35
Realtime Permafrost Monitoring in Matter Valley Realtime Permafrost Monitoring in Matter Valley Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich

Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    18

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Real‐time Permafrost Monitoring in Matter ValleyReal‐time Permafrost Monitoring in Matter ValleyJan Beutel, ETH ZurichJan Beutel, ETH Zurich

Page 2: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

PermaSense

• Interdisciplinary geo‐science and engineering collaboration• Consortium of several projects, start in 2006• Fundamental as well as applied research

– Long‐term, high‐quality sensing in harsh environments– Better quality data, obtained online– Measurements that have previously been impossible– Enabling new science, answering fundamental questions related to 

decision making, natural hazard early‐warning

• More than 35 people, 17 PhD students

Page 3: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Our Field Sites: Precision Scientific Instruments

Page 4: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Miniature Low‐Power Wireless Sensors

• Static, low‐rate sensing (120 sec)• Simple scalar values: voltages, resistivity, digital sensors• 4‐5 years operation (~200 μA avg. power)• ~0.1 Mbyte/node/day• 6+ years experience, ~946,838,342 data points 

4

Page 5: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Our patient does not fit into a laboratory

Page 6: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

So the laboratory has to go on the 

mountain

Page 7: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

A base station collects and relays 

the data to the valley

[B. Buchli, F. Sutton, J. Beutel and L. Thiele: Dynamic Power Management for Long‐Term Energy Neutral Operation of Solar Energy Harvesting Systems. Proc. SenSys 2014.B. Buchli, F. Sutton, J. Beutel and L. Thiele: Towards Enabling Uninterrupted Long‐Term Operation of Solar Energy Harvesting Embedded Systems. Proc. EWSN 2014M. Keller, J. Beutel and L. Thiele: The Problem Bit. Proc. DCOSS 2013  ★ Best Paper Award ★B. Buchli, D. Aschwanden and J. Beutel: Battery State‐of‐Charge Approximation for Energy Harvesting Embedded Systems. Proc. EWSN 2013.M. Keller, J. Beutel and L. Thiele: How Was Your Journey? Uncovering Routing Dynamics in Deployed Sensor Networks with Multi‐hop Network Tomography. Proc. SenSys 2012.]

Page 8: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Online Data Management & Access• Global Sensor Network (GSN)

– Data streaming framework from EPFL (K. Aberer)– Organized in “virtual sensors”, i.e. data types/semantics– Hierarchies and concatenation of virtual sensors enable on‐line processing– Dual architecture translates data from machine representation to SI values, 

adds metadata

Data from field site is received by the private GSN server “as is” and storedin a primary database.

Data is passed on to a public GSN server where it is mapped to metadata (positions, sensor types, calibration) and converted to convenient data formats.

Data is available for download and analysis using external tools.

firewall

Page 9: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

WLAN Long‐haul Communication

• WLAN (802.11a) backbone using directional links• Leased fiber/DSL from Zermatt Bergbahnen AG to mountaintop

Page 10: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Randa Grossgufer Relay Station

Page 11: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Shallow Rock/ice Temperature Profiles

Aim: Understand temperatures in heterogeneous rock and ice• Measurements at several depths• Two‐minute interval, autonomous for several years• Survive, buffer and flush periods without connectivity

[A. Hasler, S. Gruber & W: Haeberli: Temperature variability and thermal offset in steep alpine rock and ice faces. The Cryosphere, 5, 977‐988.]

Page 12: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Assessment of Kinematic Behavior

• 1 and 2‐dimensional crackmeter instrumentation in the 2003 rockfall detachment zone

C2

C20 C1

Page 13: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

The clefts at Hörnliridge move in distinct patterns

•[A. Hasler, S. Gruber and J. Beutel: Kinematics of steep bedrock permafrost.J. Geophys. Res., 117, F01016.]

2009 2010 2011 201420132012

Page 14: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

62mm

Strong Stepwise Opening in SummertimeC2

C2 C2 C2

Reinforcementby snowmelt

•[A. Hasler, S. Gruber and J. Beutel: Kinematics of steep bedrock permafrost.J. Geophys. Res., 117, F01016.]

Page 15: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

C2C2

2003 2009-2015

[B. Jelk]

High‐resolution Timelapse Photography

Page 16: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

2009

C2

Page 17: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

2010

C2

Page 18: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

2011

C2

Page 19: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

2012

C2

Page 20: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

2013

C2

Page 21: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

2014

C2

Page 22: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

18.05.2015

C2

Page 23: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

19.05.2015

C2

Page 24: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

29.05.2015

C2

Page 25: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Why did C2 fail on  

18.05.2015?

Cleft opening

Rock temperature

x [

mm

]T

[°C

]

zero curtain =

local snowmelt

>10 mm fluid precipitation in 30

min

Matterhorn Cleft Kinematic

Page 26: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

How did C2 behave 

since then?

Cleft opening

Rock temperature

x [

mm

]T

[°C

]

Matterhorn Cleft Kinematic

Page 27: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Recent Avenues: Micro‐seismic profiling

10 1

10 3

10 5

MS/

AE

rate

(/da

y)

Seismometer (1-100 Hz)Accelerometer (10-10 4 Hz)AE CH1: Piezo R.45 (5-30 kHz)AE CH2: Piezo R6a (35-80 kHz

Dec/17 Dec/22 Dec/27 Jan/01 Jan/06 Jan/11 Jan/16

-10

0

10

20

Roc

k te

mpe

ratu

re (°

C)

5 cm20 cm50 cm

10 1

10 3

10 5

MS/

AE

rate

(/da

y)

Seismometer (1-100 Hz)Accelerometer (10-10 4 Hz)AE CH1: Piezo R.45 (5-30 kHz)AE CH2: Piezo R6a (35-80 kHz

Jul/15 Jul/20 Jul/25 Jul/30 Aug/04 Aug/09 Aug/14

-10

0

10

20

Roc

k te

mpe

ratu

re (°

C)

5 cm20 cm50 cm

GeophonesAccelerometersPiezo Acoustics

Page 28: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

[J. Beutel et al: X‐Sense: Sensing in Extreme Environments. Proc. Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE 2011)

V. Wirz et al: Temporal characteristics of different cryosphere‐related slope movements in high mountains. Proc. Second World Landslide Forum, 2011.

B. Buchli, F. Sutton and J. Beutel: GPS‐equipped Wireless Sensor Network Node for High‐accuracy Positioning Applications. Proc. EWSN 2012.]

Matter Valley: Detecting Large‐Scale Mass Movements

Page 29: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Wireless L1‐DGPS sensors detect millimeter‐scale

process dynamics

[Wirz, V. et al: Estimating velocity from noisy GPS data for investigating the temporal variability of slope movements, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2503‐2520, 2014.V. Wirzet al: Short‐term velocity variations at three rock glaciers and their relationship with meteorological conditions. Earth Surface Dynamics, 4, 1, p. 103‐123, 2016.]

Page 30: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Real‐time Experimentation at Valley‐Scale

Page 31: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Access to Real‐time Data for Early Warning Decision‐making

Bielzug Debris Flow, June 2013• Critical natural hazard event• Herbriggen partial village evacuation• Closure of road and railway to 

Zermatt

Längschnee, Fall 2014• Constructive measures securing rock 

boulders above Herbriggen• Extension of sensor coverage in 

collaboration with authorities

Page 32: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Technology TransferPERMOS Continuous GPS Pilot

• Pilot program to make L1‐DGPS sensors available on PERMOS partner field sites

• First sensor installation in summer 2013, extensions in 2014, 2015(Valais: Herbriggen Bielzug, Breithorn + Längschnee, Grächen Distelhorn + Ritigraben, Saas‐Balen Gruben + Jäggihorn, Wysse Schije, Randa Grossgufer)

Hanging glacier break-off, Weissmies, Sept. 2014

PERMOS site Largario rock glacier, Sept. 2014 Avalanche protection, Randa, Nov. 2014

Page 33: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

L1‐GPS Data Inventory

Page 34: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

Monitoring of Weissmies Hanging Glacier

• Multi‐modal Monitoring of Hanging Glaciers – Ground‐based radar (Geopraevent)– High‐resolution imaging– In‐situ wireless GPS

installed from long‐line

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

26.05.2015 15.07.2015 03.09.2015 23.10.2015 12.12.2015 31.01.2016 21.03.2016

Triftgletscher 3D Velocity [cm/d]

Position 2 v_3d

Position 3 v_3d

10 per. Mov. Avg. (Position 2 v_3d)

10 per. Mov. Avg. (Position 3 v_3d)

Page 35: Jan Beutel, ETH Zurich - Welcome - TIK...[B. Jelk] High‐resolution TimelapsePhotography 2009 C2 2010 C2 2011 C2 2012 C2 2013 C2 2014 C2 18.05.2015 C2 19.05.2015 C2 29.05.2015 C2

• ETH Zurich– Computer Engineering and Networks Lab– Geodesy and Geodynamics Lab– Micro and Nanosystems

• University of Zurich– Department of Geography

• EPFL– Distributed Information Systems Laboratory

• University of Basel– Department Computer Science

Interested in more? 

http://www.permasense.ch