _the "an3lysis. _,,f lt_omano,, thr.so ; .· ·patty:-b·Jur~c,.,i-o: :hun;~ ontf) tho· oxprCSsion ;)f 11 n.li·onati.,n of lah:Jr11

· ·· c:m,1 nU.u1c this into a Ylay ,,f lif.o, an p.tti.tu~c.·n·.">t alone to capi-

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taliS."'itic ·l.'lbor, hut tb "the ·f:i·sciplino· that ·'thC vt:"l,tknr must of nCcc-SS~tY. ·.impnsn; up·r}n ·thOse iritelleatullls': if i't 5.s. ~~- maint:i.in

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i tsolf as a i~onuinc pr:>lctarian tonfla'ricy. It. WaS;,' t npon- as yat, hut the roaistance tu prtJlctarianizati:.m wa;J elonr. They tll.icnatc:l

.. :t.hcmso.lves.~ n:1t. ,nly fr Jm WdrkJ· ·but frrxn W"Jrkcrs •... Thilco ytho r1ir! ··,;~·ittt.:> thO. factory Wara· clock-\vatehrtrs and tho n~inutc: .the boll., ra1u -they-._ ran n'lt al·ma out of thu factory, but' .n.w~rrom their. sh~r.ta.tos." ":':In will moot this typo ~ain when~sc be the varnpiros 'th.n.t arc on tho frin::o ··>f thcJ lol!IVOmontt. Su££ice he:ro to s.:'Y' th.'lt thuso n'> sn·mar t;.lt intfJ the S.1P thtin thny .Uion..1.t.Orl thei:~selvos

t'i•.~ht ~mt nf ,ur tendency. ·

···::·.·.'this~ tnu:~ht us onr.:·.thini.:- wo cannot h~:fl~oo'·rr,m the v,~t'-y.:,hour~a S? l'>n.; aS vm ·are part of a n.,ch:f.Y ·t.h.it has n.> mnss Labor Pnrty who'ra· they· c~n pl~' the hi·; sthtth ~h1 l m;; as that is true, wo Must he "'t!V_n.r vi•Jila.nt ~.l suo th:1t it cl~us n."")t ovor

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d-1minnto ·>vur .ru.r own thir•l U...lyor - tho rnnk nn'! !Uo W:lrkor, tho Nogr~, the w·.mon, tho y•JUth.

Sec mcU.y, an~l n:..,st itJp:>rtnnt of n.ll, we were in our in.-lopcn·~.mt. Cxi.Stanc:c ,!ll-)1~ t·:> crc:J.tO the f~lT-1 fl")r this thi.r~l leycr trl OXilTOSS itself o.nd brin·~ 1ut nll the nev:t· qualities Tdthin it,

1 /f; sp?kc ,,f the y:1uth pamphlets. · The No:,.:> t·n vm.s n~lo t:") mcpross hirnself in a T.\annor that rras n. lanr.r.1.ark i.'1. the histnry nf the Tmrkin! clo.ss m·lVcment in this c•>untry. Of the pr•>letilri.nt, hy ·: the proletariat, f'lr the prolctario.t - th:.t is vrh"t tho.t puhlico.ti >n rO_iJrcscnts arul th.'lt1 s..c why it vms the first h·Y1k mr :p-arty cmhracoc~.

A.s a m...1.tter of pr-1cerluro 'Jf .tnthorin.~ material!. - whether it he ....,n the CIO or the 'lf1oM Quosti•m, h·,th nf which we plan t...., publish - wr: he:;in fr'"lill whnt 'lur inrtl.vir!uol W? r kcr has cxpcricncer. This c!')ns n 1t require kn,1\vlcd1e ,r loarner!ness. 'l'ho thc:'lry .ll' sta.te-capi talisrn creates certtdil essentials rcgm-r!in;; tho nn.turc ·1f the cp·>ch an·~ .the type ·>f rev :")1 t. inherent in it. Then this w1rkcr with full c mf,ir!enco that it is his instincts, impulses, inspirati·ms which aru '·.the very hnsis ,..,f t.Hc· new S?cicty, :;·..>Os to ., •>ther Wr")rkcrs, in arrl out of ·the party, anr! if\ his .-,wn sty-1-oa, tells the story.

Take the questi 1n r:t£ the i/ :1man 's pamphlet •

The new quoli ty of the w >Clan pamphlet_._

. ..le have ru.,ca,J; sp~kon <Jf the conflict of ~ur, rank an'\ file wo:lmnn. wi·th tho women l"oli,!ors .-·in· tho S:TP. \/c. ~st n?W cnnsif!(:r

. vJh..·~.'t ..,na :r•:nm.~ .vror.mn r:J.irl, ·mcc· She .. bar. cpnfide.nc:e in :mr lo<lficrship o.n.rl, nhllvc that, c m£i~lenco in horsolf that she ha:l 3ninc~ in -hroak::\Jl ~ with :t)"to. olrl .-o.rganaznti-on.·, She llc~Jan t•., apB:\k with hr:r shrJpr:lates n.rir! · nci 1hhors with .a. view t1 ·.-1qttin~ ·tr::l.'il them _,tha:l.r-. views, checking hen mialysis .a:~ainet,them.: · Sbc h~.lQ~t all t'-qs_itanCy abt:'nlt the 11 nJn­p~ty:11 ·pors.>n t~o. nthor ..;r'.)Up trie.<!-t·>:in~till.in hor. Instcar! she ro<:~.lizo:l· that is exactly wher'J 'the. olcll)e;nts .1.t: -.tho new S?cic:.ty wore •

.. :~th'>u~h .sh~··.vms nB;ithQ:;":· a: ~·~h?{.U. ~~r a· .. i'ln:r~:st she sat c~own t:, write al:t~ this up. She~ ·knerr ;now .~he new w,)ul<! n'>t come £rnm bo,ks hut £r?m lii"e.

. She w:is not ·Jnly encnura:;c~ t1 cl•> this, hut Wns assurec\ .th:~.t it W'1u],rt then not he 11 Inli~icnJ.izqc!1·~ , ilJ1r! h!\VO all the life SqllCCZG~ 'lUt .Jf it. ,./hat Tl:1s it that vr.'ls~_ncw in t.ho ovn:tyclay lito ·)£ tho w:>man W·:n~kor an-i prr>lctill'inn ho:>usowif'c arrl Tfli'i·c. w ..... s _r..ow in her thiJUV~?

This paJ\lphlot.-is .collort: a ilomo.n•s l'l.rico

It ho\lins with· a rlas9ription of tho· sirl:;l:e mllll\'1 who wunts t·l h~ suro she will n~t be tho housoh'llcl d.rut!:;o thut hor cmthor W3S1 D.Ilrl wh, whon sho hears tho Dnl'lriccl W'">~en tnll:, says, Hay, Y•'>ti' re sco.rin:~ mo. YJU'll· make ce nn olcl mnici.

11 Thon it ,:..,os ..,~.to cnnsirlur tho marriod w·x:um who finrls hnusework :.1 novQr-onrling jl"lh thnt is rn::>n""\t~m,)US nne\ ropatiti . .,us, nn~. tho whnlo llinhucan setup" when children cor.to anrl it io takun f\1r ·(rantorl th3t tho wh".>le hurrlon is necossarily that .,r the W•Y.10.n. 11 Tho wr.:y tho house is sot 11p Y')U hnvo "" c )ntr·'l :JVor the hours ,;: w,.,rk, the kind !)f· work, anrl h7rt much. That is wnnt. tho '"')r.lcn want t:1 c1ntro1.n

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Dut cvurytin-~ rovolvcs 3rounrl tho factory·. Tho h·mrs her hushaml w•1rks rletorminos her wholu schCr!'Ule a.n•l h:')\"f she will livo anl'l when she \'rill Wl)rk. 11 Thero is nrJ need i.or a f'>rcma.n or lcacl 1P,rl .:1t h1mc. It is tho w::.y a vtoman lives ant~ the W<lrk that · she must r!:) that keeps her tooiru; tho t:l!lrk. It is this wey of life, :;.lso th;~t teaches her c'!isciplino • 11

It ,~nos "" to shr.vr h'?W W•)r.J.Cn aru brc:lking cbwn tho i~hlati m ,.,f th,e hm!lo hy creatin;~ str·m;_~ ties vtith othor W•)I!ICD, It· is the only ·.,-nup li~c a w.Jr:lan can have anrl she r.tilkcs tho m:Jst "Jf: it.·

· ; -,~;·.~~n ~c or;~Lll'ii.zcd anrt "wJuld kn~JVr just whnt t., cl.1 if they (~ucido,.;. ·they wnnted t:') rl.., S">Iltlthing ah·1ut the \t:'lY. thin~s· .:trc run, Tho W"~r.Km ·in a hrmainr, pr•)ject in San FrD.ncisc., ·>rganizar~ t~ halt tho risc_ .. i_n prices. They s:L·r ~ho •pve1nmcnt wnsn•t rl:>in~ ;mythin~ ah.,ut it §•l : they t .. ,.,k rn~ttors int.., their ~wn hancis •. They hc~l~! lilc=~tin?;s nm! <lqm·mstr:xti~ns ruul c!istrihute(t lenflc~~· No ,,nc pcrs~n or~anizeC. it. The fact thl!t it startcrl in· a houSiJlG proJect J.S nn acci(!Cnt. . The vr::nncn mo::lc price lists up. of every stol"IJ in tmm anr! bouttht at t~nse; st''Jrcs th:rl.. ~at:!- the l•mest prices ~mly. The whole ci_ty kncH :lbaut it; ·G!llrl papers hm~ nany .articles an it. The n.:ma· that vr:lS ~jivon it· _vtas Uaron's OP!~·~' =·:

But. .st.:L~casc:-:1 ~hu pamphlet, thu·moSt 'univcr?:U ..)rganizati·m of w·Jr.J.en -is tho :aetil")n th<l.t vmncn tnkc. in their h.:Jm.cs. Each tr.,men in hor. o\·iri h li:lU _is· r.b.lcin~ a rcivoluti->"ri. N'o rna ttcr. -b•»t ouch a hus..: hnnd tries t-1 --umlo_rstand. the .w:m1ail' s prOblems·,. no matter h-m well .. they ,~ot altJ:n~$, Vt;)mcn fi~ht. :tho WrJY. theY" are. :for~cd. to "live nncJ wan~ tr)cst.::~.blish·:n.--.now_lfuy of .life ... .- nTlloy will, a:3'_thoy have rlonu bEif::ll;e,' make thoi;r _o.vn;wny-1nd~p6ii.ilent of·mon-and yet·.-. ~with men. •. --­For it is _th~y.;yiho .. Undcrs-t~C.·.l:l nf:lst" cle<l.rly "VIll<l.t those new rola.ti:·msm in the hXlc ·arc to 1:te. It ·is they trho p·Ji.nt tho:-vtoy:.:cOst ·clearly ... tr,. a new unity botw:ocn mo~ a~~-vtomon~even,4.s.th~j.w~~o-a bittOI:':. · battly,,vtit.h,-thcir-:hUsbn.ntls.~~ .... -;· . .i . ·:·: . .. _. · . .· • ·

-..~ --.:·· ::. _,_ ... ,· : ..... :·;.-·:_;.· . '"··.·-~ ~ . -·- '. ---~··' .... · 1'/hatrra• mns1;<:·";tnporta!lt cllout thnt plllllphlet·; .. ·as cllrrut .:lll , .. ,.

our pul)licati•lnsby the rank anr\ file, is that it wns:.writ.J;on by· .. a vmrkor for a rr':'lrkor oncl wo o.ra confidant that -it.,·ii.l.l.bc ra11rmiZerl· :JS such. That vrns what vro \'/antecl to buUd on whe~ --wo,: broku ~ ifha"P. · · . ., is what we--aFe huildin~ .on •. : !ill:Lth<l.t ~i~(wh.:~t -~d).l_ be!:provQn l)y" our paper~ .. _-,-.·:-;_.-·:· .. _._ ;.:···. __ ., :•. · :~- · :· .· :

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.SECTION IV *--- QlJI( OliGJJIIZ!•TION iLNIJ OlJI( P1.PEit

'Ia will n·>w ru1ke a sh::ll'p anrl r!-:>lihorato hro.!lk in our story. ~IG have c-DC to 'Jur own org.:mi~ati011 as it is anl ru; it proposes t..-, functi\m. It. is noccssary thcrr!!'ore t'> sum up what thn principlc;s are u~~n \Yhich nur :Jrgnniza.ti?n is ha.sccl. By whnt r!o tre livc7 In ·!Oncral, it is, of course the accur.rulatcd expcrieneos :)f the workin.~class and W'>rkinf!clo.ss r.lOVDr.lcnts. The roas'>n a hrc.:lk ia nccr!ct! hero, h•m'ovcr, is th.at vto \'fish t'l r.ta ko_ clo.'ll" tho.t olth31.tBh IJ:l!'x nnd Llonin havo VT.t"ittcn m">st prof-:mndly, we roc•>1nizn that his­tory moves ?n. Tho circur.tstanccs unr!er which Lenin workec! <mt~ !rom' · which he dravr h.iB il!eas .:1£ a party have n·:wr JXlSsarl. Lenin, as vrc saw, ::m\lf')lt t'1 build a party ilCc.,rdiru:; t., cort~n principles hocauso the Socinl Dc'locracy refused t:) scizl) pmvor. :·rc live in the CP')Ch :1f· state-capitalism anrl, ·for fron hcinr~ f'act'f. with thr: prohlen of the lhr.mnmist Parties fci"usin~t t~J aeit.r: '{>'Ji't(~r, vro SPt.1

;thCI'l seizin~ pm-rcr ~ crushin~ the Wl)rkcrs D''Ve.clent. It is clc:u- that n•> S':lo..ll V:lnf!\larrt party can overtone tht!SC m->nstors. Only" n vast milss p:lrt:r ·:>f r.dlli-'>ns can. Oiily tho workers can ,,uiloi such a pcirty. If th""oy rr.:o.."lt it, t."toy will buil(l !t and if 'om have capacities and talehts in that ~~recti~n, they will rcco~nizo us, Uut they rb nr>t nccrl us t;J tell thel:l whnt to clo. 7/c <ll"O n.,t tollini! the worknrs wha.t thel 11Shl')uld11 .do, bu.t _be_c~usa -our.whole C•1ncepM,.oh shOWs- :that ooJ.Y.J.n :t-hem l:'~e ·tho futurO ,:md sru.vnti "Jn of .h~-.cy-, .:y,t:i .:ara·~tclling th~·v'1hat wri nro· :md. "What we propose to~lo •. :;.'·,~~.;]:·: .. ::.. · · ... , ...

First , tho ·-.round~ti-"Jns .,r ·oUr iibtts ·arc those of 'Uarx nne~ Lenin hc_ca~se th~poko in tom.c; ?f el.uSs·::solic1a:rity- q.ncl o·~mscif')Usness artd .W.J"'rlrt cnncopti ?~-or 1:'!tornnti:>rullism. Butwo havO our ·:mrl traditivns in the Uf'itcct :::;tiltc.S.·) .· ':

L * The iLboli ti ,nists

That is. procisoly vlhy we cho5q · t.;· C13ke a rlelibci-ht~ hrc:lk in lUr story hare anr_.(just Clt the p•.)int whore Wf) hc~an tf) tell who we ar.c

aml Tlhnt we pr-:>posc tf) clo. t"fe hroak: our story to go h:lck uvcr 100 years anrl short tho roots of true jjoshevj.sm 1n· tho l~b,liti·m Hovet!lOnt. This, tho most amazinf! devol'lprncnt · 'lf DU1' country's hist.ory an!1.- the moGt outstanrling exo.rnplc of what Uarxist histocy knowa ns Bolshovism "'"'' born in J.horie<l 83 yoors ho!cro its birth in Ruasin. Boin~ /LJilOricnn, it \'ta.s _n,, acciclent that it centercrl ar~un,l. white ~·.! No~o rclnti:·ms. It was tho question of slavury w·hich ~rn->kor._ n.1 ·U c!)mpromisGs ei thcr on the part of the B·:>url->ons who eat.Mlishc·rl a hateful totolitnri:m s.Jcioty, or at:lr.m•J the Ab,.,litionists who sm1:~t t~ establish ontirol>y now human rela tbns, ~/hen "e have finisher! tellincr this st~ry, tho question or white and Na:,-o rolo.ti?ns in tho llllrxist c?vomont ri;;ht horc, will hn,.., an .>bjocti·te, ru>.\ th?roughly .1\Jnorican, point a£ roforonco. It is only unc!or those ciroumstnnoos tho.t our arm history and strivinas will bo fully unclorst,>·Jd,!'or o:lch country must solve its mm problums ..

Ono hundred and t-vronty :;oars n_-;;) tho Nu,:r•J slave w~ tho lahl')rincr elMS of thiS C'luntry • Ar.lericnn pr'1Spol"'i ty r!Opond1Y.\ :m tiootharn •I '

C'1tt•m• Southern cott::>n clt:Jponrlo~l on tho slo.vo's l:lhrJr. Of all the thin1lB vtront: in this Y'>uncr country, slavery wns tho l:l.'lst cnncr~tc. Tho slnva livoli umlor tho whip. Ho Clovocl in tho chainor!

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c ,rrlo. :lhon !'louin~ htJ \'ta.s pursuor\ hy r\r)£~5. :!hotl crw.Jht ho wrrulr! l·JSc an onr nr a n'lso to m.::.rk him ~s .1. run-arr~y.

iioJre than Cl')tt·m arvl cruelty, the bnndil~tl Df -sln.voy pr'"liluccd the tl'"'~St intina.tc bond. •1f tho human kind. !lore vrns tho closest c mtact vri th othor slcvc laborers, kn'l vlinr. emu anot.h.Gl', truMtin!~ .:.nch othcJ; stnm·~thonin.; each -,thor. :=.lave rcyolt 7~:.!5 inaviatblo. .fnr tho rno.stcr t11 keep his sl.:lVCS frX'l flcoin~ wns i!lp':lSDilllc. ~-lhon tho sl:Nc c:uno Norh he .l:>r9u·~ht tho war with hir.l. Nrwr it wq.o; on a la:r:.~cr sta:y. ThtJsc nhi.tcs wtv·l ... holped thu slave floe nn<! protected him a.t his ,ltJstil)n,+~iop to l\( ·~n thf:t Sl'.n\O human qualities ns tho Nc·~n hir.ls2lf.

·.·1 ·,· I· '• • ·, '· ' a·nrr~shn; .. Phillips ant~ 'lthors Tlero talontor~ whito intollcctu.:U.s; :speakers, trn.tcrs'' l!.ll(! pr•lpn.~:.mdists.. Abolition nrg~nizatirm bcp; .. "l11

Ylhcn those surr-ruw~ort thClil&elVC"!S with the hitt.orly rrl.lit:mt cx.-sl~W'lSe

It vio.s they wh"l docir.er.. the •Tiffcronco het\7ccm an•:: '1TI1n.nizati~n .nnrl the noxt.

Tho i'irst issue vms ·whothcr the tle~a rr.:~.:s an l.mcrienn. · The Cr•l'.Jl&izn:tionist 5<Jeiotyr. s.U.d, No.. Tho !'ree Ue:vo Trns an ~ .:md sh')JJ,].!~ l';o r:ct~~,.- there ... Tho No~o slave vrp.s a Southerner ~'1d

.!,•;-,.:· shnul.rl: be kcPt:1l~cf;8:t work the.rc. Gnrrison. r1es~rcyod the c·Jl•.miZo*· t,i:nnists , f.cif tl;l:l·-timOj· b.?th ·in .t}\o Uni to{! _Stntes· · .mr1 ill Enfllanrl ..

. .; :: .. : ·~ .';\be .,~c-c<?~~; .-~~~~ -~.:ts -'~:ib~th~~ t~o~e= oua~t -~') 't~a iJ'Jmerliatij;.t . · :'•' frc~dop,ror:;U.l':Dl"ves;• .. ~oJ:I<l,:~oi~ ,timo wi),l take ~o.re of it. '' .. .-·.: ·: ·Gnr:r~JJ?l' .~:d.~;·men· will .. tnko: .. caro .9Ci}. · Thli•gra!ualists !!tl:ir. tho

. : :: ;,;·· .. ~ slavoholc!o.rl3, ;:>'timl:t to-'-btt: rcformocl.. .11_it is· t.lle· ·rar.·arr.mrs vrho h11ve to . ·~.: ·- .: .t~! .~"lo~ ref~d1~, 'rtf!S''lf~ison1-s -~pl,y; .' ;H1~ .. ~-~~! _Wns that ho aJ.~to.ys. ···;. ·:: .. · hi;'llli)!!~c·.-, ~t)p .. ~'"'tJ.~n::horo, .wht;t.o .ovgcy,one olSEi'·?Ut it out .,r s:J.;ht-

~-. 1 :; ·~-;· · ·· · :::i;n. :~~~~19,')' .. ~ho. 8:nithlatY1 ror ,.t;hq· .rp~~9~um~' ·. . .. : ·; _l ·; J~·r·· ... ·. ·- .. " .. -···:·• .r ,·.· .. ··~•_;.• ...... _ .... ,-r:,::~" .

,j ;!: _ _.,I , . . . ... : ·. ·_:;.i-ilt:i.;..siilVcry--·t.-aB!'3ll·.cvO'r:.erqy(inti·,.J5r. · NoW.;l~ers vf tha .. :pnin4~~io~:·y,~i-b·=~nturlna iilt:>. it."BJ.l··~fib t:ir.lo.- .. vomo bogan t1 i.n.sist

•· :· 1 .tha.t.tn~,i.r-s_~ll:Vu# v~as·t~· hus~~:S '$!_'.~· ~pe~1~izcd r,r,aup ~r

•'

.. pe'oJ?:J.c.: th~. !>hU1'9hman, the .:eJt 1:>l'l:t,y givpr, ·the sociol. worker. ·· :.r : .Gar~is11n .cll"ew..·:t.or,e:ther. the: c-li_!f_enm:~ · 1'rri.gmonts'·:>r' t.h13 anti-slavery

'' '· •l!l,vcinent.·,,Jl.tlfu central principle· tJiat .the 'tmolc nAti<m "'""involved ·. · in:.'!llt~~sl·aV:o#i' h:Movo,· un'arier~> .or:.i:t;. · Thi·~· -~""'riot his his hcn<l.

:He. Jlt'Oce·onC'l· '!>\' puhl:!:sh. a· P~P''':' .. v~i~fi."he,c:linci·.ottlllnlll! all """" the:-----. 1Jnito•\,.States; For tho,.cx-~lnv!;si th~ Li"eratvr was the l!leans·hy ·"'t.

·' 'Ol • •which · thoy sp6kti"td; each ot.hur tmd to the whole country, Tho. slClve­mstorS rO~bgm.zt,tl i:rr 1 tho LibQr_aior ~t~a·!(firiljf t.he alnves ~l aro:>~cl thom wh.;:o . were not oll,mie'cl 't·o· ron or to.

·'

Evoryono recor;nizod th<1t ah<>l>ition hn•~ finally ca::e home !ran En!~and, from Lihoria, :['rem. •missi•.,n:n"Y an:-l ,tjihla trnot sooiuties. It w.:w. the ha,p.nnitlf~ or Bil Atnm"ietm movr.mont.

Others deha.t.od issues in thu anti-sln\·ery rn~)vcmtm~t. '!he ex-slaves clid mt have tv· r!oho.te neybtl<lyo They v.,ta<! n?nt with the I: hands hut as nn imrnovahlo h:xly'. IIThoy hnve rlaon in t,hoir h'lpce nn~l \ · feelings t~ tho perfect stnture ?f mon; in this city (Boston), every OflO 0f them is aa to.J.l as a !;illl\t, 11 fi1~ain, Oorr.lson -wri.tee · · that an opp~ncnt n ••• is tryin~ t~' influence our colore.-\ £riar,r!s,. •• but ha finrls thom tr\lfl ·"" stillol.:., ll!ld·there!ore.an.JrllY .tells

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them that he holiovcs thnt if Uarris~n wh.,ulrl. ~n t ... hall, they W'lul1t ·~ l with him.n ·

This constantly r.t·;vin-: rold"tionship hotwoon tho ax-slaves$ wh1 vroro tho hll.Su always, an!~ the 'lthcr l~yors o! the mov<!r.'IOnt, is the s·,lo secret Or thoir success. This unusual - anr! typically Jl.r.loricnn r.tflvcment.:hn.~1 n'1 trru!c utrlon prJsts, n~l -~I)Vernmcnt po.trrmn~o, n~ party fnv·:Jra t., offor anyhocly. People ?al"fw in this r.nvorncnt at a tir.lc v1hcn '!i-'7Vtth VtilS tho :~rc.:!.tost hun:~or a tho country M a Wh"Jlo. Insi11o this r.Javcrnont, the rtiftorcnt olor.1cnts of the p'lpu­lati ?n vtcro brnu ~ht ol,sost t,.,1:othor, makinr~ f·1r tho shnrpast clashes <lllr1 "the spocrlicst rlovcl'>pJ!tCnts.

!:..inca Garris?n1 s spd.C::irilty l'l<lS fi -11tin?, nnti:rslavcry cl,sc tu h lrnc, ·the clin~ Cm::~o when whi to w:non br:ru!iht :mti-sl.:!.V.Jry' . · ri:~ht "into their hooos. It bor..m S. oply .m tho masthead 'lf tho Lihorn~or. 1~ vt.l:J1cut shmtor.l a knoolin1~ slave W-.Jm.:m. It li:Js

:ahtitl'c.icl 111U:t I not a wor.mn and. a sistcr? 11 • Tho slavomast6r claimed ·he vr::!.s prt>toctin1 S1>uthcrn w..in.it.mold.. Tho Abolitionist clai.I'!lOtl .that slavery had .. -t;.urnaq ,t.hc ~outh- int·l one· hu(!e brothel. The: r.tost. i~tiJ:la.to· huHo.n .f'!Jllction 'Jf c;hilrlbirth .. hru:l boC·Tr.le· pl::mnorl publi(l

·-nrbcil.in~~ nf siavo laborers •.. · The Lihcr~tor openccl tho qucati:m up for tho tb?:'t:ho'rn' Vii;f.!qn tO" ·r~ccicle for thOJilselvos. Thoy l'1)kCt! into thciir own lives~; ,1 .Ho.ro_. t.O,j: indus~ry:. hacl- made sexual t:olati Jns arid· childbirth the mbre · ropr'Y.lucti'ln ·:Jf £act.1ry workers. Those W>r.lOn tiorl their lives .to that of tho slo.vo llilcl enlistod C'>mplotoly

· bohihd G.:uTiSon •. :. · .. ··~:.:. ·.. · · . . . ... ,· - .

. · : Qn~c ~~tc. tj_d.s: nf;, rblnti~l;r brn~c· ~p· •'lld patt.urns. iLb'Jliti 1n hnd ):-cvo:buti 1nizqct re].b.~·ms botwcon··the slave and his nat.ter, Na~r>

· ·and whi to,. and n~ .bctwe~n .. ll'or,. and ':'fOrn.on •. 'Ihe' covcrnont l')roko in half.. . The -lv·l~l~ .nn~i~slavory __ CI'Jt')¥E;'T!ti.,n. ~!hieh forbade w-,mcn' s p3rticipa.ti,n, s~ tho cOnsorVati .os on tho tlo~r plendinb with tJ:l.o ¢?s.tail.'Q.ncr O.nr~~son.i~·rtile::l\>.nl;c?.ey to crEO clown. Ho .novor· ~.irl • . Duril\t1 tho :GivU .. :I~t. 111':>9r clns~. Britisl\ :mtti-sl.wory fall apnrt Mil

. ·'· ··:' c!csortarr~hll .. N.or.th1 ;'J.oalfinll< t,hj;s,..j;ielcl.daar fr>r tho British workers. It t?,?k'' tv(ont:Ji:',:yol)f.'ii .~,,. sh. "!'f·:~ha rclass ·issue i11'1olvod, . . ' ..... ~. • .. : .... :~.'_·: . -~ ••• :t.t· .• .: ··: .· . ' ..... :

·'··It ·vras W~n1loll ~. l.ip 1.s,wifu-to-bc who racruitcc! him t•J tho n?vLm{lrit.: .• · nu'Qri .tc· .. sliiJJ,Y. sh,alzy,. Wa..~loll 1~ 1 sh~ tolct him.~ He. nevUr

:.~·c"l.~d.•"#p;,~corcrt,..l~n. C1e.a<Uy: stylo ~n .ovary politic.:ll t~::ot. He .. .f~p~h.~~ · U!l tlw_. !~t;t~-wn'4n~, ~pro ad: oa;~O style of sponkinr; fo:r: ru.l. .;.~m9.i l,lhbn ho ~poke. to thousands, it '"'"' :>S if he yras sittine, at

. "oaeh· rnon1s olh?'.'f h:lldinti a personal cmvt~rsati·Jn~ .•lhon drownmt : .. ·.:!OUt hy. ·a. scrOar.1irig. autlif:?!190, h3 spvko to tho newspaper rop,rtors

·· · · below hin until ho obtainor~ ctuiet.• ihc m:m ttooinl. ce.diUT.l p~sail>io . TfnB tho. >no f,,,. him. "1/9.: boliovoc!· that the mllil who jUJ:tpo<l up tfl

spc:ok .frnn tho hack ·.row ~crolltorl nfton r.u~ro intorost llJ"'d. oxciotcont · <nan tho plat.fori:i .. s;i<.]zlkiir, He heliavocl that ·tho thoatrcs ln:ooua!:..~t ®t r.l'ro of r.IDnt·s "true foelin.;s than tho churcheS nr CollOdOS. Ho livorl tho .]l'.ontost .p11I't ··>f his lifo on his f·.-ot in <ho ni<lst :1! hi·s ~':ldiOncU,, ~il ::they lover! ·· him !r.r it. Ho 71'~S not nn oxcop­ti mal """ l·u~ .. lir\. iunorican of. n now .. typo prorlucorl lJy 11 now sooi:>l p•wror, 11Lot 'rp :>no ·r!ospiso tho· Nc~~o rmy rnorc ... he hn:J ·tivcn uo

· .. ';' :1cnrloll l'hi·l:U,~s;,·~ 's:J;!.•l ono J.iswnm·. or all thcTnt: ... l<n"Dl"'.f opnnkors, •"' .. ·ho """' tho ·n:i~t .. i:i·~· ~r1t'h wnrko>'a nDt! -tr~o uni·>nist.o, . . ·' ,, •.•'' . '.. .

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Tho '>est sollin·; hDk >f tho 19tho cont;,:ry, next t> the llihlo, ''f.:lB a. b.nk vrrittcn al)~t n Uo•;r·> slC~.VO by :1. whit~ vt-lr.1:1Jt. J.nti­sl~vury \'1<15 tho l:Jihl~ >f tho 19th cOntury. J".S a. h'J )1<:1 Uncl.c T Jr.1.

1 s Ca.">in isn 1 t voey much a.n'l as C~. play oven luss. It w.::.s rc.1.d tu11! .-·~- • ;· playc{~ c·>untl~~UJ tir.l.os hccauso it 113.8 tho I!lcotin ·.t p-Jint ryf tw•) lnycrs . .,r tho p·>i:Jula.ti ;n v1h1 hilll ncvc:r' .. not. hc!oro. Tho iJ.tcrican pc ,plc ncre rco.:!inr: anr~ actin~ ·'lut their nwn livos vd th tho ~en test pa.ssi·>ri mit! foolin:~. .n. stunno'! H<1rriot Dccchor Stn\'/C c;mi_td :mly pr:Jelain that ~~~~,.,c! WT·lto it11 • ".lith the: ·halp ·Jf n hundred yoara we t:nn m1>rc ri:_!htfully cltrl.r.l th:1t it ~ms pror\uc.:cl by tho c1ncrotuly nc.:rr ·:· rolati~ns insidu tho anti-slavor,y ~~vcnont.

J\boliti·.m was thu nm7 di.r.1Cnsi1n in tho lJ.lcrica.n ch:u-r>.ct~r. In a s:>cioty falling t,J pieces from sln.vcry l')n l')n£! aida rou\ inclustr.t on the :Jthcr, the irtto•!l"ato1, vdllful personalities o! O.:trri~nn, D-~nlQSS,. .aulips, ,mrl .Brown were the ronn ..,.f revival anri re.?ri~alli~ati•m ()f the it.DOrionn llt¥1 Oii worlr!. Only rcv11lut1r>nists kn<m' the qu1llity of Al:lorican in:!ivi~uoli""'•

G:u-ris'Jn bo~.J.!'l tho Lihcrnt'>r with "these fatcl'ul W')rr,:!S: 11 I will

. hu 35 harsh as truth .. as unc'X!lpr·>mi!:in~ ~ justice - I will nnt eqivoeL!.to - I vril.l n..,t oxeu::>c - l"will n'lt rctrc<lt n. si...""1fl',le inch -

· nnct I will .he hcnrcU 11 Th•,so wh,· th~u·.tht thoy were li~tcnin;; t:> ...,no ,. mn,...n1 a hrJilst.in!! wore mistnken. It was 'bhc partioulnr stamp cl' 't!"'he

·:· .movcrn.ent t.mn.l'V~S the.J.r.1ol"'icn.n CiVU·l'rnr. One man spoakinr. anc! . evecyono roeo;:in~in~ thrOUBh hil:l' ·~lie nntlll'c . ~f thoi1' time$ an(.

their" ovrri true nature', · :

:!· .. · · !•:( wish t,. s;:.:r, t~rr.iore, thnt you hnd 'bottor, nU. Y·>U

pMpli> nt, th:o South, pl"oparo ;youl"sol•/os £·1r :l ·scttlomont .,f th:>t. quasti?n,· thilt rlust .. crlllla ·up '!or sottlor.tcnt so•>nnr than you :>ro .prOpnr"ccl for it •... The sp mor··you nrc pzopnrcc!."!Q!;'~ it tho batter.

. : Yqu .. Dlai. di~~~P~'so ·.lt.·po vcr;t ·o015Uy, •• but this qu~etr'i..,n iB atill t•.) ··. '·' '···IJ;

. Ji~,:·:. : .. •: . .... · .~o sot-~c.~.·.;·.,_thq .. e~l -~~ .th,at i.~ nJ~ .rob~" .. _This wns Jt)hn Brown .. "·"'·'·'·.d·:.• .; ... ,. : spo!ikirig J.n. lB$9.• . Everyone )'las·listaniur, now. In 1861 cMll< tho

:;,tr:·· h ... :·:···!:: .!~·:. ~~-¥vil ~ 1113nkit:td_ hns_·~avc~--~~own·· . · ·

~'· i·~·.::< ~:·-~~;-.. >~·.· .. :<:t~ ~~,;.· ·::.:~:~. ~ri~_(u10;.:;:;nstalt~y··~r~oni~~~~ h~:s· ~1 lifo in nOll . surr:rut\din;:s; vm-..lr! <!·> tho """"' ,.,.;,tlt ·hie e'1"UUI~ if ho !nlt he

•• 1 ~:: , , ! .......... "1' .. :n;or91.;a"bles.,. -~ti-;::s+o.vory ctovclr)J>Ocl tho avol'nt;c 'l.mcrienn•s dis:1nin .. ..·. J!"r::t ·:· ;;p1c! .~~l~toth~)~ .. i'•>r ~ovornmont huronuura.cy t.., its hi~host pitch.

• . ~. ~ :•: :: ~~~~~Q z::s~~ in J1~ml?rica has ~ver st.,m! up so porsistcntly anrl o!'!oatively ... ,. . . ~?r."~q.!!i•:nit,lr.<>£ h\lt!IM ooture, kn'IWin~ hirnool!' for a man, !ltll! tho

... : .,z··:.·,:;~: . oq'Q.ru. ·Pf\.~ ~~1 nll qovurnmont:s. In that. sonso ho w.1s the most

.;:' .·:·· : l~ •• :~q~~P.TI;~? :·,us ~-· 11 .; · · t i r.:.

:..~:;: ·'· •:· 1;;:·· . ' d1'ho~73ti.1S·.~pcakin~ 3-~rrut John BroWn .. .a;nrl ahnut erory ill!'lorican, , • ,

1 . •.. :.. He 1s·.not.. :a.:t."r~<t.,t.J ~r,lrSB this to its c'1nclusi~n; poop t1 r.:worn thoir

.: , ...,,. . . ·1Wn 11~voif ~1.:: th')~o"~f ;th!'t pol"tion n! hl.!r.l;mity cl'lscst to thorn. '" .', .,·, lf?jrOrfl'!ont' l)~ronucrMY 'l''!mae~ rlood '\>hin;:s, huoil,y protoctin!l itsolt

.(rom. tho soll'~1o'V'qrnin:~ h\o:sa.; ·· 1" •• •

'/:·

:••·· ,.; ...

:tl .. ; ··' .. ~ .. ' j ""':.

! I • ._?,.•; • t•" ...... ·.~~-~~ ·~·.·

.... · • , · . ~> ··. :. ·.r.: ·· ·· ...

: ,'r·· · . Tho i~t)ll-o o.r. ~h~:-:i:?;,tnti'y is no. rj.cldlo <liYl no uncortnineyo. Tho r.,-,, .possiJns and ol\.~l'i!:i,oq -~·>u1rl ho i'"UII\1' <loop ilisirlo tho anti-slnvow m1,-orncn:t#'• No. \'fhcrc·s.~.u;n~··· Tl'i!lt: wae Ga...?Tietonian·J~h,.,lition. ·.,;· .... :.,,' .. ·.'_,·J:,: .... ·:· .. :.: :!·:~r:···. . . ,: .. ·

I • ~ , .. I : I .. . • : ".!. . II : f' . i. •' ' ; !· ·(-. : . ... ,

: ..... : ... ·: .... . -2094

...... ... '

...

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-51-

ll - The. bocio.l.ist lbvcinont-

Thoro was n 1. such urc JLliJr:lnisin;; stan'!1 an~~ hence n) m .. 't7

rcl.:~.ti mships sot up in thg socialist r.l.'.lVcr.tont until nftnr it S~)lit int:;~ t\'/o, an~! B.llshoviet:l (C-,r:u:nmisr.1) -:;.nitintcrl the whit? chauvinist

. tri<ll.s that we c!cscrihor! carliur. 'I'ho peri,.! is irnj~:t::u:tt n·>t '?nly hoc;1usc n· n0r1. ruv:,luti mary f-'lrcc VIUS f )Unr! in n:r.wricnn S')cit.::ty ~ut b(lc<tusc ·a new r:t: th""lf. _jf cstahlishinG• r:clati 'ms;. :t ncVr attitur!c t·marrl tho rclii£~-mshl.i's ostahli'shcrl vms hamncr,·rl intcrn5lly, . insiclc thu rev.,lut.i mnry p:1rty. ·

. In this lies the ;;r the r,r >bbn. To establish n truly. hUrn<ln rclati an-!· 1C.'!r )CS r.1c.:mt nQt ·mlly· t:> hreak·fr_:Jm 11-::nlt'f!C~is s:lcicty hut .. t.) conccivc:.m.:!' t'? practice th(; new rcla"'ti mships syrnhOlic; of' soc~n.list· S·?CiOty. . . . .

I:t ·was n'J ncciricnt th.it ."J.S the'· '"'onur.unist PartY f!Ucrenbrrited, as tho epoch nf stato-capit3li5r.l in its Stalinist f,>m (l . .,r.d,natcd the p.lli.cy nn:! the life ~.,r thu .,nco ·ruw.:.lut.i.tin·nry·portyj s·,~·tho rolati 1ns hetwecn 'llhites and c,1:rl)es (lc:tcrieor.1tcd nl.On(~ with it~ D1k! separate hranches .. ,r Vlhites.af\~! '~c·;rocs t\l)[lonrrid ria:ht within ttro ·:c.F. in .. the capitol of this i.o:~perio.l.ist land. · . . . . . .

. :aUt. here :somoillin:J.· horrihly now appoarer!. It· wD.sn 1 t ·onlj that irelatbns M<l llo::roos · roflect<itl the prcju~.iccs of. capit<Uist · · ·tli<lt ·tho rcl"ti.;ns ·botwciori Nn~~roos "'!<'

... Ncr:r~iqs, .. ·,r_ hotvtoen ·No'l!l·;> lo'::iclors nne~ ~0 Nc~? tk'"l~Sr~s,_ 1!re.r:'t .. 9nO stop l•,.,er than that initiated ·.by. tho t.>J.cnted tenth or ciU'Oorist type 0f Negroes. The C.P. sprol!d its corruption oVQxywhore and kille~

. th~ :posit:Lvo,.·fontures of 't''ho Nol;l'o robolUon; ''It ·crciatod sucn c 1!!>!>os . ap 'l!cr>,jlllt!i.n · "nvi·s· •' :·ac combinnti·>n ·of ';, ·Iinck ti.iid ·1:\·'lirrti:hotloM ·­

:·.r:·· viho :i:s~·.couitsol-£ho:. How.;,s,.tO·'·Ilt·'lp''thoi>' ii':iht .ror their }ir:hts ),lRlCQ=::~n- ,~br.!:ca::\:iocllllS!l' 'B.talin:lisl:. ·lt'!sne,: ·~en:rip;!cd' Gli!Ss 'PeaS£ prcci,.,ly

-..·; .. ~·:; :~ •. zp; ,thq,.clo~iw: !Pori,ocl :of;:war·W!ierb ·hll·'il~~fs1o"'l·.#o ·£1rift~, •:: ··r;.". tn,·n :i .,.·: 1J~·;:,-•ir! :-r:.ht!::: _t;.·::' ."".11 •u'"''7,.:~ ··:-+';! ·'·'~··!·:. •· .·

· · ! ·:· . : ···''·'Loon ·.Trotaky·. ~'.'a o&tat::u~nc~tiptiln ':(!: •. th\ Niil!i'o''!<>~ii''*h thu revolution, an:! of that of tho vancuarcl p~ty; ··'For thiit' i'ods·>n

. ho der1~dod n~t alono n. !]enarnl attidudo, but spoCifie.J'. concreto ,.,. :.• 1-1 sqi)S;Lj>i:yi ty· .to: avcr)r:•phr-ilso' J:n ·tlhi~~. ·~"pt'ii;tu[lcq'·· .,;"" · i.n :mY wey

., Lrl.' ::·l.m;,>l'!tl:tt;: . ,fii:;ht!.:ln~:thoc mic!St .of.: t.bo :;;t,tue;rJ.o: bt' fiis'·P.ar~:L:throntonrl ..... wi.tl\t~pilct Ao ·;t.ohk'.timo: nut ~mako •llli isslt(J "Jl' tho supo~Lli•JUS usc

1 r_.,,; .i .. ~;J;ho• vr~.i'o~.f ~tcnt7t)•!J>y n·lo~do~:'oJI. 'tl;li>:- i)i:Jjio'lo;!.;tibll;,,";ir,~ · !Jurnhlllll. Ho did ·not r.oinco words· t"> ollp'oso' tho l:hauviiliat; ''il!oplicati !;hs in the usc of tho tmrd, Mel tile fact :tJ>a~ i1; cnul\: ~""~·. nn.ly fr·>m <>·~

. :!'i' , -.:PM.tY·:tM.t was M'O indigon,ms: aM1ltns· ''1"~,. ~ i~tor:tnJ: ·part .. o~ tho '""· . ·.· ,. ; ··-IJI!I!!P mmroment~ IJ4t.·thbu~ht it cliUlU lilalto 'rovoluti•ms··~Mm l;ts 14th

stroct.ioffi<ioB ·.ii>:•t.:rulltnttrur ;,r:tho Bronx~' ·And. ·tw:a 1.~"cicO.i:tJ:y whnt ovortook his own party. 1'his C•'r.•.c:cpt of. oloinl{ it fr~m tho outsi<lo anrl fr''"' above, loft its akin "" tnu1Ih that ~han it f!lun<l itsolf hn<Uin~ a convention in a hotel that bnrrocl Na:Jl'oos, it cmtinuoct With tho prncoc!lin~· "" i£ n<>tll"ing :lwl happened, r, it

· tho 11thascs 11 it would iasuo :fl"'')l;l that hnll wore m~rc ir.~pr::"t;mt. .t,....:. •• .:;..

than Lho oxo1mplo <>t 1ts :lYin clll.lousnoss. Frvr.t than on tho rq~1·>ns .,£ vthitus ~mel NoBr'JcS ill ita: party ~1PnCir=--orl ia tmtJ ~o c'.e•lZ"OO o..:c its politico.

• 2095

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-52-iJ- v1untor -rovJluti·m within tho r<.;vJluti,,;-n·

. .":'~··· .. '.: 'fuon l'IO. roach st~~o-c.:witUli~; :·nD:i:-va.·rty··st.atO, c:1l~l Ylor,

hyr!r·J:.~cn ·h"'lnh, it is: nl)vi•1us•:tnn:\:. wo htl.VC l'nnched ~ltin"l.tos. ·.io nrc ..... nJ\v-.<:~.t .tho' stil;~o vthur\'} all univursa.l qucsti U'IS aro J~ntt.ur :Jf c-mcroto

ur~cncy f..,r society in· ~cnOZ.il ·as well <lS r~'r every' _inrl.iviudnJ., f'.)r·. tho intornnl life ,>f tho .. ,o.rt-.r as \roll :1s :>f its·· oXtornn l rol~ti )OS. f>tato-cai)italisr:l is it!llllf :th6 t~)_t:JJ.·c,mtrar~icti.m'.:: ... In it nrc c mcen­tratori all tho c:mtra:.!ict:i:.J~.,f .rovPluti:m anr-: c',)untcor-r:Jv·Jl.uti·m. Thu h~lust thin1; fr,r nn .old rarlic;:ol is to s.aai ¥hil~ .. this num'ls hir.t nnd his party. l~nrl yet. tho n·ist: r9V')ltin,~· incir!Cnt. I have ever witncsscrl nccu:r:Tcrl ri·~ht in n. 5'1-cal.lccl rov:>luf.inmry party, i;.~ho ·r~P. 'l'his inci1lcnt :.shnll mNn:.~ fnr ~ot h<! causa it is an· 11 i·rlci,lcntu such ns ~!is­into·rr.:.ltes a pr nct.:u-i:m p~rty • .11.5 Lenin put. it when ho S}V'•ko of the differences hotrr•.:mn ~talin and Trnts!cy', it raey ho a 11 trinau bu.t it is thu kin•! <Jf trifle thrlt r.\i ·~ht hrin~~ ~'!:'1\·m tho <~iC;tJ.t'1rship of the pr:>lotorint.

This is it. Onn Ne ~r' tle!ilhcr vrh•' happened. t., v.Ti tc that he .a~cnr. with ·'lur tem!cncy c liXI:L.ttc:! s·mo Minor infrti.cti.)n ">f rtisci:;llinc. It \'135 a questi··m 'l!' puttin;; ctffim 11 thu linc11 .:uyl disciplininr: hin. f But s:> ·:roc.t was tho lcni!orshi:>s anir.nsi ty nC ou~ tcnrlcncy, that th~W r.li3ht just as wall have hrt>t(':!ht rnpo an~ fa·n--:>t. Tlmy f,1rrpt !t~~t-·tho pa"""rti~ul:n- inrlivitir~LJ.l was, _oft.-:r au.: .. jus:t an avcrac;o .lf~~~ st~~cl·vf~,r~or, .,nc ·~f lnss thah_a han•1ful, ip a sea -,r white

·" t: .flJ.C:4.6· ot:aut. with· ,th(.l ln.l.rp•JS(l lito put· hir.\. lu his :-t-Jlacu". The. wh 1l~ c:Jnvpnti ')n. -.•,ns Slifl;\enly. c?nv~rtod intv an an!lo:~ camp. No, they hnd nl') roal bl't1S, n·Jr state .flO't/ar, but s~ hr'lstilo wns· the 2.~0SjJhore,

· s:, shrill·thEi ~pooChes, s·) c::.to'g:oric the lino, ·that ~.wonr!erccl .'110\'T ·l'·· hravcd .thQ ganu-up and rosa t:> r1ofcn:l.hiilsolt'.instc.:lrl of just runnin3,. {No.t .. runoin~; .. yml!til').r;) out o£ tho "nca,rost Qxit. Dut our WorkQr rnis f.lp.rtc ~rnri~ ~tufT -than·. these wild pcitty-b~urgc-:>is,

:• nn:l.stonc! Up sin31Y' .(;:To know nothin1; of .. the incirlont.) not al1no · . ;:.':

1 ~t;:;.' dcfonr:l· hims-elf hut t., ·procl::dln his ass:.,ciation WJ. th: tJ:l!) to •lcncy ~

• . 'Tho h:rusc br.Jkc 1-:>oso .. with hystori.~. Ho.t·-a aitlr;lci le;~19·r:r..,sc t·'l .. tell .this•dOminarrfWhi-t.o sqciOtjr ljf putYy-baur3cnis to cQln rlOftn. -~-1~ r~ its=a~?ui-s$ l?~t.-f.inally'was rafal:refl to-:a::~all'q:(~'i.:bpndttca

!o_r a.ction. · • ·. ·· · ·

nu)ro I sat on tho 'Pl:'ltfol'T.l: - I was LLb•1ut t:):.ctobhtc Cu~-,lidr,:o on tho ~ho·Jry ._,r ~l:lc. "?:;rq Qu~sti6n :.:.. w:,ndorine who.'f:. ~;;.,:the usc, what is t ~·.:~oa_r~ pf·the<>ry when n s~c~l~d rcvoluti-.~tA¥i: O!;JJa.nizati')n can c•)r.to ao· clns.q t., cv:>ki~l1 · n lynch ··spirit ... ·This Wn~ s~c ·3 yenrs after tho diopu.to ttrr>und tho HarlEl.'il. onrl.- Dctroi t ri·)ts· and we TIOro rn;i)~int: t.,.-.a 'sho_vtdr.i\V.J.:l1.: l ~Ic -knci\•1 tha~ Wh...'lt ~ms rictu:lily i'nv~Jlvod 'II:JB nothinr. las·s than ·~he, roar!! to ·tho llll\orican rovnlut.i >n M'\ tho:Ltro hroko .,n that-·Wit.h: 'tho_so,.pettY';.;.hourtt'>O~. phrasor.Jon!olis ~ · .. :· ..

. . ,_.·.·:..•,;'; ·-·to.·.-~·· .!'1·:: .. ;."li': . . · .... · , .. Irhol;nti:·ms···,f'·V!Iii.·>us I..vonr·in OUr Uwn·<>ri:aniz~ti·>n '···· ·

' I• ~·-:.,·!- ··:,~·~,;.•\:··~- .,_._,,,:·: ... :;'""·•· ..... ·, Control",\'" t >. al,l ,,thor rarlical, ·crou]>in;;s. Wh:J ho l;uj. l>y· isauine,

· rilar:df'nstr'ls···o~ ·iih~t, thO -wo:rkcl.~.ts · -lff'lu:ihtu t . .,. id'l, vm t:.nk n ~enor:U ' p .>litical <lodis;i >1\ • .first f.j,~l n>;ar.>~no ~.ur;>clvos <JJ'l<! tho. 11!-st;Jry or

· .o.tl!qr ,')r:;mt~Z:~'t-.f:nl~. ~'.l \'10 ·:sdi(~·,··Uct ... ~~ .firnt· rtllt·.·ab-lUt. OJJ..""§o.l.'O'cs. ·~"fa .ox_ruU-nOtl-:.!J~S(_llvos i'.or _!l:.~·o:r. -o.ntr a..h.al.i";,, ·~:~ .. n'>W' Vm ;>r.>p·Jso t•)

do enrno vury·~sirni,lu ~hin11S•· l'hoY .. a.T.P ·.m.ly:;tw~·~n m.mhor. Nl~vor-thal.cao, tho:r .'""9 .. tot.all;r 'unfil'ocU<1ontud in tho >'ll<!ico.l.. "'"'"' klnt..;i.n ... lt.r.lor.ic.a..· . Those nrc;

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One. ~Jo h·1li! t•> puhlic View· n ,t just 0ur p'>licics, hut iUr intor~relllti "mS: bCtVICCn l"ankS <lnrl• le.nflOrs, hetwocm lnnrl~rS .:1nd leaders, bctrrcOn ranks w.r, ranks, hc"tt';ocn the -"'r·~."mi~nti 1n ."U1'1 its periphery ·>utsif!o. ~fa rb 5'1 hccn.uso ne ch n·,t l<tnlioVP. th~t rrc1 .:1ro i.r.trnlne t-: the provnilin1 chnrnctor ·>f tht~ ep·1ch qf st~ti.:­C:l~1itnlisr.l n.nr! thor-:::f.>rc wish t1 s.uhmit ""'ursnlvcs t~ 11 c~.nst.:mt check '!l.:tth hy >ur :r;m rnnk <lit?. file aM n.l.s? by the vr.-,rkors :~utsitlo. 1'h.oy nro the .·mly ·>nos vlhoso r·)lc ·in }.·r.,(!ueti m <111'! hom~o wh•Jsc r.1cntnlity is c >n;,lctely, utterly .:md t.ltally '1pp::~scrl t·l t!W­harhariSl:tS .,r CiljJi tnlist pr.)(\ucti.Jn and. s jcinl rclati~ms. Our rclnti Jns ravc.:U, we h·.>po, the pr.·>IJlotlS tho rr.?rkcrs thcmsulvcs 3Tl:l pr">hin·~ ttith ootho~!s ·1f their .JYm, Ue 'h1th, in cl.iffcront ways, aro cln...rifyin~ f 1r ,ursulvcs tho p':'>litics .1f our a'jc.

. 'l\'t'1. ~"/e pr·.)p:JSC t:1 p\tlJ1ish-oa .. po.por _.th~t is ·Jf, fffi artr~ ~ the l1 >rkors but which. at the snr.to tii:J.o incorp'>:ratos w , n it tllc historJ, cxpcrionCos ::irl. pri.nciplps Jf 100 1cnrs ·.>f- I.i~ml, which iS the · .ihc-?rotic eXP;r:cssi·>n of tl1o·_Struirtlcs and :lSpirati;ma· ... ,r tHo worlrt 'wnrkingclnss .5!§. 3. #tll-Stn ~To h·>l>O thcrohy th,lt it'\. its ·pa~cs

. tho~c:will he ~ 1iv:Il}:ij _.rc_llf' _ihru _·vir..rarit kr.lorican_w.-,r~in~clnss whoso Vlli·ce ovol"y·lhe ·a~rjarl vrill-111sh ·t.a haar .. a.a r.1Ueh as. tho t.tasscs "tlerc4 Hnret~f·>rej' the ·ot\ly ··~ci~idtih v.i:lc6 thn · Eur·woan atr! ,i.Bintie 11iassos

: :have hoar<~ iS' '.that ~f:· the. State Deplll'tr.lcn:t :lli~l ;t-he· la'1·>r lntrcnucrnts · !!Wnrnitv, .:;11· over· Eur·>po an<! dccoivin~ tho wirlt~~s thot'a·.os .. t~ tho c:Jn~1,t::ms <?f:tho wOrkers helrct !lbon huroaucrnts~ liko:-~faltdr -· .. ; ltouthor. .and· Ixirih~ Br::mn' !incl. .~i>ve'strmo i!?. to ;_Europa D.nrl: J~sia- they

. ~" t-o Eur.>pe· nn~ .. s.il>' .~o' toll'1h:m the "!'JJiiriean w~rkers: lin<!. froe ont.or-;)riso ~-as 'if tlioso two -Jppositos woro one unity;·-~ ·hnva· crcatorl

... . tno . .., •. t 'fl!)ndor£ui' ~~titiqm:l. 1i vin~ i:otv!i ti<>ns ;·· 'l'hoy 'tell' th?"" -· nothin.~ o~ th£J. stt-'\lrnl~s.; thp :~oxokors . .h/lvo. wi ttl_ tho so huroaucrntli ri:!ltt.•hero. in t~s· Q.,lintr,y.,t))..t.. ·iS ev~n !JI'O\ltor thon what tho British w..,r.kors hmro -~ol'o' with' J .. ttlCcf .~1. thai~ ,_hiri.la.l,or.. hltro:luor::ata •

.. ·: ,, •• •• • ." • • • •• 0 ' .... ":" ._.. ' ••• ,! . \. • . . •

. . ·!io'l>ndy has to1c!''tiio El.ir.1pO,\ln Workars. one wor<\.o.b•JUt this •. · This is 'tho: ~.Qdt vlicuum·wh1ch··th1·s pp.por hC>pOS· to fill •. : rio have· hai:t a

. ~6~~i>&')EE~~~c~'"~ ~~~ ~!f;~~ ~~ap~~ ~o ~~i~~~~~~. tho printed wor'l' ant!- nn eXp1J11rloc! vnice.. . . .. . :' · ·. ,., c.: :

: • .. . • • ; . . • : .... ' ,- •• • : - : ' - ; ' ', ' • : j ••• '":' .. ··:: :~:i ~ .: · ·. · l ~ Tho 'Lifo oi' OUr· tlr~u")>1im 1111C: liolnti:~ns .In lt'· · " :•

' • ' • 1 . •• . 1 ' • • • '!.' . ' .. , :! ... _. ' ': .. · 0Ur 18_:m.Jnths -Jf·OXi."S~On!=O:mi ui1 iftdo,\).ur..:ltJHt :r·lUllin·;:.C_~11lO to a c1:!J>Jox this' JllllUDr,y wi tll . .n .l!leotin1. >f ~e leadership which \vos open ·>f ·c;lUt'so t'l the r.mrnbot'shi.,,. ·: Tht:(_~,oliticn.1:_roport .>f:·thht -~-ithdrin:; f'e"V'c'nlocl tho r·>lll'r.iillf nchioveoonts n.nr! pr'ljact.s.: .

(1) ~·ra. hn!:c o~_o_to1~ nJ!! _ox_to.nrlo•-l 1ur.-.i~;t~~;_n.m?n.; · o. poriphor,y . >f w~rkprs .. nml. rov,1Uti,>nary ·l'OtW~•>ia which has made n?saihlo ..,ur first JlU-.,lico.t1·m.. . ..., .. :· .. ::.:

·. ·: · ;e. (2) ·'l'ho' pllblicntion 'elf the lito ·st·,ry >f " lleiti> ·W>rk~ or""" ·n 1~ ~ri tho 'hl.iit-'1')'-i>f· th~ ·Jlr.luricl>n \Yorkin·(cl.'nsa l'l•>vo~ r.\Qnt.. f<>r .. 1t .was n story >f tho'J!rolotaria~·,.. .. r,r: tho ;>r·>lotoriat.; hy ~ho pr:>lctllrint which hns n·>t so«h tho 1~ ;h1; ,f. r~ey prnvi''lllsl.y'. · . · (3) \'To hnvo · puh~is)lod COhl<ESP.ONDENCE~ ... wory tw:nro;,ks wh:l.cl>, with nll its oh:>rtcor.Jin·:~ •. is tho .. bnsis·f~t·. tho l!loth·>·t vr~·h~pe t..-. uso -.tn. ~>u1>J.ishint: tho pni>ar ns ·nv,-,rkors P9-HQr. - • · · · ·

(4) On tho pt'oaa nro "ll tho p:miJ>hloto with. the ncmo

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·~mJ.itios mrl uhich The Y>uth

-?4-

· (5) Thn Gst:lhlishnent ·1f a sch:>-tl Yrhictl w.~s cr>:lltvl

O\lr thirrl l·!yOr has rliSj_ll3,YC'i ill its Str:.t:; a.~ in th:-: 5•.,p first O•lW fin~1 O:<_il'nssi m in: ·~) The n-:ln,J.n 1s Po.."l:_lhlGt, 1)) Panphlot, c) The 'str.u ;.;lt: a;:dn~t. t·hn lah·1r 1,11TC<U(:rncy ..

t '-~nthcr 1'·1r the pur;11SC: ,f er!uc-.tin ~ tnc intnllcct.ai!l l.ii1r ... (''i!;t lna:i­orship ,,f the "r ~ani:r..'\ti-m. Other sch vds ass,:u1hl~} t' u•htc -~te the puJ>il:s.. Ours :tss..-:!t11lu:l t 1 crlJc tc: Vtc t,t; ... ch;)·os.

The hOJnrt nt~!1ti mod t•1c .c:hiovc,ncnts, h.tt s,;cnt. it.s t.irMl, efr 1rt, an•1 an:tl.ysis n 1t. m these. luitc the -::·mtrar;. The wh 1lc :ttt,itur~n :m•l air~ vr.~a t"':)~xrnsc thr: ,m·llmcs:H:S 1f the ··r ~anizatLm, an: 1•-'lrticu­larly its lu r1t~rshii"'· This t~'[ q' nXp:'lsuro h:.•l n)thin~ il!l.t.cv.:.!r t,) d} with the sup.-!roili·.;us ntt.l. ur c S·l ch.u·;,ctcristic 1f ·,thcr ·:r-...,upin_;s lf 11 rfc c.Julrl h:IVC rhno M1l'C, V1:!1'0 it 11'>t f 1r thusr. •J!)StJ.clcS 'Wcr Vlhi.Ch

\'T~ h;.•1 n1J 6mtr1l11 • lh, this lt:.s ·vory nuch'the t)j'l.l">Sitn. it;; t:.l'nsa.-!•l that t.ho ?TrJ . ..:kncsscs -ll'n -,ryJ.ni.c, that is t·1 S<JY .,r .the vnr_-., 1r·~anisM 'lf the po?.rt_;r .;S <.:::qlrns:.:ed l.ll l.ts lc~·-dcrship. This is nr)t to he ~1 J.SSC':

:1ve~ an·! kc_)t sucr:;Sanct :'.S ·~ 1 lthor r·•tlic::J. !r•upin :s iuit:ltin ~ thn l\ "'IUr·tC·liS ncth "'cl, N-"~, thi:J is t'l ho i olCCt! 51\U'!roly :m{l f:1C:C 1! n·lt \'Tit., an <l'ititurlo .>f "letts '-~'> n·1ru, he rnrr; acti~o~~-~_nnsi:lerln:t·'lur nurt\.>cr, wo ha.ve rhnc ouch· t:1) much .'ll.rcady-hut· r."lthar· with ~ jJr.-')lct :ri~n, ·lr if Y'lU rd.sh, .m hb-'1liti mist, att.itu•'il ;>f rn 1r ~:mizin'~ lUrs:::lvo:J._ This r.l(!:;ns rce·J !ni'7.in~: n">t .Jnly thf!t the ccnt(!r .,!'· :-:>11 -lu1· ttm 1rios anr~ :v:­tiv:i:tios is the. w:1rkor in ·toncrnl, •m the outsi•~c, ~nt t~•~t int.c:rmllly thP. ..,<dJic :nurcc .,r pr qr,~ou <1f tr,o· ''>r.~r.nizo.ti··m, in i t.s 1r,aas, 1-n l.1~s thc-·orics, in·its _nflxt c mcrote s"t-.!ps, f'1r tho,rotici<~ .:!•~v::ncP- .-:11(! .,r_­::aniz.:.ti:,nnJ. nqth 1d1 tnncs. ;,ud c;..:n 1nly· cone fr.,r.l ~hn thirrl ltl,I'Ol" in the •)r-;anizati m.

It is· nocos::;:u-y t' hiJ h >th tt1J:nrr1tic unrl C·mel•oto. Out• tr ;uhlc-s steM J r ln ~ltc _>ro' ·;Uli'n ~ _charat:tcr ·lf_.

11Ur opnctl, ~111(1 th<:4·nf. lrc Na ~JUSt

1,, •k .1t th.tt first ·11' .:-oll. -Tlla the ll':f ·,f statn·c:t;Jit:lli.st:• t!O t.11c t=u:~-lry '1f tho n:xl~rtt.W·,rlcl h. is rr!Vcr.lot1 tho rclati msi1i.1·1 -·~otwn: H the aT:±t.·ifi­c·.:.ti·m >f :>:t'·lrtUcti·m .lilt\ tho rov 1lt of thEJ J;1;\S~l1S. !i'rm•:t that, J'l·lll' .:1ll •Jtl-tcr rblnti "')nfl-··hntwmm thn'll-')liti'11ol. jl~lrty- ;.u:ul the ,., ,rko •. ·s, l,ct\·.·r.•c.n. t'1.u Unl.'m· hurnaucrc.:.c"y unr\ tho wts.s. Tho tho,~ ;Jf Dtntc ~·J.;lit.Ui_~n o .mltl •)nly havo 1m•.n h ,ru wi.t.h tno cx15tcucu ')t statu cn-,it:·lisn. Dut tw''l _ rlcc .. r'o~ l_:nr n·~ 'thn _tho·:n•Y tho pr·1film11 w.~s 1''19er!. t

:. ::f.:· · ... ·It w .. s first ,J•lSerl l,y Lenin in i920. . Thrco rlr;o..l'los hcf:)ro it '~e-·.·,· ,·,,: · :;;, -~ e:111n t~o pr ,l?lon· .lf th(] w•JJ:~_r1._ :. s :1 wh 1lo, ·it hr~,4 r.1lrt>ad;r ':me -n_a t~a •r::·­

. ~ ... •-: . ··h.l-e1n .-,f ltus:.;i-.;.·:-pt'l'CiBlllY l'x:ic;:.~\\iSo_•.-thnro tho Yt'lrk'll'S· h~rl al!~o:t"ly· :tchicvod ·. .. · ~ · ·;·~t..:.t.e \?1!\'t~r, unrl Y·lU ·h.:l_cFt.:, .. -~:ot ·rl TNn t,..., t.hn ,_,ml_r.,ck ·)f tho oc·"~n m~t·

-; . . ·· 5PiCo' .t:•. w:.s i'n Ut,,or t::hJ:Ja ilt tim orr'. •lf tl·W-.,rlr' Wt.'.:', :: civil m•r, atd. -!n :ttt.ack '\" .:Ul·f.r·1ntn h:r w ,rl•! ifl;_mri:alisn, th~ rmeAti·'n w. :f!.; ~~!!2· :·

In tH».11Jhlot #1' y·lU shw tho r!i,ffr,rcnt .lm .. ,.r·.~rs ~Viln t, this ,Jt''l'-~lmn ~u it .'lp ;o:.truc\ c mcrotol.Y in Husr.ia hy tho t1if' nrnnt. ton~1tmcim, vri.i.~1in tho ltuS.'iinn C:lrt•lun,.st Pnrt.y-tho .'lnswor&. '-~i vcn hy Loi\\.n, 1'rntoky- a: n! fihJ.y.";pnik!lV. A.t tho ~~:~:ln•·in·: -,r tho s•!r.ti-m .,n "'Ur Vm 1cy in thia '):11'1-. 1hlo·~, YfO· ruotator\ -tho uu;mc:.-.s · S thoy a1p•lillt~ in ':llner:~l t·1 tho l'h­

Jectivo situo.tiJn. ·Wh:1.t we n·m wish t~ rh in t•l "PVt~ •wen• t:, itu 'at• ·li-cat.i.:,n t·J w 'rkurs .lr !nn1:So.ti ms, ;:J4l:ticul:U:J..\• 'lUl':l. · - .

Wo <I> this l'>r t,w, ro~s >ns: (1) Th~ w·>rlrl anrl n:.tbnnl uituati'>ns ···· ···· · tiX§tlr~n us. h11t wn .~ls ,· uY.pl.nn the YNrlt1. !J:i.tua.ti:m. In tho iAnl.ivit.y . . ' .......... ,;_ .. . -·· ... . ...... . ......

2098

•

. I

-55-:mr' nnalysis "''f' -,ursnlves t.hol'vf ,ri! wo illurnin:!tu tho w-,rlci t~.n•1 nati:m­al situati:m. (2) It is the 1)r •hlem ·:acicrl hy o£cry w )rkers "''r -::~niza­ti-.,n, wl-tutncr it h_...s 11mor like StW.inisra, is s ru·;i~lin~ f 1r p M•.1t' lik1.~ t!lc .Dritis~ _Lalnr Party, 1r is like ;urs :lvos, a sn.~ll. >r ;:~ni.Zati-1n t.,nrin~ t? cl.:!rify- VI lrkcrst p 1litics. ·

~o.-Thn Tria."l a£ Int~rnally an ?r~a.nizatim h;.s thu sh::pe ·1f n +~rian:ln. ht thfl

sirlcs .,f tho trian ~lo ;u•c the.: :nliti:-:;.J., intollcctual loar'or.ship :mel th;so ltith c··msic!erahlo trade U"i m oXjlQriont:r. whiln :-J.t the t':J.Sc is tho rank an·! file.

Lenin w~..s the! first t > ~~·1sc t.l-to rcla.ti '"lnship ~mtwr.-: n rnnks ;IO!l

lc; 'crs, ;:s Vlcll 35 \mtwcrm t!lo p~1rt.y :.Jlfl the hl.sn~:s ~"'~n thn nutsirlc, as a trian ~ulnr r;~l;:.ti:mship. ·

In th\se (lhyS t 11C B""'llshcvik p<.U"ty C'>nsistr.rl· n·)l'e 1r las.·· ·1.t:'· thrm; .:f·lr~<!ti ·ms.:

. One,.· the pnrt"Y,,. an-! ;Jurti.cul:!rlY. the pUrty lNtcJcrShiil.r B )lshcviks1 ·

intcllcctu,;tls f)r.the t'! 1st ;>ru•t .>r 1·nrkcrs ":"th":: h.~.d· hcc•>mn B""'llOhcrik:; a,nrl u~~·~>Cl;~tcrl l'/it.h t'lc.loc.c'crship >n' .m ~lfl.U~ f·1 1tin·.:·. TheY Consti-t~tcn thr. ln:Jlor.~hip ·Jf tho rcv·>luti.:m. ··

~-.J~ thu~1 wore .t1·aclu uni.-,nists. Wh·., unru "lnar}e.L'S · . .,f tlui ·mrty ~mt they: woro sa _for 't_h.e m >s~ y1rt l?o"C.~i.l:JCi~ th~y vmr,;:_ :i:Ooiclpl'S in: tfi"c. trQr!.<: uni•ms.

w"lth l.nrl three, thrn·o Wt!rn tha nasscs ,r .··the ~w_?i-k~~.s 1 : ,t~o. 1~~ullt 'a~~}~ file:, n·') mc;Jerioncc.

It V' s ·f'·'s"r1 n )t, ..ts ~ 1:1 rolt:titlr.!!tti.p :~!: · ~~.ks ;.:i~ "lc;~~:r!: 1 hut :.•.s ·a trian ~ular rnlati•ms.hip. ·>f t•nnks 1 loarlors ·nne! tra~!c uni·mistS1

. whCther .. ,r · n•lt 1.thcne ''Ol,""O :Jl.sl') i,u t:1o "lo;i.r1ox•ship1 hoc•.tisO·ltith· thO atlhiovor.~ont ~r s~ate .prrirut~ :tt~ot·C~ w,.s.:a ~!)iit 1)~ttYI4~~- thc··Tri1rkin;~ ~ • .. ni,;ati,>ns anrl tr ll'ke;rs. intorosts. · · ·

·-----···· .. ~--.. . ----. :·--·-:~ ...

2099

' / l

··:·.

-56-B•Jlshoviks wh<>Se ·lri 'in vt..:s ·that •lf t·1c ,,at~tv-1"mr •c·1is :~r.·' Yth >:;c -,c.­C\l•)ati.)n vr ... s ""tl'V.:.t ,f J.ntcl.lcctu~l, iJ -.!l.tlc:li'o:l;lc s111,l. 1'1)a1:-TS~~~.: c.;,uscl £·1c torke .. ·s o.r!m 1t Just £11c l'qrkorS'Iil""9te::I >r ~Ut'l Jr t.:-.xtilr]s, '"1ut thew 1rko.·::; as " cl..sS vtit~ a futurn 1f lil.,oratin·~ nll '>f hur..;.nit·r. S-1 thn t .wh~n·t!asthC rfd<!ti·ms!Ii_,. hcf.wecn party ati'' t'10 r-:::o~ nust ''(! a

:~1rrnct Jlm .1r ttli! \'t,rkcrs·:stntc c '~·'"fl{j"~'~~~~~~[~~~~~~~ Lenin sto.ifl that it Vl:lS 'ltl ml'! ,u'Jtcrl r.1.ct tti:lt S.·wict H:us:dn w~s ..1

w trkP.J'S stn.tc. Ucvcrthclt.'s~, thn vorkcrs uust h<~vc .. wov t > ,•r lt.i!ct the!.lS~lvcs n.:~~inst th~i:i· """ st:,tc nml thu tr;!dc uni ·ms "''"'l~f..l m•J 5..1C)J ">I' ~:m. But at t~c s:U!IC tinr:, tha t.r;~•lo ani ms nu::;t '·CC ·r.1r:: IIsch) ~1~ ,. C"1Tl" runj.su 11

, a transmissi · m 11(!1 t t·J th:l ~>-'lrty. Tho ,>.::.rty lo<J:·!cr:;!'!i;.: rc~.>rc.:scnts the ranks, 11ut t'w r:~nks nust h:.vo '• Ymy t:1 ::(~ :ri.lit..nt i'l .t:x,l!·~·s~in t thnir attitude: t., tht~ let.!r1c;rshi,;> atvl be :!.5 sr:<JUrc: :.J.S i5 n•:­CHS:HHy. They r.tust 1~c free t;l s.:w, WJr, (lm•t. vrish· t1 w1rk vrith t.his an<·! this ~unch >f lrur:JwJcrat:; .u 11.nc1 finally the pitrty r·mst :Uw."lys h•· 1·~~r?y t~ subni t its w:>rk .:!!....! !'!£ checkorl 2r J!h£ l_'l"'m-part,y ~.

That is the sinplir:ity, pr..>fuwlity anrl vtsi·m >f Lenin in l'J26 • . That is t 11o pr.,hlcr.~. f~tcin-: us toclu.•r, ifl ''lllr .,r·~~inlzati•m •

•• • j' ; .. ,

R-'i'l-tc Trian:;ular ltclati-.,nsl-tip in Our ·or·.;~iniiiiii.·ni

~7c t·n t~rc diyl,~lecl.i,nt1> .thron :r')upin :s, n·l n.1tt~or wht!t tl)o s"l::: •..,. =.:in fS arr~ !lCt.Woc:n. Thcso nru:, · · =· ., .. :

: ·:·,. '1) .The ·trnitaorl 'p:trt,v ioadnrs,. tim j,ntc!llcct.u:U:;, th\l "lncs wh•> ."lr•tnn:i;~qrl: .. t.!:lc thc:n.y· :lf the .u• .. ;anizati ·'" ;ln•l ..:Un·, •lir! th~ :pr~ctical w lrk t1 Ci>r~'Cfl~!l•Jnr! to tho l')r ;•~ni~in ~ anrl p'l~ml~ll'lzin:r ·Jf thti

...

tho·1ry. : · ... H. .

·. : · · 2) :t.ls'> in· :)ur' • .,r ~u'niz:J.ti:-Jh thfll"' nrc • the tr.::.~1 r~· urrl:·m .:H'q.:..ni<z<J.tion:;' r .. nd th ;su cl·J.s1isi:.· t.~;· thorn. . . : . . . . . ' . . ' . . ' . . ." . . . ; ,. . . . . . .

3) 'fuel·o. is··tiio .rnilk nne•. filo" vr;rkor, or, th·lSC Yth.l l'C;ll"'Sont. tho J:lllS~otf 'JUtsic!Q,. i\()§tJ.Y· ,Y'lUII.,'

tho w•wknrs in

tht~ thir·: L~y­JIO·i,lltJ, th(i

lt:>laon, rn.nlc .:lm~ ~~lo No,:r·ms, am! .1-~~o y_:1ut11,

·· : : . ~·h~t iD '\"lh.t;t nUr· :)r ~;mizati.m CtHisists. nr·:. hnfl t!lO · %'1Jlil.ti·lnS11i·.; 1;wtvu1r.n thow su.:tils .n<"~W· to ho· thO ko.Y t.-, :>Ul"futtiro ., .. 1 ., :l''tsr.. Dofu·c:;;·

·vm · ;r:'l r.. 5 1:-0p .furt!lc:r, w., ~t:,vr: t.~ nl:tril',Y;· WO hn•ro t.r, clt~.d.fy wtla't tl-t:'lt. rolati:mr.hi,, ·.:!..S "in ·:oncJ"'al. · ... ,

. . .. . '

~'lc h;i,c t, lwuTt. to c.nt .. hlish '"that pracia'ol.Y. ;_it is nt tiC·t~:~r rn 111CIIIt. ' , • . • ; '.,

_ .:.-~!!~ J.-.~9!-'., :'lf tho ludr~lli'Dh'ii·!·;· ·tho· uni .. !n}l~Clt:it:nts :mtl tho third luyar, ~h.!'\~ .is. •rhr:t \Vo huvn. ·~·) lo,iJ•n t., S't3tt tho tn~;tnni:'.nti 1n as, n

'wh·llo c.,natitutort .lf thosn •Jir.trts...... ·

N-n7 tho· lon•lorship 'in!1i.rln t.hiS tri.an ~ulnr' r•Jlnt.i 1nshi;} ho~B ,,,,n.; auf· icicmt n·,t· •1nly in ·thQ' p~:st 'Jnit 'in rucont· tines t.n ost:~',)J.oh it:~ clnir.1 t., c·,ntinuoc\ lr.•tu!nr~lrl:p ·t~w' t 1 h:tvo t.!m,t ·rq·:ipni'!t fl"'li'l tho r.l:tlm . .. ~

·: ' .,

2100 I ,,

•

'

/ t

i

-57-

VThich c1. lr!nrlorshi> must h:tvc ·in :w·!c!" t) li';rul. It n Jt -'lnly •lr ;anize:d thc-lrcticnl.ly nnrl ;lru.cticaU.Y until vte lC.f't t.hc ·>l1! ·>r {ani:~oti·1ns, it n 1t ·mly lo•.l with ::;kill the st:·u·:·:ll's vtitllin the '>lt~ ·tr ;nniztJ..tims ::n thnt \'n: t•>lk frm thcr·, uvar,;rthin; rro C>uld an•llcft tl:co n1thin;. It h .S !lCt:U l"CSJl'"JnSit,lc fIT ~Jll •llll" .ll"1jeC'tS. l rlm 1t Want t> t·tk(! :my­thin·; r:J"I:J,V fr.,n t•1c jll"'llnt:n-iun aut~ncs !lUt t:w lmu 1orshi~' s:.J•r l-:i-l;:t •·r~s n-!cc.sso.ry . nc' t,., lk tllr.: nccnsuotry stc.,s.. T!lc lHarlcr~hip h:1s s·n:K!thin-; clsr: t1 its ere· lit. Our s tlitnr:r !n"-1lntm·iiln .KU1,:hlct, it h:!r1 t."' in­tervcu~ :~01! pr.,tect that i>l'llnt,1ri~m jl<ln1•hlct_. it h.vl t, intnrvcnfl nml ,,r,tcct thn•. 1>l""llctari.:m fr .. m hcin: sn:.shcr! trt hits hy first :m'! scc1n·! lnycrs ;_mel even fr·>n S·>mc >£ the tJ-o.irrl lnvCr. ~"' ii' thilf;. ;·tar.I:Jhlnt is l'that it is, it is h~c use the ·":_o:l•!ershi;l vrua -~n ~:tr·~ t1 ;1r·ltnct t.ne writer. S1 in :ot1ercl, h.1th in t'"lc ,r,y nnd c ,ncret-1 r:ct.ivity, thfl lcn..-1-,,-~rship h.~s sh·JWnwhern it s··:mrls in rc ;nrr1 .t·> the_ r~nks ~nrl its c;l;,a-ci~y t"l ~irlc the ·w;,~nizati·m·in the C'Ji-rcct VTt1'y.

It is true the lcarlorship h:.s thcsl~ a,cc'"JIJ._,lislmcnt:o :t·) its CI"l·:~i t, . hut it is ;11_$'.> truu. thrlt tho· .l9P .. dorship, is in ·trnv~. c!nn:er -,.(_ sliruinr-;

int., the· :::nne ~,it that· thO ·1narlcrshi-ps" :jr thP. :ll•l' ::ir :. niz.:lt-i "~ns have fallpn in. Our, iS·>lati·m.. £r·.>m .the r.m~_st~s iniJo.llec! us. :11M >St at mr ~,irtn t:,. ! 1 ruSli-.t;~ f)l"-~<mizC•!._ the _,·ni-koi~~-; hcf.-.lr() .. a\rcn we -'har! 1urs~;lv::s ·n· :anl.zorl'; .. It iS true thL!l:. the attempt: w~~S ii~ru:,shor1 hef·:>re ·Hvr.r it was .1ut int) .cff.cc·t, hut,it.~s-_:~ .. f .. tct t~>:tl)t.c, n·1t .. t·) fl_!·~ot. SP.c·mrJly there w:~s. il. trin•lcncY t'; ·return t.-; •>tttar (,r ;nriii.!ltions r l)r·. VIC have in :>uJ.• qr.;aniz~ti·m fv£ry ·.s >Cial tYpe in s·)cicty in tCJif~rnl anrl eve~ ten­dane{ in the rnv·1 u 1 .. m~vonaut 'sit:lcc. its inbcpti.,n _Qt tho UJ.t•tfi"''i" c:l•l?- al.isn. ~inco this .. noarly _crliT,t.illte•! a: wh"jlo hx":J.Och· -,r thi::! .'l~·.;uni­zat~on, we hol~c. ;1rint the ~ · rf .:uialyfii:~ vtc. usor.!. t·l and it.

n-T:>hin

. Inc mtrnst .. t1 th&lt vm h~r! t.hc ,>r,lotarian elcmcmtu, trar~c uni·m­is~s an·.: clL in tlle-lot.~.ctersh:i,p Wh,, f m ~ 1t th~.::~o JJctty-h mr·;ofl).s tcn­dcncio·!i• But th~y ln.arncrl.n-"~ro .m the jil'"llot:nl•i:ui'·-,utsit1o thnn tha · pr1lct.a1•i::n in ·>ur i•anks_ fr·m. wh,.,r.1 ~~cy_ vroru "''t a~lo t,.) eliCit Y-rhat. the· sdlo·:l wns' 01hlo t:l .. elicit. ·

' '. ;·.:

·l,. . : .. •. :' ' :' . . ._. Tho •llcl -rnrlic"til pn'rtios sh·lu)il ho a. wi~rnin (:lS · t.,· whnt nnv hec-mc

· ~r ·tho layor tha.t. cbc~. Mt 'fnl;ty .amop.t tho \1.1Utic.::J.. priFir.cyon all nattorS. '."fci ~a'rl'-nne 'fi'UCh ,6*jiiiqlo ·in ·>llr. '1¥m· l-nriks. Frt>m_.the very start .,f' tlUl' state cailitalist. -tho·irya·I· rn.forl:-crl ~ttl T1Diu, ltri' •11' tur firn·t thrau oxpt.i.mmt.s. It W.:ts·. h.-,t hY nc~i.~JtJ~lt. ·~h~t. tj_o _th Ju :Itt: -~h.l.yn;mik•>v l'i~ht.. He h.·ul tho ri~~ht instinct t 'O'lr•1tic:illy hocuusu ti1nt is \'ihnt ho \Y'ns :HJ ."\ snoiul. typo. Ho .t,·l·1k pr:Jle,tari.af'l.iznt.irm _suri~uoly ani ·~:wn up his cn·tina·•Hn; j ih f·lt' a f'D.ct:1Z.y j"lb~ It. vt~:s h-JwUvor "''t thu l,u-. ~innim; •'lf hiS;- Jt.Roricunization ;>f n.,lshovian,,- ~ut tho ')i' his ruin.1tiJtt. He thorouw>n f1r:~:,t· that hO "m.s that ..l !'cw ycm·s tr:>l"k wnn 1 t make it s,,, unr! hn ollr:octoC! of tho

. . Ho YiHS alw."..Y~,. tll-lk.in ~ _11t':>r 11 thop, th.m·:h. i7hcn tho tir.l<t Chi!IU t.-, . hrcnk Yri t.h tho .c:)r,r~.Jt pu,t+,Y-lnur. :e li5 ~r·1upin~ 'c,_.J.lo~~ tho V/:Jrkors Po1r .. ty, ho .,p ·~1snrl the JU1\!'0;, Then ho c!q_c,i:loL! ho 11.1JJl.r1 tilko tho 'thvo t·' tht~ S''!P hat. "'>n his -;rm11

tu11l n·1t tVi th· tho torutuncy- · :ls' a ·whale. 'lfu di(! c x:'ll'l hack t.·, tho tundoncy v1hon wo hr·>ko fr1r:1 thr) ~riP, but. ho harl loarnc~

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-58-n•Jthin t .in the pr·1ccm•, an1l s1 ri·~ht ;)r~· thr. ''•lt ho ~an l-aack •.m tho l~;: ~~(;:·::;hi,,.:.. .nti-lu<.o:~crship hat1.lc instmii~ '1f scnsin·~ tho ::mnpln:cit.i(~S >f the tri:m :ul:1r rol;:l.ti,ms~ip. And -,f c JUrse ho hu:l t·, l)o the spc<lk­

.:Jr nr 1r11 tllc ranks n :·:inst th: lcal'!·.::rs, alth nqh h•~ h.·_~,! n·,t a s:i.n-~le r:.mk nw! fil(!;' v1ith hin. hm! 11 WI hll is >Ut lf th~ 1:nvcr:rmt alt • ;uthnr.

·:lr:rc he an irn!ividucl., n.,t .:1. t.r:n~lcn~.v, it WlUld havr: ,._,CP'll shn r n mscnso. t' t::ko u11 a t.lj.trut!! lf ·r.1r tir.ln \rlth hir.. B11t illt-h.,.qh hn h:,•l n·; mn Yti th hir:1 in t'tl.l r:1 we ·mt, he rc•lrns::mtc·! s wtethin ~, S·1r.n­thin~ .1.lien, it i!l tl'"Ue, ~Ut Git1CC it h.lS fts rhJcctiV,:! r·1 ,t::;, it Vtill 1,u sure t-1 ru:n .ci!r. Thc!"c!'·,rc lnt us c JttSil!.:r this ~nti-l.:F~•:(!rohi ., ty.>u l_r v1h lll tiv_n~r: h;:.d hecn n:my in th'o n·w;~w:nt. ·

l"h·': m'~"": n 1t t:llkin ~ -,r :1. justifia'1lo anti-lt:n.fl,!rshiJ, J c· ·lin·; •n t'"!:.:: !w.rt 1f t~l~ nass·:s wh:, h • .tVC h<.:(! n.!l thny C•lul(! st.much 1£ ~lilr •. :..:.uc,•:J.tisn fr1m th(! c:.!j•it.:.list.s, ;11litici:ms a: .. ! lal·nr ':>ur<:a.lCl':lt~.. T!\<:q ar •• t.hu .first t·.1 .w..:rc lJ;'It) it ";"Thlm th,..~:t j lin the rt!V lluti-llt<Il"Y 1.uveucut 1l!'ocis.-!­l3f"'i0ci".nr.~! they lm 'NI it ns a cL.i.Ss ph£!lllr.lewm ;.nr: -S~l! thi!t it is :nt tha.t in a r(:',,.,luti·m<J.ry ::tnw..:nllnt... Neithnr ru·c vto ho:re ct.mc~:rnur~ rr.ith ~1Jctt:r-'':1ur ;~,}is t:r:m lfhich, in ··lau:~tin-~ the lenr1cr3hii' .1f tho rrl-v ~lutJ.,·mnry 1.1:>vur.lt~ut, ·~ct.l:illy · · !nuht::; t'lc hist,ric Missi m ·>f t~e ~lT·l­lnt.::.~i:lt ~~·~c<!USC tht!t t·rpa t>·> _is rl~"iily r!nt.c:ctcd. - ---

i'fc i!l't: t;U.kin·; ah •ut t.llt: type.•, like T l~in, vTh.•) spmv!s naey ycro"S . in the f:l-W;;n~mt, t,:'ltally ·~OV•lt:•rl ~\!l•l SUlf-s:mra.:"iein·~ 1 W}n hi!S f'>U'~ht r1a.ny a h;:ttlc .:;. :·.im~t Jl>hcr.ii•mi.sn ·:md .r 1r pr·>lotarianiznti··m.- Tho.t is in ionaral. flut in j"Jt-=.rti.::ul.o.r he t)IJ!-lS n-lt liston t:"J thn lmiOSt ln,,'{OTS in ha or·~aniznti· m, ,r in fttc 'pr·>latar:· .·1.-t.. H~ S:J m -~eto t, flcr.l;m:l snr.m .!'~q~·h;rship }1rlvilc_:.!C'lS11

1 first ~qo.:i.nSt thr-, ranks. Th•m trlthin t.he lc ,Jc;rs~;:,~ hn rlur.mnrl, ''u,tt:U.ity11 n.·:nn1~ t11e ln3o:!crship1 \'titich thm.'9,Y' cv:~r!\:f;_ tim- ,·luesti:m .. ,r' t.ho. ;nlitics. ··>f. thq ruv.>luti•_m, :1nrl attacks th!isa ·v:hq, aa tho Lienaheviks so.it! 'tcr_is:i.voly "Jf L(::nin, will think .. ,r tho r•JV11Uti:mnr:r raovcrnent 21.J.· hr>urs· t! .Ll~V. '

This t.n nx:.stcrl in i~uss;l .. ~. Nat:.U.i.1. ·Tr1t:Sky t'>l~l ·:>f -1no incir\1nt. c~ur·tn.; tho ~ront..o!lt. ;J_:;ri.-~l 1f trial :,f the v·>un-:; "~1rkers state 11hon this· 24 · h·1Ut'ti il· day t!linkin t ••f tho· rov 1lution hc,camo w ">rkin ~ f ,r it in· !H'Uctico· .m thn jinrt. _· ~~ Lmliri. · ·Hc:r har!' to -~~ot .. mmy ,,r c·.lliaJJS<t uurJvr tho vml :!-lt ·'lf .rC:s:nntiihility, :~at· rr«cy ·t:l rcla.:t. Ho rloci(\c..l t:'l' ,., fishi11.'~ .u~O. uftc~rri?'1u, l-:ut ~n tho part.Y ·11' c:,"'7l•:a{lurs that \'rimt al.m'~

thol"t'] vu·.s ·•nn .wh·>'r~id n:1t· fo~~l t.hnt Lonin sh;.mlcl have f!l'u.~tl 'II his wayn tri:Ut ·-,t~ors :Hir•' s·1 ch;:il ;cir1 S·.mo :lli.!.ns t,., Trhich Lenin. hat! hoou :lCCll:;t:;rn­,<!d t:)._ The l'f!B~t_ WitS tho.t Lorrl.n l·1st all nrn.hiti·.m tl'l ;~ fishin :, o.ntl rcM~uc·l h~J.l1'~ 1 rrJ,trlin .. ~, ~lml ·.mce u·.,Ol.i.n trmso.

. . _ ·Ttlisis: wh:~t .. · .wua the cOO-result .-,r the 11oqu:U.ity 11 of luar:!·~rshi:>, wh~-c~ i~· Cqu:U.ity· ')f n~nsonsu, whothor it actaru.ly ~h"Jrt.CJns thu spnn ·lf tlla lCiJ.:lol- 1 s·lifo ·')r -is just ::.. Dcrsistont r\!r,t[nrlc•r th:!t III t·>.'l nr.1 hrJTu ·'" The vmys ·mt ryf ·tile r:nvcmrmt al.'a vuri<~,, • ..

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- 5q -III Intellentu!!.Ln.o..t~~or the 11Re1M of' 'lierror" __ , 1n the Youth

Onne 9.{5ain, ~<e turn to the prev9.1ling nhaX';,nter of our eponh, the oppressiveness ~r state-nan1t!l.l1sm, this time o.e it relo.tes to the youth, pr~niaely be­no.use they o.ra the least corrupted, al~<aya in revolt o.~o.inet the shibboleths ~f the a~e, !l.nd yet cannot esml!Je 1 t.

Firat, the poa1tivo oua11t1es the youth have brou~t.

a) The Group as a Whole

This ~enerati~n of youth is diatinntly differ­ent fr"'l'l the gener3.ti~n of. the 1208 and of· the '30S tho.t ho.ve tended t~ 11arxiam, or in any nase rebelled aroainst thin~s as they a>'"• It is so different that it benr::~l'!les nenessg,ry tr:t anal~rze 1 t n'lt alone in re­latio:>n to o:>ther radirial po.rties, but in relatio:>nahip t~ o'ur own pg,rty. ··re do tho.t very OIJenly bef~.re the publin in the rno.nner. in \·lhinh Let1in mo.<ie narty bu1ld­ine; an ~~en task, n~t only .Q! the P9.'Per but J,n the p9.11er. · · · . i

··Let us .first o:>f.allma.ke 'perfently nle .. r that . lie ·are .nonne.rned only with the generation of the 1403 and not tl·i th tha·t o:>f the 130s, by nontrastin~ the 1;w'O r.ic;ht.,. t the at.!\rt 11nd then le,.ving the 30s ,._ ~ide. · ·· · · · ·

. . . . .. The' lonked,-out •;e,..e~::.tion 'went in for bi(l, m .. aa

demonstrations: agains·~ being permanently uner.rployed, 9.f5B.lnat · fasoiam, against .we.r, . They held non!lreaaeo imoortant enour;h to .oommand the appearanne of Elea-

. n.or 'loosevelt· and John L. Lewis. This ~;enera.tion seems ~.6 .. be quiesnent and is not a ·u joiner."

~hose of·the~ lon.ked-ou'l;o· generati'>n who name to 1!9.rxism >TAre ·interested in· 1'fundam&ntal problems". ·rhey studied !•,.rx 1 s Capite,l, if not !Lll three vol­umes., then the first ,in any naee, But tha.t genera­tion treated Capital as "culture" ritiier than as pro­duntion truths, !·any of them '~ant to Bohemianism. And when the revolution ·didn't nome on· the 11apD'lintad dav"· they hen'\Me wildly ind1vidualistia and turned 111 Existentialisra. Not ,lust those soul-sink 1ntollea-1tuals outside the ll'lrxist movement, \lilt many In ·~he ··I "P ••

'·Ia had to. leave them be, and we did,

This {5enor:>tion, .. on the othar hand, though oall­ed tho Beat· Clonerati.on, has, ;;a Ho~maa ha.B so pro­f'lundly desnribed, ".eo dist1nnt1ve an individuality th~ t 1't has no nee.d fo:>r imposed anoenr.rinUy ." Al-

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- .:c -thou';h it seas no revoluti~:o ar~und the n~rmn•, it d'Jes ·not r.t"Jnsidor i teelf '1l'Jst ... ~~

On the oon"t,r9.r~' it. he.s s sense 0f r.om:T .. r.:1ity and is aearnhin'5 f~;· a neH helief thai;_ 1<ould den,.nd to­t!"J.l 1nv'Jlvement.

It l{ee~e its n'Juth shut n-Jw, but th.J.t diJes n'Jt mean 1t ar.nents. It airnnly refuses to take thiror,s

_at f9.ne falue •. \fter ·:'11, it h.J.B been~!! 1-::mg enour;h and ~s bein;) collectively upro~ted in a c~ld ·r. .. Tar th~?.t is as· t=;lo"b~l :ts the h..,t one ,.,as.

E"en LIFJIT and T:tblE, vtith t.hl'lir S'teepinfl r,ener­alizationa 9.~o~u·~ 23 milli<>n y<~uth, as if they Hera all one rnaoa wit~ n~ sor.ial layors between them# is f~rr.ed 'uo admit tho.t, alth~t>flh quiet, it ie >~<>1<>-llin£5 things, l<ithout bein£5 r.ynir.al, That io true on the na"":l:ous·, or at. h'Jme, or at :'<"Torlt, or ev9n in the arrny. It is n~t th:>y \"tho e.re nonfusad; it is tl:eir elders l<ho d!l not ltno"' •·1haj; thoy thin\c,

-Thus the most surprised of all 1·1e1'e tha -taa.nh­ers '~hen they Nere n onfronted >~1 th' the ovel'lihelming fMt th!>.t it 1i9.B just .~heir demand for hi(3her wages tliat brouflht en these oaploaive demonat1•atiolla of the youth, :::t c!luldn 1 t have been 11 just that", they lmaw, .efta X' all, they haJ. he an :; .• elJ.nr, tl:a hostil­ity of the youth da.y in and :,..,y out, and yet here Has the same youth defe.ndin£5 th~i!: ric;hta, ~lhe.t snared them rJ~Bt of all ~<o.s tha ·doinr;a of these youth, Here anhool kids

poline - ;rare s~a.red a.s bureaunra.ts 1·1hen >rorl<ers to the streets,

It was ·aot juat t.he taanhera wa.~;es, .they \me\{, It >rae definitely somethinr, else, the;r kne1·1, :Jut what? ''That wa.'L.ill ·

Thl.a qu!.oene!lt. c;eneratl~n in 1946 jointed the ·ralla.ne movement and novr atar;ed the t;reatest demon­stration of hil"',h anhool. youth ever aeen in this noun­try and :1. t waan 1 t l~d by· any ra<ll,.n.a.l aroUP,o The radina.l £5l"•Jups ~rare as ourprieed as the authorities had been,

'•That 1~aa 1·~? It :!.a imposoiblo to r;et the anaHer from si ttinfl l.n offines - >~hother they be the 1Jluah ones of LIP~, tho bare ones of the anhool, or evan those of a ra•linal party,

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The ~nly "a.y to ~ the answer is to otudy . those 11ho n~me to you; ~<fth-W!lom you are in nontacV, lihO:':I you see every day, live ~<i'th nc>litino.lly, ob­serve. In this ceaner.t a small movement haa an ad­vant-l..~e in th:.t the people liho nome to it are not just individl•nls but son'al typos, If you 'bet;ln by not tr<>"-tin~; thei"J as a <rhole, but viewing the:n layer by layer, then you understand more than the few peo­ple \·tho have joined, ·\ study of them is, in fant, tho imperative bi!.sis of workit1r; out ·~he e.nalysis of youth as a l<hole,

'Je have "-lre?.dy mentioned their leader, the in­teler.tu9.: Nh'l hac'. 'be¢Un the study of youth movements. He is the onlv one who at leas.t. in looks seems to resemble· the ':.;eneration of the _i30e: a. lfe1< Yot'!lt, Jei~ish intellentual; But ev9n he ian 1t, It ~raan 't llarxtan eri~nov.ica that he sh-oHed an interest in, as did toe c;en~l·a'Oion· of the '.30s; it lias the political movement<; a.s a -~~. not merely the. Harxiat one but the'Hitler totalitarian ·one as liell,

The ranks· too ·were of different layers, The ·. prqleta.ria.n .one 'did not turn -to the labor movement,

· but. to it layer lii th ~<h.o.m he h!id ha.d· nontant as a. kid and i<hinh had never. been .. tounhad by ra.dioal 3roup­l.n{5S: the 13an;;e, The student ·R-t.rike re•tealed how

· or,an!!! to this 13enera.tion o:f yl)uth 1·tae or~;anization, ·No one had tc> tsaoh them that~ They .!mel~. 1 t long be­. fore they reanhed hi!>lt snhool, as .(j;rammar school kids in.~n6s~ This feel.for revolt·ar.d orr;anization . ohnraoter!zed the y'luth, includ1i15the. middle class youth, ·

There ~<as a Pl'oletarian y6un::; woman who did not lot them lose siSht of. the ,ne~,at1ve. aspent of r;ang­~- of youth sinr•e · nha had seen the zoot suitors nome in as strilto··breakera in. her shop. She urote a pieoe

11Thel'e e.re Youth. and There arn Youth" for the

youth saotion that ;twe :lt a·new dirsntion, l'his paper, •·rith all its ·fs.1lures, is as different from the youth 9ention 1n old radinal paper•s as lUe is fr'lm theses,·. ·

· One youno;; ,,~onan lij.th a. paronhial anh'lol tr .. 1nins be(lan to lo~i>c :1 t. youth differently and her analysis of dope aP,dinUon, even !\mon3 r;r:.mrnar .snhool kids turned their attention to a nunh youn~;er la.yet.', Aa a result, "- 1?.-year old l1l'fi¥·o ~irl :from .the alums of

. Harlem Nas hrou•;ht !lround t,o the O!'f5an1z~tion,

Tho sa ;1e11 qualities that thoy brOU(!ht l·ti th them are noN rennh!.•H~ ono sta~;e or. n'ltlnret1zat:ton in the pulll1nati'Jn of t1·1:. ):l!tmphlota: 'ne, a youth 'a own a.o-

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:-:o;-n~'t ~ · h'!.s- ~-b~lli'ln, 3.t home, in sr.hool ~nC. life in y'Ju'th h'Juae; tho-at.h..t!', a study •Jf thf'l student de::-:'Jnstra.ti"Jn, nnt as a nlll:i:t.,ir.al ans.lv1;ia so-W0f:l ... as a rer.ord ~f doinB~· · '

Ne-verthel'3ss, ~ur Y""th is in e r.r!.eis. An:'! lt is tlliB He must analyze. If' there is one )hl.ne; our one year's independent exietenr.e hao tau~t us, it is that the nroblema of the eponh and tbli prc;,lems ')f the 'Jr~9.n1.,a.t1on nann'Jt· be ~:::~., ..... .,":.,.~( ..

£l_1he Youth Leader

Their leader: is younG, 19. He r.as not had a nhanne .to be norrunted, He has not had any opnor­tunity to ~et tired (althoudh the leadership of the party did thair l:lest to make him eo), He is· active, enere;etin, ·

He has· no material basis for l:ureaunracy, n.,· has no !epiratione to be a r;reat leader, Neve.l•thless at. the School >rbinh the: leadership organized., it name out that arteir ·a year of his leadership the other members of the Y'J\Jth · r.ould sum up theil' E:lxp~r­ienne ''ith him under t?.a Tlhl'I\Be 11 Rei(!!l or 'terror."

He put nohody in jail. He nouldn''t, He banloh•· ed nobody •. Nevertheless at meetln(> after mdetinr;, they >~ere nonsnious that they Here beinr; aubjent»d to a· harsh and unmi·tir,ated tyranny. . . . ' . .

':lhy?

Simply benause that is .the prevailinf> nhe.l'<Lnter or soniety tode.y,

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It is not in his paynhol'OflY nor in .any t<mden­ny to do.m1nate or o.ny of that so:~-·~ or psynho:i.·l~!.cal nonsense. Il1 every sphere of s·oniety nP.pitnlism h9.S reached the sta<>e ·"here al:l leadership J.o o:-t;a·n­ized '-"d domina tinfl• You vote ·and ha.•r!n[; vot.ed, you sit doHn and ~ra.it to see ,;hat they are so1ni5 t'l do ror you. It is so in society, it is eo in the ,,n­ions, in e>ll sorts or poli tioal 11f'c. He didn 1 t have to 1!!.!.rn th9. t. .

'•le. are all that "ay, all the 1ntalleo tualo are th9.t ~<ay, The only •lnes lfho are not that Hay aro the 1·101'\tara on ':hooo ba.olt all thia d~rn1nat1~n o.nd orr,anization ta.!tes plane.

He lme•r no ~thar 'lay exnept to ~at. the line an<l

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to ·,,ring 1t; and the ranks, havi%>5 'baam.~Qll!e atta.c:~ <>n e.nti-leadership, d1dn 't ""nt to shm·r pet.,y.bour­ge<>is ind1en1pl1ne, BetwQen them both they reanhad the impasse,

Firat there is the d~rninat1on in socl.ety, Than there iB the experience Of the S',o(p• .~bove all, there is the isolati<:>n from the masses. That ia what sent the old or~ni7.ati.,ns t<> theizo d<>om.

Now this exposure of the reir;ri of tezoror was not undertaken for ex'>osure' s sake, nor yet to say; '!Tell, if even th.is un~orrupted youth could n<>t es­~ane the corrupti<>n ~f the ar,e, who nan escape it? 1Je· have ·10t i:;nored pers<>nal resp<>nsib:llity either. "ihe.t we have d<>ne here is t~ bring 1 t into the open s':l that we nan teat the· solution, 1·1hi~n· (l) does n<>t lie either l.n nro~laiming the nhara~ter .,f the ar<e nor in maltine; the youth the Mapegoat, (2) Ra­ther, the relationship'betwsen tho epoch and the youth will lead (3) to a Mnoapt1on of the party as a t':ltalitJ, The party. is a whole composed of the .three formations of leaders, uni~nists and youth,

· in >ihinh eanh in turn is nomposed of various layers. It is· never a question of individuals, but of social tynes, layers, tendencies, and trends.

·The party is. a whole and the relationship be- · tw.een 'its parts is a inarria~;e without the posaibili­ty'' of. divorce or., ~epal:'a.tion, not because of Catholic. rites qut becauso. the~in. alone lies movement for­ward for the org. .. nizatton, The taok of worltine; out. the relationshi? is a ;task not of the leadership a-· lone, but of the ranlts as \tell,· It is a relati<>n­ship, :'10re<>ver, that. is .not a statin one, but a non­stant.ly shiftinr; ona,· a11d to itnOif what it.!.!!. non::-­nretely at eanh ?renise sta~e.is to prepare oneself for the rapidly shi:!'tinr; ralationn when cthe stru:;r;le of the· \lor.lting nlass benomaa total.

It is prenisely ber.eusa we >rare turnins to the masses by .')reparinr; to <lome out lfith a printed papal' and .some documents telling 1·tho we were th!l.t the idea

·.or ou·r ·snh<>ol origina~ecl,

o) The Snh<><:>l or·the'Third Layer

, · 1·1e ha.d denided tha.t aJ.th<:>u(lh lfe had a baeio proletnrian t.he017, the only way that 11a could knolf what the worltera wanted, we.s to ask the 1/0rlters in our organization uhat they thour;ht. Tha·h is t..ll.e \fay

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tho idea <>rir,inated, of a snh~ol ~<here the j:\lpl.ls ,,r<>uld teanh the teanhers "it1stead <>f ~he teanhers tho ~upils, It tms a snh~'Jl primarily for tlie third layer t<> exnress itself, If it hanpaned that inter­nally too, s<>ne pr<>hlems sunh aa the x•eir9" <>f terr<>l:' 1·rere revealed, that ,.,e had not l{l'l"J\·m, it ~nly pro;:ves onne a:ain the nlos- relationship bettmen external n.•.1d interno.l problema,

The idee. was t<> m•i te Hha t ~;e have to say in 9. u~,, th3.t the ··~'lr1ters 1<1ill be able to read fl"OIJ n"Jver t~J r."Jvcr. ~hat rneana th.J.t -;·that vou havo to say is "''h!lt Horl'=er==: ".·rant tiJ hear. 1:Then th9.t is d'Jne ·,ror~'ers •iill be able to see that there are people >rho undcrstm1d politins and that nolitins is S<>l'!e­t,.in{S t,ha.t C":')Y'res-."Jnd.s to antual life.

1Ja have tiJ. 'l')repare a 11ay out to the ,;·r~rltinf3 class, ere sent f<>r <>ur ranlt and i'ile to nome to tha · 5nho<>l and t.eanh us s<>meth1ng, They tau5ht us not only nolitinally h.ut. organizationally, But that is n<>t suffinie·,,t,

· fe have .t9 !5o sol!let·rhere t·rhere tie nan feel the ,\.l!lerinan. ''''n'ki<>r, nlass day by· day, and be nlose to those .rnel!ll:>ers. <>f the OPr;e.nization ~<ho live and <~orlt a.rnorif> the ·t·rorltel's, 1'1e !!lOVe to the .lab·<>r center. The intellentua.ls.,. the Bol.sheviks, the .center is goiil(5 to talta tho first big step tovrards areatin(5 a l.ead­orship in \·rhich ·the l,l.nion eiernen1is, rnen al.ready nroved as leadel's of worlters, ·uill ·b~l;in the task of 'Jenaninr; party leader•s •. Politins, fornas, .. intellon­t~,ta.ls, union leaders, "thir-d .l!!.yer .. -·' tre have to· bind them n.ll ·tor;e"ther, The· test of. 1t all ·trill be the paper.,, · ...

Intarnally, the .·.1;est is how thorou(lhly the lee.:l.­ersflip basel! itself on the third layer, . . . ·. .

The yout:n loader says; I d<>n't lrnot·r what to do, ··I listen l:>ut I· don't· !t'IOI-I trhat to do,

1fhat t~· do?.

'Ia have· to reno~iza ·that the basic scur•ne f<>r prc15ress of the <>rganization, in its ideas, in its theories, in its next n·'nnrets ste-ps, for theoretinal adva'lce a'ld orp:a11izational method, nomas and nan only noMe fron the third layer in the or(5anization,

It is e. ver-y diffinult thin(5 to acnept, It is a terrific stru(5~le to prevent the .1ntellentualo im­!JOsinc; their ideas and knol'rledf5e and experience and evel')fthinr, else upon the proletariat in the orr.ani-

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- 65 -zation. Until we clear ths.t a'"Hly, ,,~e 9.-Y'e not. (50inc; to buret out int'J the neu.

Once the third layer a.nr.e7)ta and nndere·tancle the role of lea.dol'Bhip there must be in it tho nili­tant deter:'linati'Jn to exnress itself and challe11(;e tloe leader.·shin 'Jn 11hat it >mnts to say, and looN it Hante to say lt.. There must be no rJ'Jre Rel.r;ns of Terr~Jr. 11 Re1[91 '='r 'tf!rror11 1s e. phrase wa are using be'l:lUBe ue a.ll ur.derstand .rhat it 111eans, It nan be called: intellectual .domination,

•:re have to malta up our ninde to g'>t that corr­ect. relat1':lnehip oet"e.en the leadership and the rtJ.nks. That is a r.;a.rria.·:~e ,.,i"",;hout a:uy possibility of eepar!\ti'on .,;, divorce.:

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or··oours" i;<>· :.ll.ve. the eaine .1cl.ea and. belon(5 to the same groupinr,, · 'Je ·are no·t. trade .1.mion buraau­nr.o.te. '.·re are bound toWither by prof.'lund idees. Yet 011 :tt.is ··issue fundamental class attitudes are inv:>lved,

· The: fu.ture of the 'tirganizE<.ti':ln in theory and practice must. rest uvon the impulses that come from the third layer,, ':ra-. \mew it 1n theory partic:ular;ly i·1hen 11e >lere deno1.tnoin(5. the old or(5an1.zations for · not. doin(5 it, But .11l;um 1t oomes to ou:rselves it is something a· little hardel' to understand, ·I·t is. not ~<hat a··,4orkel' says.- A I<Orker says nonsense as mu.oh as anybody else,· · It ·is tha·t he is jud~;in() from a oer.tain poai tion l.n society and ·he b!l.S certain as­!Jlrations,- 'impulses whinh no'b~r.ly but himself can hava·benau'!e.nobody lives Hhere he l,ivos every da.y, Furtheroore OUr I<Or\ters are not Ordinary \!Or\ters·, They !\re the b'est t,ype .of worlters bena.use t.hey have r,ot rid ·or suoserv1en·oe to b'.lur:;e':lis a0aiety. So they 'J.re in absolute opposition to iti, >~herea.a liith the ordino.z·y \IOrkeil, his inst•.not_s are novered .over 1<ith all sorts of 1Jour!1eoie i,:eas_, 'Tith a class -nonsnious 1.40'!'\ter, on the '.lthe·r hand, 'qis ideas floN freely·,: if .he is sure th'J.t he will (5et a reoeption~

· And th.o.9e !Tiews are the ro':lst prenious · -vi<>HB in t\1e 'iiorld, ~•ronr.: ·s.e· they may be· at times. Those n'lml:ng from the ,mass are the basis of. a. \10\·1 society,

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Upon becoming inde,pondcnt. the moBt it1po;otant pol­itical decision we nnde wne: to· iaauo our paper on o. decen­tralized basis. Thl! paper v~EI.a not to ~ done at the""""'e'iiter except for the editorial. Each local wnu to be ro3ponaible ror the writing and produoticn o£ a section or the papor. It is clear now tint if our OOHRESPONDENCE Every Two ~7oeks his existed this· year ani a half, it is pr'loio~Sly baoo.use or thia deoisl.on. Vle could break thu~ sharply with the old tradition .or a few peopl& a~ tha center ooncentrai;ing in their hands the writing am editing ·or tho p1per bocsuse d: our complete confidence that tr~ ranks were perfectly able to do what tho loodershlp ho.d deo~was ita .iob alone. Thus tba.decision to decentralize the .production of tho pa.par was part a.r.d parcel of ou1.•- cOncept of proletarlnniza­tion -- of who.t n work9rs 1 paper and s. workera 1 :rnrt-,1 o.ro . liko. .

Tho ~.fuct that the ra.nks wer& to write r~Jault­od in a no'Wiiiethoif OFWriti!y;-;-!n oppositionto tho style or b'Oo1C~Gnintellectu'o.ls. writing .!.2!: workers. which ohurnot­eritod.tha old rndioo.l press. our papor would be o~racter­izcd· by the style of one worker writing for anotter. The · very principle by which we set out to :write our pa.per bo­oru:ne the most popular oxpro$aion ·at the SchOol of tho Third Lo.ycr. It was: who.t o.n· intellectuo.l needs 'at tt.ll titaoa is

. a full f'ountnin pen.

\fo ho.d be.fore us the horrible exD.mple of thn fiO.pers or tho old ro.dioo.l orga.nizntiona. · .Trotsky himself nado t}'l..e

•most devustoti"!! criticism or tho Tr~tskyist paper: !'As it is 6 " ho wrc.tq •. tlie.~_.pnpor is divid~Jd ·nmong various writers, ench of whom is very good • but collectively they c!o not por­mit the workers to the l"'ges :or the!}>~. Each or them

· •!"'aks for th~ workers {and ·speaks vecy ·well). but nollody .. ivnl· hoa~ tho workors, In spite of. tlie. litero.ry brilliance ·too. certain rl~groo·tho·P4per beoomes.a viet~ of joUrnal­istic routine. You do not heo.r nt all how .the lvorkors livo. fight, clnsh with the polioo or drink whi~key. It 1• vocy· ,da.ng&rous for the ·pnplr ·o.s a .revoh\tionary ins:trument for thu !"rty. Tho task is not to make n paper through tho joint toroes ot a. skilled editoria.l boo.rd. but to onoournge the workers to s~~~. fCJI: th9mselvoo." . · .

· Evor since '1947 vm ·h?.d boon .moving in thut d!roo- · tion. ·During tho intervoni,ng pol"'iod hotwcon tho WP arid OW" roq.ntry into tho SWP .,., issued a. weakly BUL!llTIN whioh wna primnrily writ toll· by. rank and rilo wcrkors, Tho•• had novor boon neything' .liko ~thnt in tho .United Stntoa, This wna in absolute opposition not ::>lono to tho orthodox 1'rotakyist press, Tho Militcnt, but oquc.ll3-·. to Lo.boi' Aut1on, pU.pur or

, tho· ~'lorkttrl3. Party. Thnt plpor '"I.B g~d by tho conoopt• tion thnt tho Amoricnn workers' waro 'tnckwnrd Qnd, it WO.II tho t,nsk ot tho lor.dorship ,to ·"populr.rizo" !!c.rxism., Tho popul­nrizntion consisted or. the editors to.lking dOifn to tho wor­kors ovon M the lendurship spoke~~ to t'iiO"'Tnnks iru:ido

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tho pc".rty, This \'It'.~ dono Ylitt. typb:nl 1--- t.+:v-bo•J.rg:ooir: nrrognnao. With ~ho lnov.\tc'.blc result thn.t t.. ~ activity r.round the. pr.por .. _ distribution of c:. million in a. aing1A r.roe-. -- wns r.c br.rron ot rfJaults r.s the articles in tho pepor woro or content.

. LoQking br.ck through the ro.dionl pross it wa.s alc•er thnt thoro hr.d in fr .. ot boon ollly ono instt'.ncc when tho rr.dionl proso or.ucht tho spirit of the American worl.:­inx clr.aa. Tht.t tm s tho or.rly dnys Clf' tho Dc.V:r ~.r iJt tho

120ta wtkln it 11rot disoiverod in tho-r'I:ittors ~ .... o

thu Editor" tho olomonta.l f'o.rco at the \/orking olc.~s itself._ Tt.l ao lottors not only introducod :oowa not covered by the bour,;ocia proas, AboVQ ovurythi~, they r~f'lecteU attitudes thnt only tho lVOrkora thomeelvos could do:::criba~ because only they £2.li tho tot<:l hostility to tho cnpitnlist clos" C'.Dd its 'decr.dont order., In .truth, _this rrcunt not only tlmt tho style of thu pt\p<lr rms differon+- .• but thot the octivity of tho pt'.rty itsol'f' ch~ngod. Vlhore it \'IllS to bo distributed. hOi'l it wr.s to 'be dono, Whr.t i~ is tt:c.t would form the lr..sh:! of' coliVOrantion with your fella,., workers 't., whom you gave Clr sold it·--. llll these chr.ngcd with it •. Thc>re -:.vus thus no division hotween tho "ctivity ,££ too p<lpor nnd the nntivity nround _tho pl'.pcr. The J>l.~por wns boat whe:~. it dcc.lt with something in thG workar1s lifo. Tho c.ctivity. wns best vm~n tho p:-.por. wr.s best. The pcopor nn;! tho r.cti vity _converged into new contr.ots nnd now utrnt.a.\ of populati-on -- ·sundc.ye nmong ~l!inois mi.nors. Mondo.ya nt tho· Inter:Mtiono.l Bnrves­ter pl~nt in Chio~go, or Snturdnys·on·the &outh Sido -- nll

·.this nativity '"'" tn rhythm with the nspirc.tion we hnd in those dr.ys C'.nd tho ooncoptio£1- thnt the ADBricnn workerS were ror.dy fc.r n :aew sooio't?Y_ 1;hon.. · ·

. . -4i~ng with:tho ~~Hti.o~ ~:r··-ti;;~·Cqimnuniat Pnrty r.nd its cirgc.nizr-.t_ion..'"l.l prr.ctiocs; the Dnily Worker soo!l .. -cnmo to it.ll dogo'rtorc.ted nnd. · lt. wns g_ovorr.od by tho S·to.l.:. inist totr.litc.rir.n concept .a.nd .wont on pounding a line ..... n line set moreover- in Moscow over which neither the Amor­ica.n nor tho Russia.n workers }Vl:d · Myii:J:ting to ao.y, , It l)i.ean·b the doc.~h of' '-'·~.Y wor-kor.a._p::-ecss in t)lis Country.

Ye:t AmarioCn society is charged With soCio.l dyn .. ami to. Tho lr.bor lenders hnvo to tight these .workers. Ir thoy don'+_. t~~y r.re lost.~~ oloVt)rest of. them j_s l"''o.lter Reuther whose li!'•J is. divided i!'lto three parts: in his of'­£ico, i.t:l Wnshington_. . nnd. on tho plnne or trc. in to nnd from Washington. As with overy lnbor lJIIJ.rcnuo·ro.t., his mo.in poi..~ is. ttu:,:b. tho workers r.re not reedy"' nOt yet advr.noed osJough. In ·rar.lity he r.nd his mr.o)li:ne ·nre the grentost obs:tnolos in tho ror.d or too workora· in tho United Auto. Workers. Lot ma tnko e sooo·nd_ to_ show this to you on the Nogro question~ It is on record thr.t whon the C.I.o. M:l.fl formed, it 1m.s ~he l'('.nk r.nd fila whito vtorkoro who wont to thtt Nogro wnrkors c.nd by trnnk discussion, oocinl intentlinglir-&

1 oto. won

them to union R~?lidr".rit-,;. The burot>.uUn:r~s hositt\t'cd and lngged behind. Todny Reuther will tolk by tho hour to n Washill!;ton Somto Cominl.ttoe o.bout too evils oi' disorimiw­tion •. Ho hns n propr.gr.ndn depr.rtment houdod by co. Nogro

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which periodically 'Pubtishos antiooi\.iAO"I'i!!lina-b'::L.<&tJ--11<(; rl:..:....""\CnJ.;:: .. But the mo.ohine ho.n the whole U.ii..Wc 'I.Orking class pta.rnlya­ed by its refusal to lood tho strug&leo in~ .J!lnnt. Any serious struggle in the plant eutomnticaTiy brings racial solidarity. But paralysis of Ntruggle in tho plant forces thG workers to o.ccept, and malmo even some of them -take ad­vo.ntnge of, the racio.l onto.gonism, which the company uses do.y and night. So thQt. the r!:MOn why the prom.iso of tho C.I.O. to. nbolish rncial diAcrimimtion h11s not gone beyond its wonaerfu~ beginnin~. is due directlY. to tho reactionary policies of tre lAbor bJre.uucrn_~"Y, no~ merely on the Negro

· ques~ion. but on the situation or 1:1.! thtl woz·kars in the plo.nt.

· Thc.t thon is tho poiitico.l 'alig!lm'~nt in the United Sto.tcs the rc.nk:-nnd-.fil~ vo_rkurs ego.inst tho labor bur:.. .onuorncy which is tho mc.in supporl and defu'tlSe o:r ca.pita.lism, o.nd- tho whole bur:c.c:.uctntic .n.ppnrntus which it uses ngninst the ,pt?oplo .. Anc:.lys!" onch>.bu~n..uc'i.a,cy; specificc.lly nnd ycu find. the kCJY..1?o tho;·politior.l s,itun~:i:Qn i~ ovary country. In Brit'ic.n~. as I s~e i~, your task is~·to nno.lysiJ the relo.t.ion bot"Heen tho oc.tilpus or LabOr. Pnrty. unions .. and oopperntives, c.mf the· atrc~glChold. they h~~va·· oi:t:the w·orking clo.Eis. In the

::United Stl'.tes ,.· tho·:·Aroor icau· y;orke17 'has o.nothor problem. Ha hna.' b!d' oVe:r ii ofilrttury of -OXP" r'ioilce ~f· de_mocra.tio politics. Be .has ~beofi: .tra.inod .. i:u~ disoiplinod in the most cidvnnood a.lli

. th'lrOtOro t_hG most :snvngo:Iy o;;pt"oit~tive j_ndustrial ntlchine . ·.in itht? W_ot).:d. ~f. ho- nc.~e·s a li1*le _mOp.Sy ~ he ptlys fo_r_ it; in . tb~ intonBi py· ·or his axpl.oi~t.i9n. Aro..d_ talo.y he ia: revolting ngainst. 1h9 prodi:lotive .systom Hsolf and directly c.gc.inst tho

·!:l...-cc!Jc;:'r.i'.cy_~ 'It·. iS thO. m.oSt da.ngOrO:Us si tut-.tion in t}' . .l) world. For tho_.'lC'.bor.·. l;Ui"Ot>;uc'x'c.oy· i,n _the- ~nitod. Sta.tos. ho.s no greo.t . union Or political ·mo:ohino.; ··AtOOrlo:.n workers ·hnve not the' yCo.r., of hr..b~tUo.l'subordinc:.tiOn to· n labor appn.ro.tus. The lr.bor b.iror.ucrr.oy hero ia f~obl<i beyond· bo.lief. Thot oxplnins

. tho 'trc.~:$.~ ro~_ction.,o£· tho Amorie~ e;avOrrunerit nn:l tho ru~­ing olc.aae Qhurohill' know-s ho. -enn dap3nd on tho labor hlr­or.ucrncy -t~ koop tho worko:r.s.·ln E'ilglnnd 'in order .. · The Am­c:trlo~ ~u~geoislo C!\nnot d'opu.lld- on tho Ano ricun "labor bur­on~arr.t,2fe·. ~lw situnti·on in tho Un:itod ·stntos is tense beyond bolioi', · .-.·

Yot thoro is no worl::Drs pro sa ·to- express- all ~his • .-Tho tr.:m<;, uiuon pC'.pors r.r.o worso,,· i.f'•thnt is possible, thnn tho .~nd.ioC'-1 pros~··· They nro ns in.~ o.wr.y from the workors 1

livua, t.houghts·., nlli o.ot,ivity, Th:'oro o.rEl workers who rc.f'uso to pny \inion dues unt:il th~. Unio!f txinaOnts not to send him tho.t pnpar which hce- o.s little ooiuUJction with his lifo as tbl hou.sQ. crgr.n.s:.9~. tho o9~p'lniofl. . ' .

"·' . . . . Tho Doc iS loU:: i" . -!::::~~~--~-~:: ....

. · . .,. Wo !r.vo to· -:lew tho .daci'Sicn to is suo ::t pnpor on _., · n: ·do'oontrn.li.eod- br-.sis ani to be writtan nninly by our ro.n!cs

from "two nsP<>otss ·1) tho demnnd it inr.de upon nll of us. to ro­oognizo thr.t tho workriru .. ~1vo o. lito or their own nnd hnvo

'· tho ir. cvtn viowu1 r.nd 2) whnt v.ns our !!pMifio i'unotion ii' it ·wne not -- ns it most ·cortninly wn3 fl\")t -- "to orgnn1r.o 11

D.lld 11t'o lUnd"?' Tho pr.p.u.~.would moat col'trlir.ily not 11aot o. lino 11

tho \"!'y tho old rndio!ll proos <lid it -~ 111 truth, it 1'/!ls

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- 69 -tho .i'Unotion ot tha pnper to oxproaa tho tott.l inodoounoy of t~ old radicnl prozss r.nd its oo rwoption ot 11poH tiel •" In nbsoluto opposition to tl\r.t it ..,uld project tho id<n of n now sooioty., tho olomont:J or whick exist ritht here o.td nrn:v in tho rclntions c.mong \\Orkern,. thai,. hostility to tho socio~ thnt axists. thoir strug~le lor n new form ot ~ccicty.

~tho most important thing, thoicforo 11 wa.s to roca.s• niz:e thr.t tho \rorkcrs c.ro thinking thoir avn thoughts. How could it bJ otharwiso7 Tho ~oot a'tnros us in 1:ho fb.eu, Suddenly after no~~ly throe hundred yonrs or continuous strugr;lo nll over tho world and grcnt victories for trocdom of spocch.c.nd.rroo dissominr~ion or idoca. the world ~ccms to hcvo turned ita 1h cc. nnd ito toot l:t'.olcw:\rds. Grent orr;­nnii;r~.tlons cutd. greet ate'. tos nri&o wl1cJso a. vowed purpose is to prevent tho uttorc.nco Ol" tho c irculc.tion ot ono asingle iden which they do not a.pprovo. .-l."''rion ia no exeoption. In this coun.try todt'.;y tlwro is more !'car nnd terror about oritici:ing thu goVcrlhotrt thnn r.t nr.y time aineo the OOgin.ni.ng or. tho ~epublic, Whn~ ie. hnppOning iB thC.t tho ruling classes ovory­whoro nro ongr.gCid in n dospernte ~truggle to distort., conruao,. c.nd if r.coossnry, totr.lly supp~oSIS the&o idca.a. But to sup­pro ss 1:h om,. thoy v.d.ll hr.vo to dostroy tho systea.' ot produo-

. tion iteolf,. for it ia 'this tMt gives rise to t:1e.m. And tho closer poople got to thinking ·thoir ·OTID thought•, tho more so:vrq;oly tho ruling clnaa seoka wnya to o;rush them. The lnbor _buronucreta thorotor~·nro vory circumspeet inwhnt t~oy do nnd sny, not_ b3c~}l80_~~c·ploplo nre bc.al.."-'llrd, but prooisoly 1?tJcr.uso ~ho peop~e. nrc ·so ndvnnced. Tho truth is tbnt :tlxl ro .. is no o.nti-wo.r. propngnnda precisely. beoo.u.se the poaplo c.ro ·so_·n~ti~wnr thl.t no oDO. dto.rol5 to so.y o.nything which might· unloose thnt mighty. t_<r ro)lt_. Tint is the United States todr.y. ·

. This is tho UnitO_d Stntos th~t ovory /.morionll worker rocognizad._ This ia tho United Sto.tvs thnt tho Eur­Opan~ worker doOs~nob know' oxiS~~·

. Nothing -.,. nOthing ·-.Will mnko n bunch or Euro-per:.n 'workers -- in En~:lr:.¥· ospoCinlly -- 110 oonaoious or the

. lioa nnd continuous fraudulence ot the knrica.n bour&oois propr.gr.ndr. ns tho c.otur~l oxictanco ot n p! riodic.:~.l which o.t fixo.q. o.nd roourront _:tiloos brings the viaW'J ot the section of tho Amciriann working\clr.&G to ·the prolotrir"int of tho United Str.tos· nn:i olsoldulro. A book, n rnmphlot -- nll those thiags do .!VO.iliJ."":Cully woll>, but· tho1•o is nothing liko n pnper tor. @P lluino o?U.~.t:io.~~- ·'

Tho ul'timnto suoo~as or tho !"'per will dep9nd UJ>on tho fnct tlt\t _tho periphery r.e mll ''" tho ronks of the crg­nnizr.tion vrill koop tho 'p..1.por go111t;• Novortholoss tho ra.:nlca ot tho orgnrlizr.t:ron hnv-u got to mnk~ up their miJde to tnke tho publior.tien of'tho pnpor, tho writing or r.rticlos, and · tho .ociitor_;nl work or tho po.por with utmost aariousnoae. Trot. is thoir pro&ont function. Thoir business a.t tho l'!l:"es .. ont timo is not to think nbout lending tho prolot<.rint -­th~t ooiws up ns it Onm:l·up in w.vr..,. :uxt wo w1ll know how

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- 70 -to not, Thoir bUsiness ·is to livo tho lifo ot the nrolotnr­int. to live tho lito ot tho org~ni~~tioD nnd bo able to trnnt~lnto this into suoh tor.m ~s will constc.nbly incrcc.eo nnd dovolop tho ido~s of' tho org.nniza.tion a.nd its influence nmor.g tho workc. rs.

They hcvo to undoratnnd thnt this is no task for intolloctuc.ls c~s such. It is c. to.ak for workers. It is going to bo r. trumondously dii"t"ieult task to odueo.to tho org•• ~nizntion so thnt tho rank ~nd file take tho responsibility for tho pr:.por a.m for thorn to realize tha.t in order to lcc.rn to formulc:.to tlwir ideas in an Vl"f;<:\i....izcd \Yll.y• they r. ro ad­vn.ncing the.. clAss· strugglo r:.t home Ctnd ".broad ..

This th~n is. tho aucozxl O.Sp;Jct of fuo pc-.per, In opposition tot~ old radic~l pross which was n pro3e-writton by intoll-octu:-.ls 11i'or"_ tho workcro .. ouru would bo a. pc.por written J?:t:- tho ronks tor the intelloctuo.h and tho ~dvnnced workors. Our school wns r. school of tho third·lnyer to too.oh tho lQodors; now the lc~nls must tc~oh the cantor to edit the pt.:por. ¥/o ·hc.vu mt.l.dc !'~ fevt-stops in 'Ghr.t direction. but WA.:.!\re o. long wc.y from hr.ving nchiovod it. To D.t3suro its o.ehiovot\Ont Vlith tho printed pc:.por. wo must thorof'ol-o go tnto groc.t de­tC".il.

SOmowhoro o.mong c. vory "•ctivo rind lively rnnk nud f'ilo writing for tho. pnpor r.nd writing nbout whr.t ho knows is tho outlino o£ tho now style nnd new eontoxt wo nro sot!.rch .. ing for. It hr.s t;.pponrod in our po.mphloto:J. Row is this . cohiovomunt of tho third. ~.yer to be recognized qy the loonl~ to bo orgnn:hod.•. end thOn to send on to the cantor whoro the pnpor lYill bo printod, where the .l"in£11 docisioM will bo ~o., tUld yot where.~ orgnnir.ntion rom.a.i~ tha ~?

First and for.omost tho question of the pnpor is our cuntrnl. nativity. This· manns the question of sh~ re­ports. reports by intolluotuo.ls. locul. issuaa o.ron~t ,iust

. thrown into tho mooting._ ns n s-ort ot o.den:ium. No,. Whon ··tho local moQ1:(1•,. this is its ct'ntra.l activity. TID ruports ~~o disoussod. nnd o.nclysod c~d sittad thore. Thore tho dooiaion is -nr.do as to whc<.t is to h3 written who ia to writo it. whr.t is to l.o sent to ·tho ec.n·t:or. tho life of' tho brnnch "lld t~o whole brr.nch .----~ -----·---

Thr.t1 s whoro our nativity begins, f'irst with our­solves. tho throe lnyors in our orgo.ni1ntion. and the tota.l picture omorgos •· ~ho propnrn'tion for this rteok by wook bo­oomos tho nxis ot our notivit,y r~ ovo~body disoussos tho form tho mntorinl is to tnko -- whcthor it should bo tnkon­Up"'Dy r. columnist. in C'.n editorial. as nn nrwtodoto. Straight o.rtiolEls. inturviows. briot onitorinla,· mwa atcrios. full­length oditorir.ls -- !'rc"' tho very bog1 nning tho locnl not only offors tho m.~toric.l to tho contor but dooidos tho form

.it is to to.ko. All tho VM'iCIUS tonus ot journo.liem a.ro to be discussed ~t tJ\o hrco.noh. Othorwiao ~ ~ !!2 ~·

Publ"ishing o pnpor is no """'tourish job. T)j).t io tho tr.sio concoptinn. Tho looo.ls OBedn't nlwnys write it

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- 71 -thom~olvc,s, but they }"{.vo to decide" Tho org:-..nizor is to guide, to elicit, tc bo r.~'lt'~ro .r~nJ st.udy tho pc.por o.s n wholo nnd holp tho brr.r..oh in tho· diaoussion, but. 'boJ end lnr~o thov will bci tho editors. ·

Tnko r. n.,~.tioml is suo like tho etuol stri\co, If everybody writes r.bout it, not only tho stool workers ( thoa£J wo h..'\vo contact with) r.nd not only tl-..o Clthor workers wo bc.vo oontnct· ,·ri.th, sr:.y whnt they think. But r.lso tho potty-bour­geois pro!'oc::;or with thO.· response or his aolloc.r;uos, tho of­fice girl with tho roopc11:3o! there., tho poi·iphcry thnt is nround our orgr.nizc.tion -- llhcthor housowivos or other etro.to. of tho populnticn -- nll any vho.t they think. Scmowhora thoro, in whr.t they. will do, is o. solution to tho prcblom.

The function of our or~nizntion !s to clr.rifY "WOrkers• politics. )fo stcnd foro. OOtv form of society. Thoro is r.. very furxfn.montnl qu&stion horo in how this is rc­i"lootod .in tho pnpc.:r. It is truo thllt the pnpcr docs not sot tho ] ino in tho sC~o pt_ program, what the worker-s t'.ro to dcmnnd,. ;'ihr.t 1hcy tihould di? in cmch specific instnnce, o.s l_X;opla do n~t sot thc!f1Sclvos up a.e luo.dors. But our pnpor hr.s c llhno. r.-nd tho difforcneo betwoon the lioo which flows frOid those \4to think of thomt'olvos ns tho louders a.nd our lino in tho ecnse of c. body of idoc.ri_, doctrinoa_, e·t;c. is t}:l~.t \7e nro to clr.ri!Y workC!l"S 1 politics nnd extend them.

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. Wo don'~.; .. only: tnlk r.nd li~ten to _workers; wo intro-... du~o subj'o.cto to. workers;, We hnvo to got rid of this dnsh­

_ing _dp\•m of r.rtiol.tJs C'.IXl sending ih C'.lld putting them iJJto the 'rir.por~· Thoro j.s n') ob,ioction tc r.rtiolos being dc.shed qown., but.tho .. br~nch must coo thom_, must ho.vc nn ideo. or wbr'.t

.is going'on_, o£-\lhr.t -is g<'od :itylo_, 7thr.t is not. F~r oxr.tm"'le ·· ·-bho.- ci,uOiStion wo.s ;-~.i .. aod of going into o. 'Mlrkors• miliou_, oi' goi~ but not knowing wha.t to do. r~irst thoy listen;_ then whon' they hr:Vo Hstonod i'or o. while nnd don't knO'tl whnt to !3:o,. tnoy got tho f~ea. o!" tho old orgl!liizntion, that thoy ht:'·Y,~- .. to ·politionli~o_, to. put out' strunp upon 1~. ~ . _:., : . . • ·-Whc.t vle h~vo- to .do :l'a to give form to the. idons or the wor.lwrlil• Whr.t oppOO.l'"l!l in oux• po.pe1'" is not tho samo, thing. as tho workers· snys or meroly o.. C~ond.onsntion o£ whnt he cays. It:.is orgr.ni•od, r.nd formulr.tod, pointed nnd ohnrpc>nod, Thon thg: Workor::~o.~-og~i:zos wha.t exists ani Wnt h~ thinke nnd -whnt he. docs in r. form· thnt give a his impulses and instincts .logionl Orgr:-riiza.tion, And with this logicnl organizntion of· hb impulsO.s nnd. ~nstinots nnd dosiro.s_, the inrpulsos, in.:. st.inct.s•_, r.nd do&:tron · a.ro nC'I longer wha.t thay woro boforo • bUt hnvo r.ohiovcd r. """' q.~c.lity. .,nd .thnt now qt<\lity is

. wl:I:C'·t ~ _hr.vo to givo to it.

·: Every loonl :mootin;. ovory lo~nl mombor must be-giri."to'focl hin1srtli' not-c.n ordir..Ary vtorkor, but a. vc.ngunrd in thr.t ·sense. · Thr.t is not politier.liaing ;orht'.t tho wnrlcers sny. I_t· is something much mora profound nud difi'ioult.

This is going to put r.n end to the problom of "Miiiou," \"lo go to the t'Liliou, yoa • but wo hnvo to mko

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~ 72'?.-acmothing: of 'I'Jhr.t tho worlcor sr~s c.rd dooe thoro. Thc.t ie whr.t tho plorrum roport triod to eay, Vihat tho third lr.yor, whr'.t tho \Yorkora ar.)• .. h:'l.a to bo or gnnitod c.nd given form. It ia .t~.ot t. litorc.ry quostion, or l". quustion of etylo,. It is "· cortr.in litorr.ry roault. But first r.M foremost, it is orgr.nizod r.nd given form, tho !"crm whioh vm aa pooplo who stnnd torr. now society hr.vo nnd whioh first nnd foremost the c.vcrego rc-.nk r.nd filor in cur orga.nizr.tion hO.s.

Tho tundturcntnl thing to roooguizo is thnt thu !m­pul!u~. instincts nnd desires of tho workers~ from tho moro tnot thnt they' t"'.ro instinctive, nrc or.:tanr;lad and pennoo.ted :'.lwt-.ya with OOurgoois idcc.a. Thtl problem is how to toa.r the rovolUti onnry impulses out or this oontrndiction, A.nd cvo ry member of tho orgr.nizr-.tion must bo a.wo.ro or wh:lt ;s tc.king plcce nnd bo cblo to soc nlso into tho ultimnto lo&ical ooncltisions or vt'hat tho- workora nro so.yiDg. Wo hnve to draw it to thc.t ond very boldly. Uo hnve to lonrn to do that. Via cnn•t depend on tho workers doing th:.1.t. _

Editorinlizing is one ot tho most difficult jobs of 1he dey. You_ cc.n r.chiovo oditorinl erroct in w.rious wo.ys. You C.."''.n r.chiovo it by tm.as -- i.e. you_- give n Mlolc moss ot ~.torinl of n cortnin kiDd. just pilo it up. You cr.n r..chi-ovo it inn moro: s~ ·;~lu form# by voriety.,nnocdoto.s. lottors to tho editor. oditorinl, news sto~. all donling with tho sr.mo sub,joct mora N". loss trpm tho anme point. ot -view •. Or ~.t r. certiin str.go yau tnko n Tlholo JOODS ot lJl['.t-: crir.l, 'tcko tivo or six p:o.gos or tho rnpor, nrd you ha.ve n. trholo mc.s~~o ot corrospondonco which you dor.l With, You stim­ulnto oor-:-. .,3pondonoo., Or you dolibctt"-toly paso op.,osing vieWs~ idor.s ycu think ~.ro ontiroly wrong. '

And thon ovory looo.l .is hondling this on thrco lowlaa

1) tho motoricl it. is handling, 2) \ihat hns '!>Jon appearing in tho paper o.nd >•hnt is

likely to nppcrnzo. Every editor is nwc.ro of this n month or so r.hond ot When tho P'J.por iG coming out.

3) lihnt .is happening in the country at lr.rg~.

An oditoricl givos a rra..,work so that the tumul­tuous vr..ricd oxprosaionr; c.ro not Without some eon:~CJ ot diroo• tion, It is a sort of political guidnnco from tho luador-sh ip to tho rnnks nnd tho poriphory, !lnt.it l1ould bo flllso to think thot tho editorial is tho su•-tion of ·U\o P"J<lr•

Tho whnlo point ie thnt everybody has to c~.it tho JX'.por. A bmnoh Moting Jr.ust bo c. combimtion of tho report .. ors nnd tho c<\itors. A printod paper inc to lxl dono t'r01:1 tho cantor of course. Tho finn.l" doailions nro undo thoro. Sana ()f tho ommnonts r.nd vr.rioLI.B thill!:S thnt OC'tlllO in a.yoon't .1uat dut1pod in, It isn't r. quosticn of mnnipulnting or shaping tho papor, but wo hr.vo tc begin to odit tho pcpor. Vlo hnvo in mind tho currant issue r.nd tho next tow iseuors r.s well c,a whr.t hoo boon. in tho papor, l'!o all hr.vo to do it. The org­t",niEr.tion io i:ho editor. It hr.a to la~rn r.;hnt odlting 1:;. · Thnt is whr.t wo r.ro r.ll g"oing to bcoomo -- o?itora, Wo nre going to lon1•n to o~.it n pnpor,

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