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Cover Jalashakti HISI indd 2-3 2/6/2014 8:52:17 AM

Pre-quali ed for conducting Survey/Design and feasibility study of Micro Hydropower projects.

Design and manufactures of Electronic Circuits, ELC, IGC, Panel Boards.

Renewable technologies and other energy activities.

Center for Resource Conservation Nepal Pvt. Ltd.

(A one solution of Renewable Engery works)

Khasi Bazar, Kathmandu

Phone No.:014288730, Mob: 9851062599

ENERGY PRABARDHAN COMPANY PVT.LTD (EPC)

Manohar Aawas Chhetra-7, Gongabu, Kathmandu

Phone no.: 01-4353697, Mobile: 9851006493

Email: info@energyprabardhan.com.np & epc_5@yahoo.com

Establish For Working in the renewable energy sector(Micro/Mini hydro project).

Led by highly quali ed well experience professionals.

A pre-quali ed company by AEPC/NRREP for Micro hydro survey,design and installation.

Company Moto: Customers Sati cation

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CoverJalashaktiHISIindd4-52/6/20148:52:19AM

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sf7df8f} + @(, ldqgu/ -gofF a;kfs{ glhs_

kmf] g g+ =)!$#%$#(*, (*%!!#^$**

Email: dlecnepal@gmail.com

URL: www.dlenergy.com.np

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CoverJalashaktiHISIindd2-32/6/20148:52:17AM

Pre-quali ed for conducting Survey/Design and feasibility study of Micro Hydropower projects. Design and manufactures of Electronic Circuits, ELC, IGC, Panel Boards. Renewable technologies and other energy activities.

Center for Resource Conservation Nepal Pvt. Ltd.(A one solution of Renewable Engery works)

Khasi Bazar, KathmanduPhone No.:014288730, Mob: 9851062599

ENERGY PRABARDHAN COMPANY PVT.LTD (EPC)Manohar Aawas Chhetra-7, Gongabu, Kathmandu

Phone no.: 01-4353697, Mobile: 9851006493Email: info@energyprabardhan.com.np & epc_5@yahoo.com

Establish For Working in the renewable energy sector(Micro/Mini hydro project).

Led by highly quali ed well experience professionals.A pre-quali ed company by AEPC/NRREP for Micro hydro survey,design and installation.

Company Moto: Customers Sati cation

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Cover Jalashakti HISI indd 4-5 2/6/2014 8:52:19 AM

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Quarterly MagazineVol. No. 12Year : 2070

EditorKrishna Prasad Devkota

Consulting EditorPurna N. Ranjitkar

AdvisorSurendra Bhakta Mathema

Marketing ManagementSarmila Rayamajhi (Khadka)

DistributionPadam Raj Joshi

Nepal Micro HydropowerDevelopment Assoication

Teku (Way to FNCCI), Kathmandu NepalPhone : 4230678

E-mail: nmhda@ntc.net.npWebsite : microhydro.org.np

2TKPVGFCV Hisi Offset Printers Pvt. Ltd.

Jamal, KathmanduPhone : 01-4226416

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ca s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0fsf] nfOg lj:tf/ eO;s]sf] x'FbftL n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfxnfO{ aGb x'gaf6 /f]sL pTkflbtljB'tnfO{ s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0fdf hf]8\g ;lsg] ePsf] 5 .ldlgu|L8 nfO{ /fli6o k|;f/0f nfOgdf hf]8\g o;sf] lj:t[t;e]{If0f cWoog ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . ldlgu|L8nfO{ u|L8dfgd"gf kl/of]hgfsf ?kdf hf]8\gsf nflu pmhf{ dGqfno,jftfj/0f dGqfno, g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f / s]Gb| aLr;xdlt eO;s]sfn] l5} sfof{Gjogdf cfpg] 5 . g]kfnsfu|fdL0f If]qdf tTsfn s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0f k'ofpg g;lsg] x'Fbf:yfgLo hgtfnfO{ cGwsf/af6 d'Qm ug{ n3' hnljB't

cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .ldlgu|L8 ;~rfngaf6 w]/} ljB't pTkfbg x'g]

kl/of]hgfn] sd pTkfbg ug]{ kl/of]hgfnfO{ a9L ePsf] lah'nLpknJw u/fpg ;Sb5 eg] o;af6 ufpF3/d} demf}nf vfnsfpBf]uwGbfx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}u/L @$ ;} 306flah'nL k|fKt x'g ;Sb5 eg] s'g} sf/0fjz ljB't cfk"lt{ aGbePdf klg dd{t;Def/sf] ;dodf klg csf]{ cfof]hgfaf6pTkflbt ljB'tn] pkef]QmfnfO{ s'g} ;d:of kb}{g . o;kl/of]hgfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf cfwf/df sfo{qmdn] b]zsfcGo s]xL 7fpFdf klg ldgLu|L8 lgdf{0f ug{ ;Dej ePsf] 5. ufpFdf pTkflbt ljB'tnfO{ /fli6o k|;f/0f nfOgdf hf]8\g;lsPdf ufpFsf] ljB't zx/df / zx/sf] k};f ufpFdf n}hfg;lsg]5 .

o; gd"gf kl/of]hgfnfO{ d'n'ss} ko{6sLo pmhf{s]Gb|sf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf klg /x]sf] 5 . of]cfof]hgfsf] af/]df cWoog ug{ ljleGg b]zsf pmhf{ljb\x?cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ ;~rfng ePsf] o; kl/of]hgfn] pmhf{sf] kx'Fraf6u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ Pscfk;df hf]8\g;d]t d2t u/]sf] 5 .o; kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogkl5 :yfgLo:t/df u/LaLlgjf/0f, lzIff, n}+lus ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f,jftfj/0fLo lbuf]kgsf] ;'lglZrt ePsf] 5 .

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NPI @J0 i dRI6 0 i#email: meg061@ntc.net.np web: www.ucsmeg.com

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c;+nUg /fi6x? tyf ljsf;zLn /fi6x?sf nflulj1fg tyf k|ljlw ;+:yfsf] cu|;/tf / g]kfn lj1fg tyfk|ljlw k|1f k|lti7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf @)!# clk|n !( b]lv @@tfl/v;Dd sf7df8f}+df cGt/f{li6o sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ul/of] .dfggLo pmhf{ Pj+ lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqL pdfsfGtemfn] pb\3f6g ug'{ ePsf] pQm sfo{zfnfdf !& d'n's -ckmuflg:tfg, e"6fg, ef/t, O08f]g]l;of, O/fs, dnfjL,dn]l;of, dl/z;, DofGdf/, kfls:tfg, blIf0f clk|msf, >Ln+sf,o'uf08f, leotgfd, hflDaof / lhDafj]_ sf @@ hgfk|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . pb\3f6gsf] cj;/dfj}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs k|f= 8f=uf]ljGb /fh kf]v/]n, g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f k|lti7fgsfs'nklt k|f= 8f= ;'/]Gb| IK VIdQ], c;+nUg /fi6x? tyfljsf;zLn /fi6x?sf nflu lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ;+:yfsf lgb]{zstyf sfo{sf/L k|d'v k|f= 8f= c?0f k|sfz s'n>]i7, g]kfnlj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f k|lti7fgsf of]hgf k|d'v k|f= 8f=lr/l~hjL /]UdLn] klg cGt/f{li6o sfo{zfnfsf] dxTjdfly

k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] n3' hnljB't k|ljlw cemljsl;t t'Nofpg' kg]{df jQmfx?n] hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

gljs/0fLo phf{ ;|f]tsf] ?kdf n3' hnljB't k|ljlwcjn+jg ub}{ cfPsf ljleGg d'n'ssf lj1x? Ps} 7fpFdfe]nf e}FIFIdJI] cg'ej / ljrf/ phfu/ ub}{ n3' hnljB'tk|ljlwnfO{ cem kl/:s[t t'Nofpg ;~hfn agfpg] p2]Zosf;fy cfof]hgf ul/Psf] o; sfo{zfnfdf k|ltlglwTj ePsf;a} b]zdf eP ul/Psf pknlJwaf/] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof]eg] k|ljlwdf e}cfPsf] k|ultsf] rrf{ klg ul/Psf] lyof] . n3'hnljB't k|OMOZ FIFIdJI] d'n'sdf s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0f gk'Ug]e]udf a;f]af; ug]{ afl;Gbfx?sf nflu lah'nLsf] ;'ljwfk'ofpg ;kmn /x]sf] k|ltlglwx?n] sfo{zfnfsf] cj;/dfrrf{ u/]sf lyP eg] of] k|ljlw cem kl/dfh{g ug{ pB[t/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . g]kfnsf tkm{af6 * sfo{kq;lxt hDdf ## j6f sfo{kq sDKo'6/sf] dfWodaf6 k|:t'tul/Psf] To; sfo{zfnfaf6 w]/} s'/f hflgPsf] ;xefuLx?sf]egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .

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OMOMZ"To; cGt/fli6 o sfo {zfnfdfj}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sfk|fljlws clws[tx?, g]kfn n3'hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw;b:ox?, g]kfn hn tyf phf{k/fdz{bftf ;+3sf k|ltlglw ;b:ox?;fy} cGo ;+3 ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 klg;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf;;+:yfsf cWoIf ;'/]Gb| eQm dfy]df /dxf;lrj s[i0f k|;fb b]jsf]6fn] pQmcj;/df g]kfndf n3' hnljB'tk | ljlwdf gLlh If ]qsf ] ;lqmo;xeflutf / nufgL af/] k|:t'lts/0fub}{ n3' hnljB't If]qdf gLlh If]qn]n3' hnljB't k|ljlwaf6 u|fdL0fhgtfnfO{ nfe k'ofpg ;kmn /x]sf]:ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] .

rf/ lbgsf] pQm sfo{zfnfsf] rf}yf] lbg ;xeflux?nfO{l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] b'Dhf l:yt 5f] n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfcjnf]sg e|d0f u/fO g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf Jofjxfl/s hfgsf/Lklg u/fOPsf] lyof] .

j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb| (AEPC)/ cd]l/sL ;xof]ulgof]u (USAID Nepal) af6 sf7df8f}+df :yfkgf ul/Psf] If]qLon3' hnljBt pTs[i6tf s]Gb| (Regional Centre for Excellence

in Micro Hydro/ RCEMH) n] g]kfn,blIf0f Pl;ofsf ;fy} ;+ej ePsf;a} d'n'sx?sf nflu ;xof]u ug{ /cfk;L ;xof]usf] nflu ;~hfnagfO{ n3' hnljB't k|ljlw k|j4{gsf]sfd ug{ OR5's ePsf] hfgsf/Lklg sfo{zfnfsf] cj;/df u/fPsf]lyof] .sfo{zfnfsf] cf}krfl/s ;dfkgcl3 o; sfo{zfnfdf p7]sf d'Voljifox? ;d]6]/ cfufdL lbgsf nflulbzf lgb]{z x'g] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?;xeflu /fi6x?sf k|ltlglw dfkm{tgLlt tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{tfx? ;dIfhfgsf/L u/fpg sf7df8f}+ l/;f]n';gklg hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .o; sfo{zfnf d"ntM c;+nUg/fi6 x? tyf ljsf;zLn

/fi6x?sf nflu lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ;+:yfsf] tTjfjwfgdfcfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] eg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] j}slNks pmhf{k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] ;xof]u /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfn n3' hnzlQmljsf; ;+:yf, hn tyf phf{ k/fdz{bftf ;+3 g]kfn, lqe'jgOM=MOM%IQRi]G6/ km/ OghL{ :68Lh\, sf7df8f}+ ljZjOM%IQRi/2{kL6LO{sf] klg ;xof]u /x]sf] lyof] .

-hnzlQm ;Dkfbg sIf_

W^ Manufacturing and Installation of Peltric set, Micro Hydro Turbines, PenstockPipe, Sluice Gate, Trashrack, Control Panels, ICG, ELC, Steel Poles, WindPower, etc.

Natole, Pulchowk, Latitpur-20,P.O. Box 176, Latitpur,

Tel-5547485, 5541864, Fax-01-5547485Email- housing@ntc.net.np

,,^ W>.

Technical Group of Housing & Micro Hydropower Scheme

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g]kfnsf] n3' hnljB't k|ljlwn] b]z aflx/ klgdgUo] k|lti7f sdfPsf] 5 eGbf st}af6 xf]Og xf]nf eGg]kSs} ;'lgg] 5}g . nlntk'/sf] uf]bfj/Ldf ;g\ !(^@ df %lsnf]jf6 Ifdtfsf] k|f]k]n/ 6af{Og h8fg u/L cf/De ePsf]n3' hnljB't ofqf ;g\ @)!! ;Dddf @%)) j6f :yfkgful/Psf] / tL ;a}af6 nueu @# d]ufjf6 lah'nL pTkfbg e}@)),))) eGbf a9L 3/w'/Ln] lah'nL aQLsf] ;'ljwf k|fKtu/]sf] eGg] s'/fn] o; If]qdf nfu]sfx?sf] nflu ;Gt'li6k:s]sf] 5 / cfkm"n] u/]sf] ldx]gtn] kmn lbPsf] eGg] cg'eju/]sf 5g\ . olt pNn]vgLo pknlJw k|fKt ug{ jf:tjdfg]kfnsf oGq k|fljlwsx? / k|zf;sx?sf] 7"nf] kl/>d nfu]sf]5 . pxfFx?sf] of]ubfg ;bf :d/0fLo /xg]5 eg] n3' hnljB'tljsf;sf nflu lqmofzLn lghL sDkgLkmd{x?sf] ;femf;+:yf g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfn] ct'ngLo of]ubfgk'ofpg' ePsf JolQmTjx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ kl/kf6L cl3a9fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

;+:yfsf] o; ;b\p2]Zo cg'?k lj=;+= @)&) sf] df3df;DkGg ePsf] ;+:yfsf] PsfO;f}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf]cj;/;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;+:yfn] >L cSsndfg gsdL{, >LZofd/fh k|wfg, >L >Ls[i0f pkfWofo, >L >Lw/ b]jsf]6f,

>L b]jfg l;+ yfkf, >L k'ik lrqsf/, k|f=8f= uf]ljGb /fhkf]v/]n, >L s[i0f axfb'/ gsdL{, >L lzj k|;fb clwsf/L />L cho sfsL{nfO{ pxfFx?sf] of]ubfgnfO{ sb/ ub}{ ;Ddfgul/;s]sf] 5 . o;/L sd{7 JolQmTjx?nfO{ ;Ddfg lbP/g]kfnsf] n3' hnljB't k|ljlw / pkof]lutf cfkm} klg phfu/x'Fb} cfPsf] klg Ps y/Lsf] a'emfO /x]sf] kfOG5 eg] gofFgf}nf kl/kf6Lsf ;fy sf];]9'f lgdf{0fdf nfu]sfx? xf}l;Psf]klg dfGg ;lsG5 . g]kfndf n3' hnljB't k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sfnflu lj=;+= @)@^ b]lv nfdf] ;do;Dd oGq pks/0f lgdf{0fdfcWoog cg';gwfg;lxt l;h{gzLn of]ubfg ug'{ ePsfcSsndfg gsdL{nfO{ lj=;+= @)^^ df g]kfn n3' hnzlQmljsf; ;+:yfn] ;Ddfg u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf klxnf] k]N6g6af{Og lgdf{0fsf] >]o klg cSsn dfg gsdL{n] kfpg' ePsf]5 . k]lN6s ;]6sf] lgdf{0fsf ;fy} Jofks pkof]usf nflu klgpxfFsf] of]ubfg k|z+;gLo /x]sf]5 .

o;}u/L lj=;+= @)!^ ;fnb]lv g} oflGqs pks/0flgdf{0fdf nflu /xg' ePsf Zofd/fh k|wfgnfO{ klg g]kfnsf]n3' hnljB't ljsf;sf nflu 6af{Og cflb lgdf{0f ub}{ dgUo]of]ubfg ug'{ ePsf]df ;+:yfn] lj=;+= @)^& df ;Ddfg u/]sf]lyof] .

n3' hnljB't k|ljlw ljsf; / pkof]lutfsf nflu

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g]kfnsf] n3' hnljB't ljsf;sf nflu cg'bfgpknJw ug]{ gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ s[lif ljsf; a}+sn]ljutdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] lyof] . >L >Ls[i0fpkfWofo To; a}+ssf] cWoIf tyf dxfk|jGws x'g' ePsf]tfsf pxfFsf] JolQmut cu|;/tfdf lqmofsnfk u/]/ klgg]kfndf n3' hnljB't ljsf;sf nflu 7"nf] of]ubfg ePsf]dfpkfWofonfO{ ;+:yfsf] !& cf}+ ;fwf/0f;efsf] cj;/df ;Ddflgtul/Psf] lyof] .

;f]xL cj;/df ;+:yfaf6 >Lw/ b]jsf]6fnfO{ pxfFn]g]kfnsf] n3' hnljB't ljsf;sf nflu 6af{Og l8hfOg /lgdf{0f / :t/f]Ggltsf nflu gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;d]t pNn]vgLokl/>d ug'{ ePsf]df ;/fxgf ub}{ ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] lyof] .

g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfsf cWoIf >L;'/]Gb|eQm dfy]dfnfO{ hn tyf pmhf{ k/fdz{bftf ;+3 g]kfn-ljSofg_ n] nfOkm 6fOd PlrEfd]06 cjf8{ lbP/ ;Ddfgu/]sf] 5 . ljSofgsf] kfFrf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] cj;/dfcfof]lht Ps ;df/f]x aLr sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly g]kfn;/sf/ phf{ dGqfnosf ;lrj >L ljZj k|sfz kl08tn]bf];Nnf cf]9fO >L dfy]dfnfO{ lt;f}F jif{b]lv g]kfndf n3'hnljB't k|ljlw ljsf; / k|j4{gsf nflu ug'{ePsf] ct'ngLoof]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ ;Ddfgkq x:tfGt/0f ug'{ ePsf]lyof] . pQm cj;/df k|d'v cltly >L kl08t, ljSofgsflgjt{dfg cWoIf k|f= 8f= /d]z s'df/ df:s], j}slNks pmhf{k|j4{g s]Gb|sf ;L O{ sDkf]g]G6 Dofg]h/ >L hubLz vf]Fh"

To;}u/L o; If]qnfO{ hfu?s / lhjGt t'NofpFb} ;f9]tLg bzsb]lv oGq pks/0f lgdf{0f tyf h8fg ub}{ cfpg'ePsf b]jfg l;+ yfkfnfO{ ;+:yfsf] !( cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf]cj;/df ;Ddfg ul/of] . ;+:yfsf] ;Nnfxsf/ ;d]t /xg'ePsf yfkfn] ljutdf nfdf] ;do;Dd cWoIf kbdf a;]/;+:yfnfO{ g]t[Tj ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB'tcfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu ;e]{ ug]{ / lj:t[t l8hfOg ug{;xh x'g] Ps ?ktf klg x'g] / To;sf nflu cfjZos cfly{skIf klg ljZn]if0f ug{ pko'Qm sDKo'dM]/ agfO{ g]kfnnufot ljb]zdf ;d]t Voflt sdfPsf k'ik lrqsf/sf]of]ubfgnfO{ ;d'lrt d"Nofg ub}{ g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf;;+:yfn]FIdJI] !( cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf] cj;/df ;Ddfg

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/ j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb| ;L O{ sDkf]g]G6sf /fli6o;Nnfxsf/ >L dw';'bg clwsf/Ln] >L dfy]dfsf] of]ubfgsf]k|z+;f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;Ddflgt x'g' ePsf >L dfy]dfn]klg cfk\mgf] cg'ejsf] rrf{ ub}{ o; If]qdf cem} w]/} sfdug{ afFsL /x]sf] / ;a} ldn]/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ ;dosf] dfu/x]sf] eGg] cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf] s'/f JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

cfk\mgf] >d, ;Lk, ;do / k"FhL ;b'kof]u ub}{ g]kfnsf]n3' hnljB't k|ljlw ljsf; / k|j4{gsf nflu of]ubfgk'ofpFb} ljb]zdf ;d]t Voflt cfh{g ug'{ePsf k|fljlws>L cSsndfg gsdL{ / >L Zofd/fh k|wfgnfO{ ljSofgn]o;cl3sf jif{x?df nfOkm 6fOd PlrEfd]06 cjf8{ lbP/;Ddfg ul/;s]sf] 5 .

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ub}{ ;Ddflgt x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof ^ k'ofO of] If]qsf] ljsf;sfnflu ;do, ;Lk, ;fwg, >f]tsf] ;b'kof]u ub}{ cfpg' ePsfJolQmTjx?sf] plrt ;Ddfg ug]{ sfo{ lg/Gt/ hf/L/fVg] k|ltj4tf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 eg]j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/Llgb ] {zs k | f = 8f= uf ] ljGb /fhkf]v/]nnfO{ ;f] s]Gb|sf] k|d'v eP/ /aflx/ x' Fbf klg n3' hnljB'tk | lj lwsf ] ljsf;, k |j4 {g /Jofj;flostfsf nflu lg/Gt/;fy{s k|of; ub}{ lbzf lgb]{z;d]t ub}{ cfpg' ePsf]dfpxfFaf6 o; If]qdf cem a9L of]ubfgsf] ck]Iff ub}{ aL;f}F;fwf/0f;efsf] cj;/df ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L n3'hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf nflu cfjZos 6af{Ogx? lgdf{0f /lgdf{0fsf nflu l8hfOg ug]{ sfddf ljut tLg bzsb]lvcys ;]jf ub}{ cfpg'ePsf >L s[i0f axfb'/ gsdL{nfO{ klg

pmhf{df kx'Fr gk'u]sf u|fdL0f / b'u{d ufpF7fpFsfafl;Gbfsf nflu n3' hnljB't k|ljlw Pp6f ljsNksf] ?kdf:yflkt e};s]sf] 5 . o;af6 sd cfo ePsf / sd cj;/dfhLjg wfGg jfWo JolQmx?sf nflu hLjg:t/ psf:gsf nflue/y]u x'g ;Sg] cj;/ l;h{gf ePsf] kfOG5 / sDtLdf klgs]6fs]6Lx?sf] n]vfO{ k9fO{df ;xhtf cfPsf] cj:yfnfO{;Gtf]ifhgs pknlJw dfGg ;lsPsf] 5 . o;/L g]kfn, kfls:tfg,>Ln+sf / ckmuflg:tfgsf] ;Gbe{df n3' hnljB't ljsf;n]/fd|f] kl/0ffd lbPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfn nufotsf oL d'n'sx?dfsof}F ;+Vofdf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx? lgdf{0f e};s]sf] ePklg gLlt lgdf{tf, lgdf{0fstf{, nufgLstf{, ljQLo ;+:yfnufotsf;/f]sf/jfnfx? cem hfu?s t'Nofpg cfjZos 5 . ljB'tsf]s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0f nfOg k'Ug g;Sg] b'u{d e]udf n3' hnljB'tsf]dfWodaf6 hgtfsf] ljB'tsf] dfu k"/f ug{ oL ;a} kIfsf]Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg 5'} lgsfo :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{

aL;f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] cj;/df ;Ddfg ul.Psf] lyof] . To;cj;/df k|d'v cltly x'g' ePsfdfggLo lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0fdGqL 8f= s]zjdfg zfSon] pxfFx?b'a} hgfnfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fO ;Ddfgkqx:tfGt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

o;}u/L ;+:yfsf] PsfO;f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf ] cj;/df 6af {Og tyf

cfjZos cGo oGq pks/0f lgdf{0f sfo{dfnfdf ] ;dob]lv of ]ubfg ub} { cfpg'ePsf >L lzjk|;fb clwsf/L / n3' tyf ;fgf hnlB't cfof]hgfx?sfnflu l;len lgdf{0f ;xh t'Nofpg dfu{bz{s ;xh sfo{k4lt agfpg of]ubfg ug'{ePsf >L cho sfsL{nfO{ k|d'vcltly ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:o >L uug yfkfaf6 bf];Nnfcf]9fpFb} ;Ddfgkq x:tfGt/0f u/]/ ;Ddfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

-hnzlQm ;Dkfbg sIf_

Wofgdf /fv]/ n3' hnljBtsf] nflu If]qLo pTs[i6tfs]Gb| g]kfndf :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;xof]u;+u7g -;fs{_ /fi6x? / ;]/f]km]/f]sf nflu ;d]t ;]jf k'ofpg]p2]Zosf ;fy ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sL ;xof]u lgof]u (USAID)sf] cu|;/tfdf ;~rflnt blIf0f Pl;of If]qLo pmhf{ cu|;/tf-;fl/OghL{{_ sfo{qmdsf] lj:tfl/t / s]lGb|s[t cfsf/df of]s]Gb| lj= ;+= @)^& ;fndf :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] .

n3' hnljB't k|ljlw ljsf; / pkof]u u/L g]kfnn]ljZjdf pbfx/0f k|:t't ul/;s]sf] ;Gbe{df blIf0f Pl;of,o;sf] ;]/f]km]/f]sf ;fy} cGo d'n'sx?nfO{ ;d]t g]kfnn];3fpg ;Sg] x'gfn] j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] n3'hnljB'tsf nflu If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|l;t ;xsfo{ ub}{cfPsf] 5 .

n3' hnljB'tsf nflu If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb| -5f]6s/Ldf If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|_ n] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{

Q KQOM%WVI QIOX ,I@T/R S7V>LWI V@*E|Regional Centre for Excellence in Micro Hydro (RCEMH)

blIf0f Pl;of If]qLo n3' hnljB't ;~hfn

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lhNnf :t/Lo pmhf { cfjZostf / cfk"lt{sfpkfox?sf af/]df / df}h"bf l:yltsf af/]df cWoog,cg';Gwfgsf k|ltj]bg cflb tYof ;+sng ug]{ / clen]v/fVgsf nflu kxn u/]/ If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|n] pmhf{ldof] e} ;]jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

If]qLo ahf/df gjLs/0fLo pmhf{df nufgL clej[l4ug{ If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|n] ljz]ifu/L ljQLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?/ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{x?sf] ;/;Nnfx / ;+jfbsf nflue]63f6sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf nflu cfjZos oGqpks/0f cfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{x? / pTkfbsx?sf] ;xh;+jfb x'g] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|n]

kxn ug{ ;Sg]5 .ljZj:t/Lo ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{

pko f ] u u/ ] / n3 ' hnljB 'tcfof]hgf lgdf{0fstf{x? nufotsf;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{;Sg]5 .

n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sfljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] :t/f]Gglt Pp6f cTofjZoskf6f] e} cfPsf] ;Gbe{df tL ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ !)))lsnf]jf6;Ddsf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf nflucfjZos ;]jf tyf cfk"lt{sf nflu ;Ifd t'Nofpg ;xof]uug{ ;Sg]5 .

I f ] q Lo pTs [ i6t f s ] Gb |n ] n3 ' hnljB 'tcfof]hgfx?sf nflu cfjZos oGq pks/0f cflbsf] u'0f:t/k/LIf0f / lgwf{/0f ug{ / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ sd d"Nodf/fd|f] u'0f:t/sf ;]jfsf ;fy} oGq pks/0f cflb pTkfbg/ ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .

n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx? -;g\ @))& kl5g]kfndf :yfkgf ul/Psf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx? ;d]t_:jR5 pmhf{ ;+oGq -;L8LPd_ cGtu{t btf{ e} ljZjahf/af6 kmfObf lng;Sg] l:ylt ePsf] ;+be{df :jR5pmhf{ ;+oGq k|lqmofsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;xof]uug{ ;Sg]5 .

o; If]qdf sfo{/t k|fljlwsx?nfO{ n3' hnljB'tcfof]hgfx? ;~rfng / ;Def/sf nflu pko'Qm 1fg /;Lk k|bfg ug{ cfjZos sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

pkef ]Qmf :t/sf ;fdlhs sfo{stf {x?nfO {;d'bfosf] a9L ;] a9L nfesf] nflu ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf;+jGwdf k|lzIf0fx? cfof]hgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] ;xh / lgjf{w

k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ug]{ ;+jGwdf gLlt / cg'ejdf kl5 k/]sfgLlt lgdf{tf, lgdf{0fstf{, nufgLstf{, ljQLo ;+:yf h:tf;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ / u|L8eGbf 6f9f /x]sfufpF7fpFsf pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ klg ;xof]u x'g ;Sg] sfo{qmdcl3 a9fpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . To;}u/L n3' hnljB't k|ljlw/ pkof]usf] 1fg / ;Lksf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf] sfd ug]{ / ;a}k|sf/sf Ifdtf clej[l4 ub}{ n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?:jfjnDjL 9+un] lbuf] kl/rfngsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ nIolnPsf] 5 .

If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|n] FIdJI VIR {If]qdf n3'hnljB't k|ljlw / pkof]lutf k|j4{g ug{ Jofj;flos;]jf pknJw u/fpFb} n3' hnljB't ljsf;df sfo{/tlgsfo, ;+:yf / JolQmx?nfO{ cem;Ifd t'Nofpg' kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{Wofgdf /fv]/ k/fdz{, ;/;Nnfxe |d0 f c f lbsf ] d f Wod ; lxtsfo{zfnf, k|lzIf0f, e|d0f sfo{qmdx?cfof]hgf ug]{ pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 .

j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|;+j4 clwsf/Lx? / k/fdz{bftfx?af6 k|fKt ;'emfjnfO{Wofgdf /fv]/ If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|n] n3' hnljB'tk|ljlw / pkof]lutf k|j4{g ;+jlGwt 1fg Joj:yfkgk|lzIf0f, cfof]hgf k/Lj]If0f / k|fljlws ;xof]u h:tfsfo{qmdx? cfof]hgf ubf{ o; If]qsf] cfjZostf k"lt{sfnflu ;xof]u k'Ug] eGg] a'em]sf] 5 .

If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|n] pNn]v u/]sf cTofjZos,dxTjk"0f{ / pT;fxj4{s sfo{x?sf] ?k/]vf o; k|sf/5g\ .

n3' hnljB't k|ljlw / pkof]lutf k|j4{gsf nflugLlt lgdf{tfx? / ;/f]sf/jfnfx? gLlt lgdf{0f ubf{ Wofgk'ofpg' kg]{ ljifoj:t' af/] ljrf/ ljlgdo / k/fdz{cflbsf nflu If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|n] ;xof]u ug'{ pko'Qmx'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu g]kfnsf] cg'ej cGod'n'sdf / cGo d'n'ssf] cg'ej g]kfndf pko'Qm x'g]xb;Dd ljrf/ k'ofpg ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;sfnflu a]nf avtdf If]qLo sfo{zfnfx? cfof]hgfsf] Joj:yfldnfpg] If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|sf] pT;'stf b]lvPsf] 5 .

ljB'tLo dfWodx? ;'ne / ;/n ePsf] ljBdfgcj:yfdf a]j;fO6sf] dfWodaf6 ;"rgf / hfgsf/Lsf]Joj:yfkg ug{ If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|n] sfd yfn]sf] 5 .o;sf nflu 8f6fa];, ljB'tLo clen]v, ljB'tLo k':tsfno,;+jfb ;~hfn tof/ ug]{ sfdsf] yfngL u/]sf]5 .

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;~rfngsf ] nflu ;xof ]u k'Ug] u/L u|fdL0f:t/sfk|fljlwsx?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ pkNnf]:t/sf] k|fljlwsk|lzIf0f / cfof]hgf lgdf{tfx?sf nflu Joj:yfkg ;z'Nsk|lzIf0f lbO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;af6 ljleGg d'n'ssfk|fljlwsx?sf ;fy} >f]t kl/rfnsx?n] n3' hnljB'tk|ljlw ;+j4 cfof]hgf l8hfOg, h8fgsfo{, k/LIf0f,cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f, gLltut Jojxfl/stf, cfof]hgfcjnf]sgdf bIftf xfFl;n ug]{5g\ .

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno h:tfz}lIfs ;+:yfgdf n3' hnljB't k|ljlw / pkof]lutf k|j4{gljifo cWoog cg';Gwfg / k7g kf7g u/fpg ;xof]uug]{ / To;af6 ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ kmfObf x'g] u/L;~rf/ ;+jfb ug{ ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;}u/L n3'hnljB't k|ljlw / pkof]lutf k|j4{gsf nflu ljleGglgsfo / ;+:yfx?af6 lbOg] k|lzIf0f cflbsf] :t/ If]qLopTs[i6tf s]Gb|sf] cu|;/tfdf ljZjljBfnox? / cGolgsfox?af6 lgwf{/0f ug{ ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .

Ps d'n'ssf] ljlzi6 ;]jf jf pTkfbg jf b'a} cGod'n'sdf k|j4{g ug{ d2t ug]{ / u|fdL0f:t/df ;d]t nfek'ofpg ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .

pk/f]Qm ;+be{df, n3' hnljB'tsf nflu If]qLopTs[i6tf s]Gb|af6 xfn;Dd cfof]hgf u/]sf, ;~rfngu/]sf / ;xefuL ePsf lqmofsnfkx?df c;+nUg/fi6x?sf ;fy} ljsf;zLn /fi6x?sf] lj1fg tyf k|ljlwpTyfgdf ;lqmo ;+:yf c;+nUg /fi6x?sf lj1fg tyf

k|ljlw s]Gb|, g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlwk|lti7fg / j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{gs]Gb |n ] ; +o 'Qm ?kdf cfof ] lhtljsf;zLn /fi6x?sf nflu n3'hn ljB 't k | l j lw ;Dd ]ng;~rfngdf ;xo f ] u u/ ] /s fo { q mdnfO { cTo lws ;kmnt'Nofpgdf e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf]lyof] . ;g\ @)!# clk|n !( b]lv @@;Dd sf7df8f} Fdf cfof]lht pQm;Dd]ngdf g]kfn;lxt @@ /fi6sfk|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf ]lyof] . o; ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuLx?n]FIiFIdJI G 'n 'sdf eP ul/PsfpknlJwdfly k |sfz kfb } { n3 'hnljB 't k | lj lwnfO { ljsl;t

t'Nofpg] / cem hgd'vL t'Nofpg Pscfk;df ;xof]uug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP .

;"rgf k|rf/ k|;f/ Pp6f ;zQm / cTofjZosdfWod ePsf]n] If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|n] k|yd r/0fdfFIdJI ] pkl:ylt, cf}lrTo, p2]Zo, ;+/rgf, sfo{gLlt cflbaf/] hfgsf/L ;j{ ;'ne t'Nofpg j]a;fO6 cknf]8ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;} u/L s]xL j[Qlrq tof/ u/]sf] 5 eg]a|f]Zo'/ k|sfzg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf;;+:yfsf] n3' hnljB't ufpFsf] gd'gf e"b[ZonfO{ ;Def/u/L If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|sf] sfof{no kl/;/df ;';lHht/ ;'/lIft ?kdf /flvPsf] 5 .

n3' hnljB't k|ljlw ljsf;df ;+nUg g]kfnsfgLlh If]qsf sDkgLx?sf] ljz]iftf / Ifdtfsf af/] lj:t[thfgsf/L ;+sng u/L cfjZos k|rf/ k|;f/sf] nflu If]qLopTs[i6tf s]Gb|n] tof/L ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

If]qLo pTs[i6tf s]Gb|sf] ;~rfng j}slNks pmhf{k|j4{g s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cWoIf /xg' x'g] / g]kfnn3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yf, hn tyf pmhf{ k/fdz{bftf;+3 g]kfn, :jtGq ljB't pTkfbs ;+3 g]kfn, lqe'jgljZjljBfno, sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf k|ltlglwTj x'g]sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 x'G5 eg] If]qLo pTs[i6tfs]Gb|sf] nflu lgo'Qm x'g] k|jGws sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg;ldltsf] ;b:o ;lrj x'g] Joj:yf 5 . sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg;ldltsf] lg0f{onufotsf pTs[i6tf s]Gb|sf] ;a} sfdsfhsf] lhDd]jf/L k|jGwsdf /x]sf] x'G5 .

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n3' hnljB't If]q ljsf;sf nflu sfo{/t ;e]{ tyf

l8hfOg ug]{ sDkgLkmd{x?, oGq tyf pks/0f lgdf{0f ug]{sDkgLkmd{x? / h8fg tyf :yfkgf ug]{ sDkgLkmd{x?sf]jflif{s sfo{ Ifdtf %,))) lsnf]jf6 k'u]sf] cfng ul/Psf]xfnsf] k|l/k|]Iodf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?af6 cfufdL % jif{dfyk @%,))) lsnf]jf6 n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?af6 pTkfbgu/L b'u{d ufpF7fpFsf afl;GbfnfO{ lah'nL ;'ljwfdf kx'Frk'ofpg] nIo lng' :jefljs dfGg' k5{ .

o;} ;+be{df, pknlJwsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 n3' hnljB'tIf]q pT;flxt ePsf] ePklg cWoog, cg';Gwfg, k|lzIf0f,;"rgf ;+u|xsf plrt k|jGw ug]{ b[li6sf]0fn] Pp6f n3'hnljB't k|fljlws s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/Pdf cToGt pkof]uL x'g]lgisif{sf ;fy g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfn] sf7df8f}+sf]kmlk{ glhs ;]tLb]jL uflj; j8f g+= * l:yt wldn] vf]nfsf]kfgLaf6 #&+ lsnf]jf6sf] n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf :yfkgfug]{ lgZro u/L ;+jlGwt uflj; sfof{nosf] /f]xa/df u7g

l;t ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] / ;f]xL adf]lhd @)^( ;fnsf] dWocfiff9af6 l;len lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} To; :yfgghLs /x]sf] l;dnwf/f vf]N;fsf] kfgLnfO{ pkof]u u/L!) lsnf]jf6 Ifdtfsf]TPdQI] 6af{Og h8fg ug{sf nflucfjZos sfd klg yfln;s]sf] 5 . o;/L o; cfof]hgfcGtu{t Ps} kfj/xfp;df b'O{ 6af{Og h8fg u/L lah'nLpTkfbg ul/g] / pTkflbt lah'nL l;Gqmf]gfOh u/]/ pkof]udfNofOg]5 eg] g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] k|;f/0f nfOgdf klghf]8\g cfjZos kxn ul/g] of]hgf /flvPsf] 5 .

tTsflng dfggLo lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0fdGqL 8f= s]zj dfg zfSoHo"af6 g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf;;+:yfsf] la;f}F ;fwf/0f;efsf] cj;/df o; gd"gf n3'hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] kfj/xfp;sf] lznfGof;sf] sfd klg;DkGg e};s]sf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{gs]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs k|f= 8f= uf]ljGb /fh kf]v/]nHo"/ ;+:yfsf cWoIf ;'/]Gb| eQm dfy]dfHo"n] lznfGof;sf] nflu

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;xof]u ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lznfGof;sf] cj;/df :yfgLosfo{qmddfem :yfgLo ;xof]u ;ldltsf] dfunfO{ ;+jf]wgug'{sf ;fy} :yfgLo ;|f]t kl/rfngsf] ;Defjgf s]nfpFb} k|f=8f= uf]ljGb /fh kf]v/]nn] o; gd"gf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf/x]sf] uflj; / ;]/f]km]/f]df ;f}o{ pmhf{, afof]UofF;sf ;fy} jfo'pmhf{ h:tf gljs/0fLo phf{sf cGo k|ljlwsf] klg:yfkgf ug{ j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|af6 kxn x'g ;Sg]ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ ePsf] :d/0fLo 5 .D`VI@ [RI@X0J@NIQ Q KQ]O4P OMVI \IVI@ N_RI

d'n'ssf] klxnf] hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ?kdf ;g\!(!! df :yfkgf ul/Psf] kmlk{ kfj/ xfp; /x]sf] :yfgghLs :yfkgf ul/g] gd"gf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf cfocfh{gsf] lx;fan] ;fgf] :t/sf] cfof]hgf eP klg o;cfof]hgf d"ntM k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsl;t ul/g'sf;fy} cWoog cg';Gwfg, ;"rgf s]Gb| / k|rf/ k|;f/sf nfluklg k|z:t pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfaf6 n3' hnljB'tcfof]hgfx?sf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm lgdf{0fsf nflu;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] ljleGg tflnd sfo{qmdx? o;} :yfgdfs]lGb|t ug{ ;lsg] jftfj/0fsf] ljsf; x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;gd"gf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] k"0f{ pkof]u ePdf ;a}nfO{nfe k'Ug] ;a}sf] ;f]rfO{sf ;fy :yfgLo ;+:yf tyf JolQmx?klg o; sfo{df tbf?stfsf ;fy nfu]sf] kfOG5 .

of] cfof]hgfnfO{ ;'Gb/ k|:t'lts/0fsf] ?kdf :yfkgfug{ o; If]qdf nfu]sf ;a}sf] plrt e"ldsf ;d]t /xg]Joj:yf ug{ g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfn] cjwf/0ff/fv]sf] 5 . o;/L ;/sf/L lgsfox?, lzIf0f ;+:yfgx?,u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, ;e]{ tyf l8hfOg ug]{ sDkgLkmd{x?,oGq tyf pks/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ sDkgLkmd{x? / h8fg tyf:yfkgf ug]{ sDkgL kmd{x?sf ;fy} ;xof]uL Joj;flossDkgL kmd{x?n]FIdJI] :yfg ;'/lIft /fVg ;lsG5 . yfkfOlGhgLol/ O08li6h k|f= ln= af6 #& lsnf]jf6sf] k]N6g6af{Og lgdf{0f u/L cfof]hgf :yndf k'ofO;s]sf] 5 eg] !)lsnf]jf6sf]TPdQI] 6af{Og g]kfn oGqzfnf OghL{af6 pknJwe};s]sf] 5 . o;}u/L k]g:6s kfOk / cGo d]sflgsn ;fdu|LPk|f]lk|o6 OlGhgLol/, uf}td OghL{ O08li6h k|f= ln=, g]kfnd]zLg P08 :6Ln :6Sr/, gy{ OlGhgLol/ sDkgL k|f= ln=,cf]lzg kfj/ ;le{;]h\ k|f= ln=, o'lge;{n OSjLkd]G6 k|f=ln=,8L Pn OghL{ sG;g{ k|f= ln=af6 k|fKt ul/ ;s]sf] 5 .qmDK6g P08 u|LE;af6 pTkfbg ul/g] h]g]/]6/ b'O{ j6f eg]cf+lzs e'QmfgL x'g] u/L OghL{ 8]EnKd]06 ;le{;]h\ sDkgLk|f= ln=af6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o;/L s]xL sDkgL kmd{x?af6

gub ;xof]u klg pknJw ul/Psf] 5 . j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{gs]Gb| / u|fdL0f hghLjgsf nflu gljs/0fLo pmhf{ sfo{qmdaf6klg wldn] vf]nf gd"gf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf :yfkgfug{sf nflu gub ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o; gd"gf n3'hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ;e]{ l8hfOgsf o'lge;{n sG;N6\ofG;L;le{;]h\ k|f= ln= sf] ;xof]uaf6 ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/Ll;Gqmf]gfOh];gsf] sfdsf] nflu kfj/ 6]s g]kfn k|f= ln= af6/ O{Pn;L af]8{ k|L;' On]S6f]lgS; k|f= ln= af6 ;xof]u k|fKtx'g]5 .[RI@XVI@ SNRI@OXWI

gd"gf n3' hnljB't kl/of]hgfsf] ?kdf n3' hnljB'tk|fljlws s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug'{ eg]sf] of] If]qsf] lbuf] ljsf;df;dlk{t Joj;flos sfo{ g} xf] . o;af6 n3' hnljB't k|ljlwljsf;sf nflu cWoog cg';Gwfg / k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nflu/ ;"rgf / hfgsf/Ld"ns pkof]usf nflu cfjZos sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ ;xh, ;'ne, :yfoL / ;'ud uGtJo tof/ x'g]ePsf]n] b'u{d ufpF7fpFsf afl;Gbfx?nfO{ ;d]t sDtLdflah'nLsf] ;'ljwf lbgsf nflu lqmofzLn /x]sf] n3' hnljB'tk|ljlwn] Pp6f cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] ?kdf o; s]Gb|nfO{ pkof]uug{ kfpg]5 . o; k|ljlwsf] lbuf]kgfsf nflu lqmofzLn /xg'kg]{ cfhsf] cfjZostf eljiodf klg plQs} ;fGble{s /xg];f]rfO{sf sf/0f o; gd"gf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf cempkof]uL x'g] s'/fdf ljZjf; lng ;lsg] cfwf/ b]lvG5 .

n3' hnljB't k|fljlws s]Gb|sf ?kdf ;~rfngul/g] o; gd'gf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf cfufdL @)&!cfiff9;Dddf :yfkgfsf ;a} sfd ;DkGg ug]{ nIo lnOPsf]RVIQIOX" #i3VVI]8 afx nfvkrf;L xhf/ ?k}Fof_ dfq hUuf k|flKtsf] nflu afx]s vr{ x'g]cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . k|fljlws cWoog cg';Gwfg, k|lzIf0fsfo{qmdx?sf nflu cfjZos x'g] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf nflua]Un} lgdf{0f sfo{qmd kl5 NofOg]5 .[RI@XVI@ M"N0

;+;f/e/ g} cfkm"nfO{ lrQ a'em]sf] ;+3 ;+:yf dfkm{tdg nfu]sf] ;fdflhs sfo{ / dg nfu]sf] If]q pTyfgsf nflu;xof]u (contribution) lbg] rng rNb} cfPsf] kl/k|]IodfljleGg lgsfo, lzIf0f ;+:yfgx?, o; ;+:yfl;t cfj4 /x]sfsDkgLkmd{x?sf ;fy} ;xof]uL sDkgLkmd{x?af6 ;+:yfut;xof]u lnOg]5 . k|fKt ;xof]usf] ;f}Gbo{ hu]gf{ ug{ To;sf]dxTj / dfqfsf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f klg ul/g] .s_ ;xof]u d"ntM gubdf :jLsf/ ul/g]5 .v_ s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu oGq tyf pks/0f / ;fdu|L k|fKt ug]{iN]g:6s, eNe, 6af{Og, h]g]/]6/, sG6f]n

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u_ s'g} Ps lgsfo jf ;+:yfn] l;Gqmf]gfOh];g ;DjGwL ;a}nfut pknJw u/L ;xof]u ug{ rfx]df :jfut ul/g]]5 .

3_ s'g} Ps lgsfo jf ;+:yfn]cNIM[ISVI] l;len lgdf{0fdfq ul/lbg rfx]df ;f]sf] :jfut ul/g]5 .

_ s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ ;b:o sDkgL kmd{x?sf ;+rfnsx?jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ pkof]u ul/g]k|fljlws ;]jfsf] d"Nof+sg u/L To;sf] pNn]v lglb{i6:yfgdf ul/g]5 .

[RI@X[RI@X/["VI@FOHQ@@Y0n3' hnljB't k|fljlws s]Gb|sf ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g]

o; gd"gf n3' hnljB't kl/of]hgf :yfkgf ug{ k|fKt ul/g];xof]u / dgsf/L ;xof]uLx?sf] clen]v ;';lHht t'Nofpgo;} s]Gb|df Pp6f ljz]if :yfgsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . To;

:yfgdf ;xof]usf] dxTj / cfotg cg';f/ ;xof]uLx?sf]gfd ;;Ddfg c+lst ul/Psf] ;'lslt{kq ;HhfOg] 5 . ;f];'lslt{kqdf k|d'v ;+/Ifs Ps, ;+/Ifs tLg, ljz]if ;xof]uLkfFr / ;xof]uLx?sf nflu :yfg /flvg]5 . To;}u/L csf]{a]Un} v08df cGo ;xof]uLx?sf ;fy} g]kfn n3' hnzlQmljsf; ;+:yfsf] ljBdfg sfo{;ldlt / ;+:yf dftxtsf ljz]if;xof]uLx?sf] pNn]v klg ul/g]5 . ;xof]uLx? (contributors)sf nflu lbOg] ;Ddfg / s]Gb|df :yflkt ul/g] ;'lslt{kq /:yfgaf/] ;xof]uLx?;Fusf] 5nkmn / ;xdltsf] cfwf/dfpk/f]Qm k|:tfjdf kl/jt{g / kl/dfh{g ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

N_GY ,IVgljs/0fLo pmhf{ k|j4{gsf nflu sfo{/t lgsfo, lzIf0f;+:yfgx?, o; ;+:yf;Fu cfj4 /x]sf sDkgLkmd{x?sf;fy} ;xof]uL sDkgLkmd{x?dWo] Psaf6 dfq gub ?=iN}+tL; nfv ?k}Fof_ jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] ;xof]uk|fKt ul/g] 5 / To; ;xof]uLnfO{ k|d'v ;+/Ifssf] ?kdf

:yfg lbOg] 5 . kfj/xfp;leq Pp6f cfsif{s :yfg To;lgsfo jf ;+:yfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f pNn]v ug{ pkof]u ul/g]5 .,IV

gljs/0fLo pmhf{ k|j4{gsf nflu sfo{/t lgsfo, lzIf0f;+:yfgx?, o; ;+:yfl;t cfj4 /x]sf sDkgLkmd{x?sf;fy} ;xof]uL sDkgLkmd{x?dWo] tLgaf6 dfq gub ?=iN*Z| nfv ?k}Fof_ jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] ;xof]uk|fKt ul/g]5 / To; k|sf/sf ;xof]uLx?nfO{ ;+/Ifssf] ?kdf:yfg lbOg] 5 .OM]@LI[RI@X/

n3' hnljB't k|ljlw k|j4{gsf nflu sfo{/t lgsfo,lzIf0 f ; +:yfgx?, o; ; +:yf l;t cfj4 /x ]sfsDkgLkmd{x?sf ;fy} ;xof]uL sDkgLkmd{x?dWo] kfFraf6GITJXE" iNIFr nfv ?k}Fof_ jf ;f]eGbfa9Lsf] ;xof]u k|fKt ul/g]5 / To; k|sf/sf ;xof]uLx?nfO{

ljz]if ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf :yfg lbOg]5 .[RI@X/

n3' hnljB't k|ljlw k|j4{gsf nflu sfo{/t lgsfo,lzIf0 f ; +:yfgx?, o; ; +:yf l;t cfj4 /x ]sfsDkgLkmd{x?sf ;fy} ;xof]uL sDkgLkmd{x?af6 gub ?#iE'O{ nfv ?k}Fof_ jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] ;xof]uk|fKt ul/g]5 / To; k|sf/sf ;xof]uLx?nfO{ ;xof]uLsf]?kdf :yfg lbOg]5JIGIMQ/GI \IJ

n3' hnljB't k|ljlw k|j4{gsf nflu sfo{/t lgsfo,lzIf0 f ; +:yfgx?, o; ; +:yf l;t cfj4 /x ]sfsDkgLkmd{x?sf ;fy} ;xof]uL sDkgLkmd{x?af6 sDtLdfJXE" iN}+tL; xhf/ ?k}Fof_ jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf];xof]u k|fKt ul/g]5 / To; k|sf/sf ;xof]uLx?sf] gfdfjnLcGo ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf cnUu} Joj:yf ul/g] v08df pNn]vul/g=]5 .

#& lsnf]jf6sf] k]N6g 6af{Og !) lsnf]jf6sf]TPdQI] 6af{Og

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n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf nflu :jb]zdf g}6af{Og lgdf{0f u/]/ ;]jf k'ofpFb} cfPsf l8hfOg/ / oGqpTkfbsx?n] !)) lsnf]jf6;Ddsf k]N6g 6af{2JTPdQI]6af{Og pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf5g\ . s]xLn] lgoldt ?kdf gePklgljb]zdf ;d]t cfk"lt{ / h8fg ub}{ cfPsf5g\ . kl5Nnf]cj:yfdf g]kfnsf 6af{Og pTkfbsx?n] !)) lsnf]jf6eGbfa9L Ifdtfsf 6af{Ogx? pTkfbg ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] cfjZostfaf]ws ;'emfjx? ljleGg dfWodaf6 cfO{/x]sf] ;+be{dfcTPdQI] $)) l;/Lh nfO{ Pp6f gofF z'?jftsf] ?kdf lng;lsG5 . o;}u/L %)) /g/ 8fodL6/sf] TPdQI] 6af{OgpTkfbg ul/Psf]5 eg] J IRG/VI TPdQI ]6af{Ogx? lgdf{0fqmddf /x]sf] hfgsf/L kfOPsf]5 / xfn}sfjif{df sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnoaf6 l8hfOgdf PgPrOn] lgdf{0fu/]sf] (@ lsnf]jf6sf] k|mflG;; 6af{OgnfO{ klg cfjZostfdfcfwfl/t pko'Qm k|of]u dfGg ;lsG5 .

TPdQI] 6L !% 6af{OgnfO{ a9L rf}8fOdf NofOPsf]h:tf] b]lvg]cTPdQI] $)) l;/Lh 6af{Og nfdf] ;dob]lv6af{Og l8hfOg ub}{ cfpg' ePsf OlGhgLo/ s[i0f axfb'/gsdL{sf] l8hfOg / ;'k/Lj]If0fdf afnfh' oGqzfnf k|f=ln=n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] xf] . sd prfO{ / a9L kfgLsf] axfjnfO{

Wofgdf /fv]/ !)) lsnf]jf6 lah'nL pTkfbg ug{ $))PdPd /g/ 8fodL6/ ;lxt o;sf] l8hfOg ul/Psf] xf] .sfo{Ifdtfsf] lx;fan] cf}WVI TPdQI ] 6af{Ogx? eGbfa9L x'g] u/L agfOPsf]5 . sd kfgLsf] axfjsf] cj:yfdfklg sfo{Ifdtf /fd|f] /xg]cTPdQI] $)) l;/Lh 6af{Ogsf];kmntf o;nfO{ :yfkgf u/L ;~rfng ul/;s]kl5sf]kl/0ffdaf6 cem 7"QI,IGWIVITPdQI] 6af{Ogx? lgdf{0fug{sf nflu 9'Ss x'g ;lsG5 eGg] lj1x?sf] egfO{ kfOPsf]5 . sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnon]cTPdQI] $)) l;/Lh 6af{Ogsf]l8hfOg / lgdf{0f ljlw af/] lj:t[t cWoog u/]sf]cTPdQI]$)) l;/Lh 6af{Ogsf] ;',G F:RRJ N=UIW FIdJI ];sf/fTds / pT;fxj4{s /fo lbFb} o;sf] sfo{Ifdtf klg/fd|f] :t/df /xg] eg]sf] 5 .

cTPdQI] $)) l;/Lh 6af{Og :ynut cfjZostfcg';f/ g} agfOPsf] xf] . o;nfO{ ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfsf]6'Og6f/l:yt ;f]n' vf]nfdf :yfkgf ul/g]5 . Ps ;o lsnf]jf6lah'nL pTkfbg ul/g] pQm n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] cfk"lt{tyf h8fgsf] lhDdf kfPsf] u|]6 g]kfn k|f= ln= n]cTPdQI]$)) l;/Lh 6af{Og agfpgsf] nflu ljz]if kxn u/]sf] 5eg] O{= gsdL{n] k|z:t kl/>d ug'{ ePsf] 5 .

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sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf] 6af{Og6]li6 Nofadf g]kfndf ag]sf]k|mflG;; 6af{Og lg/LIf0f ub}{ .

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u'NdL lhNnf g]rf uflj; a8Luf8 vf]nf n3' hnljB'tcfof]hgfsf] nflu oltv]/ yfkf OlGhgLol/ O08li6h k|f=ln=n] %)) kL;L8Lsf]TPdQI] 6af{Og lgdf{0f ;DkGg ul/;s]sf]5 . of] 6af{Og pkof]u u/]/ !& dL6/ prfO{ !))) ln6/k|lt ;]s]08 kfgLaf6 !)) lsnf]jf6 ljB't pTkfbg ul/g] 5 .To;}u/L yfkf OlGhgLol/ O08li6h k|f= ln=n] g} prfO{ &dL6/ / kfgL $!) ln6/ k|lt ;]s]08 kfgLaf6 !$ lsnf]jf6ljB't pTkfbg ul/g] h'Dnf lhNnfsf] hjfgfbL vf]nfsf] n3'hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] nflu $)) kL;L8Lsf]TPdQI] 6af{Oglgdf{0f ul//x]sf] 5 . o;sf] lgdf{0f / h8fgsf] sfd OghL{k|j4{g sDkgLaf6 x'g]5 . cf]vn9'+uf lhNnfsf] lnv' vf]nfdfprfO{ !&=# dL6/ / kfgL *)) ln6/k|lt ;]s]08 kfgLaf6;~rfng ul/g] n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] nflu csf]{ $))kL;L8Lsf]TPdQI] 6af{Og klg lgdf{0ffwLg /x]sf] 5 . **lsnf]jf6 ljB't pTkfbg ul/g] o; cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f /h8fgsf] sfd klg OghL{ k|j4{g sDkgLaf6 x'g]5 .

o;/L yfkf OlGhgLol/ O08li6h k|f= ln=n] lgdf{0ful//x]sf tLg} j6f 6af{Og luo/ 8xfOe l;:6daf6 ;~rfngx'g]5 . afnfh' oGqzfnf k|f= ln=n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] / yfkfOlGhgLol/ O08li6h k|f= ln=n] agfpFb} u/]sf oL km/flsnfvfnsf 6af{Ogx?sf] l8hfOg kIfdf Ps?ktf eg] 5}g, oLFIiFIg} l8hfOgdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ .

o; af/] ;f]lwPsf] k|ZgnfO{ ;+jf]wg ub}{ yfkfOlGhgLol/ O08li6 k|f= ln= n] xfnsf] cj:yfdf ^ )) kL;L8L;Ddsf / %)) lsnf]MI'GVI TPdQI ] 6af{Og cfkm"n]lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

o;} qmddf, sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnon] hnljB'tdf WofglbP/ ;'xfpFbf] / cfjZos cWoog cg';Gwfg ub}{ cfPsf]s'/f klg rf;f]sf] ljifo dfGg'k5{ . ToxfF x'g] k7g kf7gaf6

g]kfnsf] n3' hnljB't nfeflGjt x'g;Sg] cfzf ug' kg]{nIf0fx? k|z:t b]lvPsf 5g\ . gj]{lhog ljZjljBfnol;tldn]/ ToxfF s/f]8f}Fsf] nfutdf 6af{Og k/LIf0f zfnf -6af{Og6]li6 Nofa_ lgdf{0f u/]sf]5 .

To;}u/L k|mflG;; 6af{Og lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfwf/e"tcfjZostfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] l8hfOg af/] cWoog cg';Gwfg /k7g kf7g tbf?stf ;fy x' Fb} cfPsf]5 . sf7df8f} +ljZjljBfnon] cWoog cg';Gwfg / k7g kf7gs} qmddfg]kfnsf 6af{Og pTkfbsx?nfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] / lgs6 eljiodfpkof]uL x'g] lx;fan] s'g} Pp6f pko'Qm :yfgdf h8fg ug{;lsg] u/L (@ lsnf]jf6 lah'nL pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf]k|mflG;; 6af{Og lgdf{0f ul/Psf] hfgsf/L klg /f]rs ;Gbe{xf] . ut cfiff9 dlxgfsf] cGTolt/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ;f]hfgsf/L cg';f/ g]kfndf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] of] klxnf] k|mflG;;6af{Og sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf] l8hfOg cg';f/ g]kfnxfO8f] P08 On]lS6s ln=n] a'MQO\WFIdJI] sfo{zfnfdflgdf{0f u/]sf] xf] . 6af{Og pTkfbsx? dfem lgs} rf;f]sf]ljifo /x]sf] /g/ eg] a'6jns} Pp6f sfli6 pBf]un] agfPsf]xf] . g]kfndf dfOqmf] k|mflG;; eg]/ s]xL k|of]ud"ns 6af{Ogo;cl3 klg agfOPsf] ePklg lj:t[t cWoog cg';Gwfgu/L lgdf{0f u/]sf] kl5Nnf] k|mflG;; 6af{Og $ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf]6af{Ogsf] ;fgf] cfsf/sf] elgPsf] 5 . (@ lsnf]jf6sf] of]k|mflG;; 6af{Og ;fgf] cfsf/sf] x'gfsf] sf/0fn] 6af{Og k/LIf0fzfnfn] o;sf u'0f:t/, Ifdtf, sfo{Ifdtf cflb af/] k|dfl0fs/0fug{;Sg]5 . cfzf ul/P cg';f/ kl/0ffd kfPdf o;af6 6af{Og

lgdf{0fsf] gofF 9f]sf v'Ng]5 .

yfkf OlGhgLol/ O08li6 k|f= ln=df lgdf{0fflwg 7"nf]TPdQI] 6af{Og

afnfh' oGqzfnf k|f=ln=df lgdf{0fflwg 7"nf]TPdQI ] 6af{Og

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dfOqmf]ldlg xfO8f]kfj/ l8hfOg 6'n dfOqmf]dPS;]ndf cfwfl/t n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB'tsf] ;+efJotfcWoog ug{sf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] dM]/ xf] . o;sf];xof]uaf6 n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB'tsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfx?sf]l8hfOg sfo{ l56f], 5l/tf] / s'zntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ ;lsG5 .o;sf] cjwf/0ff tyf /rgf hn;|f]t lj1>L k'ik lrqsf/n] ug'{ ePsf] xf] .hn;|f]t tyf hnljB't If]qdf xfFl;nug'{ePsf] cg'ejx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ub}{g]kfn ;/sf/sf] j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{gsf

nflu nfu" ul/Psf] cg'bfg gLlt tyflgodfjnL cg';f/ tof/ kl/Psf] of]l8hfOg 6'n ljut @)^@)^# ;fnb]lv g}j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|f/f dfGotf k|fKtu/L b]zleqsf n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't If]qdfsfo{/t sDkgLx? tyf ;+3 ;+:yfx?nufotckmuflg:tfg / cGo b]zx?df ;d]t ldlgxfO8f ]kfj/ l8hfOg P]8sf] gfddf k|of ]uul/Fb}}cfPsf] 5 . o; k':ts tyf ;L8Lsf] cl3Nnf];+:s/0f hL6Lh]8 -xfn hLcfO{h]8_ sf] ;xof]udfk|sfzg ul/Psf] lyof] .

xfn of] 6'n ljleGg k|of]ustf{x?af6 k|fKt ;Nnfxtyf ;'emfj;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ kl/dflh{t gjLs/0fLopmhf{ cg'bfg gLlt, @)^( tyf n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't

:6\of08{8 tyf ufO8nfOgnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6]/ g]kfn n3'hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yf / k'ik lrqsf/Ho"sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;tyf j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] ;xof]udf kl/dfh{g u/Lk|sfzgdf NofOPsf] 5 .

dfOqmf]ldlg xfO8f]kfj/ l8hfOg 6'n n3' tyf;fgf hnljB't If]qdf sfo{/t tyf sfd ug{ OR5's l8hfOgk|fljlwsx?sf nflu ;xof]uL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . hnljB'tsf]ljleGg ;+/rgfx?sf] 5f]6s/Ldf JofVof ul/g'sf ;fy} ;+jlGwtl8hfOg sfo{nfO{ pbfx/0f / lrq;lxt k|:t't ul/Psf] x'Fbfa'eJ N|of]u ug{ ;lhnf] dflgPsf] 5 . ;+k"0f{ l8hfOgKofs]h Ps} 7fpFdf pknJw x'g' klg of] l8hfOg 6'nsf]

ljz]iftf xf] . k|of]ustf{nfO{ ;xh agfpgsf] nflu hnljB'tsf]ljleGg ;+/rgfx?nfO{NOJNPViNPVSNi+/rgfdf ljefhgul/Psf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ k|of]ustf{nfO{ h'g ;+/rgfsf] l8hfOgug'gkg]{ xf] ToxL lndf lSns u/]kl5 ;+jlGwt ;+/rgfsf]

l8hfOg k]hdf k'luG5 . ;e]{af6 k|fKttYofx?nfO{ k|of]u u/L cfjZos;+/rgfx?sf] l8hfOg ug{ ;lsG5 .Jojxfl/s ?kdf a'em]/ l8hfOg 6'nk|of]u ubf{ cem k|efjsfl/ x'G5 eGg]lj1x?sf] /fo 5 .

k':tssf] cl3Nnf] efudfk':ts tyf ;L8L k|of]u ug{k|of]ustf{sf] sDKo'6/df s] s:tf]dM]/ / k|f]u|fd x'g' cfjZos5, k|of]ustf{n] hfg]sf] x'g' kg]{s]xL s'/f / k|of]u ug]{ ;/nljlw kl/rosf ] ?kdf/flvPsf]n] gofF jf k'/fgfk|of]ustf{n] cfk"m cg's'n

kfpF5g eGg ;lsG5 .;do ;fk]If ?kdf n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB'tsf] l8hfOg

sfo{ ;xh, l56f] / l8hfOg sfo{nfO{ Ps?ktf agfpgsf]nflu dfOqmf]ldlg xfO8f]kfj/ l8hfOg 6'nsf] kl/dflh{t;+:s/0fsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g]5 . t;y{ o;nfO{ ;xof]uL;fwgsf] ?kdf pko'Qm k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

olt pkof]uL k':ts / ;L8L /rgf ug'{ePsf]dflrqsf/Ho"sf] k|z+;f ug'{ cltzof]lQm gxf]nf . k|sfzs g]kfnn3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfsf] klg k|z:t ldx]gt nfu]sf]b]lvG5 eg] k|sfzgsf] nflu ;xof]u ug]{ j}slNks pmhf{k|j4{g s]Gb| klg wGoafbsf kfq x'g\ .

g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfsf] PSsfO;f}F jflif{s;fwf/0f ;efsf] cj;/df, k|d'v cltly ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o>L uug yfkf, j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]gb|sf sfo{sf/Llgb]{zs k|f= 8f= uf]ljGb /fh kf]v/]n, g]kfn n3' hnzlQmljsf; ;+;yfsf cWoIf >L ;'/]Gb| eQm dfy]dfn] o; k':ts /;L8Lsf] ljdf]rg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

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klxnf klxnf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] nflu;DefJotf cWoogb]lv h8fg -cfk"lt{, lgdf{0f, h8fg /x:tfGt/0f_ sf ;a} sfd Pp6} sDkgL -jf kmd{_ n] ug]{k|rng lyof] h'g kl5 cfP/ ;e]{iOKI2JVI ] sfdk/fdz{bftfn] ug]{, cfk"lt{, lgdf{0f, h8fg / x:tfGt/0fsf]VIGKIJ2*IQBQ] ug]{, / pTkfbsn] 6af{2JQXIRWVIoGq pks/0f / cGo ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug]{ k|rng cfPsf]5 . x'g t Ps} sDkgL -jf kmd{_ n] tL tLg} y/Lsf sfd ug{klg ;S5 eg] h8fg / pTkfbgsf] sfddf dfq klg /xg;S5 . pTkfbs sDkgL pTkfbg sfo{df dfq klg /xg;S5 . t/ ;e]{iOKI2JVI] nflu, h8fg sfo{sf] nflu /oGq pks/0f cflb lgdf{0fsf] nflu j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{gs]Gb|af6 nfu" ul/Psf] dfkb08leq /xL 5'f 5'} dfGotfk|fKt u/]sf] x'g' h?/L 5 .

dfGotf k|fKt h8fg sDkgLx? / kmd{x?sf] kl5Nnf];"rL cg';f/ !) lsnf]jf6, %) lsnf]jf6 / !))lsnf]jf6;Ddsf] tLg} y/L u/L h8fg sfo{ ug{sf n3'hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf nflu &* j6f sDkgL kmd{x?5gf}6 ul/Psf 5g\ .

tL h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ sDkgLkmd{x?af6u'0f:t/Lo lgdf{0f tyf h8fg cflb sfd x'g ;sf];\ eg]/j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] ;xof]udf g]kfn n3' hnzlQmljsf; ;+:yfn] dfGotf k|fKt sDkgLkmd{x?sf k|IOMOZV["QI2{

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d"ntM kxf8L ufpFiDW/GIDI]af; ug]{ afl;Gbfx?sfnflu lah'nLsf] ;'ljwf pknJw u/fpg lgdf{0f ul/g] n3'hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] nfut, pkef]Qmfx?sf] cfly{s Ifdtf,ljleGg lgsfoaf6 k|fKt x'g;Sg] cfly{s ;xof]u / g]kfn;/sf/, lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cGtu{t;~rflnt ;/sf/L lgsfo j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|af6pknJw ul/g] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'bfgsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf/x]sf] 5 . nlIft n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f plrt

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;dofjlwleq ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu :yfgLo pkef]Qmfx?sf]cflwsf/Ls ;d"x -pkef]Qmf ;ldlt_ klg cfk"mn] ug'{kg]{ sfo{;dod} ;DkGg ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . cfof]hgfsf] nflu cfjZospks/0fsf ;fy} ;fdu|L cfk"lt{ ug]{, lgdf{0f, h8fg /x:tfGt/0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfpg] sDkgL-j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|af6 dfGotf kfPsf lghL If]qsfsDkgL jf kmd{_ sf] e"ldsf klg dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] x'G5 .o;aLrdf If]qLo ;]jf s]Gb|x?sf] k|fljlws ;]jf / ;xof]ul56f] 5l/tf] ePsf] cj:yfdf klg l56f] x'g;S5 .

k"j{;DefJotf cWoogb]lv, ;e]{ OKI2J OMW [t;DefJotf cWoog, k|fljlws k'g/fjnf]sg cflb sfd ;DkGgug{sf nflu sDtLdf @ b]lv # jif{sf] ;do nfu]sf]NI2*

k|lzIf0f lbg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .:ynut sfddf j:t'ut ?kn] lgdf{0f tyf h8fg

sfo{df vl6g] k|lzIf0f kfPsf k|fljlwsx?af6 u'0f:t/Losfo{ ;Dkfbg ul/g" Pp6f dfu{bz{g ug]{ Pp6f k':tsxfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf cTofjZos /x]sf] eGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]IRQI2{ Wofgdf /fv]/ g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfn]j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb| cGtu{t gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwpkof]u / k|j4{g ug{sf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] sfo{ Ifdtfclej[l4 ug{ P;PgeLsf] ;xof]XGIaUIOQWFI2{ ;f];{sfo{TPGQI2{ ;xof]usf] nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf] lyof] . ;+:yfsf]cg'/f]wdfly j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|3JFIFI2{N/FI2{ ;f];{n] 5nkmn u/]/ k|:tfljt k':tssf] nflun]YiFIQ]v tof/ kfg{ FIM=RV -RRHI FI 2{ ;f];{n]lhDdf lng]W/RNI2{sf]QIOX3JFIFI2{kLn] ;xof]uug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 . k|:tfljtn3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx? h8fg sfo{sf nflu dfu{bz{gk':ts tof/L ug{ g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yfn]Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L lnP/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?l;tcfjZostf cg';f/ ;/;Nnfx / k/fdz{sf] sfo{qmdx?klg cfof]hgf ug]{5 .

o;/L n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx? ;+:yfkg sfo{sfnflu cToGt pkof]uL x'g] dfu{bz{g k':ts l5} cfpg]ePsf] 5 .

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To;kl5 k/fdz{bftfn] a'emfPsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ If]qLo ;]jfs]Gb|n] l;kmfl/; ;lxt j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|df clGtd:jLs[ltsf] nflu k7fpF5 . To; qmddf k|fljlws cWoogul/Fbf jf s'g} sfuhft gldn] jf gk'u]df ;f] ;Rofpg nfdf];do nfUg] x'G5 . s'g} s'g} kl/of]hgfdf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhftldnfpg ^ dlxgf;Dd klg ;do nfu]sf] kfO{G5 . sfdnfO{l56f] 5l/tf] / ;dodf ;DkGg ug{ ;j} ;+jlGwt lgsfox?n]WEI"VWIVII\FIiFIdJI] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .o;sf cltl/Qm ;fj{hlgs v/Lb P]gsf] ljlw k'ofpFbf To;k|lqmofsf] nflu $% lbg;Dd nfUg] b]lvG5 .

cfof]hgf ;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ -cfk"lt{, lgdf{0f, h8fg/ x:tfGt/0f_ sf] k|lqmof k"/f ug{ l9nfO x'g] sf/0fn] cfof]hgf;DkGg ug{ nfdf] ;do nfu]sf] kfOG5 . lznaGbL af]nkqsf]dfWodaf6 dfGotf k|fKt gLlh sDkgLx?n] cfof]hgf ;+jGwLsfo{ -cfk"lt{, lgdf{0f, h8fg / x:tfGt/0f_ ;DkGg ug{sfnflu sfo{ tflnsf ;do;d]t pNn]v u/L a'emfPkl5 sDkgL5gf}6 ul/G5 . ;Demf}tf eO;s]sf] t/ sDkgLn] pkef]Qmf;ldltaf6 gub e'QmfgL kfpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg sfo{l9nfO ePsf] kfOG5 . h8fgstf{ sDkgLn] ljB'tLo pks/0ftyf ;fdfu|Lx? ;dodf tof/ gu/]sf], pks/0f tyf ;fdu|Ltof/ ePsf] t/ pkef]Qmfn] a'emL glnPsf], pks/0f tyf;fdu|L sDkgLaf6 pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] a'lemlnPsf] t/hg>dbfgaf6 x'g'kg]{ lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]lsPsf], lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg ePsf] t/ h8fg sfo{ g;lsPsf] cflb cj:yfdf klgcfof]hgf lgdf{0fdf l9nf;':tL ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . tLl9nf;':tLsf sf/s ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ b08 ;hfosf] Joj:yf;d]t kl5Nnf] cg'bfg gLlt / cg'bfg kl/rfng sfo{ljlwn]u/]sf] kfO{G5 .

;fdfGotM n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{-lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogb]lv x:tfGt/0f;Dd ;DkGg_ ug{sf]nflu @ b]lv # jif{sf] cjlw cfjZos x'g] b]lvG5 . t/ dflyelgPsf sf/0fx? dWo] jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 lgdf{0f sfo{cj/f]w gePsf] cj:yfdf eg] ck]lIft cjlwd} s]xL

cfof]hgfx?sf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] klg kfOG5 . l9nfOsf]sf/0f h] h:tf] ePklg Psn] csf]{nfO{ bf]if b]vfP/ dfqnIodf k'Ug ;ls+b}g . t;y{ o;sf] nflu ;a}n]FIiFIdJI]7fpFaf6 Jofj;flos e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ cfjZos 5 . b08hl/jfgf s8fOsf ;fy nfu" ul/P klg ;d'bfon] kfpg'kg]{;'ljwf kl5 ;b}{ hfFbf x'g] 3f6fk|lt lhDd]jf/ lgsfo cem;hu x'g'k5{ . ;f]sf] nflu b08 ;hfosf] cj:yf cfpg'cl3g} sfo{ ;DkGg x'g] cj:yf ;[hgf ul/g' >]o:s/ x'g]5 .

ldlt !@ h'nfO{, @)!# sf lbg o;} ljifoj:t'dflys]lGb|t e} 5nkmn ug{ j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n];/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . To;sfo{zfnfdf sd ;dodf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f-lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogb]lv x:tfGt/0f;Dd_ ;DkGg ug{;/f]sf/jfnfx?n]FIiFIdJI] sfo{If]qleqsf] sfd ;dod} ;DkGgug{ s] ug{ ;lsG5 / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6 s:tf] e"ldsflgjf{x ug'{kg]{ x'G5 eGg] af/] 5nkmn ul/of] . pkef]Qmf ;ldltcfly{s / ;fdflhs ?kn] Jojl:yt eO;Sg'kg]{, btf{, l;kmfl/;nufotsf ;a} cfjZos sfuhftsf] ;"rL x'g'kg]{, tL ;a}cBfjlws ePsf] 5 5}g eGg]df If]qLo ;]jf s]Gb|x?n] hfFru/]sf] x'g'kg]{, k/fdz{bftfn] a'emfpg] k|ltj]bgdf s'g} sdLgePsf] cj:yf x'g'kg]{, k|ltj]bg ;Rofpg' k/]df ljB'tLo;~rf/ dfWodsf] pkof]u ug'{kg]{, cfof]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f-lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoogb]lv x:tfGt/0f;Dd_ sDkgL jfkmd{n] xfn nfu" ul/Psf] gLlt, sfo{ljlw cg';f/ sfo{ ug'{kg]{cflb pNn]v ul/of] . o; ;+jGwdf k|lqmofut ljlw tof/ kfg{;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L % ;b:oLo sfo{bnu7g ul/of] . To; sfo{ bndf >L s]zj k|wfgf, sfo{qmdclws[t, ;fd'bflos ljB'tLs/0f zfvf//fli6o u|fdL0f tyfgjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sfo{qmd, >L /0f axfb'/ yfkf, sfo{qmdclws[t, ;fd'bflos ljB'tLs/0f zfvf//fli6o u|fdL0f tyfgjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sfo{qmd, >L s[i0f k|;fb b]jsf]6f, dxf;lrj,g]kfn n3' hnzlQm ljsf; ;+:yf / >L lvdfgGb sF8]n,dxf;lrj, hn tyf pmhf{ k/fdz{bftf ;+3 g]kfn /xg' ePsf]5 . ;f] sfo{bnn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0fdf nfUg] cjlwnfO{ 36fpgsf]nflu cfof]hgfsf ljleGg kIf -cfof]hgf rqm_ sf] cWoogtyf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xdltdf lj:t[tk|ltj]bgnfO{ clGtd ?k lbO;s]kl5 nfu" ul/g] 5 .

To;/L pNn]lvt sfo{x? r/0fj4 ?kdf ;'rf? x'g]u/L Jojl:yt ePsf] cj:yfdf s/La ;f9] b'O{ jif{sf] ;docjlw leq ;DefJotf cWoogb]lv cfof]hgf lgdf{0f -lj:t[t;DefJotf cWoogb]lv x:tfGt/0f;Dd_ sfo{ ;DkGg ug{;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; lng ;lsG5 .

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phf{ ;+s6sf] 7"nf] e'Qmdfg Joxf]l//x]sf] g]NIQ/;dfhdf cGtlg{O[W GIJM/R ]O4P FIK FIdJI ] b]zsf]hn>f]WQI2{ lbuf] lsl;dn] ax'pkof]XX/NRI{Kt z'4 lkpg]NIJ/ OFUI2{sf] oyf]OUW \IR/ -RM\I W\I KQOM%'tsf]kof{Kt pTkfbg / ljt/0fsf] plrt k|M*ZX]/ ;dGoflospkof]u ug]{ k|MQ25I]O4PVII\VI\IJ/ROJVIROJK/ ,I]q, ;fd'bflos / ;fj{hlgs If]ql;t xft]dfnf] ub}{g]kfnsf][VI/,I]q cl3 a9\g rfx]sf]RVI] nfluufpFGI OM%'W S7NIEJ X/ ][/ ,I]q / cf}%I]lus If]qdfOM%'tzlQm c6'6 cfk"lt{ ug]{ / zx/sf] d'b|IQI2{ ufpFtkm{k7fpg] k|M*ZXJ'{ kb{7R/J]} ;x'lnotk"0f{J/OWE"E]/{lsl;dsf] [VI/ G}T/ QXIJ/ G}T/ MIWIMI 3M+ b'|t;'/Iff ;]jfsf] k|Tofe"ltsf ;fy} /fli6o k|fyldstf k|I.WS%I]uJoj;fo -phf{, s[lif cflb_ df ;a}25'V[VI/["Q] tf]lsPsf]sfo{If]q aflx/ klg b]zsf] s'g}klg efudf k"FK/QXIJ/XJ]{:j:Yo Joj;flos jftfj/0f k|bfg ug'{ kb{ J ]kfnsf]sf]ck/]l6e ;f]I2/VI] of] Gofof]OUW GIXQI2{ ;/sf/af6plrt ;+jf]ZJ XOJ 'kb{ HJ ] 7RGI [VI/ J/OK ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 ;d]t oyfzSo ;xeflutfsf ;fy} ;xof]X/

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ePsf]HJ]S%I]XZ*EINOJG*E['g k'u]sf]S%I]X/$RINI/GIT[I]2{g dhb'/ sfdbf/n] klg ;+s6 v]Kg' k/]sf]RWI]O\OWGIV/D/H*EID/KQOM%'t pTkfbgu/]/ /fi6QI2{ cFWof/f] cj:yf ef]Ugaf6 d'Qm ug]{ V/VQVIYIJI["GI OM%'tsf] lgoldt cfk"lt{ X/ FI}%I]luspTkfbg s6f}W/['gaf6 hf]ufP/ pTkfbg a9fpg] V/;]jfu|I[/["QI2{ ;a} ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox?af6 ;doleq};Gtf]ifhgs lsl;dn] ;]jf k|jfx ug{OM%'tsf] cfk"lt{ e}/xg];'lglZrttfsf] l:ylt ;[hgf ug]{ eGg] u+H/MIQ["[IG|f];fd' 7"nf] r'gf}W/VI]"NGIYIJ\ eg]R/U'gf}W/NIWug{VIQIOXVI/OJK/,I]qsf ;]jf k|bfos, ;]jfu|I[/ko{j]Ifsx?n]FIdJI]OJ/[WIQIUI/N|s6 ug'{H*EID/s][/ XJ{ ;s]sf] NI2E}g . j:t'W0 R/ U'gf}W/["QI2{ NIJ]{Psdfq pQd pkfo eg]sf] ;}4flGts lsl;dn] dfq xf]2Jk|of]ufTds 9n] g}KQOM%'t pTkfbgsf] j:t'MIE/RI]hgfagfcf}FW/MW'MIE/RI]KJI["QI2{ clt pRr k|fyldstflbcf}F, clg j:t'k/s nIo lncf}F / tbg';f/ k|ult xfFl;n ub}cl3 a9f}F .

o:tf] l:yltdf tTsfn} l;+uf] g]NIQQI2{ nf]8;]l8d'Qm agfpg g;s] tfklg hn>f]t ePsf g]NIQVI Z }OK1QI["QI2{FIXIG/MLI{leq}V/QI]8;]l8 d'Qmagfpg ;lsGf]H*J] ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]J/OWOJGI{0f/ lg0f{o ug]{ ;+M*Z/D}F|W[OJVIR["[VI/,I]qOJK/,I]TVI-RMIR/["VIN|OWOJOZ["3V} ynf]df hDdf e}u+H/WIVII\VIGGIK'6\g] xf] eg]FIXIG/MLI{df phf{;+s6 Go"J/VIXJ{ lgZro g} s][/RI]ubfg k'ofpg ;lsg]ROEJ]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;dsflng ;~rfnsx? / ;+MO*ZWOJVIR["VIS5UFOZVI/["VI ] tkm{DIV'W/GIG]ufjf6,IGWI'GVIIJIKQOM%'t kl/of]hgfx? /fli6o cleofgs}?kdf lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{of]hgf th'{df / l:js[WX/VIRI{Gjogdfnfg] xf] eg] To:tf]FM\IGI[VI/WIVI] dfWodaf6 klg

KQ]O4Pj j

-DODVKDNWL

lxdfnL / kxf8L e]usf k|foM h;f] lhNnfx?df ug{ ;lsg]hnljB't pTkfbgn] ;+jlGwt lhNnfx?nfO{ hnljB'tsf]pTkfbg / ljt/0f pkef]udf cfTdlge{/ agfpg ;lsg]5 eg]s]xL lhNnfx?af6 lhNnf aflx/ klg ljB't lgsf;L ug{;lsg] 5 . oL r'gf}tLx? k5fb}{ cl3 a9\g ;Sbf Ps kl5 csf]{cj;/x?sf] nsf]{ xfd|f ;fd' cfpg] 5 . To;sf] nflu g]kfn;/sf/n] lgDg gLlt sfo{qmdx?sf] lgdf{0f, cjn+jg /sfof{Gjog ug'{ u/fpg' h?/L 5 .

!= /fli6o cy{tGqsf] Pp6f cfwf/ :tDesf] ?kdf;xsf/LtfnfO{ /fHon] cjnDjg ug]{ 3f]lift gLlt, g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# / lqjifL {o cGtl/d of]hgf#AAi#ABGIG[7MVII\S1Q]v ePsf]n];f] gLltnfO{ ca Jojxf/df ptfg{ ljB't ;xsf/LnfO{ ljz]ifk|fyldstf lbg' kg]{ .

@= ljBdfg ljB't P]JiOJRG KQ|f]t P]JiOJRGjftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]JiOJRGK8XIN|flKt P]JiOJRGMJ3]Jilgod nufot ;fgf hnljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu a9L lljwfu|:t,hl6ntfk"0f{, c8\rgk"0f{ / l9nf;':tL x'g] lsl;dsf ;fgfhnljB't ljsf;l;t ;+jlGwt ;a} P]JiOJRG["GIIGORV;'wf/ / ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ .

#= g]kfn ;/sf/n] hnljB't pTkfbgdf ;x'lnotlbg] af/]df ;do ;dodf 3f]if0ff u/]sf gLlt sfo{qmdnfO{;/nLs[t k|lqmofdf l56f]iOWI], r'WiE'?:t / b|'t ljB'tpTkfbg x'g ;Sg] lsl;dsf] sfo{ljlw agfpg' kg]{ .

$= pRr ef]N6]hsf] hnljB't zlQm ;+jfxg x'g] u/Lk|To]s c~rndf t/fO{b]lv lxdfnL If]T'G S4iEO,II dWo kxf8L If]qdf kfFry/b]lv a}t8L;Dd k"j{iNO=UGG]?b086fG;ld;g nfOgsf] lgdf{0fnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbP/ g]kfn;/sf/n] ljB't ahf/sf] ;'OJO=UWWIXE}{ hfg] /0fgLlt lnO{7"nf ljB't kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f If]qdf a9L k|fyldstf lbO{qmdfut lsl;dn] 6fG;ld;g nfOgsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ hfg' kg]{ .%= s'g} klg ljB't ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 ;fgf hnljB't pTkfbgfy{lj:t[t ;j]{If0f cWoog k'/f e} hnljB't v/Lb ljlqm ;+emf}tf(PPA) sf] nflu cfj]bg k/]sf hnljB't pTkfbg / k|;f/0fkl/of]hgfnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf k|bfg u/L t'?Gt} PPA ug]{:j:y jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ul/ lbg' kg]{ .

^= jx'p2]=R/R OVOGQ ] Ps} :yfgsf] Ps};fyhn;|f]tsf] jx'pkof]u u/L hnljB'tsf ;fy ;fy} cGoJoj;flos jf jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f k|j4{gsf] sfo{ ubf{ h:t} -ljB't pTkfbg / vfg]kfgL l;+rfO{ df5fkfng l;d;f/If]q ;+/If0f lgs'~h jf cf/If0f If]qsf] ;+/If0f OToflbdfPs};fy hn pkof]u ubf{B OM%'t pTkfbs ;+:yf / g]kfn

;/sf/sf] l;+rfO ljefu jf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo ldn]/nfut ;fem]bf/L jf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox? ldn]/ nfut;fem]bf/Ldf jf ;+o'Qm nufgLdf gx/ v08 (Canal Part) jfafFw (Dam) jf cGo ef}lts lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] gLlt /sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yf u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg kg]{ .

&= ;fgf hnljB't kl/of]hgf:yn;Dd ;8s kxFrgePsf] If]TGIFIM=RVWIFJ';f/ k'n jf $ lsnf]ld6/ eGbfa9L ;8s lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ eP g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;8s kxFrsf]nflu ;8s of]hgfdf ;dfj]]X/FIM=RVN'n / ;8slgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ .

*= ljB't ;xsf/Ln] ;fgf hnljB't pTkfbgsf] nflua}+sx? jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 C0f k|fKt ug]{ sfo{df ;+jlGwtkl/of]hgfnfO g} lwtf] /fv] FIM=RV ['lnoto'Qm C0fpknAw u/fP/ cg's'ntf k|bfg ug]{MIFIM=RVN]sf] v08dfg]kfn ;/sf/n] klg C0f lbg] jf hdfgt a;L ;xof]u ug]{gLlt sfo{qmd / ah]6 th'{df ug'{kg]{ .

OM%'t pTkfbgsf] If]qdf klg :yfgLo ;d'bfodfcfwfl/t ljB't ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbP/g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;xsf/L ;fgf hnljB't nufgL sf]if v8fu/L /fli6o ;xsf/L a}+s jf pmhf{ ljsf;df nufgL ub}{cfPsf] jfl0fHo a}+sx? jf g]kfn ljB't s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3lnld6]8 (NECCAL) dfkm{t ;fgf hnljB't pTkfbg ug{ ;f]k|:tfljt sf]ifsf] kl/rfng / ;b'kof]u ug'{kg]{ .

!)= /fli6o ;xsf/L a}+s dfkm{t b]z el/sf ljz]iftMzx/L If]qsf OR5's ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] jrt, k"FhL //]ld6\ofG;nfO{ 3/ 38]/ K8XIGI H } /x]sf] nufgLnfO{lg?T;flxt u/]/ To:tf] k"FhLnfO{ ;+u|x u/]/ pQm ;xsf/L;fgf hnljB't ljsf; nufgL sf]if dfkm{t ljB't pTkfbs;xsf/L / lghL If]qnfO{ C0f k"FhL pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]uL /cg's'n jftfj/0f lbg'kg]{ .

!!= s'g}klg ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfn] tf]lsPsf]FIdJI]sfo{If]q aflx/ b]zsf] h'g;'s} efudf klg /fli6o k|fyldstfk|fKt pBf]u, pTkfbg / ;]jfsf] If]q -hnljB't, Joj;floss[OLIS7NIEJQXIRWBGI'/lIft ?kdf ;+o'Qm nufgL ug]{:jtGqtf x'g kg]{ .

!@= ljB't ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?af6 ;fgf hnljB'tpTkfbg u/L /fli6o lu|8df cfk"lt{ u/L g]kfn ljB'tk|flws/0fnfO{ ljqmL ug]{ kl/of]hgfnfO{ ;fgf hnljB't zlQmsf]pTkfbg / ljsf; ug{ pTkfbs ljB't ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{;x'lnot C0f (soft lone) sf] ?kdf tTsfnb]lv g} C0f/sd pknAw u/fpg] gLlt, sfo{qmd / ah]6sf] k|jGw ug'{kg]{/ OdfGbf/L ;fy ;do g} lgoldt Aofh / C0f r'Qmf ug]{

KQ]O4P-DODVKDNWLj j

;xsf/LnfO{ %) k|ltzt Aofh ldgfxf ug'{kg]{ .!#= g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0faf6 ljB't ;]jf lj:tf/

ePsf :yfgdf n3', ldlg / ;fgf hnljB't pTkfbg x'g ;Sg]k|jn ;+efjgf e} pTkfbg u/]df To:tf] ljB't ;+/rgf :yfgLopTkfbs ;xsf/LnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L :yfgLo pTkfbsnfO{k|f]T;flxt ug'{kg]{ .

!$= ;fd'bflos u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fsf] sfo{qmd;~rfng ePsf If]qdf ztk|ltzt ljB't r'xfj6 /f]lsPsf]kfOPsf]n] of] sfo{qmdnfO{ dfu e}/xsf ;d'bfox?df Jofks

?kdf lj:tf/ ul/g'sf ;fy} klxn] ;+/rgf lgld{t e};s]sf:yfgdf klg of] sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ub}{ hfg o;df a9L;/nLs/0f ug'kg]{ / 6f9f 6f9f;Dd 5l/P/ km}lnPsf xfd|fu|fdL0f a:tLx?df ljB't ljt/0f ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf To;} klga9L nfut x'g], To;dfly lgof]lht e|i6frf/sf] nflu cema9L nfut b]vfpg] / sd u'0f:t/sf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ;d]tul/G5 eGg ] ; 'Ggdf cfPsf ]n ] o; ;+jGwdf klg;d'bfo;xsf/LnfO{ g} lbP/ s8f cg'udgsf] k|jGw ug'{kg]{ .

!%= Ps ;o lsnf]jf6 eGbf ;fgf n3' hnljB'tx?sf]pTkfbg @$ 306f x'g] t/ pkof]u ^ 306f -/ftL % 306f /laxfg ! 306f dfq e} !* 306f v]/ hfg] u/]sf]n] o:tf] n3'hnljB'tnfO{ ldlgu|L8dfkm{t g]kfn ljB't k|fljlws/0fn] lng]/ u|fdL0f If]qaf6 zx/tkm{ ljB't lgsf;L ug]{ jf tL :yfgdfa9L ljB't vkt x'g] pBf]u Joj;fo j[l4 ug]{ ;'lglZrtug'{kg]{ .

!^= o'jf :j/f]huf/ sf]if, u/LaL lgjf/0f sf]ifsf]/sd a]/f]huf/ o'jfx? ;+ul7t u/L hnljB't nufot /fli6ok|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u Joj;fo, k|fljlws bIf hgzlQm pTkfbgug]{ sn]h jf OlG:6Ro"6x? ;~rfng ug{df nufgL u/]/k|ltkmn lng] . ;f] C0f r'Qmf ug]{ lsl;dn] tL sfo{ljlwx?df;+zf]wg, kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ .!&= g]kfn ;/sf/n] j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|dfkm{t hnljB'tpTkfbs ;xsf/LnfO{ hnljB't jf gljs/0fLo pmhf{ ljsf;jf ljB't ;+jGwL ;fdu|/ S7NIEJ MI YOEiOMTP/ KWIJoj;fod"ns kl/of]hgf k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu ;x'lnot

C0f tyf ;Lkd"ns lb3{sflng tflnd, k|fljlws lzIff cflbh:tf bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug]{ ;[hgzLn sfo{qmdsf] nflucg'bfg jf ;x'lnot C0f ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg kg]{ .

!*= xfn g]kfn ;/sf/n] j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{gs]Gb|nfO{ !) d]ufjf6 Ifdtf;Ddsf ldgL tyf ;fgf hnljB'tpTkfbg ug]{ ;+jGwL pQ/bfloTj / clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] xf]eg] tbg'?k s]Gb|nfO{ yk ;Ifd t'Nofpg ;+/rgfdf k'glj{rf/ug'{kg]{ .

!(=g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^&!@)( df ;fj{hlgsu/]sf] :yfgLo lgsfox?, ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?, ;fd'bflos ;+3;+:yfx?, ;fj{hlgs If]q / gLlh If]q aLrsf] ;fem]bf/L(Cooperative Community Public Private Partnership,CCPPP) df # d]ufjf6;Ddsf] hnljB't ljsf;df nfutsf]%) k|ltzt / u|fdL0f ljB't ;xsf/Lx?n] ! d]ufjf6;Ddsf]hnljB't pTkfbg ubf{ lgdf{0f nfutsf] &% k|ltzt cg'bfgpknAw u/fpg] egL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] efjL sfo{qmd egL3f]if0ff u/]sf]df ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ .

@)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfXjfg u/]/ ;/sf/, :yfgLolgsfox?, ;xsf/Lx? lghL If]q aLr lb3{sfnLg ;fem]bf/Ldfk|To]s ljsf; If]qdf slDtdf !! j6f @% d]ufjf6;Ddsfdemf}nf hnljB't kl/of]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f, ;+rfng tyfsfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] gLlt sfo{qmd / k|f]T;fxg ah]6sf]k|jGw u/L hnljB't pTkfbgnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{ .

@!= ;xsf/L, gLlh / ;/sf/L h'g;'s} ;+:yf, JolQmjf lgsfo lsg gxf];\ cg'dltkq lnP/ ;doleq} hnljB'tljsf; u/]df k|f]T;flxt / k'/:s[t ug]{ t/ hn;|f]t cf]u6]/hnljB't ljsf; gug]{nfO{ cg'dlt vf/]hLsf ;fy} plrtb08 hl/jfgfsf] Joj:yf u/L s8fO ;fy sfof{Gjog u/L;fj{hlgs/0f ug]{, ;fy} cg'dltsf] Joj:yfnfO{ a9L Jojxfl/sagfpg' kg]{ .

@@= lhNnf hn;|f]t ;ldltnfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L /clwstd clwsf/o'Qm agfO{ Go"gtd $ d]ufjf6;Ddsf ;fgfhnljB't kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;j]{If0f, pTkfbgsf] cg'dlt lbg]clwsf/ / st{Ao ;+jGwL lhNnf hn;|f]t ;ldltnfO{ g} /xg]ljs]lGb|t lsl;dsf] sfg'gL k|jGw ldnfpg' kg]{ .

@#= hnljB't pTkfbg sfo{ ;DkGg kl/of]hgfx?sf];a} kIfsf] pko'Qm cg'udg u/L lglZrt ;"rs jf dfkb08sfcfwf/df jftfj/0fLo ;+t'ng ;d]tsf] d"Nofg u/L pTs[i6tfsf]cfwf/df ;+3 ;+:yf / lgsfonfO{ k|f]T;fxg :j?k k'/:sf/k|bfg ug]{ k/Dk/f g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :yflkt u/L s8f 9+un]sfof{Gjog klg ug'{kg]{ .

@$= lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf /x]sf pmhf{ zfvfx?nfO{

ZG^IKNI`@QcWoIf,

g]kfn ljB't s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L;+:yf lnld6]8

OMV XIS) OG1U@ JGJI JOMVI/R SPKI^ XIOM I@LIIIsfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf]] ljs6 ldNr] uflj; d'n'ssf]

klxnf] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ uflj; 3f]lift ePsf] 5 . zx/x?n]nf]8;]lsf] r/d ;d:of ef]lu/x]sf] a]nf ;b/d'sfd w'lnv]naf6%% lsnf]dL6/ blIf0f klZrddf /x]sf] of] ufpFsf ;a} 3/w'/LdfgjLs/0fLo pmhf{dfk{mt lah'nL k'u]/ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sfnflu d'n'ssf] gd"gf ufpF 3f]lift ul/Psf] xf] .

;dfh;]jL dw' cfrfo{, j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sfhubLz s'df/ vf]Fh", >f]t Joj:yfkg tyf u|fdL0f ;zlQms/0f;+:yf -l/d/]s_ sf cWoIf 8f= k|]d zdf{, lhNnf pmhf{ sfo{qmdclws[t ;~hLjs'df/ nfn, uflj; ;lrj e/t a:g]tsf;fy} :yfgLojf;Ldfem @)&) ;fn kf}if ^ ut] Ps sfo{qmdsfcfof]hgf u/L !#@& dlxnf / !#^^ k'?if ;lxt s"n hg;+Vof@^(# ePsf] ldNr]nfO{ gd"gf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ uflj; 3f]if0fful/Psf] lyof] . j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] ;xof]udfl/d/]sdfk{mt rf/cf]6f n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfaf6 pTkflbtlah'nL # ;o *^ 3/w'/L / ;f]nf/dfk{mt ^@ 3/w'/Ldflah'nL k'ofPkl5 ldNr] uflj; nf]8;]l8 d'Qm ePsf] xf] .;fy} uflj;sf # ;o ! 3/w'/Ln] ;'wfl/Psf] r"nf] k|of]u u/]sf5g\ eg] ! ;o %& 3/w'/Ln] afof]UofF; k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ .

cOG1U] uflj; g]kfns} gjLs/0fLo pmhf{dfk{mt ;a}3/w'/Ldf lah'nL afNg] klxnf] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ uflj; xf] .

ljZjsf clwsf+z b]zdf s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0f nfOgdfk{mt ljB'tk'Ug], t/ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{af6 ;a} 3/w'/Ldf lah'nL k'u]sf]yfxf 5}g, ;DejtM ljZjs} gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ kl/rflntsfnflu klxnf] uflj; oxL x'g ;S5 . j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{gs]Gb|sf] ;fd'bflos ljB'tLs/0f ;xOsfOsf /fli6o ;Nnfxsf/dw';'bg clwsf/Ln] ldNr] uflj;nfO{ gd'gf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{uflj; 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]df v';L JoQm ub}{ eGg' eof] .

cV]Gb|dfk{mt d'n'se/df & nfv 3/w'/Ldf n3' hnljB't/ ;f]nf/dfk{mt pmhf{ k'u]sf] 5 . k|j4{g s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/Llgb]{zs k|f= 8f= uf]ljGb /fh kf]v/]nsf cg';f/ ;a} 3/w'/Ldflah'nL k'u]/ 3f]lift ;Gb]zn] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{dfk{mt pmhf{;'/Iff x'g;S5 eGg] b]vfPsf] 5, / o;n] pmhf{ ;'/Iffsf nflu/fd|f] pbfx/0f b]vfPsf] 5 .

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;'wf/ NofO{ ;a}sf] nflu lbuf] pmhf{ cTofjZos ePsf]n]uDeL/tfk"j{s nfUg cfXjfg ug'{ eP otf s/La %) d'n'sn]RGIFIdJI] k|ltj4tf hgfO;s]sf] 5 . kl/0ffd :j?k g]kfnnufot ljleGg d'n'sdf ;a}sf nflu lbuf] pmhf{ ljifodfof]hgfsf/x, lj1x / k|zf;sx ax;df h'6\b} nIodfk'Ug / of]hgfx agfpg Jo:t /x]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] tk{maf6 o; ;+jGwdf /fli6o of]hgf cfof]usf];+of]hsTjdf, pmhf{ dGqfno, lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f

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dGqfno, j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|, k|fl1s lgsfox, ljtJolQmTjx, gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ ljsf;df nfUb} cfPsf ljleGg;+:yfx ;a}sf nflu lbuf] pmhf{sf d"ndGq lnP/uDeL/tfk"j{s sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ .

/fli6o of]hgf cfof]un] ;a}sf nflu lbuf] pmhf{;+jGwdf xfn} Pp6f ljZn]if0ffTds k':ts ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]5 . ;a}sf] nflu lbuf] pmhf{ /fli6o k|ltj4tf x'g'kg]{ cfwf/xJofVof ub}{ ;g\ @)@) ;Ddsf] nIo / ;g\ @)#) sf] nIosf]?k/]vf / To;sf nflu gLlt tyf sfo{qmdxsf] ;'emfjk|:t't u/]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] ljBdfg pmhf{sf >f]tx, ljt/0f/ k|of]usf gfnLa]nL klg To; k':tsdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

k':tsdf k|:t't tYofnfO{ a'eE} hfg]xn] pmhf{sf;+jGwdf d'n'sn] ug'{kg]{ sfdx ce}m w]/} afFsL /x]sf 5g\eg] ;+j4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx kl5 gkg{ ;Gb]z lbPsf] klg 5 .To;}u/L 7"nf hnljB't cfof]hgfx dfusf] cg'kftdf clt;':t/L ultzLn x'g', cfoft ug}{kg]{ k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf] vkta9\b} hfg'sf] cj:yfnfO{ vt/fsf] ;"rssf] ?kdf a'eJ'kg]{x'G5 .

gjLs/0fLo phf{sf nflu k|ljlw ljsf;, k|j4{g /ljt/0ftkm { / f i6 sf ]lqmofzLntfnfO{ ;Gtf]ifhsk|ult dfGg ;lsP klg>f]txsf] zt k|ltzt k|of]uug{ u/fpg cyf{t\ pmhf{dfkx'Fr gk'u]sf 3/w'/L;Ddljt/0f ug{ Psf;f}F ztfAbLsfhgtfsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ / ;fdlhs Gofosf] l;4fGtnfO{Wofgdf /fv]/ klg ;a}sf nflu lbuf] pmhf{k|lt cem uDeL/x'g'kg]{ cfhsf] cfjZostf ;a} b[li6sf]0faf6 ;d'lrt /x]sf]kfOG5 .

;a}sf] nflu lbuf] pmhf{sf] dxTj g]kfnsf] ;+be{dfpmhf{df ;a} hgtfsf] kx'Fr k'ofpgsf ;fy} jftfj/0f ;+/If0f-e";+/If0f, jg ;+/If0f, jGohGt' ;+/If0f cflb;d]t_ ug{,/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug{, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;~rf/ ;'ljwfk'ofpg, OGwgsf] cfoft sd ug{ h:tf ljleGg ;sf/fTdsk|ultsf nflu klg cTofjZos /x]sf]5 . To;}u/L gljs/0fLopmhf{ k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{ qmddf lbuf] kIfdf clwstd WofglbP/ ;+/If0fkIfnfO{ dxTj lbPdf ;a}sf] nflu lbuf] pmhf{k|ltsf]k|ltj4tfaf6 Gofo x'g]5 eGg] klg a'eJOV*

D `VI @ QI OX OEXI @ SPKI ^ JM/VI /RSPKI^WN^PVI@ OTPRI]/QWI

jgk}bfjf/ 3/r"Nxfsf] d'Vo OGwg /xL cfPsf] ;+be{df

jgljgfzn] ubf{klg jftfj/0fdf lauf/ k}bf x'g] / kof{j/0fLo;Gt'ng lau|g] eGg] Aoxf]/fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s ljrf/ ug]{ xf]eg] 3/r"Nxfsf nflu jg k}bfjf/sf] k|of]u ;s];Dd sdug{ gkg]{ x'G5 . To;}u/L dx+uf] d"No lt/L cfoft ul/g]k]6f]lnodhGo kbfy{ klg 3/r"Nxfsf] nflu OGwgsf] 7"n} ;|f]t/xL cfPsf] ;Gbe{df To;nfO{ klg Go"gLs/0ftkm{ nfg'kg]{

ljleGg sf/0fx 5g\ . k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf b'u{'0fxdf sfa{gpT;h{g klg xf] .

bfp/f jgh+un gf;]/ kfOg] j:t' xf] -bfp/fsf] nflujg / j[Iff/f]k0f Jojl:yt ul/Psf] v08df jgh+un gfz ug{cfjZos x'Gb}g eg]/ a'eJ] cy{df_ . jg h+un ljgfzsf]l:yltg] eofjx kl/0ffdnfO{ Wofgdf / a'em]/ bfp/f sd eGbfsd k|of]u u/L 3/r"Nxfsf] sfd wGbf ;sfpg] pkfo cjn+jg

ug{ ljn+j gug'{kg]{ e};s]sf] 5 . To;sf nflu cg'ej, ljleGgk|of]u, k|fljlws cg';Gwfg / ljsf;af6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf]1fg / ;Lk nufP/ k]6f]lnodhGo kbfy{ / jgk}bfjf/sf]

Go"gtd k|of]u ug{lt/sf] cleofgnfO{ yk ;fy{s t'Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

xfn;Ddsf ljleGgcg'ej, k|of ]u, k|fljlwscg';Gwfg / ljsf;nfO{[ dggug]{ xf] eg] hnljB't -/fli6ok|;f/0f gk'u]sf jf b'u{d

ufp F7fp Fsf nf lu n3 'hnljB't_, afof]Uof;, ;f}o{

pmhf{ g]kfnsf] ;+be{df pko'Qm 7xl/Psf 5g\ eg] jfo' pmhf{cem} k/LIf0fs} ?kdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 .

n3' hnljB't ;;fgf vf]nfgfnfsf] kfgL cUnf]

7fpFaf6 kfOksf] dfWodaf6 v;fn]/ 6af{Og rnfO{ lah'nLpTkfbg ug]{ k|ljlw xf] . b'u{d ufpF3/sf] cfjZostfnfO{;'xfpFbf cfof]hgfxsf nflu k"j{;+efJotf cWoogb]lv;+efJotf cWoog, oGq pks/0fsf] l8hfOg / pTkfbg,

ljB'tu[x nufotsf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f, h8fgsf ;fy} dd{t;Def/sf] sfd klg b]zs} hgzlQm / ;Lkaf6 ;DkGg x'Fb}cfPsf] 5 . :d/0fLo 5, g]kfnsf] of] k|ljlw, ;Lk / pks/0fpTkfbg Ifdtf cflbn] ljb]zdf;d]t Voflt sdfPsf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] ;dodf !)) lsnf]jf6;Ddsf hnljB'tcfof]hgfxnfO{ n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf elgb} cfPsf] ePklgxfn cfP/ !)) eGbfdfly !))) lsnf]jf6 cyf{t\ Ps

d]ufjf6;Ddsf hnljB't cfof]hgfnfO{ ;fgf hnljB't

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cfof]hgf cGtu{t /flvPsf] 5 / k|j4{gsf nflu cfjZos

;xof]usf] Joj:yf klg yflnPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] hfgsf/L cg';f/g]kfnsf lxdfn tyf kxf8L lhNnfxdf ;;fgfb]lv !))

lsnf]jf6;Ddsf @%)) n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfx :yfkgfe};s]sf 5g\ eg] tL cfof]hgfxaf6 nueu @* d]ufjf6

lah'nL pTkfbg e} /x]sf] / nueu tLg nfv 3/w'/LnfO{lah'nLsf] pHofnf] lbPsf] 5 . s'6fgL, lk;fgLsf ;fy} sDKo'6/,kmf]6f] :6'l8of], kmlg{r/ pBf]u, kfp/f]6L pBf]u, s'v'/f kfngh:tf ;;fgf pBf]uwGbf / :jf:Yo ;]jf ;]jfsf nflu klg

n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfxaf6 pTkflbt lah'nL pkof]u ul/Fb}cfPsf]5 . clxn] cfP/ ldgL u|L8sf] dfWodaf6 qm;/ d]zLg

nufot ljleGg pBf]uxnfO{ klg lah'nL cfk"lt{ ul/g] u/]sf]5 .

ufO{, e}+;L jf cGo hgfj/ jf dfG5]sf] lai7f jfs'lxg] kft klt+u/ cflb Pp6f s+lqm6sf] RofDa/df lglZrttfkdfg / ;do /fv]/ ;fdfGo k|lqmofkl5 afof]UofF; tof/

x'G5 . afof]UofF; d'VotM uf]a/ k|of]u u/L tof/ ul/g] ePsf]n]o;nfO{ uf]a/UofF; klg elgG5 . uf]a/UofF; jf afof]UofF;sf];+be{df eGg] xf] eg] b]zsf krxQ/} lhNnfsf @%)) uflj;x/ gu/kflnsfxdf afof]UofF; ;xof]u sfo{qmd -aLP;kL_cGtu{t @ nfv $( xhf/ ( ;o *( j6f afof]UofF; ;+oGqlgdf{0f ul/Psf5g\ / tL ;+oGqxaf6 xfn;Dd s/La # nfv3/w'/Ln] vfgf ksfpg / aQL afNg afof]UofF; k|of]u ub}{cfPsf5g\ eg] g]kfn afof]UofF; k|j4{g ;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 .

afof]UofF;sf] nflu k|of]u ul/;s]sf] n]bf] v]taf/Lsf]